Class:______ Group:______ No.:_____ Name:__________ 评价:__________ 【Learning aims】
1. To master the usage of 4 words, 6 phrases and 2 sentence patterns to use them freely.
2. To build the knowledge system by self-directed study and cooperation.
【Instructions】
1. 自主学习：对照基础知识，总结归纳词汇用法并自主构建知识树。
2. 限时完成导学案合作探究部分，书写规范。
【探究案】
Task I.请你在课文中标记出基础知识自主构建学案上的单词和短语，根据词汇表所提供的意思，
画出单词用法知识树，并在在语境中掌握理解用法。
根据例句，每个用法编制一个汉语例句，邀请对桌同学翻译成英语句子。
1. pretend
2. admit
3. apologize
4. blame
5. be based on
6. end up
7. thanks to
8.倒装句型
Task II. Multiple choice
1. ---Y ou must apologize ______ your sister ______ being so rude.
---No way! It’s her fault.
A. to; to
B. for; for
C. for; to
D. to; for
2. ---What’s wrong with Linda?
---She can’t help ______ when she can’t help ______ a problem.
A. crying; solving
B. cry; solving
C. crying; solve
D. cry; solve
3. ---What made our teacher so upset?
---Lily didn’t pass the exam, but her parents ______ the failure on the teacher.
A. considered
B. commented
C. forgave
D. blamed
4. ---Jack made a decision finally.
---But he changed it ______. Y ou know he is always changeable.
A. long before
B. in advance
C. before long
D. in relief
5. The policeman ______ to be reading a newspaper. In reality, he was watching the man near the window.
A. pretended
B. hesitated
C. swore
D. determined
6. My friend asked me some ______ questions in public, which made me very embarrassed.
A. cheerful
B. cruel
C. awkward
D. powerful
7. ---Christina, you had a wonderful time at your birthday party, didn’t you?
—______, and ______.
A. So did I; so my friends did
B. So I did; so did my friends
C. So I did; so my friends did
D. So did I; so did my friends
大学英语精读一作业（二）参考答案 注意：以下题目为样卷，实际考试中题目顺序可能会随电脑抽样有所调整，请注意看清题目再做选择。 单选：第1题（3分 第一部分：交际用语 1.Would you please give me a hand Sorry, I am very busy at the moment 2. Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time. It doesn't matter 3. Wish you a happy holiday. Thank you, the same to you. 4. What can I do for you, sir? I want a pair of shoes 5. Can I speak to Mr. Wang? Sorry, he is not in. 第二部分：阅读理解 6. What is a credit card? a card which you can use to buy things and pay for it later 7. What is NOT true about credit cards? They are issued by governments. 8. What is the average interest rate on credit cards in America? 13.50% 9. Late payments for credit cards can bring profit to _____. Banks 10. According to the passage, who can reduce people's credit limits? Banks 11. The method developed by some scientists in the United States can be used to _______. predict an earthquake 12. Why did the earthquake which hit southwestern China in May cause so many deaths? Both A and B. 13. What is California's San Andreas Fault famous for? Earthquakes 14. The Nature magazine is about_________? Science 15. What is NOT true about the experiments done by Fenglin Niu and his team? The experiments forced air out of small cracks in the rock. 16. Don't push, let's get on the bus_____. in turn 17. They have done ____ work these days. too much 18. You _____ do that, if you don't want to. needn't 19. He has got a bad cold. He ______ last night. couldn't have gone out 20. ______a chance, I can also finish that by myself. Given 第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分 21.18-year-old 22.But 23.spend https://www.doczj.com/doc/2915962186.html,ter 25.biggest 26.until 27.to 28.instead 29.set up 30.running 简答
综合作业 1. (单选题) She is my best friend, so I know her very ______. ( )(本题1.0分) A、good B、fine C、nice D、well 学生答案： D 标准答案：D 解析： 得分： 1 2. (单选题) Here is a piece of advice on how to learn English well. ______ it, please. ( )(本题1.0分) A、Have B、Get C、Carry D、Take 学生答案： D 标准答案：D 解析： 得分： 1 3. (单选题) How long have you____? ( )(本题1.0分) A、married B、be married C、got married
D、been married 4. I don’t understand ____ believe him.(C) 学生答案： D 标准答案：D 解析： 得分： 1 4. (单选题) I don’t understand ____ believe him.（）(本题1.0分) A、why don’t you B、why you not C、why you don’t D、why not you 学生答案： C 标准答案：C 解析： 得分： 1 5. (单选题) ----Look, it’s going to rain. ----Really ? ______ , I don’t take a raincoat with me. ( )(本题1.0分) A、I’m afraid not B、I hope not. C、Good idea D、I hope so. 学生答案： B 标准答案：B 解析： 得分： 1 6. (单选题) It was too noisy, ______ we couldn’t hear _____ he said at the meeting. ( )(本题1.0分)
