【名词练习】
( ) 1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.
A. women …girls
B. women… girl
C. woman…girls
D. woman…girl ( ) 2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.
A. Jack's aunt's
B. Jack's aunt
C. Jack aunt's
D. aunt's of Jack ( ) 3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-year-old
B. ten-years-old
C. ten-year-older
D.ten-years-older ( ) 4. The farmer raised ten _________.
A. sheeps
B. deers
C. horse
D. cows
( ) 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.
A. her grandmother
B. her grandmother's
C. her grandmothers'
D. that of her grandmother
( ) 6. We have moved into a ________.
A. two- storey house
B. house of two storey
C. two-storeys house
D. two storeys house ( ) 7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.
A. box's steel
B. box of a steel
C. steel box
D. box of the steel
( ) 8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.
A. the Teacher's Day
B. Teacher's Day
C. a Teacher's Day
D. Teachers' Day ( ) 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. her
( ) 10. _________are big and bright.
A. The classroom window
B. The window of the classroom
C. The windows of the classroom
D. The classroom's windows
( ) 11. Don't worry. Your son will come back in ______hour.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
( ) 12. This nice blouse isn't mine. It's ______.
A. you
B. your
C. Lucy
D. yours
( ) 13. What's " potato" in Chinese?-It's _____ .
A. 香蕉
B. 大白菜
C. 西红柿
D. 土豆
( ) 14. The ninth month of a year is _______.
A. December
B. November
C. September
D. October
( ) 15. ----- Must I leave now? ------No, you _______.
A. needn't
B. mustnt
C. don't
D. won't
( ) 16. We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon.
A. on
B. of
C. at
D. to
( ) 17. Suan has made quite ______friends since she came to China.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
( ) 18. ------Have you ever ______to the West Lake?
-------Yes, I ______there last winter.
A. gone, went
B. been, went
C. gone , have been
D. been, have ( ) 19. Do you ________English?
A. tell
B. say
C. talk
D. speak
( ) 20. ------May I _______your ruler? -------OK, I'm glad to _______it to you.
A. lend, borrow
B. lend, lend
C. borrow , lend
D. borrow, borrow
( ) 21. We'll go to the museum if it _______tomorrow.
A. can't rain
B. won't rain
C. don't rain
D. doesn't rian ( ) 22. Do you know ________?
A. where does he study
B. he studies where
C. where he studies
D. he where studies ( ) 23. -------_______do you go to see your grandparents?
-------Once a month
A. How often
B. How long
C. how much
D. how many ( ) 24. ---------Would you like another cup of orange?
------- ___________ I'm full.
A. No, thanks
B. Yes, please.
C. Here it is.
D. I don't like. ( ) 25. You must be tired. Why not ________a rest?
A. to stop to have
B. stop having
C. stop to have
D. to stop having ( ) 26. ——What can I do for you?
——I'd like two _______.
A. box of apple
B. boxes of apples
C. box of apples
D. boxes of apple ( )26. Help yourself to ______.
A. some chickens
B. a chicken
C. some chicken
D. any chicken ( )27. ________ it is today!
A. What fine weather
B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather
D. How fine a weather
( )28. Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory
B. shoes factory
C. shoe's factory
D. shoes' factory ( )29.This class _______ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying
B. is studying
C. be studying
D. studying ( )30. We will have a ______ holiday after the exam.
A. two month
B. two-month
C. two month's
D. two-months ( ) 31. ________ trees are cut down in the forests every year.
A. Thousand
B. Thousands
C. Thousand of
D. Thousands of ( )32. Our sports meeting will be held ________.
A. on 24, Tuesday, April
B. in April 24, Tuesday
C. on Tuesday, April 24
D. in April Tuesday 24
( )33. _________ people here are very friendly to us.
A. The
B. /
C. A
D. An ( )34. There is no enough ________ in the corner to put the table.
A. place
B. room
C. floor
D. ground ( )35. He is very tired. He needs ______.
A. a night rest
B. a rest night
C. a night’s rest
D. a rest of night ( )36. The woman over there is ______ mother.
A. Julia and Shelley’s
B. Julia’s and Shelley’s
C. Julia and Shelley
D. Juli a’s and Shelley
( )37. Mr. Smith always takes ___ to do his work well.
A. pain
B. pains
C. effort
D. trouble ( )38. September 10th is____ in China.
A. Teacher’s Day
B. Teachers’ Day
C. Teacher Day
D. Teachers Day ( )39. Not all the ___ are made of ___.
A. glasses; glasses
B. glass; glass B. glasses; glass D. glass; glasses
【冠词练习】
( ) 1. There is a big tree ___________the house.
A. in the front of
B. in front of
C. in front
D. at the front ( ) 2. There is _______ ― s‖ and ____ ―v‖ in the word ―seven‖.
A. a, an B . an, a C. an, an D. a , a
( ) 3. Jimmy often answers the teacher’s question____________.
A. in the class B . at class C. after the class D. in class
( ) 4. Alice comes from _____ USA , and her deskmate is _______Chinese.
A. the, a
B. the , the
C. / , a
D. /, the
( ) 5. He met ______friend of his in _______centre of the city.
A. a , the
B. the, the
C. / , the
D. a, /
( ) 6. My father went to Shanghai by ___train, but he came back on _____bus.
A. / , /
B. the, /
C. a, a
D. / , a
( ) 7. Yesterday I went to ______work on ____foot.
A. / , the
B. / ,/
C. the , /
D. the , the ( ) 8. There is _____ ― h‖ in the word ―hour‖, but ____ ―h‖ doesn’t make sound.
A. a, the
B. an, the
C. an, an
D. a, /
( ) 9. I’m going to see my mother. She is ill ____________________.
A. in the hospital
B. at hospital
C. at the hospital D . in hospital ( ) 10. We have three meals _____day. We have _____breakfast at 6:50 in ________morning every day.
A. a, the , the
B. a, a, the
C. a , /, the
D. the , / , the ( ) 11. -----This is _______film which I told you several times.
-----It’s great. I’ve never seen ______more moving one.
A. the , a
B. a, a
C. a, the
D. the , the ( ) 12. I want to try again. Please give me ______third chance.
A, the B. a C. an D. /
( ) 13. I had ______cold and I had to stay in ______bed yesterday.
A. / , the
B. a, the
C. a, /
D. the , /
( ) 14. Swimming is ___________in ___________summer.
