2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with — or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.
It?s a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings — because there?s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn?t know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don?t approach me.”
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird.” We fear we?ll be 7 . We fear we?ll be disruptive.
Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from wha t we perceive is going to be more 11 .”
But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been embarrassed."
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] little [C] another [D] much
3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought
4. [A] message [B] code [C] notice [D] sign
5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misinterpreted [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people?s cortisol, which is stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn?t measure is whether people are still doing work when they?re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it?s not sur prising that women are more stressed at home.
But it?s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they?re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues — your family —have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they?re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all ele ctronic devices. Plus, they?re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it?s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______.
[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
[B] generated more stress than the workplace
[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A] Working mothers.
[B] Childless husbands.
[C] Childless wives.
[D] Working fathers.
23. The blurring of working women?s roles refers to the fact they_______.
[A] they are both bread winners and housewives
[B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office
24. The word “moola” (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means_______.
[A] energy
[B] skills
[C] earnings
[D] nutrition
25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_______.
[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment
[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
[C] household tasks are generally more motivating
[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text 2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree — lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that r ecruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a
parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis —that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact —was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-generatio n students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the …rules of the game,? and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don?t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students? educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not under stand how students …like them? can improve. ”
26. Recruiting more first-generation students has_______.
[A] reduced their dropout rates
[B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] missed its original purpose
[D] depressed college students
27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______.
[A] the problem is solvable
[B] their approach is costless
[C] the recruiting rate has increased
[D] their findings appeal to students
28. The study suggests that most first-generation students______.
[A] study at private universities
[B] are from single-parent families
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their collage
29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students_______.
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______.
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn?t talk about energy; we didn?t talk about passion.”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented — and not by coincidence. “Let?s not forget sports — in male-dominated corporate America, it?s still a big deal. It?s not explicitly conscious; it?s the idea that I?m a coach, and you?re my team, and we?re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning — and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can?t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg?s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you?ll be more likely to dev ote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.
But this seems to be the irony of officespeak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingl y absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it?s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that?s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, officespeak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.
31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become _______.
[A] more emotional
[B] more objective
[C] less energetic
[D] less strategic
32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to _______.
[A] historical incidents
[B] gender difference
[C] sports culture
[D] athletic executives
33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_______.
[A] revive historical terms
[B] promote company image
[C] foster corporate cooperation
[D] strengthen employee loyalty
34. It can be inferred that Lean In _______.
[A] voices for working women
[B] appeals to passionate workaholics
[C] triggers debates among mommies
[D] praises motivated employees
35. Which of the following statements is true about officespeak?
[A] Managers admire it but avoid it.
[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.
[C] Companies find it to be fundamental.
[D] Regular people mock it but accept it.
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. They survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.
[B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
[C] The possibility of full employment.
[D] The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they _______.
[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet
[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
[D] haven?t seen the weakness of the market
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US _______.
[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago
[B] shows a general tendency of decline
[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless
[D] is lower than before the recession
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, _______.
[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance.
40. The text mainly discusses _______.
[A] employment in the US
[B] part-timer classification
[C] insurance through Medicaid
[D] Obamacare?s trouble
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] You are not alone
[B] Don?t fear responsibility for your life
[C] Pave your own unique path
[D] Most of your fears are unreal
[E] Think about the present moment
[F] Experience helps you grow
[G] There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usua lly seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won?t last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life.
Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.
I want to share these old truths I?ve learned along the way.
41._____________________
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is ve ry real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42._____________________
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.
43._____________________
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44._____________________
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45._____________________
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that?s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it?s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don?t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can?t remember the journey well because we didn?t pay much attention to it. So we ass ume it was shorter.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2) call for volunteers.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comment.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
答案及解析
Section I Use of English
1. [试题考点]语意关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格首段第二句中后一部分even without a on a subway，需要填写一个名词。前半部分说到，人们沉迷于自己的手机，无视他人的存在，空格所在部分是让步状语，表明人们甚至在地铁上没有的情况下依然眼睛不离手机。由常识可知，地铁修建在地下，手机通常信号不足甚至没有信号，可见此处只能是“信号”，故选项[C] signal符合题意，为答案。
[干扰排除]其他三项意思分别为“票证”、“许可证”、“记录”，根据以上分析，空格所填词需要与地铁有关又与手机有关，这几项都不符合条件，故全部排除。
2. [试题考点]语意关系+不定代词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在句子的意思是：我们避免和他人交流是件悲哀的事，原因在于与你身边的陌生人交流，我们会收获_____。根据语意，很容易判断，与陌生人交流，我们会从中获益良多。选项中符合语意的只有much，故答案为选项[D]。
[干扰排除]其他三项代入原文，与文意不相符合，都不符合条件，故全部排除。
3. [试题考点]语意关系+固定搭配。
[解题思路]本题空格所在句前半部分成分完整，为主干结构，空格处需填入一个过去分词，与其后面的into your phone一起修饰主干部分。从句意可知：但你却认识不到这一点，_____你的手机之内。也就是说，由于你的注意力在手机之上，因此你体会不到与人交流的益处。从这里，可以判断_____into your phone为过去分词短语作定语，修饰主干中的you，对其进行说明。也就是说，所填词与into应构成“陷入，接入”的意思，四个选项中符合这一要求的只有plugged，代入原文意思是“但沉陷手机之中的你并不会领会到这一点，”故答案为选项[C] plugged。plugged into sth意思是“被连接到……”，如：The local system is plugged into the national telephone network.（这个地区性电话系统已与全国的电话网连接。）
[干扰排除]其他三项也能与into搭配，但意思各不相同。beaten into意思是“被强迫做……”，如：The student was beaten into obedience. （学生被迫服从。）guided into意思是“被引导进入……”，如：Through photographs taken through the microscope you will be guided into another dimension of reality.（通过显微机拍摄的照片，你会被带入另一维度的现实。）brought into意思是“被带进；被领进…”，如：He was brought into court for repayment of the debt.
