Contents
Abstracts (1)
Key words (1)
摘要 (1)
关键词 (2)
1.Introduction (2)
2. Classroom design (2)
2.1 What is classroom design (3)
2.2 The necessity of classroom design (3)
2.3 The basic procedure of classroom design (4)
3.The traditional English teaching (5)
3.1The method of the traditional English teaching (6)
3.2 The problems and disadvertage of the traditional English teaching (6)
4. Multimedia and Multimedia teaching (9)
4.1 The definition of multimedia (9)
4.2 What is multimedia teaching (9)
4.3 The theory of multimedia teaching (9)
5. The appearance of multimedia and teaching using multimedia (10)
5.1 The advertage of multimedia (11)
5.2 The advertage of using multimdia to support college English teaching (11)
5.3 What we should pay attention to when we teach using multimedia (13)
Conclusion (15)
Bibliography (17)
Classroom Design in College English T eaching
Name: Zhang Dan dan Number: 20067061207
English Major HuaRui College
Supervisor: Y u Lan Title: Instructor
Abstract: With the arrival of the economic globalization and China's participation in the international competition, the English teaching of China faces brand-new challenges and opportunities. More and more people attach importance to the multimedia model. The traditional teaching pays great attention to the teaching of knowledge ,belittles the training of imagination and the ability to solve problems,and neglects the development of creative thinking. This teaching style spends too much time,so that the atmosphere of class is very boring. The traditional English teaching model has not satisfied the need of our social development. The appearance of multimedia makes teachers have a great span in the teaching content when they have teaching activities. The span is that its knowledge points will not be limited to the main points of teaching when a teacher is teaching the content.It can break the shackles of “section” and melt together section and section. This teaching method has its unique adva ntages,it?s apt to enable students to recall knowledges learned in early time.It plays a role in the consolidation of knowledge.It plays a role in the consolidation of knowledge. Therefore, the combination of the traditional English teaching method and the multimedia teaching model will meet the need of the reformation and development of the modern English teaching model.
Key words:College English; Traditional English teaching model; Multimedia teaching model
摘要：随着经济全球化和中国在参与国际竞争的到来，对中国英语教学面临着全新的挑战和机遇。越来越多的人重视多媒体模型。传统教学注重知识的教学，轻视想象力训练和解决问题的能力，而忽视了教学方式创新思想.这种教学模式发展花费太多时间，使课堂气氛十分沉闷。传统的英语教学模式已不能满足我国社会发展的需要。而多媒体的出现，使教师在教学内容教学时有很大的飞跃.这
种跨度使教师在教学时知识点不只限于教学要点.它打破了“章节”的桎梏，使每章节融和在一起。这种教学方法有其独特的优点，这容易使学生回忆起以前学习的内容.这起到了巩固知识的作用。因此，传统的英语教学方法和多媒体教学模式的结合，将满足改革和现代英语教学模式发展的需要
关键字：大学英语；传统英语教学模式；多媒体教学模式
1. Introduction
With the development of the society, English is more and more important. People have always realized that English level becomes an aspect to measure people?s comprehensive quality, while the traditional methods in foreign language teaching for college school are simple for a long time. Traditional passive learning situations (books, blackboard, classroom lectures, etc)often do not include significant interaction since instructor typically supplies the knowledge that the learner is expected to simply absorb. Nowadays, the modern technology applies very important in school field. Students? active learning under multi-media technology has become an important direction of the education reform.
2. Classroom design
Classroom design is a process which achieve optimal results for the purpose of teaching and learning theory,learning theory , and communication theory as the theoretical basis. Using the system to analyze the teaching problems, identifing teaching goals, build the strategy program which solves teaching problems,trial solution program ,evaluation trial results ang modification program. In lesson preparation process, teachers arrange and plan these elements reasonably using a systematic approach,that is classroom instruction. This design makes links between various elements together and it is conducive to promote the systematic of teaching and improve teachers? ability to deal with a variety of teaching information and enable teacher have comprehensive,objective understanding of teaching.And continually improve and refine classroom teaching. It can be said that, the classroom teaching design is an explore to improve classroom teaching to a higher level and an essential
work to improve teaching quaity and efficiency.
2.1 What is classroom design
Classroom design is an effective pre-plan to the whole process and total structure, specific area and related aspect according to the cottect teaching thoughts and English teaching principles,according to certain teaching purpose and requirements, aiming at specific objects and materials. It is the the centrepiece of a English teacher?s education thoughts, thinking processes and teaching art. Instructional design is not only a science, but also an art. The so-called science is the correct use of educational ideas and principles of English teaching. It not noly meet the internal relations and rule of teaching ,but also reflect the inherent connection and rule of English knowledge.The so-called art,is demanding English teaching design becoming more sophisticated, perfect, effective. It can greatly stimulate the emotions of students and meet their desire of learning, form a pleasant class atmosphere between teachers and students.
2.2 The necessity of classroom design
Some teachers with experience seem to have an ability to think on their feet, which allows them to believe that they do not need to plan their lessons. However, most teachers go on preparing lessons throughout their careers, even if the plans are very informal.
For students, evidence of a plan shows them that the teacher has devoted time to thinking about the class. It strongly suggests a level of professionalism and a commitment to the kind of preparation they might reasonably expect. Lacking of a plan may suggest the opposite of these teacher attributes.
For the teacher, a plan - however informal –gives the lesson a framework,an overall shape. It is true that he or she may end up departing from it at stages of lesson, but at the very least it will be something to fall back on.. Of course, good teachers are flexible and respond creatively to what happens in the classroom, but they also need to have thought ahead, have a destination they want their students to reach, and know they are going to get there.
Planning helps, then, because it allows teachers to think about where they?re going and give them time to have ideas for tomorrow?s and next week?s lessons.In the classroom, a plan helps to remind teachers what they intended to do –especially if they get distracted or momentarily forget what they had intended. Finally, planning helps because it gives students confidence: they know immediately whether a teacher has thought about the lesson, and they respond positively to those that have.
No plan is written on tablets of stone. However, On the contrary,the plan is just that –a plan,possiblities for the lesson which may or may not come about,in other words. Of course, we will be happy if things go …according to plan?,but they often don?t.All sorts of things may go wrong:equipment not working, bored students, students who?ve …done it before?,students who need to ask unexpected questions or who want or need to pursue unexpected pathways etc. That?s when the teacher has to be flexible, has to be able to leave the plan for however long it takes to satisfy the students? needs at that point in the lesson. Sometimes, the plan has to be abandoned completely and it is only after the lesson that the teacher can look at it again and see if some parts of it are recoverable for future lessons.
There is one particular situation in which planning is especially important, and that is when a teacher is to be observed as part of an assessment or performance review. The observer needs to have a clear idea of what the teacher intends in order to judge the successof the lesson.
2.3 The basic procedure of classroom design
There are five basic procedures of classroom design:The first is to analyse teaching tasks: Set forth the anticipate targets of teaching,start from analysing learning needs to find out the problems appear in teaching. The gap between students actual situation and and their expect level. So to solve the problems “why” and “what to learn”.The second is to analyse students? characteristics: Teachers analyse specific teaching content, not only need to consider the selection and arrangment of curriculum, unit and period of lesson content, but also need to study the knowledge and skill about the content of this unit before they begin to learn on the content they
will learn.That is to assess the initial capacity of the students understand the general characteristics of the students and the interests and attitudes, that is to determine the starting state of students.The third is to definite the specific learning objectives：Analyse the knowledge,skill,attitude they should form and the behavior habit from the beginning state to the terminal state. That is the knowledge and skills students should master by learning.The forth is to determine teaching strategies: Consider using what way to present the materials to students, provide learning guidance;to consider how to achieve learning goals or teaching objectives. Solve the problems “how to learn” and “how to teach”in which we should think over the choice and application of teaching media according to the different situation choose different teaching media or teaching resources. The fifth is to carry out the evaluation of instructional design: Consider how to measure and evaluate the results of teaching scientifically. Consider how to stimulate students to reapond and provide feedback;to assess the behavior of learning and teaching when evaluate it. On one hand, we should evaluate to the standard of target.On the other hand, evaluation provides feedback informations on teaching effects. Thereby re-examine al the step in the model, in particular, test decisions of objectives and strategies.
3. The traditional English teaching
Traditional English teaching is a teacher-centered single and obsolete mode using the method of “chalk and talk”.Teachers talk endlessly and write continously ,students take the notes continously,the classroom atmosphere is depressing. The opportunity for students to master the knowledge and have a train actively is very small. The main advantages of the traditional teaching method are as follows:1.In traditional teaching method, the first language is maintained as the reference system in the learning of the second language. Translation from one language to another plays a certain part in language learning. Comparison between two languages helps students to have a better understanding of the meaning of abstract words and complicated sentences. 2.Systematic study of grammatical rules plays an important role in fostering students’ability of reading comprehension and
producing grammatical correct sentences. 3. The focus on understanding literary texts provides the situation in which reading and writing abilities are well trained. 4. This method makes feel demands on teachers although it often creates frustration for students. It is relatively easy to apply.
