ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS
? Description
? Audience
? Impact Factor
? Abstracting and Indexing ? Editorial Board
? Guide for Authors p.1
p.2
p.2
p.3
p.3
p.5
ISSN: 1352-2310
DESCRIPTION
Atmospheric Environment
Atmospheric Environment is the international journal for scientists in different disciplines related to atmospheric composition and its impacts. The journal publishes scientific articles with atmospheric relevance of emissions and depositions of gaseous and particulate compounds, chemical processes and physical effects in the atmosphere, as well as impacts of the changing atmospheric composition on human health, air quality, climate change, and ecosystems.
Atmospheric Environment publishes original research and review articles, special issues, supplements, and New Directions columns. The articles should be of general relevance and novelty in terms of atmospheric observations, process studies, modeling, and data analysis.
A. Key topics for stand-alone articles and special issues related to atmospheric composition (Click here for visual representation of our Scope and Key Topics)Exchange Biosphere/Ocean/ Land - Atmosphere:
? Emission and Deposition
? Anthropogenic and Natural
Field and Laboratory Studies
? Relevant Atmospheric Observations (in-situ and remote sensing)
? Process Studies in Field and Laboratory
? Chemical Transformation, Composition and Sources
Impacts on
? Indoor Pollution, Air Quality, Human Health, Climate Change, and Ecosystem
Environmental Policy
? Validation of Emission Reductions
? Mitigation Strategies
The scope of Atmospheric Environment has atmospheric composition and impacts as its core theme. We would like to encourage scientists to submit high quality articles of sufficient novelty, contributing to atmospheric science and its implications for the environment and policy. Three fundamental questions help the Editors in reaching a decision on whether to send a paper out for review:
1. Scope - is the work directly or implicitly related to atmospheric composition?
2. Novelty - does the work provide a) a general and/or broader relevance (e.g. not a pure local study), b) new results or methods, and c) does it add significantly to the knowledge of atmospheric composition and its impacts?
3. Quality - does the work contain high quality a) atmospheric observations, b) process studies, c) modeling exercises or d) data analysis?
Will your paper be within the scope of Atmospheric Environment?
We try to be flexible with novel scientific articles on issues of atmospheric composition even, if they are not directly related to atmospheric measurements (e.g. wind tunnel studies, dynamometer studies, remote sensing retrieval, etc). However, we are still cautious of purely mathematical derivations, preliminary results or insignificant case and local studies. The authors should make sure that the articles contain substantial contributions to the science of atmospheric composition before sending them for review.
Benefits to authors:-
We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services. Please see our Guide for Authors for information on article submission. If you require any further information or help, please visit our support pages: https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,
AUDIENCE
Researchers, government and industry officials involved in monitoring / controlling / producing pollution, meteorologists, climatologists, chemists and planners.
IMPACT FACTOR
2014: 3.281 ? Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports 2015
ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING
Acid Precipitation Digest
Air Pollution Titles
Analytical Abstracts
Applied Science & Technology Abstracts
Applied Science and Technology Index
Aqualine Abstracts
BIOSIS
Elsevier BIOBASE
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Chemical Abstracts
Current Contents / Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts
EMBASE
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
FLUIDEX
GEOBASE
Geographical Abstracts: Physical Geography
Geological Abstracts
INSPEC
PASCAL/CNRS
Research Alert
SCISEARCH
Science Citation Index
Theoretical Chemical Engineering Abstracts
Scopus
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editors-in-Chief:
Chak Chan, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hanwant Singh, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
Alfred Wiedensohler, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany Senior Editorial Assistants:
Stephanie Sch?ttauf, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany Assistant Editor (New Direction Column):
Jun Wang, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
Editorial Advisory Board:
Julian Aherne, Trent University, Ontario, Canada
Junji Cao, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, Shanghai, China
Gregory Carmichael, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Nicola Carslaw, University of York, York, England, UK
Louisa K. Emmons, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Barbara Finlayson-Pitts, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
H. Christopher Frey, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Henry E. Fuelberg, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
Hai Guo, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Roy Harrison, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Daniel Jacob, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Daniel A. Jaffe, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington, USA
Haidong Kan, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Kimitaka Kawamura, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Yong Pyo Kim, EWHA Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
Luke Knibbs, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Gerhard Lammel, Max Planck Institut (MPI) für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
Hong Liao, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Randall V. Martin, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
Denise Mauzerall, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Michihiro Mochida, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Luisa T. Molina, Molina Center for Energy and the Environment (MCE2), La Jolla, California, USA Krishna K. Moorthy, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Bangalore, India
Hirohshi Okochi, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Paul I. Palmer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Jens Redemann, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
Lynn Russell, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
Tunga Salthammer, Fraunhofer WKI, Braunschweig, Germany
Martijn Schaap, TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, Netherlands John H. Seinfeld, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Barbara Turpin, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Tao Wang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Xuemei Wang, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
Anthony Wexler, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
Maosheng Yao, Peking University, Beijing, China
Xiaohong Yao, Ocean University of China, 266100, China
Jianzhen Yu, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
Qi Zhang, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
Yifang Zhu, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
Your Paper Your Way
We now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article.