大学英语精读二作业二参考答案 注意：以下题目为样卷，实际考试中题目顺序可能会随电脑抽样有所调整，请 注意看清题目再做选择。 第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 1.How would you like to mail it? 答案：By air mail, please 2.____________. You too! 答案：Merry Christmas! 3.Can I borrow your digital camera for a couple of days? 答案：Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey 4.I've just heard that the tickets for Swan Lake have been sold out! Oh, no! ________. 答案：I was looking forward to it 5.It's very thoughtful of you to give me a ride. -____________. 答案：My pleasure 第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） Passage 1 Gail and Howard liked to travel. Every holiday they went to a different place. They were always careful when they left the house. They locked the doors and windows. Then Gail took the extra keys and left them with her mother. Gail and Howard spent two weeks camping in the mountains. They had a great time, but when they came home, all they wanted to do was to sleep. They both looked for the keys everywhere,
第2次作业 一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分） 1. Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet than people do now, since they ate species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in the world of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis asks: "Only the three major cereals (谷物类食物)and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the world" s human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing something?” After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth. (1). Tn prehistoric times people. A.ate much more than we do today B.lived mainly on plant food C.had a wide-ranging diet D.were more fussy about what they ate (2). Most of us have come to expect A. no variation in our diet B. a reduction in food supplies C. a specialist diet D. food conforming to a set standard (3). The specialization of food was started by
第二次作业 1.semilog plot ： 程序： clear all ; x=1:1:5; y=[15,25,55,115,144]; semilogy(x,y,'rs--','MarkerFaceColor','g','LineWidth',2,'MarkerEdgeCo lor','k','MarkerSize',10); xlabel('years'); ylabel('number of students'); title('growth trend'); xlim([0 6]); 运行结果： 012 3456 10 1 10 2 10 3 years n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s growth trend 2.bar graph ： 程序： clear all ; x=1:1:5; y=rand(1,5);
bar(x,y,'r'); title('Bar graph of 5 random values'); 运行结果： 12345 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Bar graph of 5 random values 3.插入和面绘制： 程序： clear all ; z0=rand(5,5); x=1:5; [x0,y0]= meshgrid(x,x); y=1:0.1:5; [x1,y1]= meshgrid(y,y); %meshgrid 生成绘制3-D 图形所需的网格数据 z1=interp2(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1); surf(z1); %surf 命令绘制得到的是着色的三维曲面 shading interp ; %shading interp 会区分每个线型区域 的颜色，并且插入与其相近的颜色 colormap(hsv); hold on ; contour(z1); %绘制二维等值线图 colorbar; caxis([0 1]);
第二次作业及参考答案 1如何设计实验条件使欲了解的电极基本过程（如电化学反应过程）成为电极系统的受控过程？ 答：设计实验条件使欲了解的电极基本过程成为电极系统的受控过程，需要了解该电极过程在电极总过程中的具体位置。例如对于简单电极过程，电极过程等效电路为： 要使电化学反应过程（等效电路元件为Rct）成为电化学测量过程中电极过程的受控步骤，即要使得电极过程的等效电路简化为 则应该设计如下实验条件： （1）采用鲁金毛细管、高导电率的支持电解质或断电流法、恒电位仪正反馈法等措施，以减小或补偿掉电解液欧姆电阻，电极的电子导体选用高导电率材料作电子导电物质，以减小或忽略掉电子导体的欧姆电阻； （2）电化学测量时采用小幅值外加激励信号，当外加激励作用于电极一段时间、双电层充（放）电结束但浓差极化还没出现时进行测量，以忽略双电层充放电过程和浓差极化的影响。 （3）当电化学反应物可溶时，可采用旋转圆盘电极、在适宜的高转速下对电极进行测量，以忽略浓差极化对电极过程研究的干扰。 2什么是支持电解质？作用是什么？ 答：支持电解质：电导率强、浓度大、在电化学测量过程中承担溶液电迁移任务而不参与电化学反应的物质。可以使溶液的离子强度和电导率在测量过程中保持稳定，获得重现性良好的可靠数据。作用：（1）增强溶液导电性，减小溶液欧姆压降；（2）承担溶液电迁移任务，消除反应物或产物的电迁移传质；（3）支持电解质浓度大，离子迁移数大，溶液离子强度主要取决于支持电解质，可以忽略测量过程中因反应物或产物离子消耗引起的离子强度的变化，电极反应各物种扩散系数可近似视为常数；（4）有利于紧密双电层电容的构建，减小分散层电势（1电势）的影响；（5）加入支持电解质后溶液密度大，可以忽略因电活性物质浓度梯度引起的溶液密度差，从而减小或忽略界面附近的对流传质。 3 工作电极分类？ 答：按电极是否作为反应物参与电极反应，工作电极分为两类：第一类工作电极和第二类工作电极。第一类工作电极可称为活性工作电极，电极既承担电子导电的任务，又作为反应物参与电极反应。第二类工作电极又称为惰性工作电极，