3.1 The method of the traditional English teaching
The traditional English classroom is based on language knowledge and it takes the “test”as the main purpose. The traditional teaching stresses the role of teachers in the classroom, the medias teachers use are also chalk,blackboards and slide,the teaching process is very monotonous;Teachers teach around “pronunciation,garmmar, vocabulary ”and other knowledges.Students listen to the lectures passively,and are tired to momerize.Teachers play a major role in English teaching.The role of studens has become passive recipient of language knowledge.
3.2 The problems and disadvertage of the traditional English teaching
The traditional teaching lacks of natural language environment：as for this traditional pattern, there exist some problems in teaching. For example, the students study English without a natural language environment，their own native tongue always interrupt them. It also limitate English learning：the ways of English studying are limited in one or two books, such as the grammatical book, the reading and writing book and so on, which let the learners spontaneously think that the learning of English is just the reciting of grammars and vocabularies. How boring this studying way is! Furthermore, the traditional pattern of English teaching is still focusing on examination. The knowledge about English language and background is very little, which causes a lack of cultural knowledge. So the learners cannot understand English in the whole facets and they cannot master the concrete language points flexibly. All the class under the t eacher?s control：In the class, the teacher?s words are all right. The students are absolutely under the teacher's control. In this pattern, there is no way to distinguish teaching from learning because students? learning activities are involved in teacher?s teaching activities. A great problem arising from this kind of education
pattern is that students are used to waiting for learning knowledge instead o f producing new things actively.
The traditional teaching also pays great attention to the teaching of knowledge ,belittles the training of imagination and the ability to solve problems,and neglects the development of creative thinking.This teaching style spends too much time,so that the atmosphere of class is very boring.It is difficult to mobilize students?interests and enthusiasm.At the same time,teachers can only teach step by step relying on the outlines,due to the time and space constraint.The teaching content is also limited to the teaching materials.In this way information students can access is very narrow.The knowledge students acquired is very limited as well.This type of one-way classroom English teaching model,forcing on imparting language knowledge neglectes language ability and attitude training,greatly hurt students? learning enthusiasm. About the purpose of training students, the traditional teaching model tends to treat all the students in the same way and has denied student?s individuality and independency. It has not only enormously constrained the initiative and enthusiasm of students to pursue the independent development, but also have hindered students? individuality and creativity. About the method of teaching students, teachers are the center of the class and they use the spoon-fed, instilled way to force the students to take and receive passively. Thus this stops students from developing independently and creatively. About the relationship between teachers and students, in class of traditional English teaching model, there are no such ideas and atmosphere of being equal between students and teachers. This is also unfavorable for students to think independently and actively. About the practical ability of the students, the traditional English teaching ignores the importance of practicing, which also lets the students have little knowledge of our society and know the theory, but not know how to do. Thus students? potentials are restrained.Classes are taught in the students' mother tongue, with little active use of the target language. Overemphasis on translation can never emancipate the learners from dependence on the first language. V ocabulary is taught in the form of isolated word lists. Elaborate explanations of grammar are always provided. Grammar instruction provides the rules for putting
words together; instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words. However, knowing a lot of grammatical rules can not ensure that students can use them appropriately in real communicative situation. Reading of difficult texts is begun early in the course of study. Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis. Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue, and vice versa. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation. The language learned doesn?t meet the practical needs of the learners.
From the angle of studying, student must be guided by the teacher. They enhance gradually the ability of being independent by practicing and master the skills and strategies in autonomy in study and then they can establish self-confidence. Eventually, they can develop their own enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity and ach ieve “creation own” in the practice. Therefore, they have enhanced their abilities to overcome all kind of difficulties and they will get all-round developments.
Actually, “teaching” and “learning” is a unity of two opposites. In the procedure of English t eaching, the result of “teaching” must be presented eventually by the “learning”. If the teacher can be an excellent helper and facilitator, without doubt the students will be the center of the class, and they will surely develop in all-round way.
So, teachers must change their teaching ideas and adopt the new teaching model. In order to raise the students? quality, teachers must help the students to develop independently and encourage them to innovate. Therefore, students? individualities and morals can be developed simultaneously and their intellect can be stimulated effectively. In short, if an English teacher wants to be a good teacher, his teaching method must be diversified and varied; using one teaching model is not adequate.
To achieve the goal of the quality-oriented education, teachers must break the traditional teaching model and get thoroughly rid of the influences of the traditional inherent malpractice from the angle of teaching. It must make the new changes in the guiding ideology, the value orientation, the researching aim and so on
come true. Teachers must create the brand-new teaching patterns that can consist with the all-round development of students. In order to achieve these goals, we must use the modern teaching model-the multimedia teaching-teaching model.
4. Multimedia and Multimedia teaching
4.1 The definition of multimedia
Multimedia technology is to integrate and control all kinds of information media-number,picture,sound etc. on a computer by using digital technology.It makes computer system become a system which can store,process and disseminate
text,graphics,soung and other information technology.Multimedia technology is the combination of computers and correspondences,sounds,pictures,senses and all kinds of information technolog y fileds.It ?s a new technology enabling computers and human beings to interacte with each other.
4.2 What is multimedia teaching
What?s the multimedia teaching? The multimedia teaching is a process that teachers use reasonably the modern teaching media and combine harmoniously it with the traditional teaching methods. It uses the multimedia information to teach students and forms a reasonable structure of teaching. And it achieves the most effective teaching. Multimedia teaching model is one kind of brand-new teaching models. It is quite different from the traditional teaching model. It has a lot of superiorities comparing with the traditional teaching model. It is to encode teaching informations through multi-media,and then using computer which have multimedia capabilities to provide the informations to students.And completing various of tasks through interacting between computer and human beings.
4.3 The theory of multimedia teaching
Peage? s Construction Theory ：Peage said that the individual in his surrounding and interaction on each other , establishes the knowledge about the outside world step by step and develops his cognition . The interaction involves in
two processes --- “assimilation ” and“acclimation ” . The cognitive individual is just through the two forms to achieve the balance with his surrounding , and his knowledge structure can also be established and enriched in the cycle of “ balance ---unbalance --- new balance ” In the process of the multime dia teaching students can gain much resource information online which can do much good in students? assimication and acclimation . Thus their origin cognition of English can be established .
The theory of Jellif：Jellif said that the construction theory is the theory about knowledge essence.The construction theory thinks the world exists objectively , but everyone can decide his own theory and meaning of the world . We can construct our own realization with our ex perience . As everyone … s experience is different , so is the comprehension of the outside world . Therefore , constructivists pay more attention to how to use original experience , psychological structure and faith to construct one … s knowledge and emphasize the students? initiative , generality and individuality . They divide study into primary study and senior study and advocate that the teaching plans from primary study to senior study should be related closely to form a network and change the teaching to situational teaching .
The theory of Wigersge：Wigersge thinks that in the individual mental activity , there are differences in the ability to solve problems . But through teaching , the individual can eliminate the difference with the help of teachers . So , this difference is “ The most is close to send the exhibition region ”. In other words , the difference is the distance between developed level that individual solves the problems < the first level of development > and the potential level that the individual solves the problems with the help of teachers < the second level of development > . It is obvious that the state between the first and second level is decided by teaching . We can say teaching can create the “ The most is close to send the exhibition region ” .
5. The appearance of multimedia and teaching using multimedia
In English teaching, fully using multimedia is becoming a trend in recent years. Teaching materials also increasingly become Three-dimensional.Multimedia
program is solid information transport from which is made of graph,essay,painting,and sound. Its contents and information are plentiful. It?s very convenient and provides a initiative and condition. However, in the teaching process, we find that although multimedia teaching trains students?interest in study in some way, and increase their autonomy in learning English, but it can not guarantee the fully realization of communication between students themselves and the students with teachers. It doesn?t provide students a real communication environment.
5.1 The advertage of multimedia
With the multimedia technology and computer technology developed and integrated,computer media with such vivid images,sound and other multimedia effects have been more and more welcomed by teachers in various disciplines.The application of multimedia technology in the class can promote the high-density,fast-pace and more-information of class teaching,so that teachers have a condition to focus on training the thinking and application ability of students,transfer the energy to guide students,create the best learning environment for students to stimulate students a strong thirst for knowledge and initiative.So that students can accept and memorize new knowledge more easily,effectively improve the quality and efficiency of learning and gain the joy of success.
5.2 The advertage of using multimdia to support college English teaching
Using multimdia to support the teaching ,students can use hands,brains,eyes and ears at the same time. It gives students a sense of novelty,surprise,unique and intuition and arose students of the “emotion” and stimulate their interest.T o a certain extent,this situational learning promotes the migration of study,so that students can improve learning abilities in interactions.It meets the different learning requirements of different students.Students change from the “be imbued” state to the “independent” state,everyone independently controls their own learning process under the appropriate guide of computer.This interactive teach ing maintain students? interests in learning,create a favourable condition for students to join in the teaching on their own
and embody the main understanding role of students.To use muitimedia makes the classroom change from static to dynamic.It stimulate s students? interests in learning more easily,in order to shake off the shackles of traditional teaching methods and make students to become the masters of the classroom teaching.Through vivid pictures,simulated voice,students? thinking and the atmosphere of classroom become active immediately.Students also can master the major and difficult knowledge in happy atmosphere.The effective integration of information technology and teaching promotes the classroom teaching of more information,high density and fast rhythm.