To find out more, please visit the Preparation section below.
INTRODUCTION
The subject matter of papers published in Atmospheric Environment covers air pollution research and its applications, click here for more information.
Types of Paper
The Journal publishes Research Papers, Short Communications, Technical Notes, Discussion of published papers, Book Reviews, Critical Literature Reviews, a New Directions Column. In addition, special issues on topical themes are published.
Short Communications and Technical Notes
These papers cover topics which may be simpler in structure or of more limited interest. They also include instrumental methods. At times they might report negative findings, unusual or unexplained observations or short sets of measurements made in rather unique situations. The general style of these papers is similar to that of full papers.
Short Communications - are smaller pieces of work or initial findings that need to be released to the community prior to more extensive study because of the wide relevance and value of the research, as judged by the Editors
New Directions Articles
New Directions is an invited or contributed column reporting on late-breaking, controversial and speculative issues in all aspects of the atmospheric sciences. The articles are intended to have a broad appeal to the readership of the Journal, and to provide a focus and forum for further discussion. They are short in length and written in a popular style, not as scientific papers, but are nevertheless authored by experts in their field. Correspondence on previously published New Directions articles is welcomed, and will be considered for publication at the Editor's discretion. The columns are prominently featured in the Journal using grey-edged paper for the article, and a matching display box on the back page. For further details on the New Direction column, please email atmenv@https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html, Instructions for Authors for New Directions Papers
Articles and correspondence should be sent to the following email: atmenv@https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html, The use of the 'active' rather than the 'passive' voice in articles is encouraged. New Directions columns are intended to have a more 'journalistic' flavour than a strict scientific style.
Text-only articles are welcome. Where figures are used these should be the minimum required (preferably only one) to convey the main thrust of the article, be clearly presented, and simple. They will be much reduced in size, so legends and titles should be clear and large enough to allow reduction to a single-column width. They should be accompanied by suitable figure legends along with the main text. Originals should be drawn with ink, or printed on a high quality printer (preferably laser). They should have the author's name, and the figure number, on the back and be sent by mail to the New Directions Editor. Alternatively they may be sent electronically as discrete or embedded Word or Excel charts. Other graphical formats may also be acceptable (bitmaps, GIF and JPEG formats, PDF, etc.). Tables should also be kept to the minimum required, and be presented in the simplest style possible (three horizontal lines: one at the top, one at the bottom, and one under the column headers; no vertical lines; and minimum number of columns).
References should be kept to an absolute minimum and there is no prohibition on 'grey' literature so long as it is fully attributed.
The Editors reserve the right to reject, edit, or reword submitted articles. Authors will have the opportunity to inspect galley proofs of their columns before final printing. The decision of the Editors is final.
Please bear the reader in mind when writing your manuscript. Therefore we strongly advise that papers should be as concise as possible.
Research Announcements
These are formal announcements of important new international research programmes and opportunities, or summaries of officially reported outcomes of major new studies (in some cases these may be suitable for consideration as New Directions columns). There is a one printed page limit i.e. 650 words which may include a handful of references. Research Announcements should be emailed directly to an editorial office at atmenv@https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,.
BEFORE YOU BEGIN
Ethics in publishing
For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/publishingethics and https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/journal-authors/ethics. Policy and ethics
The work described in your article must have been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html; EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/legislation_en.htm; Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,. This must be stated at an appropriate point in the article.