A. a great fun, the
B. great fun, /
C. great fun, the
D. fun , the ( ) 15. I’m looking for ____p air of shoes for_____girl whose mother is ill.
A. a, the
B. a, a
C. the , a
D. the , the ( ) 16. -----Did you do well in _____English exam ? ----Yes, I’ve got ____ ―A‖.
A. / a
B. /, the
C. a, an
D. the , an ( ) 17. _____woman over there is __________popular teacher in our school.
A. A, an
B. A, the
C. The , a
D. The , / ( ) 18. This is ______watch he bought me. Isn’t it ______nice one ?
A. the , the
B. a, a
C. a, the
D. the , a ( ) 19. What’s behind __the door ? There’s _____football. ___football is broken.
A. the, a, A
B. / , a, The
C. a, a, The
D. the, a, The ( ) 20. My parents often do _______shopping on ______Sunday.
A. /, /
B. the, /
C. the , the
D. the, a ( ) 21. Though my uncle is ____old man, he likes what _____young like.
A. an, the
B. the, the
C. an, /
D. the, / ( ) 22. My son was born in _____autumn of 2002.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
( ) 23. My parents are both __________teachers.
A. /
B. two
C. these
D. the
( ) 24. September 10th is _____Teachers’ Day. It’s _____festival for teachers.
A. the, a
B. a , a
C. /, /
D. / , a ( ) 25. He bought ______flat. I have been to _________flat.
A. a, a
B. the , the
C. the , a
D. a, the ( ) 26. July is ______seventh month of year.
A. a .
B. /
C. the
D. an ( ) 27. ______Smiths are going to move to London.
A. /
B. A
C. Another
D. The ( ) 28. I like _____music. But I don’t like ______of that TV play.
A. a, the
B. the , the
C. / the
D. / , / ( ) 29. It took me _____hour and ____half to finish _____work.
A. a, a, a
B. an, a, /
C. an, a, the
D. an, / , the \ ( ) 30. Xi’an is _____old city with _____long history.
A. an, a
B. an, the
C. a, a
D. the , the ( ) 31. He has already worked for ____ hour.
A. an
B. a
C. the
D. three ( ) 32. Lucy wants to become ____.
A. some teacher
B. a teacher
C. teacher
D. teachers ( ) 33. Hainan is ____ island, isn’t it?
A. the
B. one
C. a
D. an ( ) 34. What do you usually do after ____?
A. the class
B. class
C. the classes
D. a class ( ) 35. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers.
A. a
B. two
C. a pair of
D. pair ( ) 36. I’ve thrown my old shoes away. I’ll have to buy ____.
A. a new pair
B. a new one
C. some new
D. some new pair ( ) 37. My uncle told me he was going to visit ____.
A. the United State
B. The United States
C. United States
D. United State ( ) 38. They failed six times, but they have decided to try____.
A. seven times
B. the seven time
C. the seventh time
D. seventh time ( ) 39. Who are those boys? One is my brother and ____.
A. the big boy is Mike
B. a big is Mike
C. the big boy is a Peter
D. a big boy is a Peter ( ) 40. You will find ____ girl in black. She is ____ teacher.
A. a, the
B. the, a
C. a, a
D. the, the
形容词训练
( ) 1. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
( ) 2. Which is the _______country, Japan or Australia?
A. more developed
B. more developing
C. most developed
D. most developing ( ) 3. -How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
-It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
( ) 4. The books are not ________ to be published.
A. enough intersting
B. interesting enough
C. so interesting
D. too interesting ( ) 5.What's your _______sports?
A. the most favorite
B. most favorite
C. favorite
D. the favorite
( ) 6.There's ________ with the recorder
A. anything wrong
B. wrong anything
C. something wrong
D.wrong something ( ) 7. His sister is _______than he .
A. younger five years
B. five years younger
C. five year younge
D. five younger years ( ) 8.-We should speak English in and after class. -Yes, _____, ________.
A. more , better
B. the more, the bette
C. much, better
D. the often, the better ( ) 9. The old man lives alone, he feels ________.
A. alone
B. lonely
C. lone
D. alonely
( ) 10. I think bananas are ________of all the fruits.
A. delicious
B. much delicious
C. more delicious
D. the most delicious
( ) 11. The teacher was very angry and decided to send ______school, so he wasn't a student any longer.
A. away him from
B. him away from the
C. away him out of
D. him away from ( ) 12. _______, he didn't fail in the English exam.
A. Luck
B. Lucky
C. Luckily
D. Luckly
( ) 13. -Are you feeling ____?
-Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well
B.any better
C.quite good
D.quite better ( ) 14. The more we looked at the picture, _________.
A. the less we liked it
B. we like it less
C. better we like it
D. it looked better ( ) 15. After the new machine was introduced,the factory produced ___ shoes in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many as ( ) 16. Our English needs to be______improved.
A. farther
B. farthest
C. further
D. far
( ) 17. What a pity! Lucy ran _______ more slowly than Lily.
A. a few
B. much
C. a little
D. little
( ) 18. He is running _______now.
A. more slowly and more slowly
B. slowlier and slowlier
C. more and more slowly
D. slowly and slowly
( ) 19. Last night my father went back _________later than before.
A. quite
B. very
C. even
D. much more
( ) 20.The sick man was too thin to go any _______.
A. far
B. farther
C. further
D. farthest
实战:
1. -What's this in English? -It's ______apple. A. a B. an C. the
D. 不填
2. I was born ________February 18, 1981. A. on B. in C. at D. of
3. There isn't ______water in the glass. A. some B. lots C. many D. any
4. -"________do you watch TV?" -" Twice a week."
A. How long
B. How far
C. How often
D. How many
5. I have two pencils, one is long, _______is short. A. another B. other C. the other
D. others
6. They are poor, _______they are always happy. A. and B. but C. or D. so
7. _______beautiful the flowers are! A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
8. -"Do you ________English?" -"Only a little." A. tell B. speak C. say
D. talk
9. There are about _________students in our grade.
A. two hundreds and twenty-five
B. two hundreds and twenty five
C. two hundred and twenty-five
D. two hundred twenty-five
10. His name is Robert Thomas Brown. The students call him ________.
A. Mr Robert
B. Mr Thomas
C. Mr Thomas Brown
D. Mr Brown
11. Your books are here, where are _________? A. my B. mine C. I D. me
12. She will write to me sa soom as she _______in Paris. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arriving D arrives
13.-"It's a fine day, ______?" -"Yes, let's go out for a walk." A. is it B. it is
C. isn't it
D. it isn't
14. Could you tell us________?
A. when will the meeting start
B. when the meeting will start
C. the meeting will start when
D. then meeting when will start
15.-"My bike is broken, can you mend it?" -"Sorry, ______."
A. I can't
B. I won't
C. I can
D. I don't
◆反意疑问句练习◆
1. He hasn’t an y sister, ___________?
2. He is a teacher, ________________ ?
3. That is my bag, __________?
4. Let me have a rest, ______________?
5. Don’t forget to post the letter, _ ________?
6. Open the window, _______________?
7. Let’s have a meeting, _______________? 8. He has few good friends, __________?
9. There is nothing wrong,______________? 10. I am new here, _____________?
11. We are thirteen years old, ________? 12. Miss Gao is a good teacher, _______?
13.He can’t swim, ________?14.There are few people in the room, ________?
15.There is some water in the glass, ________?
16.Your brother went to Beijing last Sunday, ________?