The appearance of multimedia makes teachers have a great span in the teaching content when they have teaching activities.The span is that its knowledge points will not be limited to the main points of teaching when a teacher is teaching the conten t.It can break the shackles of “section” and melt together section and section.This teaching method has its unique adventages,it?s apt to enable students to recall knowledges learned in early time.It plays a role in the consolidation of knowledge.
Nothing is always perfect, it has its own faults more or less. The multimedia-teaching model is no exception. Thus, the modern teaching model also has its own flaws. Although the automotive function of students have been fully developed, and students? role have changed from the “servant” of learning to the “host” of learning in the multimedia English teaching, the teacher has still played important role in the procedure of teaching. Because the teacher can not be dominated by the regular model of players. And he ca nnot play the role of “player” and “actor”. He should be a “playwright-director”, “director” and “advisor”. What?s more, the teacher must change the role from the teacher to the designer of teaching.
But, in the concrete teaching processes, many teachers fell into the trap that they showed the network tools and the plan of text instead of the right teaching. Moreover, teacher put more energy to collect the information and show the teaching aids. What?s more, even some teachers let students watch the screen instead of communicating. It takes much of the whole class time to show the teaching aids and watch the screen. In other words, teachers take their main energy to design the
teaching plans. They change the classroom teaching into the teaching of network.
So, it lost the vitality and vigor of the traditional teaching models. Therefore, the combination of the multimedia teaching models and the traditional teaching models can meet the needs of the reformation and development of the modern English teaching system.
5.3 What we should pay attention to when we teach using multime dia
There are also some problems we should pay attention to when we teach uesing multimedia.
Firstly,we shouldn?t pursuit the form of coursewares and ignore the content of coursewares.A situation is always to emphasize the use of multimedia whether it is needed or not and can?t have lessons without multimedia.However the production of coursewares is oversimplified,or even very slipshod.There is no need to use multimedia when the teaching can be accomplished with few words.It is a waste of resources to misuse computer.Another situation is the coursewares are so gergeous that they influence the attention of students.Some teachers pay too much attention to the freshness of the teaching measure when design and form the multimedia teaching.They add too many animations and pictures,with the result that all things are in a mess.It causes that students only concentrate on the pictures and animations,but not concern about the knowledge on the screen and the teacher?s explainations.Thus,it cannot achieve the desired results.
Teaching content is the target of students? learning,the intermediary between teaching and learning and the object of teaching encoding,transmitting,receiving and feedback in teaching process.Therefore,optimal design of teaching content is one of the main links in optimizing instructional design.It should embody not only the content of knowledge structure,but slao the simplification of the knowledge structure.it?s necessary to throu ghly understand the teaching materials and read the teaching materials as more as possible.
The use of multimedia coursewares in the teaching requires teachers to filter with great care so that the media and content achieve the best
combination.Otherwise,it will not really play a supplementary role in teaching.
Secondly,we should not exaggerat the role of multimedia courseware and ignore the leading position of the https://www.doczj.com/doc/2217328284.html,ing multimedia courseware to support the English teaching cannot ignore the leading role of teachers.Some teachers regard multimedia as a panacea for improving teaching effect.They pursue and use the functions of multimedia without measure,which makes students feel that they are watching teacher acting.To use multimedia in English teaching is not impossible .This is one measure to implement teaching.,but it is not the only one.As a teacher,we should first hold our own leading position and fuction in teaching.Multimedia is a teaching tool,teachers can not just be a “guide” ,they should mak e multimedia to play the best teaching effects through the design of teaching process and flexible operation.Simultaneously,discuss the basic teaching law and requirement of multimedia in teaching from the connection between people and multimedia,so that the multimedia can take effect with a definite purpose under the control of teachers.
In addition,teachers should use the courseware flexibly to ensure that they use courseware timely and appropriately.Psychological research shows that,when people watch the screen ,their brain activities will slow down,after 20-minute radio shows that brain activity is in a sleep state,thinking activity is inhibited by the contents on th https://www.doczj.com/doc/2217328284.html,ing multimedia technology without measure in the process of teaching will lower students? learning initiative,imagination and abstract thinking ability instead.Thus,in addition to well-organized activities in the class,teachers also need to pay attention to some details,such as leaving the console and getting into the crowd of students to communicate with them silently through eyes and body language,controlling the rhythm to switch according to the change of students? mood,teaching and asking questions timely and speaking in a humour way.
There are six respects to combine multimedia teaching with English teaching:A.The effective combination of multimedia t eaching and teachers ? s ideas : The application of multimedia teaching can let teachers present their own teaching ideas and methods greatly . Teachers can choose the most appropriate teaching method to organize teaching efficiently according to their own teaching plan . From
the traditional teaching to multimedia teaching , teachers can not just copy teaching plan , but to design an intuitional and vivid course . Teachers should design their own teaching plans in which their teaching ideas , teaching methods must be embodied .B.The effective combination of multimedia teaching and teaching content: It is important that teachers have a definite teaching target in multimedia teaching . It is significant to create a teaching environment , choose the teaching net and adjust activity〈林杏红，2002〉.Teachers should choose the right teaching technique and know how to present it to students according to the character of teaching content . Meanwhile , teachers should try to use information online to serve for the teaching content . The general principle is using multimedia pattern of language , letter , figure to display clearly the content and it is unnecessary to spend time collecting film data.
C. The effective combination of multimedia teaching and the teachers ? dominant role. In teaching , teacher ? s personality and vivid explanation can stimulate students? interest . They can participate in teaching activities actively . Therefore , the teaching result should be good . The good result of teaching can do much good to student? s mentality . As a result , they will be more interested in new teaching content . From this we can see multimedia teaching is just an assisting method . Teachers are still the dominators in the teaching process .
D.The effective combination of multimedia teaching and other teaching tools: The teaching method that makes students become the host of teaching is liked by all the teachers . In the process of teaching , teachers should conduct students to think , discuss and answer the questions through multimedia teaching system , not limit their thought . Meanwhile , it is needed to change the habit of study and to do the preparation and review to adapt teaching .
E. The effective combination of multimedia teaching and other kind of teaching measures: The relation between multimedia teaching and traditional teaching should be complementary . It is unrealistic to think that multimedia teaching can replace the traditional teaching completely . After using multimedia teaching for the first time , some teachers ignore the function of other teaching measures , such as the material object , briefing and so on . So teachers should choose the suitable media and measure according to the need of teaching , and try to bring into play each as possiple as they
can. F. The effective combination of multimedia teaching and every kind of multimedia network: The birth of the net helps establish , store , spread and apply information . The information resource it provides can give teaching many vivid materials . As the result , teachers and students can use the net resource to improve English teaching effect .
Conclusion:
In a word , multimedia teaching is entering school and class step by step , with its rich content and vivid forms we can construct a new teaching mode . Teachers should make good use of the chance to arouse student … s interest in their study and stimulate their initiative . We must use the effective combination of multimedia teaching and English teaching to help our teaching , to improve the teaching effect.
Bibliography:
[1] 周燕. 《外语教学与研究》.[J]. 2002-（6）
[2] 蔡基刚.《大学英语发展史上的两个新突破》.[J]中国外语 2004-（1）
[3] 蔡基刚，武世兴.《引进网络多媒体技术，改革传统的教学模式》.[J]外语
界，2003-（6）：2—7.
[4] 何克杭.《建构主义---革新传统教学的理论基础》1997-（3—4）.
[5] 郑海棠.《关于大学英语课培训语言能力等情况的研究》[J].《外语界》，1999
[6] 林杏红. 计算机多媒体网络辅助教学在英语教学中的应用.《二十一世纪中国
教育改革论坛》，2002。
[7] Widdowson HG..Teaching Language as Communication [M].上海：上海外语教
育出版社，1990.
[8] Estaire,S. & J. Zanon (1994). Planning Classwork. [M].Oxford:Oxford University
Press
[9] Benson P. Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning [M]. London:
Longman, 1997.
[10] Brown, H. D. Teaching by principles: An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy [M]. NJ: Prentice Hall Regents，1994.
[11] Holec, Henri,.Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning [M]. Oxford:
Pergamon Press, 1981.
[12] Johnson, K., & Johnson H. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics: A
Handbook for Language Teaching. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1999. [13] Larsen-Freeman, D.Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching(2nd
ed.)[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
[14] Marton, W. Methods in English Language Teaching: Frameworks and Options
[M]. Cambridge: Prentice Hall International Ltd, 1988.
[15] Stern, H. H. Issues and Options in Language Teaching[M]. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1992.
[16] Widdowson, H. G.. Aspects of Language Teaching [M]. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1990.