Unit 1 1.我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。It's wrong to hear our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because they will approach them as citizens very soon. 2.随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际商务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。With the passage of time we are inevitably increasing involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests among nations. 3.我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be so. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 4.信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。Information is now immediately available. An average computer can store as much information as a small library dose. 5.那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。我们必须找一个专门建造歌剧院的公司。That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They don't have any legal document that can certify they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatre. 6.这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。These think tanks do nor make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 7.国内生产总值不是一切。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就不能说已经现代化了。The growth of GDP is not everything. It cannot be said that our country has been modernized unless the quality of our people's lives is really improved. 8．虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然很幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹、黄鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields. 9.只要给某一个人或某一群人以绝对权力，那这个人或这一群人就肯定会滥用权力，因为正如阿克顿勋爵说，“权力使人腐败，绝对权力绝对使人腐败。”Give absolute power to any individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group is sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. 10.在我们国家，传统上都认为“万般皆下品，惟有读书高”。In traditional Chinese notion, school education was more important and useful than all other pursuits. 1.总理明天将赴纽约出席联合国会议。The premier is leaving for New York for a UN conference tomorrow. 2.在纽约期间他将会晤一些国家的政府首脑。He is to meet several heads of government during his stay in New York. 3.国庆长假期间你打算干什么？回家还是呆在校园里？What are you going to do during the long National Day holidays? Are you going home or staying on campus?
题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 __________ each question, the teacher writes the correct answer and three other statements that look like correct ones. ?A、As to ?B、Except fo ?C、Along with ?D、In addition 标准答案：c 说明： 题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 The army has _____________ a successful attack on the anti-government organization. ?A、computerized ?B、achieved ?C、scheduled ?D、completed 标准答案：d 说明： 题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 __________ brought up and educated in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City. ?A、Since ?B、As
?C、Although ?D、When 标准答案：c 说明： 题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 ____________ all the electronic devices, computers have the greatest significance in modern technology. ?A、On ?B、In ?C、with ?D、Of 标准答案：d 说明： 题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 If we compare the weather in Nanjing ___________ in London, we find there are many differences. ?A、with it ?B、with that ?C、and ?D、with 标准答案：b 说明： 题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 It will not take more than five hours ____________ to Beijing by train by the end of the year.
数据挖掘第二次作业 第一题： 1. a)Compute the Information Gain for Gender, Car Type and Shirt Size. b)Construct a decision tree with Information Gain. 答案： a)因为class分为两类：C0和C1，其中C0的频数为10个，C1的频数为10，所以class 元组的信息增益为Info(D)==1 1.按照Gender进行分类： Info gender(D)==0.971 Gain(Gender)=1-0.971=0.029 2.按照Car Type进行分类 Info carType(D)= =0.314 Gain(Car Type)=1-0.314=0.686 3.按照Shirt Size进行分类： Info shirtSize(D)=
=0.988 Gain(Shirt Size)=1-0.988=0.012 b)由a中的信息增益结果可以看出采用Car Type进行分类得到的信息增益最大，所以决策树为： 第二题： 2.(a) Design a multilayer feed-forward neural network (one hidden layer) for the data set in Q1. Label the nodes in the input and output layers. (b)Using the neural network obtained above, show the weight values after one iteration of the back propagation algorithm, given the training instance “(M, Family, Small)". Indicate your initial weight values and biases and the learning rate used. a)