Atmospheric Environment has a policy of not accepting papers that have already been published on pre-print servers or other journals unless new data or substantial changes to the manuscript have been made.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/conflictsofinterest. Further information and an example of a Conflict of Interest form can be found at: https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/app/answers/detail/a_id/286/supporthub/publishing.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis or as an electronic preprint, see https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/sharingpolicy), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service CrossCheck https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/editors/plagdetect.
Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
Article transfer service
This journal is part of our Article Transfer Service. This means that if the Editor feels your article is more suitable in one of our other participating journals, then you may be asked to consider transferring the article to one of those. If you agree, your article will be transferred automatically on your behalf with no need to reformat. Please note that your article will be reviewed again by the new journal. More information about this can be found here: https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/authors/article-transfer-service. Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright, see https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/copyright). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/permissions.
For open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete an 'Exclusive License Agreement' (for more information see https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/OAauthoragreement). Permitted third party reuse of open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license (see https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/openaccesslicenses).
Author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. For more information see https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/copyright.
Role of the funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established a number of agreements with funding bodies which allow authors to comply with their funder's open access policies. Some authors may also be reimbursed for associated publication fees. To learn more about existing agreements please visit https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/fundingbodies.
Open access
This journal offers authors a choice in publishing their research:
Open access
? Articles are freely available to both subscribers and the wider public with permitted reuse
? An open access publication fee is payable by authors or on their behalf e.g. by their research funder or institution
Subscription
? Articles are made available to subscribers as well as developing countries and patient groups through our universal access programs (https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/access).
? No open access publication fee payable by authors.
Regardless of how you choose to publish your article, the journal will apply the same peer review criteria and acceptance standards.
For open access articles, permitted third party (re)use is defined by the following Creative Commons user licenses:
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
Lets others distribute and copy the article, create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation), include in a collective work (such as an anthology), text or data mine the article, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s), do not represent the author as endorsing their adaptation of the article, and do not modify the article in such a way as to damage the author's honor or reputation. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
For non-commercial purposes, lets others distribute and copy the article, and to include in a collective work (such as an anthology), as long as they credit the author(s) and provided they do not alter or modify the article.
The open access publication fee for this journal is USD 1200, excluding taxes. Learn more about Elsevier's pricing policy: https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/openaccesspricing.
Green open access
Authors can share their research in a variety of different ways and Elsevier has a number of green open access options available. We recommend authors see our green open access page for further information (https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/greenopenaccess). Authors can also self-archive their manuscripts immediately and enable public access from their institution's repository after an embargo period. This is the version that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and in editor-author communications. Embargo period: For subscription articles, an appropriate amount of time is needed for journals to deliver value to subscribing customers before an article becomes freely available to the public. This is the embargo period and it begins from the date the article is formally published online in its final and fully citable form.
This journal has an embargo period of 24 months.
Language (usage and editing services)
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier's WebShop (https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/languageediting/) or visit our customer support site (https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,) for more information.
Submission
Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
Referees
Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential referees. For more details, visit our Support site. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
PREPARATION
NEW SUBMISSIONS
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a single PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process.
As part of the Your Paper Your Way service, you may choose to submit your manuscript as a single file to be used in the refereeing process. This can be a PDF file or a Word document, in any format or lay-out that can be used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you prefer to do so, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission. Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be uploaded separately.
References
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.
Formatting requirements
There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
Divide the article into clearly defined sections.
Line numbering text:
Please ensure your paper has consecutive line numbering - this is an essential peer review requirement.
Figures and tables embedded in text
Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the top of the file.
REVISED SUBMISSIONS
Please ensure your manuscript contains line numbers. If line numbers are missing, your manuscript will be returned back to you, and peer-review will not proceed.
Use of word processing software
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/guidepublication). See also the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.
LaTeX
You are recommended to use the Elsevier article class elsarticle.cls (https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsarticle) to prepare your manuscript and BibTeX (https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,) to generate your bibliography.
For detailed submission instructions, templates and other information on LaTeX, see https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/latex.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
Theory/calculation
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Essential title page information
? Title.Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. Locations should be contained in the keywords rather than in the title. Titles should not be sentences, questions or contain redundant, obscure or vernacular terms.
? Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
? Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
? Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes. Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. Graphical abstract
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 ×13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/graphicalabstracts for examples.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements: Illustration Service. Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/highlights for examples.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
? Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
? Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
? Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
? Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
? Indicate per figure if it is a single, 1.5 or 2-column fitting image.
? For Word submissions only, you may still provide figures and their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.
? Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be provided in separate source files.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b14841097.html,/artworkinstructions.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here. Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
Please do not:
? Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.? Supply files that are too low in resolution.
? Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
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雅思大作文环境保护集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
环境保护类 一．环境问题 1.气候变化、全球变暖：climate change global warming 2.空气污染、垃圾增多：air pollution increase of rubbish / garbage 3.能源危机、缺水、森林砍伐：energy crisis water shortage deforestation 4.自然灾害、酸雨、沙尘暴、干旱、水灾： natural disasters acid rain stand storm drought flood 二．原因（根本） 人口增长工业发展人类活动Population growth industrial development long-term human activities 三．方法 1.世界方面: 全球合作达成共识制定环境保护国际准 Global cooperation reach agreement set international standard s for 2.政府方面： 环保政策鼓励低碳经济发展
Work out / make / enact environmental policy encourage low carbon economy 3.企业方面： 推出环保产品引领大众绿色消费习惯 Promote environmental products / production lead green consuming habits Environmental-friendly 4.个人: 提升环保意识倡导低碳生活方式Improve public’s green awareness encourage / advocate low carbon life style Raise Arouse Increase 5．科技： 开发可再生清洁能源投资开发节能科技 Exploit renewable clean energy invest in energy-saving technologies 你认为环保一定是政府或企业的责任吗? 范文
雅思7分大作文范文批改和解析 距离雅思写作7分你大概还有3个步骤要走，是的，不是谁都可以轻轻松松活动雅思高分的。今天给大家带来了雅思7分大作范文批改和解析,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。 雅思7分大作范文批改和解析 雅思写作提高第一步：结构(5.0 - 5.5) 问题：出国留学的优点(the advantages of disadvantages of study abroad) 同学：One reason for those who decide to go overseas to get a higher degree is that they believe they can get better education in certain fields. That is to say, different universities in different countries have their specialized courses and rich resources can be provided according to their needs and requirements. Another reason is that they can learn a foreign language in a more efficient way. There is no denying that living in an all-round English environment and being affected by local culture make people quick learners. 解析：出国留学和高学历完全是两回事(出去读初中和高中都算出国);出国就是better education，在国内就不是better? 出
环境保护类 一．环境问题 1.气候变化、全球变暖：climate change global warming 2.空气污染、垃圾增多：air pollution increase of rubbish / garbage 3.能源危机、缺水、森林砍伐：energy crisis water shortage deforestation 4.自然灾害、酸雨、沙尘暴、干旱、水灾： natural disasters acid rain stand storm drought flood 二．原因（根本） 人口增长工业发展人类活动 Population growth industrial development long-term human activities 三．方法 1.世界方面: 全球合作达成共识制定环境保护国际准Global cooperation reach agreement set international standard s for 2.政府方面： 环保政策鼓励低碳经济发展 Work out / make / enact environmental policy encourage low carbon economy 3.企业方面： 推出环保产品引领大众绿色 消费习惯 Promote environmental products / production lead green consuming habits Environmental-friendly 4.个人: 提升环保意识倡导低碳生活方式 Improve public’s green awareness encourage / advocate low carbon life style Raise Arouse Increase 5．科技： 开发可再生清洁能源投资开发节能科技 Exploit renewable clean energy invest in energy-saving technologies 你认为环保一定是政府或企业的责任吗? 范文 第一段：（背景句）environmental protection is one of the most important challenges almost every countries is facing . (复合句) 六种：宾从、定从..... however ，whether only government and big firms have resources and powers to preserve our environment is a controversial issue .