什么是淘宝直通车，具体怎么做直通车 淘宝直通车是淘宝上的一种收费推广方式，按点击率来扣费的，这个能把你店铺的宝贝展示到买家搜索的第一页，效果很不错，但是也很烧钱；新店不建议做直通车，因为大多数新店都会亏钱；可以等店铺有一钻信誉后再尝试做淘宝直通车试试。 如有不懂的问题可以来咨询娟娟老师，娟娟老师可随时为你解答各种网店相关的疑问。 想开网店的话可以加娟娟老师微信或QQ，娟娟老师免费教新手开网店 如何找到娟娟老师的联系方式： （在电脑上的话，点击右侧【进入官网】即可看到娟娟老师的QQ和微信） （在手机上的话，点击左下角【访问官网】即可看到娟娟老师的QQ和微信） （“进入官网”旁边的电话是我的手机号，由于打电话的人太多，无法一一接听，所以请大家加我微信交谈， 手机号就是我的微信号） 自我介绍下：我叫黎娟娟，江苏南京人，89年的，大家都叫我娟娟老师。本人到目前为止网店已经开了有八九年了，经验非常丰富，收入也颇丰，每个月都有三万以上收入。现在我主要当网店老师专门教新手开网店。（当初我也是从新手一步步过来的，从最初月收入两千多，到第二个月的五千多，到第三个月的近一万，再到现在每月稳定在三万以上，经历了很多风雨，并积累了丰富经验）所以我很清楚新手如何才能把网店开成功。想开网店的话可以加我哦，免费教新手开网店。 附上一张本人照片，让大家认识下 开网店有两个关键：①找到稳定可靠的货源；②做好店铺的推广营销和活动；打算开淘宝网店的话，要把重点放在找货源和做推广营销上面！关于推广营销这个方面，大家可以加娟娟老师QQ或微信，来我这边学习经验，免费提供教学。 至于货源的话，由于大多数新手自己都没有货源，所以我在这篇文章下面重点跟新手们讲讲如何找货源。其实找货源并不难，但关键是要找到稳定可靠的货源才行！那怎样才能找到稳定可靠的货源呢？为了很好的解决这个问题，娟娟老师推荐新手使用商为开店软件来提供货源，为何要推荐用这个软件提供货源？下面跟大家详细介绍下这个软件作用就知道了【需要软件的话请联系娟娟老师】。
淘宝直通车新手入门教程 l新手入门第一课――广告位与竞价词 一.广告位 让我们来亲身感受一下什么是直通车的广告!按我的步骤来一起操作一下哦,Go 1. 首先打开淘宝首页,在搜索框输入”风衣”这个词,点击搜索按钮,显示搜索页面 2. 往右上角看,有一个掌柜热荐的位置,下面有5个广告位,这是直通车的广告位 3. 把页面拉到最底端,会看到三个大图,这三个也是直通车的广告位 以上的步骤可以演示为下图,红色框的为直通车广告位. 1. 2.
3. 二.竞价词 这些卖家的广告为什么会出现在这里呢? 因为他们都设置了风衣这个竞价词 那竞价词又是什么呢? 就是买家输入这个词搜索，你的广告就能出现。 就像百度的搜索,如果信息符合被搜索的关键词,这条信息就会出现,在直通车,我们把这个关键词称为竞价词. 比如你希望买家输入“风衣”这个词，他就可以在我们的广告位上看见你的宝贝，那么“风衣”就是你要设置的竞价词。
新手入门第二课——收费与排名原则 大家都知道,直通车是一个收费的产品,那到底是怎么收费呢? 多少钱一天还是有包月还是其他收费方式呢? 直通车不是按时间收费的,它的收费方式是:按点击收费 广告展示在广告位上了,我们不收费,只有当买家对您的宝贝感兴趣,点击了您的宝贝,才会有费用产生.所以广告展示跟时间无关，只和余额、日最高限额和定时投放有关（第三课有详细讲解）。 点一次多少钱呢? 每次点击最少1毛钱 那最多呢? 最多多少钱是您自己设置的,您设置的高,扣的钱就多,设置的低就扣的少. 大家都喜欢设置的低,可以少扣点,那设置的高和低有什么区别呢?(排名规则) 比如”风衣”这个词,有20个人买了这个词,但是第一页只有5个人广告位,谁排在前面呢?这时候就需要看谁对”风衣”这个词的出价高,出价越高,排位越前,当然排位越前的每次点击扣的费用也越多. 这个出价就是竞价词的价格 扣钱是从我的支付宝账户扣还是有什么其他方式呢? 是从直通车账户扣款的,首次充值直通车最少500元,按点击扣费,没有任何服务费用,也没有使用期限
49. 直接复制选区 按住选择工具、直接选 择工具或编组选择工具 + Alt 键并进行拖动* 50. 直接复制并偏移选区 Alt + 向左箭头键、向右箭头键、向上箭头键或向下箭头键 51. 直接复制选区并将其偏移 10 倍** Alt + Shift + 向左箭头键、向右箭头键、向上箭头键、向下箭头键 52. 移动选区** 向左箭头键、向右箭头键、向上箭头键、向下箭头键 53. 将选区移动 1/10** Ctrl + Shift + 向左箭头键、向右箭头键、向上箭头键、向下箭头键 54. 将选区移动 10 倍** Shift + 向左箭头键、向右箭头键、向上箭头键、向下箭头键 55. 从文档页面中选择主页项目 按住选择工具或直接选择工具 + Ctrl + Shift 键单击 56. 选择后一个或前一个对象 按住选择工具 + Ctrl 键单击，或者按住选择工具 + Alt + Ctrl 键单击 57. 在文章中选择下一个或上一个框架 Alt + Ctrl + Page Down/Page Up 58. 在文章中选择第一个或最后一个框架 Shift + Alt + Ctrl + Page Down/Page Up 59. *按 Shift 键可以在 45° 角方向上移动。60. ** 调整量在“编辑”>“首选项”>“单位和增量”(Windows) 61. 变换对象的快捷键 62. 直接复制并变换选 区 按住变换工具 + Alt 键并进行拖动* 63. 显示变换工具对话框 选择对象并双击工具箱中的缩放工具、旋转工具或切变工具 64. 将比例减少 1% Ctrl + , 65. 将比例减少 5% Ctrl + Alt + , 66. 将比例增加 1% Ctrl + . 67. 将比例增加 5% Ctrl + Alt + . 68. 调整框架和内容的大 小 按住选择工具 + Ctrl 键并进行拖动 69. 按比例调整框架和内容的大小 按住选择工具+Shift+Ctrl 键并进行拖动 70. 约束比例 按住椭圆工具、多边形工具或矩形工具 + Shift 键并进行拖动 71. 将图像从“高品质显示”切换为“快速显示” Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Z 72. *选择变换工具以后，按住鼠标按钮，然后按住 Alt 键 (Windows) 73. 用于编辑路径和框架的快捷键 74. 临时选择转换方向点工具 直接选择工具 + Alt + Ctrl，或钢笔工具 + Alt 75. 在“添加锚点工具”和“删除锚点工具”之间临时切换 Alt 76. 临时选择添加锚点工具 剪刀工具 + Alt 77. 当指针停留在路径或锚点上时，使钢笔工具保持选中状态 钢笔工具 + Shift 78. 绘制过程中移动锚点和手柄 钢笔工具 + 空格键 79. 显示描边面板 F10 80. 用于表的快捷键 81. 拖动时插入或删除行或列 首先拖动行或列的边框，然后在拖动时按住 Alt 键 82. 在不更改表大小的情况下调整行或列的 1. 首页 / 使用 InDesign CS5 / 键盘快捷键 2. 选择“窗口”>“实用程序”>“工具提示”，然后选择一个工具来查看该工具的快捷键和修改键。 3. 工具 Windows 4. 选择工具 V, Esc 5. 直接选择工具 A 6. 切换选择工具和直接选择工具 Ctrl + Tab 7. 页面工具 Shift+P 8. 间隙工具 U 9. 钢笔工具 P 10. 添加锚点工具 = 11. 删除锚点工具 - 12. 转换方向点工具 Shift + C 13. 文字工具 T 14. 路径文字工具 Shift + T 15. 钢笔工具（附注工具） N 16. 直线工具 \ 17. 矩形框架工具 F 18. 矩形工具 M 19. 椭圆工具 L 20. 旋转工具 R 21. 缩放工具 S 22. 切变工具 O 23. 自由变换工具 E 24. 吸管工具 I 25. 度量工具 K 26. 渐变工具 G 27. 剪刀工具 C 28. “抓手”工具 H 29. 临时选择“抓手”工具 空格键（“版面”模式）、Alt 键（“文本”模式）或 Alt + 空格键（两种模式） 30. 缩 31. 工具 Z 32. 临时选择放大工具 C trl + 空格键 33. 切换填色和描边 X 34. 互换填色和描边 Shift + X 35. 在“格式针对容器”和“格式针对文本”之间切换 J 36. 应用颜色 , [逗号] 37. 应用渐变 . [句点] 38. 不应用任何颜色 / 39. 在“正常视图”和“预览模式”之间切换 W 40. 框架网格工具（水平） Y 41. 框架网格工具（垂直） Q 42. 渐变羽化工具 Shift + G 43. 用于选择和移动对象的快捷键 44. 临时选择“选择工具”或“直接选择工具”（上次 所用工具） 任何工具（选择工具除外）+ Ctrl 45. 临时选择编组选择工具 直接选择工具 + Alt；或者钢笔工具、添加锚点工具或删除锚点工具 + Alt + Ctrl 46. 选择所选内容的容器 Esc 或双击 47. 选择所选容器的内容 Shift+Esc 或双击 48. 向多对象选区中添加对象或从中删除对象 按住选择工具、直接选择工具或编组选择工具 + Shift 键单击（要取消选择，请单击中心点）