17. Kate’s mother likes apples, ________? 18. Little water is in the bottle, ________?
19. Let’s go to the park, ________?20. Don’t sit here, ________?
21. I don’t think he would like some meat, ________?
22. Something is wrong with your bike, ________?
23. She has nothing to do, ________? 24. There will be no problem in your study, _______?
25. I am in my room, ________? 26. Mike never bought a bike, _____________?
27. The weather here is very cold, ________?28.She doesn’t finish her homework, ________?
29. She had to wait for him yesterday, ______?30. Tom can sing this song in English,______? ( ) 31. There are few people on the playground. ______?
A. are there
B. are they
C. aren’t there
D. aren’t they
( ) 32. There is little water in the bottle . ______?
A. isn’t there
B. is there
C. isn’t it
D. is it
( ) 33. Jack broke his leg. _______?
A. did Jack
B. didn’t Jack
C. did he
D. didn’t he
( ) 34. Li Ping studied hard, _______ he ?
A. was
B. did
C. wasn’t
D. didn’t
( ) 35. They go to school on foot every day ________ they?
A. do
B. don’t
C. are
D. aren’t
( ) 36. Alice has to finish her work now. _______ ?
A. has she
B. hasn’t she
C. does she
D. doesn’t she
( ) 37. I don’t think you are right.________?
A. do you
B. are you
C. don’t you
D. aren’t you
( ) 38. Tell me something about yow family. ________?
A. do you
B. don’t you
C. haven’t you
D. will you
( ) 39. The foreigner can hardly speak Chinese. _________ he ?
A. can
B. doesn’t
C. can’t
D. does
( ) 40. –You are hungry, aren’t you?- ______ . I have just had my lunch.
A. Yes, I am
B. Yes, I do
C. No, I’m not
D. No, I don’t
◆感叹句训练◆
1. 选用what, what a(an), how, how a(an)填空
1. Look! _______fast the boy is running!
2. _______cold day it was yesterday!
3. _______heavy the box is! I can’t carry it.
4. _______interesting story he told us!
5. _______nice the mooncakes are!
6. _______bad weather!
7. _______clever children all of you are! 8. _______important news that is!
9. _______time flies! 10. _______beautiful flowers you bought me!
2. 将下列句子改为感叹句
1. These flowers are so beautiful. ____________________________________
2. The room is big. ____________________________________
3. It is a very interesting film. ____________________________________
4. We have a good teacher. ____________________________________
5. This question is very easy. ____________________________________
6. The TV play is too long. ____________________________________
7. The building is so tall. ____________________________________
8. Lucy’s handwriting is very beautiful. ____________________________________
9. My dog is very smart. ____________________________________
10. The snow on the land is very thick! ____________________________________ 3. 选择题
( ) 1. _____ wonderful world it is! I hope I can live longer.
A. What a
B. How a
C. What
D. How
( ) 2. ______ weather it is!
A. What a fine
B. How fine
C. What fine
D. How fine the ( ) 3. _____ useful work they have done!
A. What
B. How
C. What a
D. What an
( ) 4. ____ nice shoes she is wearing!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
( ) 5. ____ beautiful garden it is!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
( ) 6. ____ nice picture you gave me!
A. How
B. How a
C. What a
D. What an
( ) 7. ____ fine weather it is1
A.How B. How a C. What D. What a
( ) 8. ___ cool it is to take a picture with Yao Ming!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
( ) 9. _____ it is today! Let’s go to fly a kite in the park, shall we?
A. What fine weather
B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather
D. How fine a weather
( ) 10. ____ wonderful music it is! I like Bethoven’s better than anybody’s.
A. What
B. How a
C. What a
D. How
( ) 11. _____ interesting book the girl has!
A. How
B. How an
C. What a
D. What an