（他被送交法庭要求偿还债务。）将它们代入原文，与文意都不符合，故全部排除。
4. [试题考点]语意关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于第二段最后一句：This universal protection sends the : “Please don?t approach me.” 空格词作谓语sends的宾语，其指代的内容是“Please don?t approach me.”（请不要靠近我。）联系上文可知，现在人们不愿与陌生人交流，只是关注于自己的手机。可判断此处是说，这种普遍的自我防御的姿态传递着别和我搭讪的意思。选项中符合这种语境的只有message（信息），故答案为选项[A]。
[干扰排除]其他三项的意思分别为“密码（code）”、“通知（notice）”、“标志（sign）”，由上下文可知，“别和我搭讪”并不是“密码”、“通知”或“标志”，因此，这三项与文意都不符合，故全部排除。
5. [试题考点]语意关系+介词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于第三段，需要填入一个介词，与动词hide构成搭配。screens这里指手机屏幕，联系上文所述人们不愿与陌生人交流，只是关注于自己的手机，可以判断这里是说人们将手机作为挡箭牌，避免与别人交谈。四个选项中能表达这一意思的只有behind，代入原文是说，人们躲在手机的后面，符合语境，故答案为选项[C]。
[干扰排除]这里所说的躲在手机的后面并不是实际意义的地理方位，故under、beyond都不适合，而hide from sth
意思是“躲避某物”，代入原文，意思是“是什么使我们需要躲避我们的手机呢”，不符合原文意思，故其他三项全部排除。
6. [试题考点]语意关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于第四段第二句，需填入一个动词，与as连用。第三段提出了疑问：什么原因使我们觉得需要躲避在手机后面？第四段对此现象进行了分析，原因在于内心的害怕，害怕与人搭讪时被拒绝，或者说害怕我们善意的亲近会被人“不可思议”。由此可知，我们害怕被人误解，选项中与此意相吻合的只有misinterpreted，故答案为选项[A]。misinterpret意思是“误解；误以为”，如：He misinterpreted her silence as indicating agreement. （他误以为她的沉默就是同意。）
[干扰排除]其他三项意思分别为“误用”（misapplied）、“错配”（mismatched）、“失调”（misadjusted），都不符合原文语境，故全部排除。
7. [试题考点]语意关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于第四段第三句：We fear we?ll be . 其前为We fear rejection…，其后为We fear we?ll be disruptive.可见这三个句式是并列的，它们的意思也是相一致的。那么与“我们害怕被拒绝”和“我们害怕妨碍别人”相一致，四个选项中只有judged可以填在此处，达到上下文的衔接。judged填入空格处，原文意思为“我们害怕被人评判”，合乎语境，故答案为选项[B]。
[干扰排除]其他三项代入原文，意思分别为“我们害怕被解雇”、“我们害怕被替代”、“我们害怕被耽误”，都不符合原文语境，故全部排除。
8. [试题考点]语意关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为Strangers are inherently to us（陌生人本来与我们是），需要填入一个形容词，来描述Strangers的特性。陌生人本来就是我们不认识的人，因此选项中unfamiliar（不熟悉的；不认识的）符合题意，故选项[D]为答案。
[干扰排除]其他三项代入原文，意思分别为“对我们而言，陌生人本来是不讲道理的”、“对我们而言，陌生人本来是忘恩负义的”、“对我们而言，陌生人本来是反传统的”，从文中都找不到相关的信息，故全部排除。
9. [试题考点]语意关系+形容词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为we are more likely to feel when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances（相比于朋友和熟人，我们与陌生人沟通时容易感到），空格处需要填入一个形容词，来描述我们与陌生人沟通时的感觉。观察下一句，To avoid this uneasiness，显然this uneasiness（不自在）所指即与陌生人沟通时的感觉。四个选项中，与uneasiness意思接近的形容词只有anxious，因此答案为选项[B]。
[干扰排除]其他三项的意思分别为“舒服的”、“自信的”、“愤怒的”，都与“不自在”相差太远，都不符合原文语境，故全部排除。
10. [试题考点]语意关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为To avoid this uneasiness, we to our phones，空格处需要填入一个动词，与介词to 构成搭配，说明我们为避免这种与陌生人沟通的不自在，我们利用手机来寻求一种途径。选项中只有turn 与to搭配，表示“转向，求助于”，符合上下文语义，故答案为[D]。
[干扰排除]attend to意思为“照顾；照料”，point to意思是“指向”，它们与宾语our phones构成的语意不合逻辑，故[A]、[B]项被排除。take to有三个意思：“躲入；逃入”，如：take to the forest（逃进森林）；“沉溺”，如：take to drink（染上了酗酒的恶习）；“喜爱”，如：Two keen minds take to each other.（敏锐的两颗心互相吸引。）人是不可能躲入手机之内的，故“躲入；逃入”的义项不合适；此处只是说为了避免与陌生人沟通的不自在，以手机为掩饰，谈不上“沉溺”或“喜爱”它，因此，选项[C]take也被排除。
11. [试题考点]语意关系+形容词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more ，该定语从句修饰our happy glasses，即手机，既然手机是我们的安乐毯（security blanket）、快乐的保护镜（happy glasses），也就是说手机可以保护我们免受危害，选项中与此意最相符的是dangerous，代入原文，意思为手机可使我们远离我
们觉得更危险的事物，故答案为选项[A]。
[干扰排除]空格所填词是我们对与陌生人交谈的主观感觉，选项[B] mysterious（神秘的）为中性词，并非使我们想要躲避的事物，不合题意，故排除。选项[C] violent意思是“暴力的”，与人交谈不可能是一种“暴力的”
行为，不合逻辑，故排除。选项[D] boring（无聊的）并非使人觉得需要得到保护以远离的事物，也不符合题意，故排除。
12. [试题考点]语意关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于第六段首句：But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't so bad.意思是“但当我们撕掉创可贴，将手机收入口袋，抬头向前，也并没有那么糟糕”，句首But表明该句与上文形成转折，上文说到我们将手机视为一种安全保障，可保护我们免受与陌生人交谈带来的危害，可见这里在说，即使我们丢掉手机，也不会有什么问题，与此意相符合的选项只有hurt，故答案为选项[A]。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项分别意为“抵制”、“弯曲”、“腐败”，句中it指撕掉创可贴、将手机收入口袋、抬头向前的举动，将这几个选项代入原文，逻辑不通，故全部排除。
13. [试题考点]语意关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为Start a ，空格处需要填入一个名词，作Start的宾语，这里是说实验人员让芝加哥通勤人员做一件他们觉得不可思议的事情，由上文可知这里是研究者进行的一项实验内容，根据该句后面一句中talk to可推断，实验者是让研究对象进行交谈，选项中与talk to对应的为conversation，故答案选项
[B]。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项分别意为“讲座”、“讨论”、“谈判”，将这几个选项代入原文，均不吻合题意，故全部排除。
14. [试题考点]语意关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow ，空格处需要填入一个名词，由their fellow…可知，这些芝加哥通勤人员所交谈的对象是和他们一样乘坐地铁的人们，即passengers，故答案为选项[D]。
[干扰排除]文中并未说明这些乘坐地铁者的身份，“雇员”、“研究者”、“受训者，实习生”都不能概括他们的身份，故全部排除。
15. [试题考点]语意关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的主干部分为Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people … to how they would feel…，动词不定式to how they would feel after talking to a stranger 作other people的补足语，在该不定式中，名词从句how they would feel又作空格所填动词的宾语。由would feel 可知，talking to a stranger尚未发生，那么空格处所填动词应是“想象，设想，猜测”等意思，并且在下一句中出现了the participants didn't expect a positive experience，更加说明本题答案为选项[C]predict。
[干扰排除]选项[A] reveal意思是“揭露；曝光”，其对象是被隐藏的事物，这里指与陌生人交谈的感受，并不符合，故排除。选项[B] choose意思是“选择”，选项[D] design意思是“设计”，它们无法与宾语how they would feel after talking to a stranger构成合乎逻辑的搭配，故被排除。
16. [试题考点]语意关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为the commuters thought their would be more pleasant，空格处需填入一个表示“旅程”的名词，由前文可知，这些commuters乘坐的是subway，选项中符合这一条件的只有ride，ride指乘客搭乘交通工具的一段时间，如：We went for a ride in her new car. （我们坐了一趟她的新汽车。）因此，本题答案为选项[D]。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项中，voyage 指航海航天的旅程，flight 指空中的航行，walk指步行，都不符合原文，故都被排除。