《网店美工视觉设计实战教程（全彩微课版）》 教学大纲 一、课程信息 课程名称：网店美工：店铺装修+图片美化+页面设计+运营推广（全彩微课版） 课程类别：素质选修课/专业基础课 课程性质：选修/必修 计划学时：21 计划学分：2 先修课程：无 选用教材：《网店美工视觉设计实战教程（全彩微课版）》，何晓琴编著，2018年；人民邮电出版社出版教材； 适用专业：本书可作为有志于或者正在从事淘宝美工相关职业的人员学习和参考，也可作为高等院校电子商务相关课程的教材。 课程负责人： 二、课程简介 随着网店的迅速普及和全民化，衍生了“淘宝美工”这个针对网店页面视觉设计的新兴行业。本书从淘宝美工的角度出发，为淘宝卖家提供全面、实用、快速的店铺视觉设计与装修指导。主要包括网店美工基础、图片调色、图片修饰、店铺首页核心模块设计、详情页视觉设计、页面装修、视觉营销推广图制作等，最后针对无线端进行首页、详情页视觉的设计与装修。本书内容层层深入，并通过丰富的实例为读者全方面介绍淘宝美工在日常工作中所需的知识和技能，有效地引导读者进行淘宝店铺装修的学习。 本课程主要对淘宝美工的设计基础和方法进行详细介绍，通过学习该课程，使学生了解网店美工的基本要求，以及掌握网店的设计与制作。 三、课程教学要求
体描述。“关联程度”栏中字母表示二者关联程度。关联程度按高关联、中关联、低关联三档分别表示为“H”“M”或“L”。“课程教学要求”及“关联程度”中的空白栏表示该课程与所对应的专业毕业要求条目不相关。 四、课程教学内容
五、考核要求及成绩评定 注：此表中内容为该课程的全部考核方式及其相关信息。 六、学生学习建议 （一）学习方法建议 1. 理论配合实战训练进行学习，提高学生的实战动手能力； 2. 在条件允许的情况下，可以申请一个网店，进行深入学习； 3. 提高学生的是设计感和审美能力; （二）学生课外阅读参考资料 《网店美工：店铺装修+图片美化+页面设计+运营推广（全彩微课版）》，何晓琴编著，2018年，人民邮电出版社合作出版教材
在对淘宝直通车的运作模式和基础操作有了一定的了解后，就该进行淘宝直通车实战了。一大把服装圈为网友们带来《淘宝直通车技巧篇》，希望可以让广大网友更好的掌握淘宝直通车的技巧从而更好的进行推广活动。 我们知道，直通车搜索的原则是当卖家设置的词和买家搜索的词完全一样的时候，才会展示宝贝的广告。所以说，给宝贝设置竞价词是至关重要的。直接影响到您的推广效果。有的掌柜会问，那我该怎么设置竞价词？设置竞价词的思路是什么呢？ 淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 设置竞价词一定要站在买家的角度去考虑，您要买这件宝贝的适合，会用些什么样的词搜索。要把浏览量大的词和浏览量小的词结合起来推广。浏览量大的词排名不要很前面（除非产品很有优势），浏览量小的词一定要排在前面，否则出现的机会就更少了。 设置竞价词的基本原则是：您要从买家的角度去考虑，如果我是买家，我要搜索这件宝贝要输入哪些关键词呢？
淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 首先，第一点，宝贝名称，从您宝贝的名称中提炼出来关键词来作为宝贝的竞价词。 第二点，宝贝详情里的属性词，宝贝详情是我们在编辑宝贝信息的时候抓取出来的关键信息，也是买家十分关注的，所以说用宝贝详情里的属性词作为宝贝的竞价词是十分明智的。 第三点，名称词和属性词里面的组合词。这些词相对比较精确，买家的购买欲望也十分强。 淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 总结了设置竞价词的思路，我们再来看一个例子。图中展示的是一件韩版风衣，它的宝贝详情已经给大家列出来了。包括它的价格，颜色，品牌以及风格。各位掌柜，您看到这件宝贝的话你会设置哪些竞价词呢？
淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 首先，第一点，宝贝的名称词中我们可以用“风衣”这个竞价词。 第二点，宝贝详情里面的属性词，我们可以用双排扣、韩版、淑女、绿色、长款等等作为竞价词。 第三点，在宝贝名称和宝贝详情的组合词中，我们可以用韩版风衣，双排扣风衣等作为关键词。
Indesign基础授课人：张磊 首先，在开始学习前需要知道的： 1、indesign主要是用来为图文类的书、杂志等成册的印刷品排版的软件 2、我们一般用indesign来排书的内文而不做封面（封面文件用illustrator做），indesign相当于一本书，里面会显示所有的页面，一般来说，第一页是书正文右边的页面，从第二页开始，就是对页显示） 3、我们在排版过程中，一般来说，做的最多的就是置入图片、置入文字内容、做一定的装饰性的图形或字符、制作页码、页眉。通过你自己的设计、编排来实现协调、有秩序、有美感的版面。（这其中核心的内容就是对图片的大小、位置进行编辑，有时还需要对图片进行裁切或者效果的编辑；对文字的字体、大小、字的间距、行间距等进行设计和编辑；做一些创意性的装饰图纹等） 一、【新建文档】 这里可以设置页面的大小、页数 如果初次设置的页数不够的话，也没关系，在窗口中的“页面”中可以右键“插入页面”or“删除跨页“来修改。 新建文档
二、【设置边距和分栏】 设置边距主要就是要设置好‘版心’（即版面内文主体）所占的面积边距就是版心距离裁切边上、下、左、右的距离 这里可以设置栏数和栏间距，这个不用讲，你设置一下就明白了 设置边距分栏
对页 图中所表示的就是一个对页的样子 最外边的红色线是出血线，我们所有的出血的图都要做到这个边线才可以， 目前我们看到的这个页面是分2栏的栏间距是5毫米。 这些线条都是辅助我们排版对齐用的，如果你想看排好后的效果，可以用control+: 来看到没有辅助线的版面～ 合适的版心是需要耐心去调整的，有时候只是1、2毫米的差别整体的效果就会很不一样。设计版心的时候一要考虑文字量的大小，二要考虑整本书的图片量，在最初就对正本书图文关系有一个统一的规划。 有些书为了版式的新颖和体现书的独特风格于气质，运用比较特殊的版心，例如天（上边距大）特别开的占到1／3页面的，或者版心在一个页面的左侧或右侧，留下一部分空白等等，这些都需要你去设计和不断的尝试，所有的设计都没有完全固定的标准，力求做到方便阅读、适合、美观。
开拼多多场景推广的话，首先要有基础销量，还要有个不错的转化率。场景推广是很容易产生爆款的，曝光也高，但前提是你对拼多多各方面有所了解、有一定推广基础才行。 概说： 首先，我们先弄明白拼多多场景推广的展示以及扣费规则： 排名规则： 综合排名=商品质量分广告出价。 商品质量分=点击率转化率销量交易额。 扣费规则： 扣费=（下一位的出价*下一位的商品素材点击率）/自己的商品素材点击率+0.01元。 单次点击扣费，重复点击虚假点击系统会过滤，不计扣费。 定向： 1. 全体人群：所有普通用户 2. 访客重定向：浏览或购买过我的店内商品的用户。 3. 相似商品定向：浏览或购买过相似商品的用户。 4. 叶子类目定向：近期有推广商品所属叶子类目行为的用户。 5. 相似店铺定向：近期对我的店铺的竞品店铺感兴趣的用户。 6. 兴趣点：近期对我的商品相关属性感兴趣的用户。(最多设置5个定向点）。 资源位： 1. 基础流量包：默认包含以下3个展示资源位 2. 类目商品页：推广商品将展示在拼多多商城类目标签页、搜索标签页下方的商品列表中 3. 商品详情页：推广商品将展示在拼多多商城商品详情页为你推荐下方的商品列表中（相似商品） 4. 营销活动页：推广商品将展示在拼多多营销活动页面下方的商品列表中，包括多多果园、边逛边赚、现金签到页、天天领现金、拼多多微信公众号； ---开始正题--- 一. 排名权重与优化： 1. 场景一样有排名权重区分的。如何获得一个号的排名，这个就需要针对商品做出一定的优化。并且要了解场景排名权重的核心环节。 场景排名核心： 场景计划权重--开设每一个计划都有一定的计划权重分，具体是按照改个计划内所有商品的质量分与投入计算所得。 商品质量分--通俗的说法按照以下权重划分：点击率—转化率—产出—订单量—产出比。------这里面对于出价的标准就看你商品的质量分是否够高。 上述两个点是最为基础并且最主要的两个核心，只要懂这些核心内容才能提高场景的排名。 2. 优化推广内容： 计划以5天为一个优化周期，将所有定向与兴趣点5个选择，资源位全选；溢价标准以每个所需推广位置皆有曝光。分别记录每个的曝光量，点击数，点击率，订单量和投产比。5天结束后，记录下每日的点击率、转化率。横向对比你的点击率。根据记录的数据去分析，将曝光量大且点击数点击率高的组合开设一个新的计划。 二．实操： 1. 将优化做好后，直接进入降低出价的步骤。 上述说过排名权重的几个要点，其中我们需要注意的是点击率，这里因为有了上面的数据，