财政学第二次作业及答案 1,财政分配的对象都是社会产品中剩余产品或与其对应的( C ) A 产值 B 利润 C 价值 D 收益 2,政府以国家信用为依托取得的财政收入是( B ) A 存款 B 公债 C 税收 D 罚款 3、价格的变动会影响企业的( B )，进而影响财政收入。 A、所得 B、营业额 C、财务 D、会计核算 4、财政收入的数量界限即财政收入占国民收入比重，该界限的确定具有（ C ） A、主观性 B、重要性 C、客观性 D、现实性 5、( D )的职能是指借助合适的财政政策克服高的失业率和通胀。 A、监督 B、收入分配 C、聚财 D、稳定经济 6、征税活动的各种规定即( A ) A、税制 B、准则 C、税法 D、条例 7、现行营业税征税范围主要局限于( C ) A、工业B商业 C、第三产业D、农业 8、关税是对( C )我国关境的货物和物品征收的税。 A、进入 B、出口 C、进出 D、流入 9、我国经常性预算收入主要是指（ A ） A、各项税收 B、利润 C、收费 D、债务 10、国家基本的财政计划称为（ B ） A、经济计划 B、国家预算 C、收支方案 D、国家扶算 11、国家信用的基本形式是（ C ） A、税收 B、利润 C、国债 D、财政贷款 12、预算外资金是( B )的组成部分。 A、预算内资金 B、财政资金 C、银行资金 D、国债 13、处理各级财政之间关系的制度称为（ B ） A、财政体制 B、预算管理体制 C、税收体制 D、国有企业财务体制 14、第二步利改税于( D )年实施。 A、1979 B、1980 C、1983 D、1984 15、国有资产管理的宗旨是（ C ） A、提高效益 B、增加收益 C、实现国有资产保值增值 D、加强资产监督 16、财政政策总是从( A )角度影响经济运行的。 A、需求 B、供给 C、总量 D、分配 17、税收收入的自动变化是指( B )的税收收入。 A、比例征税 B、累进征税 C、固定总额税 D、免税 18、财政收入中，凭借资产所有权获得的收入是（ B ） A、税收收入 B、国有资产收益 C、债务收入Ｄ、公共收费 19、在增值税税法中，允许企业扣除外购货物、劳务已纳的增值税及外购固定资产当期折旧部分所含增值税的，则其增值税属于( B )。 Ａ、生产型Ｂ、收入型Ｃ、固定型Ｄ、消费型 20、我国现行个人所得税实行( A ) Ａ、分类所得税制Ｂ、综合所得税制Ｃ、分类与综合相结合的所得税制Ｄ、个人自行纳税制度 21、在经济衰退时期，财政政策的内容是（ B ）
一、阅读理解（共1道小题，共25.0分） 1. (错误)According to a Xinhua News Agency report, residents of China’s five largest cities spent about 643 Yuan (US $80.37) each on sport in 2005, with Beijing topping the survey at about 880 Yuan (US $ 110) per person (The five cities were Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu). Chinese are more willing to part with hard-earned cash in pursuit(追求) of fitness than they were 10 years ago. In addition to participating in a variety of fitness（健康）classes, many are now even seeking private training. Almost every new fitness or entertainment（娱乐）product or idea finds a willing audience among the public, whether riding bikes or engaging in “hot” yoga. A young organizer of a Beijing folding-bike club said, “We take exercise not only for our own fitness, but considering our social responsibilities. For example, every day we ride folding bikes to and from our work places. This is our way of helping reduc e pollution in Beijing.” The city’s elderly actively participate in many of the city’s sports teams. In the early mornings in the park, it is easy to meet groups of the elderly using the national fitness facilities or practicing Taiji and kendo. One participant said, “We do not want to bring any burden to our children, so we care more about our health than ever before.” 1. Which of the following cities is not among the 5 largest cities of China? A. Shanghai B. Tianjin C. Beijing D. Wuhai 2. The citizens of which city spent the most money each on sport in 2005? A. shanghai B. Chengdu C. Beijing D. Wuhai 3. What are the basic means for people to pursue fitness? A. fitness classes alone B. sports teams alone C. fitness classes and private training D. fitness classes, private training and sports teams 4. People take exercise not only for their own fitness, but also for___. A. entertainment B. environmental pollution C. social responsibilities D. hard-earned cash 5. The elderly care more about their health because____. A. they want to reduce pollution in the city B. they like sports very much C. they like to be with other people D. they don’t want to bring any burden to their children
第2次作业 一、阅读理解(本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分) 1. There is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influential friends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be a comforting and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her col leagues. Tt al so meant that the factory was much 1 ess efficient than i t could have been. All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modern world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because their face fits. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine, which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it, once. The machine started up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, "This can't be right! $100 just for tapping a machine with a hammer?z，The engineer wrote out a new bill: 〃For tapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tap it, $99.〃 (1). It is believed that some people have succeeded in life because? A. they feel superior to others B. they are both influential and powerful c. they have some special advantages D.