17. [试题考点]语意关系+短语动词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格所在部分为时间状语after they with the experiment，空格处需填入的词与with搭配，构成一个短语动词，宾语为the experiment，而此处they指代the participants（参加实验的人），也就是说这个短语动词表明受试者与实验的关系，观察四个选项，只有went through与with构成的搭配符合原文语境，go through with意思是“完成或采取行动”，如：He?s determined to go through with the marriage despite his parents? opposition.（他不顾父母的反对决心举办这桩婚事。）因此答案为选项[A]。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项，do away with sth意思是“摆脱某事物；废除某事物”，如：She thinks it?s time we did away with the monarchy. （她认为该是废除君主制的时候了。）catch up with意思是“赶上；追上”，后跟sb，如：After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up with the others. （他因病一学期未上课, 得努力赶上其他同学。）put up with sth意思是“忍受或容忍某事物”，如：I don't know how she puts up withhis cruelty to her. （我不明白她怎么能忍受他的虐待。）都不符合文意，故被排除。
18. [试题考点]逻辑关系+副词短语辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于最后一段的开始，需要填入一个表示逻辑关系的短语。上文说到，尽管那些放下手机与身边的乘客交流的人没有期待得到积极的回应，但他们并没有受到冷落。空格后指出，与那些没有与人交谈的人相比，报告称这些人的上下班路途更加愉快。可见这里是对上下的进一步说明，是一种递进的关系。
选项中符合这一条件的只有in fact，in fact是一种强调或递进，故答案为选项[C]。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项，in turn意为“轮流地，依次地”，不符合上下文关系，in particular意为“尤其是，特别是”，常用来表示例举，in consequence意为“结果”，表示因果逻辑关系，这三个选项都不符合原文逻辑，故全部被排除。
19. [试题考点]逻辑关系+连词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于最后一段第一句的最后部分，空格之前是一个定语从句which makes absolute sense（这是完全合理的），which指代的是主句所述的与那些没有与人交谈的人相比，报告称这些交谈者的路途更加愉快，空格之后的意思是人类的繁荣源于社会交往，可见空格之后的内容是在解释which makes absolute sense 的理由，空格前后是因果关系，故答案为选项[B]。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项，unless（除非）和if（如果）都表示条件关系，whereas（而；然而）表示转折关系，都不符合要求，故全部被排除。
20. [试题考点]语意关系+形容词辨析。
[解题思路]本题空格位于最后一段最后一句：It's that : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. 空格处需填入一个形容词，对冒号之后的内容进行描述。冒号之后的内容是对全文的总结：与陌生人交谈使你觉得与人有联系。联系前文，许多人对与陌生人交谈难以接受，害怕遭受尴尬，但实际上并非如此，与人交谈反而让人觉得更愉快。可见，与陌生人交谈并不是很难做的事情，四个选项中，与此相符合的只有simple，故答案为选项[B]。
[干扰排除]空格词是对冒号之后内容的描述，与陌生人交谈使你觉得与人有联系。同时，这一形容词还应被that修饰，that在此为副词，表明达到这样的程度或范围。显然，这一事实并非滑稽的或有趣的（funny），也称不上如此合乎逻辑的（logical），更谈不上稀有的（rare），故均被排除。
【全文翻译】
在当下的文化中，与陌生人交谈——或者哪怕是看陌生人一眼——几乎是无法接受的。我们周围每一个人的行为都很一致，人人只顾玩手机，甚至在没有信号的地铁上也是如此。
我们都想避免与他人交谈是一个可悲的现实，因为与我们周围的陌生人交谈会使我们获益良多。但埋头玩手机的人却认识不到这一点。这种普遍的自我防护行为传递着这样的信息：“别靠近我。”
是什么让我们觉得需要躲藏在手机的后面呢？
企业高管心理培训师Jon Wormann称，答案是恐惧。我们害怕被拒绝，或者说，我们害怕我们善意的社交举动被误认为莫名其妙。我们害怕被人评头论脚，我们害怕打扰别人。
我们本来就对陌生人不熟悉，因此，与朋友和熟人相比，我们在与陌生人交流时很有可能会感到紧张不安。为避免这种不自在，我们求助于我们的手机。“手机成为我们消除不自在的安乐毯，” Wormann 说到，“它们是我们幸福镜，使我们远离我们觉得更危险的事物。”
然而，一旦我们抛弃给我们带来暂时安全的手机，将其塞入口袋，抬起头来，也没有多大的坏处。在一项2011年进行的实验中，行为科学家Nicholas Epley和Juliana Schroeder让通勤者做一件他们觉得不可思议的事情：主动与人聊天。他们要求芝加哥列车上的通勤者与一起乘车的陌生人交谈。“当Epley博士和Schroeder女士询问同一车站的其他人猜想一下与陌生人交谈后的感受时，这些人认为如果他们独自坐着，旅途可能会更惬意，”《纽约时报》这样概括道。尽管那些参与实验者没有期待得到积极的回应，但在完成实验之后，“没有一个人声称受到了冷落”。
事实上，与那些没有与人交谈的人相比，报告称这些人的上下班路途更加愉快。这是完全合乎情理的，因为人类的繁荣源于社会交往。就是如此简单：与陌生人交谈会让你觉得与人有联系。
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词most previous surveys定位到第一段。首段第一句说到，一项新研究表明，
与大多数调查相悖，人们实际上在家里比在上班时压力更大。既然该研究与之前的大多数调查结果相反，那么其前的大多数调查研究认为，人们在家里时比在上班时压力小。纵观各选项，选项[D]“与工作场所相比，（家里）更能让人放松”与文章表述一致，故为正确答案。
[干扰排除]选项[A]、[B] 分别意为“家里不是一个放松身心的地方”、“在家里会比上班时产生更多的压力”，这与新研究的结论相一致，并非之前的研究结果，故这两项被排除。第一段第二句说到，研究人员测量了人们在家时和上班时的肾上腺皮质素，发现人们在本该是避风港的家里数值更高，并没有提到家里是测量心理压力的理想场所，选项[C]属于过度推断，并且这也非题目所问，故被排除。
22. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词Damaske定位到第二段。研究人员Damaske发现，是男人而非女人声称
在家里比在上班时更快乐，这种情况对于有孩子或没孩子的父母都适用，尤其是对于没有孩子的（but more so for nonparents），也就是说没有孩子的父母在家里比在上班时更快乐，但男人又比女人感到更快乐，因此，认为在家里最快乐的是没有孩子的男人，故本题答案选项[B]。
[干扰排除]由以上分析可知，“有工作的母亲”、“没有孩子的妻子”和“有工作的父亲”其他三项都不正确。23. [解题思路]推理引申题。根据关键词The blurring of working women?s roles定位到第三段。前面的句子正是对
这种现象的解释：对许多男人而言，一天工作的结束就意味着休息。而对于呆在家里的女人而言，她们从来没有机会离开办公室，对于在外工作的女人而言，她们常常需要一回到家就赶做家务。从这里可以看出，职业女性既要工作赚钱，还要完成家务，她们的身份是双重的。因此，选项[A] they are both bread winners and housewives与此相一致，故为答案。
[干扰排除]选项[B]意思是“家里也是她们放松休息的地方”，由第三段第二句可知，这指是男人的情况，故排除。选项[C]意思是“经常有许多家务活儿需要做”，这一选项的内容源于第三段第四句，原文是说在外工作的女人一回家就需要赶做家务，而该选项只反映了职业女性需要做家务的一方面，没有表现她们工作赚钱的方面，故没有体现出角色的模糊，因此排除。选项[D]根据原文第三段第三句设置干扰，原文是说呆在家里的女性从来不离开办公室（即家），这里说的是家庭主妇的情况，也不符合题目要求，故排除。
24. [解题思路]语意理解题。根据关键词moola定位到第四段最后一句The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in
hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. 这一句清楚地表明了付出劳动和获得报酬之间的关系：“这一交易是非常纯粹的：雇员投入一定时间的体力或脑力劳动，从而得到维持生计的moola。”显而易见，moola就是工作收入，因此，选项[C]为正确答案。
[干扰排除]选项[A]energy、[B]skills与最后一句所提到的付出体力或脑力劳动相重复，这都是雇员投入的东西，而不是要获得的东西，故排除这两项。选项[D]nutrition意思是“营养”，这并不是人们工和的目的，故排除。
25. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词the home front定位到第五段第一句：On the home front, however, people
have no such clarity. （然而，在大后方，工作分工却不会这样明晰。）这是与第四段相对而言的，第四段介绍了工作场所的情况，人们清楚自己该做的事情，付出与报酬非常纯粹。第五段一开始就说到，家庭则不然，句中的such clarity指代就是第四段所说的工作分工情况，也就是家庭中的分工不是如此明晰的。第五段第二句Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.（家庭中的劳动分工甚少会如此客观而条理分明。）进一步说明了这一点。因此，家庭与工作场所的区别就在于劳动分工的明晰与否，故答案为选项[B]。