应用技巧类(D) Q: (D001) 使用InDesign 过程中修改了一些偏好设定，如果要回复到安装InDesign 时的原预设设定，该如何操作？ A: 退出InDesign ，重新启动InDesign ，同时按下[Ctrl/Commnad] + [Shift] + [Alt]键，会弹出提问窗口：是否要删除InDesign 偏好设定档案？按下“是”则可删除使用过程中储存的偏好设定档案，回复到安装InDesign 时的原预设设定状态。 Q: (D002) 我在排版过程中，经常要用到一些相同的字体、字号、度量单位、笔画粗细等。每次都要做一些重复的操作，非常麻烦。如何预先设定并储存这些共享的设定，提高排版效率？ A: 开启InDesign ，在未开启任何文檔（包括新建）之前，在字符面板字体列表中选取相应的字体及其大小，在“偏好设定”中选取相应的度量单位……完成上述操作后，这些设定就可预先储存下来，直至下次修改。（注：如果做上述设定时开启了某个文檔，则这些预设定就只能随该文檔储存，对其他或新建的文檔没有作用。） Q: (D003) 在排版中常用的工具箱、面板等占去了不少屏幕位置，给预视版面效果造成不便，有没有办法隐藏它们，需要时又可以快速地显示出来呢？ A: 有，按下[ Tab ] 键即可将屏幕上已开启的面板及工具箱隐藏起来，只显示主要的菜单和已开启的文檔；再次按下[ Tab ] 键则又会重新显示（注意：按下[ Tab ] 键之前确保当前所选工具不是文字工具）。 Q: (D004) 在排版时经常要选用手形工具滚动版面查看或编辑文檔，如何快速将当前所选工具切换成手形工具呢？ A: 按下[ 空格键] 当前所选工具图标（文字工具例外）即变为手形工具图标，用户即可用之滚动版面，松开[ 空格键]又回复成原工具图标。（注意：按下空格键之前确保当前所选工具不是文字工具。处于文字工具状态时必须按下Alt键才会切换成手形工具，否则将在文稿框中插入空格。） Q: (D005) 如何利用鼠标中间的滚轮翻阅版面？ A: 在翻阅较大的版面时，通常可以利用鼠标中间的滚轮上下滚动屏幕。如果在滚动时按下[ Alt ]键，则可以水平方向滚动屏幕；按下[ Ctrl ]键则可以将整个版面以中心点为原点进行放大或缩小。 Q: (D006) 利用字符、段落样式面板窗口下端的“创建新样式”按钮新增样式时，可以自动调出样式选项窗口吗？
Adobe的In Design是一个定位于专业排版领域的全新软件，虽然出道较晚，但在功能上反而更加完美与成熟。In Desig n博众家之长，从多种桌面排版技术汲取精华，如将QuarkXPress和Corel — Ventura （著名的Corel公司的一款排版软件）等高度结构化程序方式与较自然化的PageMaker方式相结合，为杂志、书籍、广告等灵活多 变、复杂的设计工作提供了一系列更完善的排版功能，尤其该软件是基于一个创新的、 面向对象的开放体系（允许第三方进行二次开发扩充加入功能），大大增加了专业设计人员用排版工具软件表达创意和观点的能力，功能强劲不逊于QuarkXPress，比之PageMaker则更是性能卓越；此外 Adobe与高术集团、启旋科技合作共同开发了中文 In Design，全面扩展了 In Desig n适应中文排版习惯的要求，功能直逼北大方正集团（FOUNDER的集成排版软件飞腾（FIT），可见，In Desig n的确非同一般。 所谓版面编排设计就是把已处理好的文字、图像图形通过赏心悦目的安排，以达到突出主题为目的。因此在编排期间，文字处理是影响创作发挥和工作效率的重要环节，是否能够灵活处理文字显得非常关键，In Desig n在这方面的优越性则表现得淋漓尽致，主要体现在以下几点： 1.文字块具有灵活的分栏功能，一般在报纸、杂志等编排时，文字块的放置非常灵 活，经常要破栏（即不一定非要按版面栏辅助线排文），这时如果此独立文字块不能分栏，就会影响编排思路和效率。而PageMaker却偏偏不具有这一简单实用的功能， 而是要靠一系列非常烦琐步骤去实现：文字块先依据版面栏辅助线分栏，然后再用增效工具中的“均衡栏位”齐平，最后再成组以便更改文字块的大小时不影响等同的各 栏宽等等。而In Design就具有灵活的分栏功能，单这点上就与一直强于PageMaker 的QuarkXPress和FIT站在了同一水平线上。 2.文字块和文字块中的文字具有神奇的填色和勾边功能，In Desig n可给文字块中的文字填充实地色或渐变色，而且可给此文字勾任意粗的实地色或渐变色的边。同时，对此文字块也可给予实地色或渐变色的背景，文字块边框可勾任意粗的实地色或渐变 色的边框，这样烦琐的步骤，In Desig n用其快捷的功能可一气呵成，而 PageMaker 单靠其“文字背景”功能是完不成的，甚至得借助其它软件来实现，就连QuarkX—Press也只能望其项背。特别是文字块和文字块中的文字的渐变色勾边这一功能，也只有FIT可与其抗衡。 3.文字块内的文字大小变化灵活，当我们进行编排时，往往会遇到想对某段文字块 中的某些文字作一些特别强调，如大小、长短变化等等，In Desig n就为您提供了这一方便功能。InDe — sign可让文字块内的文字在 XY轴方向改变大小且可任意倾斜，而PageMaker文字块中的文字却只能在 X轴方向改变，更不能倾斜。更神奇的是 In Desig n中整个文字块可用“缩放键”放大和缩小（其中文字也相应放大和缩小），这项绘图软件特有优秀的功能被In Desig n引进，从而大大减少了由于版面变化而改 变版式的工作量，提高了工作效率。而PageMaker却只能望尘莫及，老老实实的从改变字号大小开始重新安排版面，费时费力。 4.文字块的文字在间距控制上更自由，一般在排文时常常会遇到文字块最后一栏的最后一行不能与前面栏的最后一行平齐等等问题，这时可能就需要调整字距 （Tracki ng ）来实现了。In Design的文字字距可简单的通过设定任意的数值来调整，
1：定位和利润决定淘宝店的生死！ 这个定位和利润写在所有营销之前，因为这是重中之重！(产品是最基本核心和基础） 基本上可以一句话说：店铺的定位决定你的店铺生死！ 我所说的定位分两种： 1.定位市场细分化 2.定位低端还是中高端客户 何谓细分市场，这是一个比较大的话题，涉及到区域，客户特殊需求，性别，年龄，职业… 这里不说这些，我简单的举两个例子，对大家理解更好更有帮助。 例如做减肥产品—中药减肥产品—针对女性中药减肥产品—针对产后女性中药减肥产品… 为什么要定位细分市场？ 1.细分市场竞争更低更能满足客户需求 2.细分市场跳出了同质化 3.细分市场才是打造网货品牌的地方 这里说的另一个定位直接简单分为定位低端客户还是定位中高端客户利润就不用说了，高利润和低利润，很简单定位中高端客户直接意味着高利润 我要求大家的是尽量定位中高端客户！ 为什么要定位中高端客户？ 1.定位中高端客户的高利润为你以后的推广路子！低端客户的低利润直