词性、短语练习 一、标明下列各组词的词性: 坚决(形)决心(名)可爱(形)热爱(动) 荣誉(名)光荣(形)企图(动/名)意图(名) 答案(名)答应(动)气愤(形)气魄(名) 批语(名)批示(动、名)残杀(动)残忍(形) 诱饵(名)诱惑(动)兴奋(动)兴趣(名) 安心(形 /动)担心(动)道歉(动)抱歉(动) 安慰(动)欣慰(形)感激(动)激动(形) 愉快(动)高兴(动) 二、指出下列词的词性 果然(副词)应该(能愿动词)高级(形容词)黑色(名词)偶尔(副词)果然(副词)虽然(连词)对于(介词)怎么(代词)年级(名词)原因(名词)自动(形容词)自从(介词)自得(形容词)自己(代词)及其(连词)极其(副词)因为(连词) 三、注明下列句中带黑线词的词性: 1、我们马上开始这项工作。(动) 2、你说应该朝什么方面考虑?(能愿动词) 3、对这个学生的经历,老师们都很了解。(动) 4、三十岁以上的教师都可以享受休假。(能愿动词) 五、区别下面的同形词,指出它们各自的词性: 1、弟弟比他小三岁(介)你比不上他(动) 2、你让妹妹一点儿(动)他让老师批评了一顿(介) 3、这孩子好聪明(副)这是个好孩子(形容)
4、墙壁挺白的(形容)他白来了一趟(副) 六、写出下列短语的类型 (并列短语偏正短语动宾短语述补短语主谓短语介宾短语) 金银铜铁(并列)中国工人(偏正)人民幸福(主谓)打破(述补) 我和你(并列)庄严肃穆(并列)风和日丽(并列)鲁迅绍兴人(主谓) 抽烟(动宾)继承和发展(并列)科技发达(主谓)在马背上(介宾) 今天星期一(主谓)万紫千红(并列)明天晴天(主谓)首都北京(并列) 半斤八两(主谓)这本书20元(主谓)盖房子(动宾)看书(动宾) 坐端正(述补)星期五那天(并列)千秋万代(并列)国家富强(主谓) 坐火车(动宾)文化教育(偏正)男女老少(并列)关于这个问题(介宾)七、指出下列各组成语的类型 ①丰功伟绩、龙飞凤舞、发号施令、斩尽杀绝(并列) ②一孔之见、世外桃源、孜孜不倦、娓娓动听 一衣带/水、始作俑者、恒河沙数、美其名/曰 ( 偏正 ) ③包罗万象、别开生面、饱经风霜、固执己见 作壁上观、闻所未闻、冒大不韪、投其所好 (动宾 ) ④畅通无阻、完美无缺、得意忘形、略知一二 妙不可言、坚不可摧、瞠乎其后、罪不容诛 ( 述补 ) ⑤塞翁失马、叶公好龙、百花齐放、肝胆相照 旁观者清、当局者迷 ( 主谓 ) ⑥画蛇添足、刻舟求剑、画饼充饥、闻鸡起舞 ( 连动 ) ⑦引狼入室、调虎离山、指鹿为马、利令智昏 ( 兼语 )
词类 现代汉语的词可以分为12类。 实词:名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词和代词。 虚词:副词、介词、连词、助词、拟声词和叹词。 一.名词 表示人和事物的名称的实词。如:"黄瓜、白菜、拖拉机、计算机"。 1、表示专用名称的叫做"专有名词",如"云南、上海、李白、白居易"。 2、表示抽象事物的名称的叫做"抽象名词",如"范畴、思想、质量、品德、友谊、方法"。 3、表示方位的叫做"方位名词",如"上""下""左""右""前""后""中""东""西""南""北""前面""后边""东边""南面""中间"等。 二.动词 动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。 1、有的动词表示一般的动作,如"来、去、说、走、跑、
学习、起飞、审查、认识"等。 2、有的动词表示心理活动,如"想、重视、注重、尊敬、了解、相信、佩服、惦念"等,这样的动词前面往往可以加上"很、十分"。 3、有的动词表示能够、愿意这些意思,叫做"能愿动词",它们是"能、要、应、肯、敢、得(dei)、能够、应该、应当、愿意、可以、可能、必须",这些能愿动词常常用在一般的动词前面,如"得去、能够做、可以考虑、愿意学习、应该说明、可能发展"。 4、还有一些动词表示趋向,叫做"趋向动词",如"来、去、上、下、进、出、上来、上去、下来、下去、过来、过去、起;,它们往往用在一般动词后面表示趋向,如"跳起来、走下去、抬上来、跑过去"。 5、"是""有"也是动词,跟动词的用法一样,“是”也成为判断动词。 三.形容词 形容词表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、状态等,如“多、少、高、矮、胖、瘦、死板、奢侈、胆小、丑恶、美丽、红色……”。
现代汉语的词可以分为两类12种词性。一类是实词:名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词和代词。一类是虚词:副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和拟声词。 实词 一.名词 表示人和事物的名称叫名词。如“黄瓜、猪、马、羊、白菜、拖拉机、计算机”。 1、表示专用名称的叫做“专用名词”,如“云南、上海、李白、白居易,中国”。 2、表示抽象事物的名称的叫做“抽象名词”,如“范畴、思想、质量、品德、品质、友谊、方法”。 3、表示方位的叫做“方位名词”,如“上、下、左、右、前、后、中、东、西、南、北、前面、后边、东边、南面、中间”等。二.动词 动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。 1、有的动词表示一般的动作,如"来、去、说、走、跑、吼、叫、学习、起飞、审查、认识"等。 2、有的动词表示心理活动,如“想、重视、注重、尊敬、了解、相信、佩服、惦念”等,这样的动词前面往往可以加上“很、十分”。 3、有的动词表示能够、愿意这些意思,叫做“能愿动词”,它们是
“能、要、应、肯、敢、得(dei)、能够、应该、应当、愿意、可以、可能、必须”,这些能愿动词常常用在一般的动词前面,如“得去、能够做、可以考虑、愿意学习、应该说明、可能发展”。 4、还有一些动词表示趋向,叫做“趋向动词”,如“来、去、上、下、进、出、上来、上去、下来、下去、过来、过去、起来”,它们往往用在一般动词后面表示趋向,如“跳起来、走下去、抬上来、跑过去”。 5、“是”“有”也是动词,跟动词的用法一样,“是”也成为判断动词。 三.形容词 形容词表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、状态等,如“多、少、高、矮、胖、瘦、死板、奢侈、胆小、丑恶、美丽、红色”。状态形容词通红、雪白、红通通、黑不溜秋等前面不能加“很”。 四.数词 数词是表示事物数目的词。如“一、二、两、三、七、十、百、千、万、亿、半”。 五.量词 量词是表示事物或动作单位的词。汉语的量词分为名量词和动量词。 1、名量词表示事物的数量,又可以分为单位量词和度量量词。单位量词表示事物的单位,如“个、张、、只、支、本、台、架、辆、颗、
英语各种词性的用法 (2011-11-10 19:35:25) 转载▼ 标签: 杂谈 名词nouns分为专有名词(指人、地方、团体等特有的名称)普通名词(指人或东西或一个抽象的名称)用法,一般做主语,表语,动词宾语,介词宾语,状语,宾补。 冠词Art.本身没有意义,分为定冠词(表示名词为特定者)和不定冠词(用在单数名词前,表示一个)用法,用在名词前,帮助名词指明含义。 数词Num.表示数目的多少或顺序。用法,作主语,宾语,定语,表语,同位语。 代词Pronouns代替名词的,具有名词和形容词的作用。具体用法,第二次提到一些名词的时候,一般用代词代替。 形容词adjectives用来修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。用法,作定语,表语,宾补。副词adverbs修饰动词,形容词,副词,或整个句子。用法,作状语,定语,表语,宾补。动词verbs用来表示动作或状态,决定时态。用法,很广,一般作谓语。 介词prepositions一种虚词,不能单独在句子中作任何成分,需构成介词短语。介词短语用法,作定语,状语,表语,宾补。 主语S,是在句子中说明全局中心主体的部分。一般由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词(例如动名词)或短语来充当。它的位置一般在句首。 谓语V,是用来说明主语做什么、是什么、怎么样的。一般由简单动词或动词短语构成。位置在主语后面。 表语P是说明主语是什么、或者怎么样的。由名词、形容词、副词或介词短语、不定时式来构成的。位置在系动词后面。 宾语O,是动作行为的对象。由名词,代词,不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。他和系动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 宾补OC,就是宾语补足语。用来补充宾语不能完全表达完整的意思。 状语,用来修饰动词、副词、或形容词的。表示行为发生的时间、地点、方式、程度、目的等。由副词,介词短语,不定式,或相当于介词的词或短语来表示。位置在句末,或句首。定语,用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式一般作定语。位置一般在动词后名词前。 注明,系动词包括be动词,表示保持或变成某种状态的动词和感官动词。感官动词就是看、听、感觉等。表示保持或变成某种状态的动词有become变得,keep保持,remain保持,get变得,prove证明,grow变得,turn变得,seem似乎,appear好像。 基本句型 1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P 4.S+V+O+OC 5.S+V+IO间接宾语+DO直接宾语