[干扰排除]选项[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment在原文找不到相关信息，故被排除。选项[C] household tasks are generally more motivating与原文不一致，原文说家里有许多事情要做，但回报是不够的，家人的劳动是没有明确的回报的，因此，劳务活儿并不能激励人，故被排除。第五段第三句说There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them，选项[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded与原文相反，故被排除。
【全文翻译】
一项新研究表明，与大多数调查相悖，人们实际上在家里比在上班时压力更大。研究人员测量了人们在家时和上班时的肾上腺皮质素（衡量压力大小的标志），家里本应是避风港，研究人员发现人们在家时肾上腺皮质素值却更高，
“与人们的普遍认识截然相反的是，我们发现女性与男性一样上班时的压力低于在家时的压力。”其中一位研究人员Sarah Damaske说道。她指出，事实上，女性甚至说她们上班时感觉更好。“声称在家里比在上班时更快乐的是男人而非女人。”另一个令人惊讶的事情是，这些研究结果对于无论是有孩子的父母还是没孩子的父母都适用，尤其适用于没有孩子的父母。”这就是在外工作的人身体更健康的原因。
这项研究没有考虑人们在家时是否还要干活儿，做的是家务活儿还是从办公室带回来的工作。对许多男人而言，一天工作的结束就意味着休息。而对于呆在家里的女人而言，她们从来没有机会离开办公室。对于在外工作的女人而言，她们常常需要一回到家就赶做家务。由于角色的模糊，以及职业女性在家时比在上班时更难调整自己，因此女性在家里时更有压力也就不足为奇了。
然而，这不仅仅是性别的问题。上班时，人们非常清楚自己该做的事情：工作，挣钱，完成必要的任务以获得收入。这种交易非常纯粹：雇员投入一定时间的体力或脑力劳动，从而得到维持生计的金钱。
然而，在家里，工作分工却不会这样明晰。家庭中的劳动分工甚少会如此客观而条理分明。家里有许多事情要做，但对大多数人而言回报是不够的。你的同事（家人）的劳动而获得的回报是不明确的。你需要说服他们来参与，如果他们是青少年，还得以没收他们所有的电子设备来威胁他们参与家务。另外，他们是你的家人。你不可能解雇他们。你永远也不能真正从家里回家。
因此，人们在家里压力更大是不奇怪的。不仅要做的活儿无穷无尽，激励同事（你的家人）干活儿的难度也更大。
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26. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词Recruiting more first-generation students定位到第一段第三句。该句说到，
一旦这些学生完成高等教育，他们很有可能提高经济收入，因此几十年来高校竞相多招录这些的学生。这可以说是高校招录这样的学生的初衷。接下来的句子说到，这样就出现了一种矛盾现象，因为一方面招收这样的学生，另一方面又看着他们中的许多人学业失败，这意味着高等教育在继续复制和加大因社会阶层不同而导致的成绩差距，而不是缩小这种差距。可见，这一结果说明高校招收第一代大学生的初衷并未实现。选项中与此相对应的是[C] missed its original purpose，故答案为[C]项。
[干扰排除]由文章第二句可知，第一代大学生的特点是成绩低下，辍学率高，选项[A]与此相反，故排除。由原文第四句可知，高校竞相招录第一代大学生并没有缩小成绩差距，选项[B]与此相反，故排除。选项[D]由第一段最后一句最后一部分according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal
Psychological Science设置干扰而成，该部分意思是，这一现象是发表在《心理科学》中的一篇文章的开头披露的，这一开头读来让人沮丧，并非高校招录第一代大学生使学生们不爽，故该选项也被排除。
27. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词The authors of the research article are optimistic定位到第二段But the article
is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem，很明显as引导的从句解释文章作者相当乐观的原因：它概述了解决这一问题可能的方案，选项[A] the problem is solvable是它的同义转述，故为答案。
[干扰排除]文章第二段说到，这一方法是举行一个几乎没有成本的（next-to-no-cost）时长一小时的课程，next-to-no-cost并不等于costless，故选项[B]与原文不一致，故排除。选项[C]、[D]意思分别为“招生率增加”、“学生们对研究发现感兴趣”，从原文找不到相关信息，故这两项也被排除。
28. [解题思路]推理引申题。根据关键词most first-generation students定位到第三段第三句Most of the
first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need…，该部分意思是大部分（59.1%）第一代大学生都接受了佩尔助学金，该联邦政府提供的助学金用于资助经济困难的本科生，由此可推断大多数第一代大学生经济上困难，需要救助，选项[C]与此相符，故为答案。
[干扰排除]文章第三段首句提到这项研究以147名来自一所未透露名字的私立大学的学生为研究对象，并非大多数第一代大学生上的是私立大学，故排除选项[A]。第一代大学生指的是父母都没有上过大学的学生，但文中并未提及这些学生是否来自单亲家庭，故排除选项[B]。文章只说许多第一代大学生学业失败，但没有具体数据，因此无法断定大多数第一代大学生都无法完成学业，故排除选项[D]。
29. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students定位到第四段
第一句Their thesis…was based on the view that first-generation students…，其中that从句是the view的同位语，说明了该论文的理论依据：第一代大学生可能最缺乏的不是潜能，而是如何处理问题的实用知识。也就是说他们在处理大学中遇到的问题时经验不足，因此选项[D]是该部分的同义重述，故为答案。
[干扰排除]文章提到了achievement gap，但没有关于第一代大学生对此的态度，故排除选项[A]。第四段第一句中的破折号之内的部分是该论文的观点：适度的干预就可以产生巨大的影响，这是指会对第一代大学生的影响，并非他们会对其他学生产生影响，故排除选项[B]。原文未提及第一代大学生申请科研项目的问题，选项[C]纯粹利用第一句的中lacking设置干扰，故排除。
30. [解题思路]推理引申题。根据关键词the last paragraph定位到最后一段。该段说到，许多第一代大学生努力去
适应高等教育的中产阶级文化，学习“游戏规则”，利用大学资源。高校不考虑不同学生群体所处的阶层对其产生好的或坏的影响，这使得问题更加严重。因为美国高校几乎不承认社会阶层会影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代大学生对自己身陷困境的原因缺乏深刻理解，也不明白像他们这样的学生如何提升自己。这一段提到他们的努力，但并没有使情况有所好转，其中原因在于学校不承认学生所处阶层对其教育的影响，可见，学校在第一代大学生与其他学生的学术成就差距方面也应负一部分责任。选项[D]与此相符合，故为答案。
[干扰排除]最后一段提到第一代大学生想努力融入中产阶级文化，说明大学体现的就是这种文化，因此谈不上排斥这种文化，故排除选项[A]。原文说到第一代大学生利用大学资源，并没有提及他们缺乏资源的情形，选项[B]与原文不符，故排除。原文说学生所处阶层会对其教育经历产生影响，由文中可知，对第一代大学生而言，这种影响是负面的，而不是极大丰富他们的教育经历，故排除选项[C]。
【全文翻译】
多年来的研究发现，父母没有上过大学的第一代大学生在与学业成绩相关的许多方面都落后于人。他们成绩低下，并且辍学率高。但一旦这些学生完成高等教育，他们很有可能提高经济收入，因此几十年来高校竞相多招录这些的学生。这样就出现了一种矛盾现象，因为一方面招收这样的学生，另一方面又看着他们中的许多人学业失败，这意味着高等教育在继续复制和加大因社会阶层不同而导致的成绩差距，而不是缩小这种差距。发表在《心理科学》期刊中的一篇文章在其开头披露了这一令人沮丧的现象。
但是这篇文章实际上相当乐观，因为它概述了一种可能解决这一问题的方法。该文章认为，这一方法通过举办一个几乎没有成本的时长一小时的课程，可以将第一代大学生与其他学生之间的学术成就差距（以成绩等因素
进行评定）减少63%。
这篇文章的作者来自不同的大学，他们的发现基于一项以一所未透露名字的私立大学的147名学生（他们均完成了这个项目）为研究对象的研究。第一代大学生被定义为父母均没有接受过四年大学教育的人。大部分（59.1%）第一代大学生都接受了佩尔助学金，该联邦政府提供的助学金用于资助经济困难的本科生，对于父母至少有一方受过四年大学教育的学生而言，接受佩尔助学金的比例只有8.6%。
这篇论文的作者们认为适度的干预就可以产生巨大的影响，该观点是基于这样的认识：第一代大学生可能最缺乏的不是潜能，而是如何处理他们大部分人都会遇到的问题的实用知识。他们援引了在此之前的一些研究，表明要缩小学业成就上的差距，必须缩小这种实用知识上的差距。
许多第一代大学生“努力去适应高等教育的中产阶级文化，学习…游戏规则?，利用大学资源”。他们在论文中写道。高校不考虑不同学生群体所处的阶层对其产生好的或坏的影响，这使得问题更加严重。“因为美国高校几乎不承认社会阶层会影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代大学生对自己身陷困境的原因缺乏深刻理解，也不明白…像他们?这样的学生如何提升自己。”
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31. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词Nancy Koehn定位到第一段第一句。该句说到，哈佛商学院的南茜?科恩
教授认为，即使在传统办公室，美国的企业通用语与二十年前相比已更加情绪化和右脑化。由此可知，选项
[A]emotional符合原文，故为答案。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项都是根据第一段最后一句There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn?t talk about energy; we didn?t talk about passion中的词语设置干扰，这一句是说那时企业中的人们会说目标、策略（strategies）、目的（objectives），但不说干劲（energy）和激情，这里都是随时代变迁而发生变化的具体的企业通用语，无从得出由它们转化而成的形容词所表达的企业通用语特点，因此这几项都不符合题目要求，全部排除。
32. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词“team”-oriented定位到第二段第一句。该句说到，科恩教授指出，新时代
的企业用语的团队导向性非常明显，这并非偶然。接下来的直接引语解释了体育文化对企业通用语这种特点的影响：别忘了体育运动——在男性为主导的美国企业中，这仍然起着重要的作用……人们有着这样的想法：我是教练，你们是我的团队，我们是一起的，许多总裁也将自己与员工的关系视为教练与团队的关系。由此可知，体育文化对企业用语的团队导向性有着很大的联系，故选项[C]为答案。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项都是根据第二段中的只字片语改写而成：选项[A] historical incidents源于第一句中的and not by coincidence，原文是说企业通用语的团队导向性的形成并非偶然，并未提及历史事件，故排除；选项[B] gender difference源于文中第二句Let?s not forget sports — in male-dominated corporate America, it?s still a big deal，原文是说美国企业是以男性为主导，受到体育文化的影响，但并未提及性别差异，故排除；选项[D] athletic executives源于最后一句There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win，原文是说许多企业高管将自己视为教练，员工视为队员，并没有提到什么“体育管理人员”，故排除。
33. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词the importation of terminology定位到第三段第二句。该句说到，企业通用
语中引入了过去非营利组织和宗教机构使用的术语，诸如愿景、价值观、激情和决心。这一句是对第一句的补充说明。第一句点出了使用这些术语的意图：赋予工作以意义，提升对企业的忠诚度。观察四个选项，只有选项[D]符合原文，strengthen employee loyalty是原文increase allegiance to the firm的同义重述，故为答案。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项分别意为“复兴历史术语”、“提升公司形象”、“促进公司合作”，都不符合原文所述的两个意图，故全部被排除。
34. [解题思路]推理引申题。根据关键词Lean In定位到第四段第二句。该句说到，20世纪90年代的“妈咪战争”
直到今天仍在持续，引发了为什么女性不能同时拥有工作和家庭的争论，也推动像Sheryl Sandberg的《向前一步》这类图书的出现。由此可见，《向前一步》这本书的内容与女性为何不能兼顾工作与家庭相关，而要兼顾工作与家庭的则是职场女性，因此，《向前一步》是以职场女性为读者对象的，故答案为选项[A]。
[干扰排除]由以上分析可知，《向前一步》一书是在“妈咪战争”的推动下应运而生的，鼓励职业女性兼顾工作与家庭，而从文中找不到该书“吸引狂热的工作狂”或“赞美有积极性的员工”的相关信息，因此排除选项[B]、
[D]。《向前一步》一书是由“妈咪战争”促生的，而非《向前一步》引发了“妈咪战争”，选项[C]颠倒了因果
关系，故排除。
35. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词officespeak定位到最后一段第一句But this seems to be the irony of
officespeak。该句冒号之后说明了不同的人对办公室话语的不同态度：所有人都拿它开玩笑（Everyone makes fun of it），但经理人钟爱它，企业依赖它，普通人愿意接受它（regular people willingly absorb it）。由此可知，选项[D] Regular people mock it but accept it与原文相符，其中mock与make fun of 是近义词，accept 与absorb 是近义词，故答案为选项[D]。
[干扰排除]文中只说了经理人钟爱它，并没有避免使用它的信息，故排除选项[A]。最后一段第二句借语言学家Nunberg之口说道：你可以使人们在接受办公室话语的同时觉得这种语言是无稽之谈，并不是语言学家认为办公室话语是无稽之谈，故排除选项[B]。文中说到企业依赖它，指企业以此来激励员工的忠诚度，并不能由此就认为企业觉得办公室话语至关重要，故排除选项[C]。
【全文翻译】
哈佛商学院的南茜?科恩教授认为，即使在传统的办公室，美国企业的通用语与二十年前相比已更加情绪化和右脑化。她开始给出一些例子：“如果穿越回到1990年的财富500强公司，我们会发现像…历程?、…使命?、…激情?这样的字眼儿的使用频率很低。那时人们会说目标、策略、目的，但不说干劲和激情。”
科恩教授指出，新时代的企业用语的团队导向性非常明显，这并非偶然。“别忘了体育运动——在以男性为主导的美国企业中，这仍然起着重要的作用。但人们并没有明确认识到这一点。这只是一种想法：我是教练，你们是我的团队，我们同舟共济。在各不相同的公司有许许多多的总裁，但他们中的大多数将自己视为教练，公司是他们的团队，而且他们想要赢。”
正如库拉纳所述，使用这些用语同时有意使工作充满了意义，并提升员工对企业的忠诚度。他说：“企业通用语中引入了过去非营利组织和宗教机构使用的术语，诸如愿景、价值观、激情和决心。”
在人们对保持工作与生活的平衡的争论日趋热烈之时，新出现的企业通用语对个人成就方面的强调可有助于保持员工的工作积极性。20世纪90年代的“妈咪战争”直到今天仍在持续，引发了为什么女性不能同时拥有工作和家庭的争论，也推动了像雪莉?桑德堡的《向前一步》这类图书的出现，凭借此书，这一书名也成为流行语。诸如“拔掉电源”、“离线”、“生活贴士”、“带宽”、“容量”等都是将办公室与家庭划分界限的术语。但如果工作是你的“激情”所在，你很可能全力投入其中，即使那意味着你回家吃过晚饭、孩子上床睡觉之后还要工作很长时间。
但这似乎是对办公室话语的嘲讽：所有人都拿它开玩笑，但经理们钟爱它，公司依赖它，普通人愿意接受它。正如那伯格所说：“你可以使人们在接受办公室话语的同时觉得这种语言是无稽之谈。”处于一个对你的生活和你的生活意义基本上漠不关心的工作场所，办公室话语可以帮助你明白你与工作之间的关系，以及工作如何塑造了你。
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36. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词part of the jobs picture定位到第二段第一句。该句说到，就业状况中另一
个很重要的方面在很大程度上被忽略了。接下来的句子具体说明了这一被忽略的方面：声称自愿选择兼职工作的人数激增。这一数字高出去年83万（4.4%）。由此可知，自愿兼职人数大幅增长这一事实被忽略了，因此，答案为选项[B]。其中increase是原文jump的同义替换，voluntary part-time jobs是voluntarily working part-time的同义转述。
[干扰排除]第一段第一句讲到人们津津乐道于就业市场新增28万多职位，同时失业率下降，可见，就业市场的繁荣是人们已注意到的事实，故选项[A]不符合原文。第一段最后一句讲到达到完全就业还有很长一段路要走，可见这也是人们已注意到的事实，故排除选项[C]。第一段第三句讲到经济发展似乎以相当快的速度创造着新的工作机会，可见，就业机会的增长也是人们注意到的事实，故排除选项[D]。
37. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词Many people work part-time定位到第三段第二句Many people who work
part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs。由该句可知，那些从事兼职工作的人实际想拥有专职工作。第三句是对第二句的进一步解释：他们从事兼职工作是因为他们只能找到兼职工作。也就是说，他们找不到专职工作。四个选项中，选项[C]与此相符，故为答案。get one's hands on意思是“找到；得到”，如：He keeps a file of letters so he can get his hands on one whenever he needs it. （他把信件归档保存，一旦需要就可以立刻找到。）[干扰排除]由第三段第二句可知，那些从事兼职工作的人想拥有的是专职工作，并不是他们更想做兼职，因此，选项[A]与原文相反，故排除。由第三段最后一句可知，许多人从事兼职是非自愿的，这说明劳动力市场的疲软，做兼职使他们也难以维持生计（many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet），并非他们觉得足以维持生计，选项[B]与原文相反，故排除。文中说非自愿从事兼职工作人数的增长说明劳动力市场的疲软，即劳动力市场的疲软使他们只好从事兼职，但不能说因为他们看不到劳动力市场的疲软而从事兼职，二者并没有关系，况且从他们自身的处境，他们是能认识到市场的疲软的，故排除选项[D]。
38. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词Involuntary part-time employment定位到第四段第二句。该句说，虽然非
自愿从事兼职工作的人数仍然远远高于经济衰退之前，但与去年的水平相比，这一人数已下降了64万（7.9%）。
这一句与其前一句都说明了非自愿从事兼职工作的人数下降的情况，第一句意思是非自愿从事兼职工作的人数在6月虽有增长，但总体呈下降趋势。四个选项中，与此意相符合的为选项[B]，故为答案。
[干扰排除]文中只是说到了非自愿从事兼职工作的人数与去年相比下降了64万，但不能由此得出这类工作比去年难找了的结论，故排除选项[A]。由第三段可知，从事兼职工作者其实是想得到专职工作的机会，只是无法得到而已，因此谈不上兼职工作满足了失业者的需求，故排除选项[C]。文中说的是非自愿从事兼职工作的人数仍然远远高于经济衰退之前，因此选项[D]与原文相反，被排除。
39. [解题思路]具体信息题。根据关键词Obamacare定位到第六段第一句。该句说，自愿从事兼职工作这一问题
与奥巴马医改有关系，因为它的一个主要目标就是让没有工作的人也能获得医疗保险（allow people to get insurance outside of employment）。最后一句又提到，在奥巴马医改实施之前，要得到保险的唯一渠道是得到一份提供医疗保险的全职工作（before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance）。由此可知，奥巴马医改改变了过去只有通过全职工作才能得到医疗保险的局面，因此，工作不再是获得医疗保险的前提条件，选项[B]与此相符合，故为答案。
[干扰排除]由文中可知，奥巴马医改使人们获得医疗保险变得容易了，而不是困难了，选项[A]与原文相反，故排除。文中说原来人们需要通过获得提供医保的全职工作来使自己和家人得到医保，而奥巴马医改使人们没有工作也能获得医疗保险，全职工作与医保之间也不再挂钩，因此，选项[C]“家人获得医疗保险仍然很困难”和选项[D]“全职工作仍然是获得医疗保险的必要条件”不符合原文，故排除。