一、单项选择（下列各题中只有1个选项是准确的，请将该选项的序 ‘ 1-泰罗科学管理理论的中心问题是( )。 A．促进科技进步 B．加强人的管理 C．提高劳动生产率 D．增强责任感 2．在制定计划的时候，要留有余地，以防止意外事件的发生。这一点体现了计划的( )特征。 A．效率性 B．灵活性 C．主导性 D．目的性 3．传统的目标设定过程是由企业的最高管理者完成的，现代管理学提倡采用( )。 A．参与制目标设定法 B．专家目标设定法 C．员工目标设定法 D．过程性目标设定法 4．战略管理是以组织全局为管理对象来确定组织发展的远景和总体目标，规定组织总的行动纲领。这就是战略管理的( )特征。 A．竞争性 B．纲领性 C．全局性 D．客观性 5．日常生产经营活动中为了合理组织业务活动、提高效率而作出的决策就是日常管理决策，又称为( )。 A．战略性决策 B．业务性决策 C．策略性决策 D．战术性决策 6．考评管理人员的理解能力和组织执行能力主要通过向( )获取信息。 A．上级部门 B．关系部门 C下属部门 D．协作部门 7．沟通的深层次目的是( )。 A．展示才能和影响力 B．激励或影响人的行为 C．将工作布置下去 D．将信息传递给别人 8．赫茨伯格提出的双因素理论认为，( )不能直接起到激励的作用，但能防止人们产生不满情绪。 A．激励因素 B．保健因素 C．成就因素 D．效价因素 9．控制是一种动态的、适时的信息( )过程。 A.披露 B．下传 C．上报 D．反馈 10.在管理学中，组织的静态方面含义就是指( )。 A.人事关系 B．组织目标
C．组织结构 D．责权利关系 二、多项选择（下列各题中有2-4个选项是准确的，请将这些选项的 序号填入括号中。多选或少选均不得分。每小题2分，共10分） 11．马克斯·韦伯指出，任何组织都必须由某种形式的权力作为基础，才能实现目标。这些权力包括( )。 A．传统的权力 B．理性一合法的权力 C．纯粹的权力 D．超凡的权力 12. -个高效率的领导班子，其组成人员必须搭配合理。这些构成要素包括( )。 A.兴趣结构 B．能力结构 C．知识结构 D．年龄结构 13.当一个人的需要得不到满足，会产生挫折感，受挫后的防范措施一般有( )。 A.紧张不安的措施 B．积极进取的措施 C．消极防范的措施 D．寻求激励的措施 14．战略计划与作业计划相比较，下列说法准确的是( )。 A．战略计划的内容具有纲领性 B．战略计划的对象是组织全局 c．战略计划的风险性较高 D．战略计划的任务是提供实现目标的方法 15.定性决策方法是决策者根据所掌握的信息，通过对事物运动规律的分析来进行决策的方法。主要的定性方法有( )。 A．德尔菲法 B．头脑风暴法 C．盈亏平衡点法 D．哥顿法 三、判断正误（下列各题有对有错，对的打√，错的打×。每小题2 分，共10分） 16．控制的实质就是使实践符合于计划，计划是控制的标准。( ) 17.在一个领导班子里，帅才应该多一些，以提高领导班子的整体领导能力。( ) 18.在组织管理中，冲突是不可避免的，管理者需要运用管理技巧有效地解决冲突，千万不能激发冲突。( ) 19.目标路径理论认为，环境因素和领导风格互为补充，下属的特质决定了他对环境因素及领导风格的评价。( ) 20．企业组织实施稳定型战略就是保持企业的原有状态。( ) 四、简答题（每小题10分，共40分） 21．如何理解管理的内涵？ 22.从组织内部提拔管理人员有哪些优缺点？ 23．简要说明需要层次论的主要内容。
Lesson 11 Language Study Para. 1: …where all life seem to live in harmony with its surroundings. More examples: racial harmony种族和睦domestic harmony家庭和睦 Tourism should develop in harmony with environment. harmonious (adj) relationships和睦的关系 to harmonize (vt) different approaches into unified strategies 将不同的方法统一起来使其成为统一的策略the concept of harmonious development Para. 10: To a larger extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegatation and its animal life have been molded ( ) by the environment. mold (n)模子，铸模，e.g. a jelly mould shaped like a rabbit (vt) The car body is molded in the factory. a figure of man moulded out of clay His character has been moulded more by his experences in life than by his education. . . Para. 10:… opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slightly. modify (vt) a. to change in form or character; alter b. to make less extreme, severe, or strong