词性、词性结构和短语结构: 我想,作对联时,除了平仄规则,还有上下联间相同位置也要词性相当、结构相同。这应该是对联最基本的规则。 词性相当,指上下联相对的词语性质应尽可能相同或相近。 结构相同,指上下联对应语句的语法结构应尽可能相同。 如: 一心常忍辱;万事且随缘。此联上下联遵守了以上规则: 一心--万事,都是偏正式结构;常--且,是虚词相对;忍辱--随缘,是相同的动宾式结构。 一、词性分类: 实词:表示实在意义的词,有名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词。 虚词:不表示实在意义而表示语法意义的词,有:副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词、拟声词。 A.实词—— 1、名词:表示人或事物、时间、处所、方位等名称的词。 如:汽车、友谊、思想、现在、北京、前后。 2、动词:表示动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等意义的词。如:旅游、增加、爱、能、进、是 3、形容词:表示人或事物的形状、性质、状态、颜色等的词。如:高、好、慢、碧绿。 名词、动词、形容词是句子当中使用频率最高的三类词。这三类词配合使用,构成句子的主体。 4、数词::数词是表示数目的词。数词可分为基数、序数、分数、小数、倍数和概数。 5、量词:量词是表示人、事物或动作、行为的量的词。量词分为物量词和动量词。 6、代词:代词指具有代替或指示作用的词。它可分为人称代词、疑问代词、指示代词。 1)人称代词:我…你…他…它…咱…自己、别人、人家、大家、大伙儿、彼此 2)疑问代词:谁、什么、哪(些)、哪儿、哪里、几时、怎样、怎么、多少、几多、多么 3)指示代词:这(些、儿、样、里、么、会儿)、那(些儿、样、里、么、会儿)、 B.虚词—— 1、副词:是表示动作或性状的程度、范围、时间、频率、情态、肯定、否定、语气的词。 用在动词、形容词前面。 1)程度:很、挺、怪、更、最、太、极、非常、十分、特别、尤其、稍微、比较、格外 2)范围:都、只、也、光、单、凡、净、一贯、一概、仅仅、大半、统统、通通、单单 3)时间、频率:正、刚、才、就、常、便、曾、立刻、刚刚、常常、逐渐、终于、马上、已经 4)重复、反复:又、还、再、一连、再三、连续、反复、不断、屡次、重新 5)情貌:猛然、忽然、欣然、居然、贸然、默默 6)肯定、否定:必、准、一定、必定、必然、的确、准保、不、没没有、别、甭 7)估量:大概、大约、似乎、也许、恐怕、几乎 8)语气:却、偏、岂、偏偏、难道、简直、反正、果真 9)方式:悄悄、暗暗、亲自、一齐、互相 2、介词:用在名词、代词或短语的前面,组成介宾短语,表示时间、处所、方式、对象、目的等。1)表示时间:从、自从、到、在、当、于 2)表示处所:从、自、往、朝、向、在、由、沿着、顺着 3)表示方式:按、按照、根据、通过、经过、用、拿、以、凭
1. Would you mind making a little less _____? They are having a meeting at the moment. (noisy) 2. The Smiths live on the __________ floor of the highrise. (nine) 3. All the great __________ are respected(尊敬)by the world. (invent) 4. I’ll do my homework more __________ next time. (care) 5. When you study a foreign language, it’s important to make a good _________. (begin) 6. In the past punishment(惩罚)was decided by the university. The student had no ___________ but to accept it. (choose) 7. Our teacher told us the ___________ story I had ever heard at yesterday’s class meeting. (sad) 8. The __________ Lesson is very difficult but very important. You must learn it by heart.(twelve) 9. They looked very _____ in the idea. (interest) 10. After they got on the bus, they found two _______. (sit) 11. Help __________ to the fish, everyone. (you) 12. What we have had is just part of the truth. We should try to get __________ information about it. (far) 13. He seemed very _________. He got a D in the English test. (happy) 14. Before you start this work, you should try to realize its _________. (important) 15. March 8 is _________ Day. (woman) 16. This book belongs to you. Where is _____? (me) 17. The visitors are ________ students. (main) 18. Do you know about the ___ of the book? (write) 19. Can you show me your ___ of coins? (collect) 20. To my ________, I got full marks for maths last week. (surprised) 21. In this new housing estate there stand a lot of high _________. (build) 22. In winter, most of the rivers and lakes are _________. It becomes a world of ice. (freeze) 23. Then he slowly walked _____ the house. (pass) 24. Do you know who is the __________ of the English contest? (win) 25. Peter is very ______. I’m sure he will come to take care of your baby
第一章词性分类及用法 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类,叫做词类。英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。 1、名词,noun 缩写n. 2、动词, verb缩写v. 3、代词, pronoun缩写pron. 4、形容词, adjective缩写adj. 5、副词, adverb缩写adv. 6、数词, numeral缩写num. 7、冠词, article缩写art. 8、介词,前置词,preposition缩写prep. 9、连词, conjunction缩写conj. 10、感叹词, interjection缩写interj. 注一:属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词。属于后四类(冠、介、连、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词。 注二:不少词可以属于几个词类,如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。 第一节名词 1、定义:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词,叫做名词。 2、名词概述: 名词分为专有名词和普通名词: 1)专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如: Lei Feng 雷锋Karl Marx 卡尔·马克思 London 伦敦China 中国 2)普通名词(common noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。分类如下: 个体名词(表示人或物的个体。如:book书可数名词 普通名词集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。如police 警察) 物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质。如money金钱) 抽象名词(表状态,品质,感情等抽象概念如Knowledge)不可数名词 注:个体名词和集体名词可用数目来计算,称可数名词物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称不可数名词 可用以下表格表示: 名词专有名词 普通名词 个体名词 可数名词 集体名词 物质名词不可数名词