40. [解题思路]主旨要义题。根据题干可知本题问文章的主题。文章自美国劳工部6月份发布的就业报告展开，
第一段指出目前工作机会增加，失业率下降，而第二段指出在目前的就业情况下，我们忽略了那些自愿选择兼职工作的人数。第三段至第五段对自愿兼职工作者和非自愿兼职工作者的区别展开描述。最后两段讨论了自愿兼职工作与奥巴马医改之间的关系。可见，全文都在围绕着美国的就业状况进行说明的，因此，选项[A]“美国的就业状况”为答案。
[干扰排除]文章第二至五段对兼职工作的类别进行了区分说明，但这只是细节问题，文章意在通过这两类人群数量的变化来说明就业形势，因此选项[B]“兼职工作者的区分”并非文章主题，被排除。文章只在最后一段第一句提到了医疗补助计划，该句说到奥巴马医改方案已使超过1200万人通过医疗补助计划或者保险交易所获得了医疗保险，这只是文章的细节，因此选项[C]“通过医疗补助计划获得保险”也不是文章主题，被排除。
文章提及奥巴马医改方案只是为了说明它对就业市场的影响，并未对其遇到的困境进行说明，因此选项[D]“奥巴马医改方案的困境”并非文章主题，被排除。
【全文翻译】
除了公布失业率下降至6.1%之外，劳工部还公布了6月份新增的28.8万个工作岗位，许多人津津乐道于此，认为这是一个好消息。他们的看法是正确的。因为目前经济发展似乎正以相当快的速度创造着新的工作机会。要达到完全就业还有一段长路要走，但至少现在我们正以更快的速度向前发展。
然而，就业状况中另一个很重要的方面在很大程度上被忽略了。那就是，声称自愿选择兼职工作的人数大幅增加。这一数字与去年同期水平相比高出83万（4.4%）。
在解释这一数字与奥巴马医改的关联之前，有必要作一个区分。许多从事兼职工作的人实际想拥有专职工作。他们从事兼职工作是因为他们只能找到这种工作。非自愿从事兼职工作人数的增长证实了劳动力市场的疲软，同时意味着做兼职会使他们很难维持生计。
非自愿从事兼职工作的人数在6月虽有增长，但总体呈下降趋势。非自愿从事兼职工作的人数仍然远远高于经济衰退之前，但与去年同期相比，这一人数已下降了64万（7.9%）。
我们得知人们是否是自愿从事兼职工作是因为他们在报告中有说明。劳工部在调查中询问受访者在那一周工作是否低于35小时。如果回答是“是”，那么他们被界定为兼职工作者。然后，调查者会询问他们那一周工作时间少于35小时是否因为他们愿意工作时间比全职工作时间少，还是因为他们不得已而为之。如果他们告诉调查者他们是自己选择每周工作少于35小时，这时他们才会界定为自愿兼职工作者。
自愿从事兼职工作这一问题与奥巴马医改法案有关系，因为它的一个主要目标就是允许人们在没有工作的情况下也能获得医疗保险。对许多人而言，尤其对是自己或家人重病缠身的人而言，在奥巴马医改实施之前，要得到保险的唯一渠道是得到一份提供医疗保险的全职工作。
然而，奥巴马医改方案已使超过1200万人通过医疗补助计划或者保险交易所获得了医疗保险。这些人原来可能觉得要使自己和家人得到医疗保险的保障，需要通过得到一份提供医保的全职工作才能实现。随着奥巴马医改法案的实施，医保就不再与就业挂钩了。
Part B
41. [D]。[解题思路] 文章介绍了几个有助于使人度过难关的真理。本题空格下的段落第一句指出恐惧是利弊兼具
的。第二、三句说明了它的利弊所在：它既可以保护我们（protect us），又可以造成心理障碍（create inner barriers）。接下来作者借Will Smith之口说明恐惧是不真实的，只是想象的产物。最后一句作者再次强调了恐惧只是我们的想象。本段多次出现了fear一词，因此答案应在包含有fear的[B]、[D]中选择，但[B]项意思为“不要害怕为生活承担责任”，本段并未涉及生活责任的内容，故排除[B]项。选项[D] Most of your fears are unreal 与本段多处语意相符合，都在说明恐惧并非真实存在的，因此为答案。
42. [E]。[解题思路]浏览本题空格下的段落，可知其大致意思：要关注当下（try to focus on the present moment），
过去已经过去，未来尚未到来，一直执念于过去会对现在造成影响。要珍视现在（Value the present moment），享受世界之美，关注眼前的可能，幸福无关过去或未来，而是立足现在的心态。不难发现，这一段落的主题就是关注现在，选项[E]与此相符合，因此为答案。
43. [G]。[解题思路]这一段提到，处于困境时人们易于心情不好，由于生活中的问题而忘了停下来感恩自己所拥
有的东西（appreciate the things you have），只是内心强大的人才会笑对困难，珍惜生活（value their life），而不是哭泣抱怨。综观各选项，只有选项[G]最贴近本段主题，be grateful for与文中的appreciate和value语义相近，都是指感恩珍惜生活，故本题答案为[G]。
44. [A]。[解题思路]通过浏览本段，可以判断第一句为主题句：不管你感到多么孤独，也不管情况多么严重，你
应时刻铭记于心：你并非孤立无援（you are not alone）。以下几句分别自家人、朋友、网络几个方面阐述了“你并非孤立无援”这一观点，说明你会得到各方面的帮助，而非独自面对困境。选项[A]重复了第一句中的中心内容，故为答案。
45. [C]。[解题思路]通过浏览本段，可知本段大意如下：许多人对自己的看法缺乏信息，想寻求外面的评价，但
这种做法贬低了他们自己的意见，说明了自己不能掌控自己的生活。正确的做法是相信自己（believe in yourself），坚信自己的意见是最好的（be sure that your decision is the best）。要有自己的思想、价值观，并做出自己的选择（make your own choices）。可见，本段主要强调相信自己的重要性，不为他人的意见所左右，走出自己的道路，因此选项[C] Pave your own unique path与本段主旨相符合，为答案。
【全文翻译】
2017年高考考试说明——地理学科 I考试形式与试卷结构 一、考试形式 考试采用闭卷、笔试形式。试卷满分为300分，其中思想政治、历史、地理科目各100分。 考试时间为150分钟。 二、试卷结构 1.试卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。 第一部分由思想政治、历史、地理三个科目的必考题组成。题型为选择题和非选择题，其中选择题140分，非选择题135分，共计275分。试题只涉及但学科的内容，不涉及跨学科综合。 第二部分由历史、地理两个科目的选考题组成，题型为非选择题，共计25分。 必考内容为思想政治、历史、地理三个学科的必修模块。思想政治学科还包括年度间重要时事政治； 地理学科涉及初中地理的地球与地图、世界地理、中国地理的相关内容。 选考内容包括地理、历史两个学科的部分选修模块。 地理学科选修模块：“旅游地理” “环境保护”。每个模块设一道非选择题，分值为10分。考生选择其中一题作答，多答者只批阅第一题。 历史学科选修模块：“历史上的重大改革回眸”“ 20世纪的战争与和平”“中外历史人物评说”。每个模块设一道非选择题，分值为15分。考生选择其中一题作答，多答者只 批阅第一题。 2.组卷：试题按题型、内容等进行排列，选择题在前，非选择题在后，同一题型中同一学科的试题相 对集中，同一学科中的不同题目尽量按由易到难的顺序排列。 n.考核目标、考试范围及题型示例 地理 根据教育部考试中心《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（文科）》（以下简称《大纲》），结合基础教育的实际情况，制定了《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明（文科）》（以下简称《说明》）的地理学科部分。 地理学科命题注重考查考生的地理学习能力和学科素养，即考生对所学相关课程基础知识、基本技能的掌握程度和综合运用所学知识分析、解决问题的能力。 一、考核目标与要求 考核目标与要求主要有：获取和解读地理信息、调动和运用地理知识、描述和阐释地理事物、论证和探讨地理问题等四个方面。这四个方面又分为三个不同的水平层次。（见下表）
精心整理 大学英语（一） 行政班级分级班级姓名学号 I II III IV V 总分 (请将答案写在答题卡上） 得分 PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 听力题（共15题,每题1分,共15分） Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section A Directions:There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The question will be spoken only once. 1. A. A testing system. B. A monitor system. C. A measuring system. D. A control system. 2. A. Car prices. B. Car services.
C. The company’s business. D. The company’s culture. 3. A. It’s easy to do. B. It’s challenging. C. He can get a high pay. D. He did the same job before. 4. A. She’ll meet a friend. B. She’ll take a flight. C. She’ll attend an interview at 5:00. D. She’ll see a doctor before 5:00. 5. A. She will report the complaint to the manager. B. The manager refused to talk to the man. C. The manager was on a business trip. D. She will deal with the complaint. Section B Directions:There are 2 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Conversation 1