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? Foreign languages have increasingly gained popularity among students these years, given that the world is shrinking and each country now has a more frequent contact with the outside world. Many people[c1]argue that children should begin learning a foreign language at elementary school, instead of waiting until [c2] they enter secondary school. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, despite the fact that parents do not want to put too much pressure on their children, they also do not want them to lose at the starting line. This means, if the kids start to learn a foreign language early, their parents are relieved from the thought that their kids will have to catch up later on, which is true to some extent. On the other hand, it is scientifically proved that children tend to learn a language faster before the age of 12. As far as I know, my friends who started to learn English when they were six or seven now have a much more satisfactory English level than those who started at12 or 13. So it is wise to have foreign language course in primary school curriculum. Additionally, learning a foreign language at an earlier age can lay children a solid foundation for future studying.Rather than just learning a language itself, children learn a lot more about the learning methods. As a result, when they enter secondary school, they can explore more languages and enrich their knowledge by extensive readings.
《保护环境的英语作文》 保护环境的英语作文（一）： Now， our side of the car constant more up， the environment also increasingly worse! That the air around us there are many harmful substances。 Therefore， we want to Sue around things start to do。 For example， we can go to school by bike or walk， it can exercise。 If you have time can use less elevator， many climb stairs。 We can not only physical exercise， but also to protect our environment。 此刻，我们身边的汽车不断的多了起来，环境也越来越糟糕！以至于我们周围的空气有很多有害物质。所以，我们要苏身边的小事做起。比如，我们能够骑自行车上学或者步行，这样还能够锻炼身体。有时光的话能够少用电梯，多爬楼梯。我们不仅仅能锻炼身体，也能保护我们的环境。 保护环境的英语作文（二）： There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years。 One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air，water and soil。 the polluted air does great harm to peoples health。 The polluted water causes diseases and death。 What is more， vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities。 To protect the environment， governments of many countries have done a lot。 Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution，to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution。 Therefore， governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today。 In my opinion， to protect environment， the government must take even more concrete measures。 First， it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education。 Second， much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice， because more people means more people means more pollution。Finally，those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished。 We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves。 保护环境 目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病，造成死亡。更有甚者，随着现代社会的迅速扩建，植被大大的减少。
环境类--雅思范文 1. Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individual people to address. We have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is to address it at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Nowadays, environmental problem has been the focus of a debate. Among these related problems, the issue of international efforts in combating environmental pollution is an extremely acute one. It is firmly believed that the benefits of large scale groups have remarkable impact on our society, especially on environment and animals aspects. First and foremost, environmental pollution is a problem that beyond national borders. This is because the destructive effects that it brought cannot be solved without the co-operation of all the countries in the world. A case in point is the occurrence of extreme weather condition, like La Nina in terms of heavy flood and drought; in addition to, global warming, acid rain that happen in many parts of the world. Due to its chronic and perpetual environment effect, it is necessary for the countries on the earth to form an association and join hands to protect our land from further environment deterioration. Another reason is that it is urgent to set up international alliance to prevent the shrinking space of animals' habitat. It is due to the fact that, local ecosystem has gradually been destroyed all over the world. For instance, Mountain Gorilla has loss its natural habitat to human beings, for being continually developing housing estate deep into the forest. Thus, the breaking down of ecosystem has pushed species closer to the brink of extinction. Hence, it is cleared that the prevention of declining the numbers of rare animals need the joint efforts from many administrative agencies in the world. In conclusion, I totally agree with the idea that international collaboration and cooperation in tackling environmental pollution is positively affects the sustainable development on earth. It is expected that environmental preservation can be greatly enhanced through cultivating environmental awareness around the people in every countries in the foreseeable future.