一、在括号里填入合适的词,并指出属于什么词性。 ①、我的()个战友来了。()②、他去过三()上海。() ③、我不()这种事。()④、青年们要到()去。() ⑤、桌子()有什么?()⑥、我们在路上碰到了三个()()⑦、他刚刚走()山。() ⑧、他会干这种事()?() ⑨、你给我的书我看完了,()是我近年来最喜欢的一本书。() ⑩、这个人非常()。() 二、标明下列各词的词性:A.副词 B.叹词 C.介词 D.拟声词E名词F动词G形容词H数词I量词J代词K助词 坚决()热爱()荣誉)企图()似的()答案()气魄()批示()残忍()了()诱饵()兴趣()担心()道歉() 安慰()感激()愉快()哗哗() 的()关于()着()简直()和()曾经()啊()除了()才()为了()如果()五()台()越发( ) 除了()始终()依照()沿着()索性()扑通()哦()屡次()何必()自从()他()砰()咱们()却()所说的() 三、注明下列句中带黑线词的词性: 1、我们马上开始这项工作。() 2、你说应该朝什么方面考虑?() 3、对这个学生的经历,老师们都很了解。() 4、三十岁以上的教师都可以享受休假。() 5、新老同学开始都需要出操。() 6.他昨天上午在家里,下午在图书馆看书,现在在开会。 7.两块连草都不长的地连起来了。 8.你比我强,我比不过你。 9.你为什么老向着他而不向他提意见? 10.到了北京,我就赶快跑到医院去看病。一、指出下列短语的结构 A并列短语B偏正短语C主谓短语D动宾短语E补充短语 1、风俗习惯() 2、变化规律() 3、历史悠久() 4、整修一新() 5、交头接耳() 6、思维敏捷() 7、废寝忘食() 8、前程远大() 9、全神贯注() 10、襟怀坦白() 11、挥手之间() 12、愚公移山() 13、竞选州长() 14、销售计划() 15、色彩缤纷() 16、交通规则() 17、风和日丽() 18、激动不已() 19、禁止吸烟() 20、辛勤耕耘() 21、巍峨挺立() 22、不断发生() 23、气氛热烈() 24、继往开来() 二、下列各组短语分别以哪组类型短语为主,其中不同的短语各是哪个,属于什么类型短语。 1、A、祖国万岁 B、品质优良 C、天气晴和 D、思想品质 E、成绩好 2、A、看了两眼 B、打扫教室 C、洗得干净 D、热了起来 E、扔出去 3、A、十分伟大 B、我的书包 C、小声地说 D、追歼敌人 E、很热闹 4、A、讲解语法 B、讲述清楚 C、种植玉米 D、制造火箭 E、听故事 5、A、用圆珠笔(写)B、对于我们 C、按照习惯 D、必然产生 E、被大雨(淋) 6、A、报纸杂志 B、调查研究 C、身体健康 D、严肃认真 E、读和写 三、比较判断短语类型 经济发展()历史悠久()描写景物()市场繁荣() 发展经济()悠久历史()景物描写()市场的繁荣() 表达见解()我的弟弟()我国文学()小说散文() 表达的见解()我和弟弟()我国的文学()小说和散文() 四、判断下列短语的类型 我们的学校、英勇地战斗、谁在那儿、打得落花流水、倒在那儿、北山愚公、给我一把枪、太阳出来了、笑得合不拢嘴、七嘴八舌、一次旅游、很科学、未来是美好的、去了一趟、难过得哭了、下雪的时候、非常小心、科学领域、花好月圆、亭台轩榭、爷爷、孙子和种籽 祖国万岁、告诉你一件事、科学研究、民主和科学、将军和他的儿子、龟兔赛跑、锋利得很、咳嗽得很厉害、你的儿子回来了、三零四国道、许多科学知识、生的伟大、死的光荣 五. 指出下列句子中的划线部分是何种短语 (1)
关于现代汉语词语的语法功能分类 俞士汶 北京大学计算语言学研究所 1.信息处理用现代汉语词语分类体系 在朱德熙先生的语法理论的指导下,北大计算语言学研究所与中文系合作,经过几年的研究,提出了一个服务于语言信息处理的现代汉语词语分类体系,并将数以万计的词语实际进行了归类,与此同时还按类详细描述了每个词语的多种语法属性,初步建成了“现代汉语语法电子词典”,另外对数十万字的语料进行了切分和词性标注。这就又进一步检验了词类划分的科学性与可操作性。这到如此规模和如此浓度的汉语语言工程实践可能是罕见的。 本文介绍现代汉语词语分类体系、分类的理论基础,并以若干词类例详细介绍具体的划类准则。 现代汉语的词分以下18个基本词类,括号中的拉丁字母是各个词类的代码。 名词(n),时间词(t),处所词(s),方位词(f),数词(m),量词(q),区别词(b),代词(r),动词(v),形容词(a),状态词(z),副词(d),介词(p),连词(c),助词(u),语气词(y),拟声词(o),叹词(e)。 这些基本词类可以合并为较大的词类。名词、时间词、处所词、方位词、数词、量词统称为体词,动词、形容词、状态词统称为谓词。有一部分代词属于体词,另一部分代词属于谓词。体词、谓词、区别词和副词又合称为实词。介词、连词、助词、语气词合称虚词。实词与虚词是汉语两大词类。此外还有拟声词与叹词,它们游离于这两大词类之外。 自然语言处理的常规技术要求庆自然语言处理系统中配备一部电子词典。对于计算机来说,可以认为作为电子词典的登录项的语言单位是“词”。基本中大部分肯定是语言学家认同的词,这也就是暗示了其中一部分不能看作“词”。从计算机处理实际文本的需要出发,从提高计算机处理效率的角度考虑,词典中另外包含了以下7类语言成分: 前接成分(h):阿,老,非,超,单 后接成分(k):儿,子,性,员,器 语素字(g):民,衣,失,遥,郝 非语素字(x):鸳,批,蚣 成语(i):接部就班,八拜之交 习用语(l):总而言之,由此可见 简称略语(j):三好,全总 前4类是比“词”更小的单位,不成词。这些成分的数量是有限的,只要电子词典的规模允许,应当尽可能地将这些成分全部收入。后3类是比“词”更大的单位,词典中只能收一部分使用频率高的。本文将电子词典中登录的各种语言万分笼统地叫做“词语”。
汉语词性分类及用法 汉语(Hànyǔ)又称华语、中国话、中文等~属汉藏语系~至少15亿使用者~是中国、新加坡的官方语言~亦是联合国六种工作语言之一~下面是小编收集整理的汉语词性分类及用法~欢迎阅读参考!! 一、实词:名词、动词、形容词、数量词、代词. (-)名词 名词是表示人或事物的词。例如: 指人的:鲁迅、农民、工人、作家、老师、学生 指物的:日、风、山、马、稻子、飞机、原子、计算机、车辆、纸张、道德、法律、文化 表时间的:春天、明年、早晨、星期天、现在、刚才 表处所的:马来西亚、北京、凯旋门、大庆、亚洲 表方位的:上、下、前、左、右、东、南、内、外(单纯的) 以上、以前、以东、上边、上面、东边、西边、里头、外头、中间(合成的) (二)动词 动词是表示动作、行为、心理活动或存在变化等的词。例如: 1 / 28 表示动作行为:走、坐、听、看、批评、宣传、保卫、学习、研究、进行、开始、停止、禁止 表示存在变化消失:存在、在、有、等于、发生、演变、发展、生长、死亡、消灭 表示心理活动:爱、恨、伯、想念、打算、喜欢、希望、害伯、担心、讨厌表示判断:是
表示可能意愿必要(助动词):能、能够、会、可以、愿、愿意、肯、敢、要、应当、应该、配、值得 表示趋向(趋向动词):上、下、进、出、回、开、过、起、来、上来、下来、进来、出来、回来、 开来、过来、起来、去、上去、下去、进去、出主、回去~开去、过去 动词的语法特点: 1.一部分动词可以重叠~表示?动作短暂?或?尝试?的意思~是时态的表示法。 单音节动词重叠形式是:AA 看——看看想——想想 试——试试讲——讲讲 双音节动词重叠形式是:ABAB 学习——学习学习批评——批评批评 讨论——讨论讨论休息——休息休息 2 / 28 动词比较复杂~有的需要加以说明。 1.动词?是? I. ?是?用在名词前边是动词~这种?是?常常表示主语?等于什么?或?属于什么?。例如?鲁迅就是周树人?、?牛是反刍动物?、?他是个开车的?、?是他救了我?;此外~?这一年~人家都是丰年~我是歉年~收完秋就没吃的了?等里面的?是?仍是动词~作谓语。 II. ?是?用在动词、形容词前边~表示肯定~含有?的确?、?实在?的意思~可以看作语气副词~作状语~例如?我“是”懂了?、?他“是”勇敢?、?这样做“是”好?。 2.动词?有?