接卡死你以后的推广路子，直通车，钻石展位，超级麦霸，聚划算，谷歌竞价广告（和这些基本绝缘）淘宝数据显示2010年电子商务的流量成本是以前的4倍，直接体现在淘宝！25元直通车点击 2.你的低端客户低价策略，在淘宝这个变态的平台总有比你更低的没有最低只有更低，求低价客户需要的是更低价的 3.低端客户要求更多，相反中高端客户反而更好伺候 4.中高端客户的回头购买次数更多 5.中高端客户带给你关键的东西更多利润 6.做中高端客户才有可能打造出网货品牌（七格格麦包包绿盒子…)不可能要求所有店铺都定位中高端，但是有一点是肯定的，你定位低端的话，基本前途很有限了。尤其是淘宝流量不断从C 店剥夺的大势下。淘宝的流量价格在不断的飙升！ 我所希望的是至少看了我这个课程的朋友尽量好好想想你自己店铺的定位，看是否要做出改变！ 2：淘宝营销的本质是什么？！ 淘宝营销的本质到底是什么？ 很多人说流量，有人说营销推广，总感觉不够本质 淘宝购物客户的特点是什么？ 对比购买，从一大堆找到的宝贝中选择一个自己中意的成交,正因为淘宝购物客户的购物对比的天性基因，所以我们卖家的营销也一定要对比的
Indesign教案 第一讲Indesign的概述 一.简介 1.由美国的adobe公司与1999年9月1日推出一个创新的排版设计软件Indesign。 2.Adobe InDesign是一个全新的，宣告针对艺术排版的程序，提供给图像设计师、产品包 装师和印前专家。 3.它能够制作几乎所有出版物，从书籍、手册到传单、广告、书信、外包装以至PDF电子 出版物和HTML网页，几乎无所不能。 4.与其它软件的区别：1）QuarkXPress曾经是全球范围内公认的优秀排版软件。但对于中文 用户来，昂贵的价格、缓慢的版本升级速度、缺少学习途径和参考资料、缺乏技术支持和后期服务（如输出）等因素，限制了Quark的普及，使得Quark的应用基本局限在一些不得不使用Quark的用户中间（如一些跨国企业或需要处理来自国外的Quark文件的用户）。 2）虽然Freehand支持多页面排版，但它甚至没有在排版中最为基本的自动页码；同样，Freehand也只有段落样式，而没有字符样式。因此，在排多页面的文档（如杂志、书籍）时，Freehand并不是一个高效率的工具。 3）PageMaker在相当长一段时间内都是杂志排版最主要的应用软件。不过，它在各方面的缺陷几乎每个人都了如指掌。 二.启动与界面布局： 1.启动：开始—程序—Adobe InDesign 2.界面布局：标题栏、菜单栏、属性栏、工具箱、浮动调板、泊槽（窗口）、绘图区 3.注意： . 按tab键可以隐藏或显示工具箱、属性栏、浮动调板、泊槽；按shift+tab可以隐藏或显示除工具箱和属性栏外的其他浮动调板。 . 按alt键并单击工具，可以在隐藏工具和非隐藏工具间切换。 ●. 常规模式和预览模式可以通过w在他们之间切换。 三.基本操作 1.新建：ctrl+n . 页数：最多为9999页。 . 对页: 选择此选项可以使双页面跨页中的左右页面彼此相对。 ● . 主页文本框架: 选择此选项，将创建一个与边距参考线内的区域大小相同的文本框架，并与所指定的栏设置相匹配。此主页文本框架将被添加到主页A 中。 ? .页面大小：共有23种纸张类型。可以编辑宽度与高度。页面方向与装订方式。 页面最小为4.233毫米*4.233毫米。最大为5486.4毫米*5486.4毫米。 ? .出血：出血区域用于对齐对象扩展到文档裁切线外的部分。出血区域使您可以打印排列在已定义页面大小边缘外部的对象。 ? .辅助信息区：辅助信息区域用于显示打印机说明、签字区域文档的其他相关信息。将文档裁切为最终页面大小时，辅助信息区将被裁掉。 ? .边距与分栏 ? .版面网格：InDesign 的版面网格与传统版式纸页面设计的区别在于，可以根据需要修改基准字体大小、描边宽度、页面数和其他元素，以创建自定版面。 页面设置:文件—页面设置(ctrl+alt+p) 2.打开：ctrl+o 3.置入：ctrl+d （置入图片的格式：AI.PSD.TIFF.JPEG.BMP.PDF.DCS.EPS.PICT.WMF.EMF.PCX.PNG.SCT）
一、InDesign简介 对于国内的MAC和PC普通用户来说，在印前设计专业领域中使用最广泛的排版软件是Adobe公司的PageMaker，但这并非说明PageMaker是最优秀的。Quark公司的QuarkXPress（欧美大部分国家地区使用其）和北大方正集团（FOUNDER）的飞腾（FIT）在专业性能上比PageMaker更胜一筹，只是由于种种因素而使得这两种软件得不到广泛应用。例如，Quark公司一直以来投放的重点不是中国国内，因此简体中文MAC版升级慢，PC版本更是少见；而方正飞腾（FIT）主要是配合北大方正集团开发的另外一些软件专攻报社、出版社等具有连贯性、系统性的大型对象，另外FIT的后端照排输出也有局限性，即FIT的PS文件只能在昂贵的方正RIP上输出等等，所以普通用户才不得不使用升级快、输出方便但功能不能让专业人士满意的PageMaker。 由于PageMaker是Adobe公司原先从Aldus公司继承过来的，其核心技术相对陈旧，存在许多缺点，单凭PageMaker击败QuarkXPress 在印前设计专业领域长期占一席之地，显然是不可能的，于是Adobe 公司另辟蹊径在１９９９年９月１日发布了一个功能更强大的排版软件，作为其１０年来在排版领域受Quark公司压制的反击和完全实现其桌面出版系统龙头老大的位置，这个创新的排版软件就是InDesign。 InDesign博众家之长，从多种桌面排版技术汲取精华，如将
QuarkXPress和Corel－Ventura（著名的Corel 公司的一款排版软件）等高度结构化程序方式与较自然化的PageMaker方式相结合，为杂志、书籍、广告等灵活多变、复杂的设计工作提供了一系列更完善的排版功能，尤其该软件是基于一个创新的、面向对象的开放体系（允许第三方进行二次开发扩充加入功能），大大增加了专业设计人员用排版工具软件表达创意和观点的能力，功能强劲不逊于QuarkXPress，比之PageMaker则更是性能卓越；此外Adobe与高术集团、启旋科技合作共同开发了中文InDesign，全面扩展了InDesign适应中文排版习惯的要求，功能直逼北大方正集团（FOUNDER）的集成排版软件飞腾（FIT），可见，InDesign的确非同一般。 二、InDesign的优点 所谓版面编排设计就是把已处理好的文字、图像图形通过赏心悦目的安排，以达到突出主题为目的。因此在编排期间，文字处理是影响创作发挥和工作效率的重要环节，是否能够灵活处理文字显得非常关键，InDesign在这方面的优越性则表现得淋漓尽致，下面通过在版面编排设计时的一些典型的例子加以说明。 １．文字块具有灵活的分栏功能，一般在报纸、杂志等编排时，文字块的放置非常灵活，经常要破栏（即不一定非要按版面栏辅助线排文），这时如果此独立文字块不能分栏，就会影响编排思路和效率。
那些被高手隐瞒的直通车绝密技巧 上官七七现在淘宝直通车开车的技巧，很多的人都讲过，综合所述，内容无非就是设置关键词，以及提高质量得分，而在开车的过程中有很多的观点其实是错误的。而这些错误的观点其实就是开车油费太厉害的原因。 首先我们需要明白的一点是直通车的本质，在淘宝直通车的介绍里面清楚的写着，客户精准营销工具，什么叫精准营销？精准营销就是把我们的信息准确的呈现在需要的顾客面前，这里最重要的一点是需要的顾客。而这个过程中就是通过关键词来实现信息的准确传达。 那么在精准营销的本质上，关键词的数量是一个关键。很多的人都有这么一个观点，那就是关键词越多越好，直通车每一款产品理论上来说可以上800个关键词，这个也是官方教程所宣传的，那么在实际的操作过程中，如果一件产品真的上了800个关键词，那么结果肯定是要亏损的。而且你会发现直通车的转化率非常的低，为什么会出现这种情况呢，因为这种大量的上关键词违背了直通车精准营销的本质。（开车的思路，思路决定出路） 一件产品能够承受多少关键词这个是屈指可数的，在精准营销的基础上我们要考虑的因素非常的多。例如顾客的爱好，年龄，搜索习惯，产品的用料，做工，款式，细节，品牌，季节，气温等等的因素，只有那些符合各种因素的关键词，才是我们需要的关键词，如果我们用各种因素来赛选一下自己的关键词会发现，能够符合的关键词非常的少，通常不会超过100个，只有考虑到各种因素所筛选出来的关键词才是符合直通车精准营销本质的。(直通车词数量) 那么如果我们不考虑这些因素，只是单纯的增加关键词的数量那么结果是显而易见的，那就是大量和宝贝无关的关键词会被点击，造成车费的无端浪费，和转换率的低下，从某一个方面来说，淘宝官方论坛里面