Task：Some people think getting old is entirely bad. However, others think that life of the elderly in modern world is much easier than in the past. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 思路解析： 2016年雅思收官之战的作文来了一道新题，问当今社会老年人的生活是不是很 糟糕?说是新题，因为本题以前从未原题出现过，但关于年龄的话题却不缺少。 比如2010年7月10日“年轻人是否适合担任政府要职”，2012年3月10日“老 龄化现象的原因及解决方法”，2012年3月31日“年轻人和老年人谁的价值更 高?”，2013年6月8日“政府是否应该对老年人养老提供财政支持?”，2015 年1月1日“年轻人当领导，行不行?”，2015年4月11日“老年人与年轻人 争夺工作职位，怎么办?”等等。 本题需要论证的对立观点是：年老很糟糕 vs. 当今社会年老没有那么糟糕。那 么，变老有哪些坏处呢?首先，当然是身体条件没有以前好了，甚至可能出现多 种疾病(物质层面);其次，不工作了，与人的联系少了，心里可能会感觉孤单， 甚至感觉没有价值了(精神层面);最后，变老后对社会的依赖程度更高，给社会 增加了压力(社会层面)。那么，这些问题在当今社会是不是得到了解决呢?首先， 医疗条件的改善有助于保持老年人的身体状况;互联网的出现有助于缓解老年人 的心理孤单问题;物质水平的提高也降低了老年人给社会造成的压力。如此观之， 现代社会老年人的生活的确容易多了，但我的观点是：外部条件只是改善老年人 生活的一个方面，最重要的还是老年人自己要积极调整心态，努力适应退休后的 生活，从而过一个更幸福更祥和的晚年。 Sample answer： Getting old is a natural process that nobody really likes. When you reach a certain age, your physical conditions will inevitably deteriorate, and you may suffer from various kinds of diseases. When you retire, you will feel isolated because your previous work contacts may be all gone, then you may feel useless to the world. Furthermore, when you get too old, you’ ll have to rely heavily on the support from others, either physically or emotionally, and your life will become a great pressure to your family and the whole society as well. For all these bad things about getting old, many people argue that the life of the elderly today is much easier than in the past. In the first place, medical advances nowadays have made it possible for the old people to stay sound and healthy for quite a long while even after they retire. Diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and heart attack which might have
英语作文范文 雅思写作高分范文：环境保护 Environmental hazards are often too great for particular countries or individuals to tackle. We have arrived at a point in time where the only way to lessen environmental problems is at an international level. Environmental problems have reached such proportions that people feel international organizations must be set up to intervene in world affairs to resolve these problems. Whether this will resolve the problem is very unlikely as international organizations are just an extension of human behavior. That is, if human conflicts cannot be resolved at home, then they are unlikely to be resolved at the international level. Nevertheless, international organizations do attract attention to the growing problem of aims of the international community to resolve the issue of environmental pollution and support their cause, I do not believe it is the best or only way to protect the environment; in fact, it is only a small part of what is needed in a global initiative.
雅思小作文7分万能模板整合 在这一雅思备考阶段，不知道雅思小作文如何观察图表，如何对比构思，尤其是一些涉及数据表达句式，可以借用雅思小作文万能模板进行练习仿写。。下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思小作文7分万能模板 1go up and down/ wave/ fluctuate/ beunstable/ be in flexible 起伏不定 2 The first point tonote is the huge increase in the number of 需要注意的第一点就是…的急剧增长 3 The statistics show that这些数据表明 4Form/comprise/make up/constitute/ account for….percent占百分之几 5 This cure graph describes the trendof该曲线图描述了…的 趋势 6 The statistics lead us to theconclusion that由这些数据，我们可以做出如下结论 7 As can be seen from the line graph, 由线状图我们可以看出
8增加：Increase / raise / rise / go up/ soar/ascend/ mount/ climb 9减少：Decrease / grow down / drop / fall/ reduce/descend/ shrink to/decline 10稳定：Remain stable / stabilize / level off/ remainunchanged 雅思小作文7分万能模板 1 It can be seen from the table that 由表格我们可以看出 2 The table shows the changes in thenumber of… over theperiod from…to… 该表格展示了从…到…数据的变化 3 The table provides some data of 该表格提供了有关…的数据 4 As can be seen clearly from thetable, 从表格中我们可以清楚地看出， 5 As can be seen from the table,great changes have taken place in...