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析 Section I Use of English 1.【答案】A(However) 【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。B. moreover表递进C. therefore 表结果D. Otherwise表对比 2.【答案】D (around) 【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。A. off 停止B. back 返回C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around出现。 3.【答案】B (concept) 【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念(定义)，而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。 4.【答案】D (reverse) 【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize (变革)意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。” 5.【答案】C (slow) 【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady稳定不变的。 6.【答案】B (against) 【解析】上一段末句提出本段的论点，即人们进入无现金时代的速度缓慢的原因。因此本段应围绕纸币系统不会消失来阐述。而且由句首的Although得知，空格所在句与前一句是转折关系。尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因，故答案选B，work against妨碍，对…产生消极影响。A. work for 为…而工作C. work with 与…共事，对…起作用D. work on 从事…工作，对…起作用，都不合适。 7.【答案】B (expensive) 【解析】本句陈述的原因都是关于上句提到的传统支付方式的优点，即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以根据这个基调，得出选项productive不对，最后根据空后的内容推理出消极意思的选项expensive，其他选项意思放到空格处不合理，imaginative，意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、容易受伤的”。故本题正确答案为B。 8.【答案】D(dominant) 【解析】空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式，将四个选项带入，C, D是比较恰当的，再结合本文章的主旨，应该选择“占主导地位的，支配地位”这层意思的D 选项。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，独创的,都不合适。 9.【答案】B (provide) 【解析】纸质支票支付能够____收据,这是和电子支付相比的一大优势，A. collect 收集收据，C. copy 复印收据，D. print打印收据都和实际生活不符合。应该是B. provide提供
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
稳定中求发展变化中有继承 ——2014与2015年全国课标卷高考各科《考纲》《考试说明》比较 1、语文 一、相同点 2015年《考试说明》中，考试性质、考试内容（“考核目标与要求”、“考试范围与要求”）、考试形式及试卷结构、背诵篇目等均与2014年一致，没有变化。 二、不同点 2015年的“题型示例”中，实用类文本阅读选材、部分题型等与2014年有所不同。具体情形见下面的表格： （一）实用类文本阅读选材 （二）部分题型的变化
2、数学 2015年《考试大纲》与2014年对比：文、理均没有任何变化 2015年全国数学《考试说明》对比： 适用省份：江西、河南、河北、山西、广西；海南、宁夏、云南、新疆、贵州、青海、内蒙、吉林、黑龙江、甘肃、西藏。另外辽宁有可能用全国卷。文科、理科 1．与2014年考试说明对比，2015年考试说明去掉了“课程标准实验版”几个字； 2．与2014年考试说明对比，命题指导思想、考试形式与考试结构、考核目标与要求、考试内容和要求、题型示例等都没有变化。 3、英语 （适用于2015年使用全国卷的省份:河南，河北，山西，江西，山东，宁夏，吉林，黑龙江，新疆，青海，西藏，广西，云南，贵州，甘肃等） 1. 阅读：词义推测题增加对“短语含义”的考查； 2. 语法填空：命题和答题要求变化了，题目要求“在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式”；而2014年是要求填入空白处的词数不超过3个单词。样题变更为2014高考卷真题。 3. 提高词汇量要求到高中课标词汇量（约3500个单词），并更正原来的少量错误或完善个别词汇标注。 4、物理 适用省份：江西、湖南、湖北、河南、河北、山西、陕西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏、贵州、云南、广西 考纲：模块3-3，删除主题“分子动理论与统计观点”的说明“定性了解” 考试说明：
Test Seven, Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. A) Mary is not here, because she is ill. B) No, it isn't. C) Yes, it is. D) We are ready. 2.A) I am not hungry. B) But the price is too high. C) I like doing some cooking. D) I want to have a rest. 3.A) No, you can't. B) Yes, you can. C) I want a seat near the window. D) That's all right. 4. A) Thank you. B) I agree with you. C) Me, too. D) A little better. 5.A) It's snowing now. B) I like it. C) Yes, the grounds are white. D) it sounds good. Section B Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 6.A) $16. B) $32. C) $8. D) $64. 7.A) Patient and doctor. B) Waitress and customer. C) Wife and husband. D) Secretary and boss. 8. A) Worried and frightened. B) Quite unhappy. C) Very relaxed. D) Angry with the professor. 9. A) The woman was late for coming. B) The woman asked the man to wait. C) The man was annoyed by her late coming. D) The man was quite all right. 10. A) Young people are quick in making decisions. B) They seldom stay long on one job. C) They are easy to lose jobs. D) They are too eager to succeed. Section C Directions: In this section you will hear a recorded passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times. During the second reading, you are required to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet in order of the numbered blanks according to what you have heard. The third reading is for you to check your writing. Now the passage will begin. Dick was a sailor on a big ship. It went to Japan and Australia, so Dick was often on the ship for some months at a time. When he (11) up in the morning and looked out, he only (12) the sea, or sometimes a port. When he was twenty-three, Dick married and bought a small (13) with a garden in his wife's town. It was (14) away from the sea. Then he had to go back to his ship, and was away (15) home for two months. He went from the port to the town by bus, and was very happy to see his wife again.
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案 【完型填空答案解析】 今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。 1.【答案】D tricky 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。 2.【答案】B for example 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。 3.【答案】A Fortunately 【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。 4.【答案】C describe 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。 5.【答案】A while 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while表转折，选A符合句意。 6.【答案】B task 【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这不是个容易的差事/任务。task 意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径/权限都不合适，故选B符合句意。 7.【答案】A tolerant 【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时父母会很累很沮丧，这时候对待孩子就很难沉着冷静(composed)和包容。tolerant意为包容的，故选A符合句意。 8.【答案】C push 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。push为催促/紧逼，此处move(移动，使感动)，drag(拖拽)，send(发送)均不符合句意，故选C。 9.【答案】D inevitable