语法专项训练 词性 【知识清单】 汉语词性分类 一、实词:名词、动词、形容词、数量词、代词.?? (-)名词 名词是表示人或事物的词。例如: 指人的:鲁迅、农民、工人、作家、老师、学生 指物的:日、风、山、马、稻子、飞机、原子、计算机、车辆、纸张、道德、法律、文化 表时间的:春天、明年、早晨、星期天、现在、刚才 表处所的:马来西亚、北京、凯旋门、大庆、亚洲 表方位的:上、下、前、左、右、东、南、内、外(单纯的) 以上、以前、以东、上边、上面、东边、西边、里头、外头、中间(合成的) (二)动词 动词是表示动作、行为、心理活动或存在变化等的词。例如: 表示动作行为:走、坐、听、看、批评、宣传、保卫、学习、研究、进行、开始、停止、禁止 表示存在变化消失:存在、在、有、等于、发生、演变、发展、生长、死亡、消灭 表示心理活动:爱、恨、伯、想念、打算、喜欢、希望、害伯、担心、讨厌 表示判断:是 表示可能意愿必要(助动词):能、能够、会、可以、愿、愿意、肯、敢、要、应当、应该、配、值得 表示趋向(趋向动词):上、下、进、出、回、开、过、起、来、上来、下来、进来、出来、回来、 开来、过来、起来、去、上去、下去、进去、出主、回去,开去、过去 动词的语法特点: 1.一部分动词可以重叠,表示“动作短暂”或“尝试”的意思,是时态的表示法。 单音节动词重叠形式是:AA 看——看看想——想想 试——试试讲——讲讲 双音节动词重叠形式是:ABAB 学习——学习学习批评——批评批评 讨论——讨论讨论休息——休息休息 动词比较复杂,有的需要加以说明。 1.动词“是” I. “是”用在名词前边是动词,这种“是”常常表示主语“等于什么”或“属于什么”。例如“鲁迅就是周树人”、“牛是反刍动物”、“他是个开车的”、“是他救了我”;此外,“这一年,人家都是丰年,我是歉年,收完秋就没吃的了”等里面的“是”仍是动词,作谓语。 II. “是”用在动词、形容词前边,表示肯定,含有“的确”、“实在”的意思,可以看作语气副词,作状语,例如“我〔是〕懂了”、“他〔是〕勇敢”、“这样做〔是〕好”。
动词形式填空20题 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. 1 The first two factors must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence ______ (make). 2 I hope her health ____ (improve) greatly by the time we come back next year. 3 While you were in London that year, the London Bridge ____ (repair). 4 I was shocked to hear that your house ____ (break) into. 5 He said that he would be able to see me when he ____ (write) that letter. 6 Two of the glasses were broken when they ____ (wash). 7 I bought a new house, but I ____ (not sell) my old one yet, so at the moment I have two house. 8 John isn’t a diligent student, for it is the third time he ____ (be) late, isn’t it? 9 John always works in his lab and makes a lot of experiments. He ____ (make) experiments all afternoon and ____ (not finish) yet. 10 For the last two years, he ____ (write) a history of The American Civil War. He will have completed it by the end of July. 11 She ____ only ____ (study) her lesson for ten minutes when her little sister interrupted her. 12 Officials warned consumers not to eat the apples that ____ (contaminate) by insecticides. 13 No sooner ____ the words ____ (speak) than he realized that he ____ (remain) silent. 14 It ____ (be) very cold lately, but it’s beginning to get a bit warmer. 15 What a busy scene there! When we arrived at the airport, the goods ____ (just unload). 16 I hope that everything I have told you ____ (not forget) by the next lesson. 17 I assure you that the matter ____ (attend) to as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. 18 I was tired out because all day long I ____ (work) very hard at the construction site. 19 When they go to the factory to have practice ____ (not tell) them so far. 20 This time tomorrow you ____ (sit) here doing some more exercises. --从句引导词选择35题 Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1 With Miss Sullivan’s patience and tende rness, little Helen ____ people all thought would not have lived for long overcame her deafness and blindness and became a good writer. A which B whom C who D as 2 All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty ____ it comes to specifics. A before B as C since D when 3 We were heartedly arguing about the financial matter, ____ the telephone rang unexpectedly. A while B as C when D as soon as 4 We must keep in touch. Please give me your telephone number ____ I need your help. A now that B unless C so that D in case 5 ____ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once. A Granted that B If only C By now D Now that 6 We hope that the measures to control prices, ____ taken by the government, will eventually succeed. A when B as C since D after 7 ____ they will not come to join us in the work, we have to change our plan to adapt ourselves to the new situation. A For B Seeing that C When D As soon as
语法——词类及词性 一、词的分类 词,是语言里最小的、可以自由运用的单位。 例:山、水、走、兴奋、玻璃、坦克、中国、人民、奥林匹克、中华人民共和国…… 根据语法功能和意义,一般把汉语的词分成两大类: 1.实词——表示实在意义的词,有名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词。 2.虚词——不表示实在意义而表示语法意义的词,有:副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词、拟声词。 二、词性 名词:表示人或事物名称的词。 1、人事名词:如,人学生鲁迅《离骚》政治文化 2、时间名词:如,春天上午星期天母亲节刚才 3、处所名词:如,上海中国远处周围里屋郊区 4、方位名词:如,上下左右前里外旁内东西 判断方法: 1、能受数量词修饰。两个城市一些学生一点儿水 2、不受副词“不”修饰。 3、语法功能:经常作主语、宾语 名词歌诀: 人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。 时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定谓都可作,名词具有多功能。 动词:表示动作、行为、存现、变化、消失、判断、心理活动等的词。 1、表示动作、行为:表动作、行为。如,走看说 2、表示存现、消失、或发展变化:进行、开始、有 3、心理活动动词:如,想爱恨怕喜欢担心 4使令动词:表指使、命令或请求。如,使叫让派请求禁止 5、能愿动词:(助动词)如,能会可以愿肯敢要应应该(跟动词、形容词等组成能愿短语。如,能够解决) 6、趋向动词:如,来去上进出回过开上来起来 7、判断动词:主要是“是”,以及同“是”相当的“为”等。 动词的判断方法: 1、不能受“很” 修饰(除能愿和心理活动动词外) 2、标志:“着”“了”“过” 3、用带趋向动词或重叠的方式来表示动作行为的状态、趋向等。 动词: 世间万物皆运动,于是动词相应生。行为动作和发展,存在消失与变更。 心理活动及判断,一概可作谓语用。能愿趋向两动词,配合谓语意更明。 形容词:表示形状、性质、状态的词。 1、表示形状如,长、短、粗、高大…… 2、表示性质如,高尚、乐观、懦弱…… 3、表示状态如,迅速、朦胧、遥远…… 判断方法: 1、一般能用程度副词“很”等修饰(少数本身就表示程度“雪白、完美”等)。 2、大多可以按AA或AABB的方式重叠。如,小小(的)高高大大