保护环境的英语作文10篇 保护环境的英语作文保护环境的英语作文（一）： Now , oursideofthecarconstantmoreup , theenvironmentalsoincreasinglyworse!Thattheairaroun dustherearemanyharmfulsubstances 。Therefore , wewanttoSuearoundthingsstarttodo。Forexa mple, weca n gotoscho ol bybikeo rwa lk, itc anex ercis e。Ify ouha vetime can useless el evator, m a nyclimbst airs we can noton lyphy sicalexer c ise, buta Is otoprot ect ourenv iron ment o 此刻，我们身边的汽车不断的多了起来，环境也越来越糟糕！以至于我们周围的空气有很多有害物质。所以，我们要苏身边的小事做起。比如，我们能够骑自行车上学或者步行，这样还能够锻炼身体。有时光的话能够少用电梯，多爬楼梯。我们不仅仅能锻炼身体，也能保护我们的环境。 保护环境的英语作文（二）： Th erearesti 1 lmanypro bl emsofen vir onment alpr otect o neofthe mo stseriou s problemsi stheseriou ionin rece ntyear s o spollution ofair, wat e randsoil。t hepollu ted airdoe sgre athar mtope ople，sheal th。Thepoll ut edwaterc a usesdisea sesanddeat h。whatismo re, vegeta, t ionhadbe en greatly red ucedwi thth erapi dgrow thof modern cit ies。 T o protectth eenvironme nt, governm entsofman y countrie
雅思大作文5分与7分范文各项指数对比分析 Let’s compare two answers to a question.The topic is as follows: International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the advantages of international tourism outweigh the disadvantages? A Poor Essay – The following is a band 5 essay. International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the advantages? In my opinion advantages outweight the disadvantages. Firstly, many countries like Egypt or Tailand live from tourism Lots of people work there as a seilsmens or tourist guides. These countries without support of tourists wouldn’t be able to funtcion properly. Secondly, in countries visited by tourists are plenty of places where people just can’t pass because of rare animals or plant s. Another thing is that people like traveling and seeing new exotic places. They like lie on the beach or swim in ocean. Furthermore, tourism is now more growing industry highering tousands of people. There are makeing new places to work and to have fun. But on the other hand, people often for get that they aren’t the only beings on the planet. Many tourists are living garbage just anywhere. Some of them wan’t an exotic souvenir so they pay for illegal things like dea d or live animals or some sculpture. To sum up I think international traveling is a good thing but people must realise that there is something else besides them. They need to know that flora and fauna needs to be protected. People have to enjoy their holidays but alsow protect environment. Below is an analysis of this essay. Task Response The essay question has been copied and used as the introduction (paragraph 1). Once these 34 words are taken off the word count, the response is underlength at 194 words and so loses marks. Nevertheless, the topic is addressed and a relevant position is expressed, although there are patches – as in the third paragraph – where the development is unclear. Other ideas are more relevant but are sometimes insufficiently developed.
Popular events like the football world cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? The World Cup football match and the Olympics are held worldwide with great national support and expectations. As a fan of those competitions, I agree with the idea that sporting events can be necessary for international relations and national unity. In this essay, I will think about the effects of these popular sporting events. First of all, the World Cup, Olympics and other international games work for easing tensions among different nations. For example, South and North Korea have football games regularly which give two nations a chance to understand each other deeply. In the mid 1990s, a hundreds of North Korean supporters came to South Korea with the footballers and they were very excited during the sporting events. Even if it sounds ridiculous, many South Koreans were quite surprised at that moment when North Koreans shouted and cried during the match. We all realized that they were very normal sports fans even though they were occasionally very secretive. Through the sports, two divided nations could reduce their political and ideological tensions and could feel the patriotic unity. On the other hand, some sports matches can make international relations worse. For instance, football or baseball games between Korea and Japan are always big matches in two countries where full of tensions overflow. Sometimes, after the matches, the two rivals blame each other and their patriotic emotions explode in an aggressive way. Even much worse scenario is that the troubles caused by losing games affect the players directly. As far as I know, a couple of Korean players in Japan are suffered from invisible discrimination after the match between two countries. In conclusion, I think that international sporting occasions can be one of the good ways to ease tensions or to release patriotism safely. However, I believe that games can not be the fundamental ways for the sound patriotism or peaceful international relations Some people say that the Internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together. To what extent do you agree that the internet is making it easier for people to communicate with one another? In today?s world _ due to the advancement of technology new inventions are coming into existence. It is a certainty that ?necessity is a mother of invention?. _ Internet is just like a wonder box, which contains every type of information. Besides it has also proved as a very important tool to connect people with each other. In today?s modernized era nobody has sufficient time to write letters to their loved ones. Moreover it also takes longer to send or receive any information. But through an internet it is an easiest way to send massages to our loved ones. Either it can be in the form of an e- mail or by text messages from internet to cell phones. We can send and receive messages straight way. In other hand today?s youth generation mostly prefer to do chatting on () internet. Through this chatting we can write messages and straight way can get their reply. Moreover voice chatting is going to be very popular day-by-day.