全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集 Last revision on 21 December 2020
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） 第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分） 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分） 第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分） 第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分） 第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题分，共15分） 绝密★启用前 2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分） 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、A 第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）
11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C 第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分） 26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B 第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题分，共15分） 31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A 36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J 第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题分，共15分） 41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment 【评分参考】本部分无分和1分的计分。语法错误或拼写错误均不给分；英、美拼写均可接受；大小写错误不扣分。 第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分） 51.范文（略）
2015年江苏高考政治学科考试说明变动情况 一、命题指导思想 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试思想政治科（江苏卷）的命题将继续遵循“有利于科学选拔人才、促进学生健康发展、维护社会公平”的原则，有利于中学全面实施素质教育和对学生创新精神与实践能力的培养，有利于中学思想政治课程改革的原则。 命题将充分体现普通高中新课程的理念，反映高校招生，以及思想政治学科新课程标准的要求，做到紧密联系实际，贴近学生生活，富有时代气息。坚持知识考查、能力考查与情感、态度、价值观考查的有机统一，注重考查考生对思想政治学科基础知识和基本技能的掌握，考查考生初步运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法分析、解决实际问题的能力，考查考生对现阶段中国共产党和中国政府的基本路线和重大方针政策的内容和意义的理解。在遵循国家统一考试要求的同时，适当体现江苏特色。 命题坚持能力立意为主导，在命题形式上做到以稳为主，稳中有新；将充分体现高等学校招生考试的选拔性，使试卷既有较高的信度和效度，又有必要的区分度和适当的难度。 二、考试内容及要求 根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部颁发的《普通高中思想政治课程标准（实验）》，参照《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（思想政治科）考试大纲》（课程标准实验版），参照江苏省普通高中课程教学要求和教学实际，确定考试内容和要求。 （一）考核目标与要求 1．获取和解读信息 能够快速、全面、准确地从题目的文字表述和图表等形式中获取回答问题的有关信息。 能够准确和完整地理解并整合所获得的有关信息。 2．调动和运用知识 能够根据从题目获取和解读的试题信息，有针对性地调动有关的经济、政治、文化、哲学等方面的知识，并运用这些知识做出必要的判断。 能够调动和运用自主学习过程中获取的重大时事和相关信息。 能够展现出检索和选用自己“知识库”中有关知识、基本技能的能力。 3．描述和阐释事物 能够用简洁的语言描述经济、政治、文化、哲学等学科所涉及的基本概念和基本观点。 能够应用历史的、辩证的观点和方法，分析、比较和解释有关的政治、经济、文化等现象，认识事物的本质。
大学英语一级期末考试试题（B卷） 课程名称:《大学英语读写I 》任课教师签名: 大学英语教学部（一教） 出题教师签名: 题库审题教师签名: 张文君_____ 考试方式（闭）卷适用专业 07级化工与制药学院、材料学 院、理学院、经管学院和 法学院共58个班 考试时间（ 120 ）分钟 Part I. Reading Comprehension (2’X20=40’) Directions: Read the following three passages carefully and do the multiple-choice questions. Passage One Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong things. The key to preventing or treating behavior problem is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you pleasantly if they accept that you are in charge. Tainting should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and more safely allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______. A) worsen in modern society B) be just part of their nature C) occur when they go wild D) present at threat to the community 2. The primary purpose of obedience training is to ________. A) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior B) teach the dog to perform clever tricks C) make the dog aware of its owner’s authority D) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior 3. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______. A) an extreme measure in obedience training B) a good way to teach the dog new tricks C) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks D) essential to solve the dog’s behavior problems 4. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A) To show their willingness to obey. B) To show their affection for their masters. C) To avoid being punished. D) To win leadership of the dog pack. 5. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner________. A) will enjoy a better family life. B) can give the dog more freedom C) can give the dog more rewards D) will have more confidence in himself Passage Two: Once upon a time there was a wise man that used to go to the ocean to do his writing. He had a habit of walking on the beach before he began his work. One day he was walking along the shore. As he looked down the beach, he saw a human figure moving like a dancer. He smiled to himself at the thought of someone who would dance on the beach. So he began to walk faster to catch up. As he got closer, he saw that it was a young man and the young man wasn't dancing, but instead he was reaching down to the shore, picking up something and
绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二） （科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡 指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须 书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂 写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写） 考生编号 考生姓名
SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.