现代汉语的词性分类 的词可以分为12类。 :名词、、形容词、、和。 :、、、、叹词、。 1.名词:表示人和事物的名称的实词。如:"黄瓜、白菜、拖拉机、计算机"。 1、表示专用名称的叫做"专有名词",如"云南、上海、李白、白居易"。 2、表示抽象事物的名称的叫做"抽象名词",如"范畴、思想、质量、品德、友谊、方法"。 3、表示方位的叫做"方位名词",如"上""下""左""右""前""后""中""东""西""南""北""前面""后边""东边""南面""中间"等。 2.动词:表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。 1、有的动词表示一般的动作,如"来、去、说、走、跑、学习、起飞、审查、认识"等。 2、有的动词表示心理活动,如"想、重视、注重、尊敬、了解、相信、佩服、惦念"等,这样的动词前面往往可以加上"很、十分"。 3、有的动词表示能够、愿意这些意思,叫做"能愿动词",它们是"能、要、应、肯、敢、得(dei)、能够、应该、应当、愿意、可以、可能、必须",这些能愿动词常常用在一般的动词前面,如"得去、能够做、可以考虑、愿意学习、应该说明、可能发展"。 4、还有一些动词表示趋向,叫做"趋向动词",如"来、去、上、下、进、出、上来、上去、下来、下去、过来、过去、起;,它们往往用在一般动词后面表示趋向,如"跳起来、走下去、抬上来、跑过去"。 5、"是""有"也是动词,跟动词的用法一样,“是”也称为判断动词。有与无对应是存在性动词。 3.形容词:表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、状态等,如“多、少、高、 矮、胖、瘦、死板、奢侈、胆小、丑恶、美丽、红色……”。 状态形容词通红、雪白、红通通、黑不溜秋等前面不能加“很”。
英语中各种词性的意义及用法 1、名词,Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称的词,按意义分类 ①专有名词 表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲)、the People’s Republic Of China(中华人民共和国)。 专有名词如果是含有名词短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。 ②普通名词 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如: box, pen,tree,apple按是否可数分类 名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns) ①不可数名词 不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表 示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词 a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 ②可数名词 可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。 2、代词,Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词的词,大多数代词具有名词和形 容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代 词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 如:We, this, them, myself 3、动词,Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态的词,如:Jump,sing,visit,它又分为及物动 词和不及物动词两大类: ①及物动词:字典里词后标有transitive verb(vt.)的就是及物动词。及物动词后 一般必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。必须加宾语意思才完整的动词,就是及物动词。 ②不及物动词:不及物动词是不需要受词的动词。字典里词后标有intransitive verb (vi.)的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾 语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at等后方可跟上宾语。 ③系动词:联系动词或称不完全不及物动词,虽有意义,但不完全,需要加名词、形 容词、代名词等作主词补语以补足其意义。常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有: look (看起来,看上去), feel (感觉), taste (尝起来), smell (闻起来),get (变得),turn(变),become(成为,变得),sound (听起来)等。 例如: The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气 变暖和了,树变绿了。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The soup taste nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。
语文语法基础知识——词性 一、实词: A、名词:表示人和事物名称的词。 表示人的名称,如同志、作家、鲁迅、学生 表示具体事物,河流、高山、长江、高原 表示抽象事物,如政治、科学、政治、文化 表示时间名称,上午、夏天、星期六 表示处所名称:上海、中国、美国 表示方位名称:上、下、左、右、里、外(简称方位词) 名词的语法特点:①名词一般不受副词修饰(如“不”和“很”,“不中国”×),而受形容词修饰(如“美丽中国”)。②语法用法:作主语、宾语例如:雷锋是我们学习的榜样。小鸟飞上了高高的柳树。 B、动词:是表示动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等意义的词。 表示动作、行为:坐、听、说、打、开始、进行eg:听课 表示存现、消失或发展变化:有、发生eg:发生地震,有.钱 表示心理活动:爱、恨、喜欢、希望、担心、怕eg:恨他 表示使令:叫、让eg:老师叫你 表示可能、意愿(能愿动词):能、会eg:我会了 表示趋向(趋向动词):来、去eg:来一下 表示判断(判断词):是eg:我是学生 动词的语法特点:①动词一般受副词“不”的修饰(“不听”),心理动词受“很”修饰(“很喜欢”) ②动词后面可以带“着、了、过”,表示动态。eg:雨一直下着 ④判断词“是”主要是联结句子的主语和宾语。 ⑤能愿动词后面不能跟名词,能愿动词可以和后面的动词一起作谓语中心语。eg:我能算 ⑥趋向动词可以单独作谓语中心语,也可以在谓语中心语后面作补语。eg:你走来 ○7语法用法:作谓语例如:他正在听课。小王对他的表弟说了几句话 C、形容词:是表示事物的形状、性质、状态的词。 表示事物形状的:高、矮、胖、瘦、大、小eg:高高的树 表示事物性质的:漂亮、结实、丑陋、疏松、干净eg:漂亮的衣服 表示事物状态的:快、慢eg:走得慢慢的蜗牛 形容词的语法特点:①大多数形容词可以受副词“很”“很丑”),能带“的”(“高的”) ②语法用法:作谓语和定语例如:(激烈的)战斗打响了(作谓语)。这棵树太大了(作谓语) D、数词:是表示数目的词。 表确数:(表示分数,整数和倍数)三分之一、5、三万、6倍 表概数(约数):几、许多 表序数:第一、老三 数词的语法特点:①数目增加,可以用分数表示,也可以用倍数表示;数目减少,只能用分数,不能用倍数。 ②语法用法:作定语和补语,例如:(一艘)小船慢慢地漂了过来(作定语)。我比他大〈一岁〉(补语)。 E、量词:是表示事物和动作、行为单位的词。 表示事物单位的量词叫数量词。 表示动作、行为单位的量词叫动量词。 量词的语法特点:①表示物量的数量词常用在名词的前面。eg:一尺布一口人一斗米一杆称 ②表示动量的数量词数量词常用在动词的后面。eg:开一枪 ③语法用法:作定语或补语。例如:(一辆)马车从我的面前驶过(定语)。他说了我〈两句〉(补语)。 F、代词:起代替或指示作用的词。 人称代词:我、你、他、她、它(门)、咱们、您 疑问代词:谁、什么、哪、哪里、多少、怎么eg:你说什么 指示代词:这、那、这儿、那儿、其他eg:这儿有水 代词的语法特点:①第二人称的敬称“您”不用于复数,如果需要表示复数,就用“您几位”“您诸位” ②第三人称复数代词“他们”可专指男性,也可兼指男性和女性,“她们”则专指女性 ③注意“我们”和“咱们”用法的区别。“我们”指说话人,有时也可以包括听话人;“咱们”一定包括说话人和听话人 ④语法用法:作定语、主语或宾语例如:我们是毛主席的红卫兵(做主语)。(你们的)心真是黑透了(做定语)。真正的勇士永远是我们(做宾语)!