华尔思华为安全HCIE直通车课程 安全HCIE直通车课程涵盖了目前华为安全方向的所有初级高级课程知识，总共分为HCNA（4天）－NCNP（8天）－HCIE（6天）三个阶段，内容安排由浅入深，适合所有零安全基础的学生参加。 一、HCNA课程简介 课程覆盖网络安全基础知识，防火墙基础知识，包过滤技术、NAT技术等防火墙基本原理以及在华为防火墙中的实现，华为防火墙用户管理及认证原理，IPSec、SSL等VPN技术原理以及在华为防火墙中的实现，UTM技术及相关防御策略的部署配置，终端安全技术及基本安全策略配置。 HCNA课程知识大纲：防火墙基础 1.网络安全基本概念 2.防火墙基本概念、防火墙功能特性、防火培设备管理和防火墙基础配置 3.包过滤技术基础、防火墙转发原理、防火墙安全策略及应用 4.网络地址转换技术基础、基于源IP地址NAT技术与配置、基于目的IP地址NAT技术与配置、双向NAT技术与配置、NAT应用场景配置 5.防火墙双机热备技术基础、防火墙双机热备基本组网及配置 6.防火墙用户管理基础、用户认证概念、AAA技术原理、用户认证管理及应用 7.VLAN技术基础、WLAN技术基础、广域网接口特性技术基础VPN基础技术
1.VPN基本概念、VPN分类、加密技术 2.L2TP技术原理、Client-Initialized方式L2TP技术与配置 3.GRE技术原理与配置 4.IPSec基本概念、AH技术原理、ESP技术原理、IKE技术原理、IPSec配置 5.SSL技术原理、虚拟网关概念与配置、Web代理技术与配置、文件共享技术与配置、端口转发技术与配置、网络扩展技术与配置 二、HCNP课程简介 HCNP课程内容覆盖以下四个方面： 1）防火墙通用技术（防火墙基础技术、防火墙安全策略、防火墙用户管理、VPN、安全配置文件、攻击防范、虚拟化和带宽策略） 2）终端安全体系规划、部署、维护与优化 3）安全解决方案和规划设计方案 4）安全体系架构和安全标准的最佳实践。 2. 课程知识大纲 防火墙基础技术 1.防火墙安全策略技术 2.防火墙NAT技术 3.防火墙用户管理技术 4.双机热备典型组网" 5.虚拟防火墙技术 6.防火墙带宽管理技术"
《Indesign排版设计》课程教学大纲 总学时：64（理论：32 实验：32） 学分：4.0（理论：2 实验：2） 开课单位：信息与电子工程学院 适用专业：信息管理与信息系统 一、课程的性质和目的 （一）本课程是信息管理与信息系统专业的一门专业选修课程。 （二）课程的教学目的 通过本门课程的学习，使学生掌握InDesign软件的基本操作、出版物设计在印刷过程中的输出环节、名片设计、报纸版面设计、宣传单页设计、画册设计、期刊杂志设计及书籍设计与制作等知识点，能够对排版设计工作有比较全面的了解，具备排版设计能力，为学生今后从事平面设计行业打下良好基础。 二、课程内容和要求 （一）InDesign的基本操作 1.软件基础知识：了解并熟悉InDesign的软件界面，掌握菜单、工具箱和面板的使用。 2.设计基础知识：了解版面结构设计的相关知识，掌握色彩基础知识及配色原则。（重点/难点） （二）文字的基本操作 1.名片设计：掌握名片制作过程，掌握文字在名片设计中的应用，掌握名片设计相关知识。（重点） 2.会员卡设计：掌握会员卡制作方法，掌握文字在会员卡设计中的应用，掌握会员卡设计相关知识。 3.宣传单页设计：掌握置入文字的方法，掌握文本框架的使用，掌握字体面板的使用。（重点） 4.报纸广告设计：了解图片效果的简单设计，掌握文字效果的设置。 （三）文字的进阶操作 1.宣传册设计：掌握字体样式的设置，掌握复合字体的设置。（重点/难点）
2.宣传折页设计：掌握串接以及断开文本的方法，段落样式的设置和应用，了解载入样式，掌握样式的应用。（重点） 3.超市DM设计：掌握段落样式的使用，掌握嵌套样式的使用。（重点/难点） （四）图形的绘制及颜色填充 1.宣传页中线路图的制作：掌握路径的绘制，掌握路径中点的操作，掌握直接选择工具的使用，掌握描边样式的设置。（重点） 2.舞台布景设计：掌握图形的绘制，掌握路径查找器的使用，掌握颜色的设置。（重点） 3.灯箱广告设计：掌握路径的操作，掌握角选项的设置。 （五）艺术文字的效果 1.书籍名称的文字设计：掌握文字转曲的方法，掌握文字变形。（重点） 2.广告口号的文字设计：掌握装饰文字的设置，掌握透明度效果的设置。 （六）图片的编辑与管理 1.室内表现公司的画册设计：掌握图片的置入方法，掌握图片的大小设置。（重点） 2.风景画册设计：掌握如何修复图片缺失链接，掌握检查图片分辨率和色彩空间。（重点） 3.菜谱设计：掌握图片的编辑，掌握对齐面板的使用，掌握图像效果的设置。 （七）编辑处理表格 1.销售单的制作：掌握单元格的设置，掌握设置文字内容属性。 2.特殊形状表格的制作：掌握置入表格的方法，掌握续表的制作，掌握表头及表线设置。（重点） 3.其他软件表格的编辑处理：了解如何在InDesign操作环境下编辑Word表格和Excel 表格。 （八）图书版面、内文版式设计 1.人文类图书设计：掌握如何新建页面，掌握主页的设置。（重点） 2.计算机类图书设计：掌握库的使用，掌握排版设计图文。 3.杂志内文版式设计——版面融合：掌握图层分类管理页面元素，掌握查找/替换操作，掌握链接面板的使用，了解书籍的使用。（重点） （九）目录的生成 1.期刊目录的设计：掌握目录样式的设置，掌握前导符的样式设置。（重点/难点） 2.杂志目录的设计：掌握书籍目录的生成方法。
直通车报告 一、关于直通车概念 想要做好直通车，就要先去了解现在直通车的定义，这块很容易被忽视，但若不说，很多“无知”的老板还是在看别人直通车如何如何做成的爆款，如何如何挣钱。停留在过去希望直通车打爆款丶直通车赚钱的年代。并不是说直通车现在打不了爆款赚不了钱，只是有这想法之前，要先明白自己提供什么产品。开车之前要做好哪些相应的准备。 直通车的作用：现在的直通车只是点评运营手段之一，只是一个工具，但是他是使用最多的工具，现在的直通车更偏向与新品引流测款，在新店或者店铺效果不太好的适合，可以快速通过直通车提升店铺浏览。并且提升单品搜索关炎键词的排名。现在的直通车基本上每家淘宝店铺都在做，而且有特色的产品越来越多，所以现在的直通车更偏向于，让原先有销量基础的商品（所谓的爆款）销量更好。让没有销量的产品获得一定的流量。所以，在看待数据的时候需要更加理性客观。 了解直通车在推广操作中所遇到的问题：直通车的问题基本上总结出来：展现量、点击率、点击单价、ROI、转换率以及相对无线端。大家都很清楚，无线的流量基本上能占店铺总流量的70%以上。大家对无线的需求也就越来越多。 二、直通车的推广手段： 很多人了解了直通车的皮毛，就开始希望能做好直通车，做不好了就会开始抱怨直通车太贵，淘宝赚不到钱。这种抱怨除了说服自己放弃直通车以外，解决不了任何问题。 想了解直通车，先看看直通车的推广手段： 关键词推广：流量精准、直击买家 定向推广：流量大，点击单价低，相对来说ROI比较高（不适合新品） 店铺推广：有门槛，费用低，流量精准性差 三、选款 有很多大神都有单独分析选款，之前也对选款做了一些分析。今天不做重点，主要提一些点给大家： 产品自身基础： 1、价格 2、销量和评价（有一些基础评价，毕竟敢于第一个吃螃蟹的人终归是少数） 3、参谋分析：1. 宝贝在店铺中的流量趋势2. 转换率3. 收藏、加购等 市场竞争力，市场趋势 如果说宝贝的质量、价格、卖点上没有一项在同行中有竞争力，那么推广也只是为同行产品做广告而已。首先一定要对自己做的产品类目非常了解，清楚的知道同行产品有什么优势，然后确定自己的产品定位，是否有卖点更突出，或者性价比更高？在同行产品中一定要有优势才值得去开车付费推广。 充足的货源，如果推广起来，之后因为缺货而终止了，那就实在是太可惜了。 产品的利润空间，个人认为起码利润要在30%以上才比较适合开车，利润在30%那么ROI需要做到3.33以上才能保证直通车是盈亏平衡的一个状态。大家可以算一下自己的产品需要什么样的ROI 才能满足最基本的盈亏平衡。 产品的质量，产品的质量要对得起这个价格，不然起步的情况下都是中差评，之后的推广将无法进行，买家不死傻子，不要想以次充好，产品的质量影响我们是否能长久的推广下去！ 四、上车准备 1. 详情页 上车之前宝贝的详情页一定要做好充足的优化，详情页是影响宝贝转换的非常重要的因素，不然开车即使引入很好，很精准的流量不能造成转化，那也是白白浪费钱，时间和精力，尤其像现在无线端，一定要单独的去做一份。图片不需要很多，但是一定要清晰，加载速度够快。产品的卖点突出描写。让客户引起兴趣，抓住需求点，引导下单。 关联营销，买家进店要充分的利用每一个买家，关联营销也很重要。 2. 宝贝优化