2014中考英语语法专项复习：词类
词类(parts of speech) —10
名词Noun(n.)：表示人或事物的名称。如：boy / pencil / book
冠词Article(art.)：用在名称前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。如：a(an) / the
代词Pronoun(pron.)：用来代替名词、形容词或数词。如：we / that / his / what
形容词Adjective(adj.)：用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。如：old / red / fine
数词Numeral(num.)：表示数量或顺序。如：one / thirteen / first
动词Verb(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：look / go / be (am / is / are )
副词Adverb(adv.)：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。如：not / too / here / often
介词Preposition(prep)：表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。如：in / on / of / to / under 连词Conjunction(conj.)：用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。如：and / or / but
感叹词Interjection(interj.)：表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。如：oh /hello / hi
一名词Noun(n.)
名词表示人或事物的名称.
◆一名词的分类
专有名词：John / China
普通名词：可数名词个体名词：book / table / horse
集体名词：family / class / police
不可数名词物质名词water / rice / snow
抽象名词：health / knowledge / love
◇专有名词: 表示具体的人、物、地点、节日等，通常由一个名词或一个词组构成:Jenny / Hong Kong / Christmas Day首字母要大写，但专有名词中的虚词（冠词、介词）的第一个字母不用大写:the Great Wall
◆二可数名词（可以用数来计量）的复数
⒈规则变化
①一般直接加-s .如：boy → boys cup → cups
②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾加-es, 如：w atch → watches box → boxes
③以―辅音字母+y ‖结尾变y为i再加-es.如：story → stories baby → babies
④以f,fe结尾变f,fe为ves .如：knife → knives wife → wives thief → thieves
leaf → leaves scarf → scarves life → lives half → halves ﹡roof → roofs
⑤以o 结尾加-s 如：r adio → radios photo → photos piano → pianos
zoo → zoos
加-es 如：hero → heroes potato → potatoes tomato → tomatoes
英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。
⒉不规则变化
①单复数同形：sheep → sheep fish → fish Chinese → Chinese Japanese → Japanese deer → deer yuan → yuan ※dollar → dollars
②只有复数形式：clothes glasses chopsticks goods trousers pants shorts
③特殊变化：child → children foot → feet tooth → teeth mouse → mice
man → men woman → women ※toothbrush → toothbrushes
④复合名词的复数形式：
a. 当有man和woman时，前后两部分都变成复数形式a man doctor → two men doctors
a woman teacher → three women teachers
b. 其他只变最后一个名词为复数形式an apple tree → lots of apple trees beef and tomato noodles
◆三不可数名词（不可以用数来计量）的计量
⒈可数名词表示具体的数量，可以直接用数词来修饰：two apples ten persons
⒉不可数名词必须与表示数量的名词连用，构成：数词+量词+of+不可数名词
a piece of bread two cups of coffee three glasses of milk four boxes of
chalk five bags of rice six drops of water seven pieces of news eight
pairs of glasses
◆四名词所有格:表示名词之间的所有关系，连接两个名词
两种形式：‘s所有格→Beijing is China‘s capital.
of所有格→Beijing is the capital of China.
⒈有生命名词所有格：一般加-‘s. Tom‘s desk Children‘s Day
以s结尾的复数名词只加‘ teachers‘ office students‘ books
※如果一样东西为两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词上加-‘s（共有）This is Mary and Lily‘s
room . / He is Tom and Tim‘s father .
如果表示各自所有，则两个名词词尾分别加-‘s（分别有）These are Mary‘s and Lily‘s
rooms./These are Tom‘s and Tim‘s books .
⒉无生命名词所有格: 名词+of+名词the map of China / the door of the room
※双重所有格
of +名词所有格：He is friend of my brother‘s .
of+名词性物主代词：This is a book of mine .
◆五可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词
修饰可数名词：many / a few / few (There are many trees .)
修饰不可数名词：much / a little / little (We have much homework to do .)
共有的：some / any / a lot of / lots of /plenty of
提问：可数名词→How many bananas do you need ?
不可数名词→How much yogurt do you need ?
※不可数名词没有复数形式，不能用a,an修饰，也不能用many,few,several等修饰。不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数。如：The honey is very sweet .
※有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。
a clothes shop sports meeting glasses store
◇名词的句法功能
作主语：Math is my favorite subject .
作宾语：I bought a computer last year .
作表语：He is a clever student .
作宾补：We call him Uncle Wang .
作定语：There‘re some apple trees over there .
作状语：I go to school every day .
作呼语：Hello ,boys and girls .
练习
一．用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.We want to go to the __________ (great wall) .
2.How many ________ (chicken) are there under the tree ?
3.He likes ________ (chicken) very much , It‘s very nice .
4.There are two ________ (mouse) in the cage .
5.The doctor saved their ________ (life) .
6.The child has two ________ (tooth) .
7.I have some good _______ (news) for you .
8.There is a group of _______ (fish) in the water .
9.These are _________ (German) .
10.She has many __________ (girl friend) .
11.We want to have some __________ (man teacher) in our school .
12.Please give me some _________ (advice) .
13.I have a lot of ________ (money) .
14.We want two ______ (cup) of ______ (tea) .
15.These are ________ (children) clothes .
16.This room is ______________ (my brother and I) .
17.These books are ______________ (Kate and her sister) .
18.I have a cold I have to go to the _________ (doctor) .
19.Is this Tom‘s coat or _________ (Bob) ?
20.There will be a ________ (sport) meeting next week .
21.There is some ________ (meat)on the table .
22.Today is _________（woman）Day .
23.There are many _________ (visit) to come to my hometown every year .
24.We want to do some ________ (shop) on Sunday .
25.Walking is good for our _________ (healthy) .
26.He is a famous _________ (music) .
27.The boy is in ________ (dangerous) .
28.You can see many _________ (leaf) on the ground in autumn .
29.Who is the __________ (win) of the game .
30.There are _________ (hundred) of people there .
二．单项选择
1.Sheep _____ white and milk _____ also white .
A.is ; are
B.are ; s
C.are ; are
2. How wonderful ! The _____ is made of _____ .
A. house ; glass
B. house ; glasses
C. houses ; glass
3. _____ are made of _____ .
A. Glass ; glasses
B. Glasses ; glasses
C. Glasses ; glass
4. _____ room is next to their parents‘ .
A. Kate and Joan
B. Kate‘s and Joan‘s
C. Kate and Joan‘s
5. There are few _____ in the fridge , Let‘s go and buy some peas , carrots and cabbages .
A. vegetables
B. meat
C. fruit
6.Yangpu Bridge is one of _____ in the world .
A. the biggest bridge
B. the biggest bridges
C. bigger bridges
7. Look ! There are some _____ on the floor .
A. water
B. child
C. boxes
8. I‘m hungry , Please give me _____ .
A. a piece of bread
B. two pieces of breads
C. some breads
9. Jack bought a _____ in a shoe shop yesterday .
A. pair of shoes
B. pairs of shoes
C. pair of shoe
10. I meet some _____ in the park and talked with them the other day .
A. Japaneses
B. Americans
C. Chineses
11. I have three pen pal , One is _____ , the other two are _____ .
A. Japanese ; America
B. Canada ; America
C. English ; Frenchmen
12. Both Tom and Jim are _____ .
A.men teachers
B. men teacher
C. man teachers
13. He spent _____ doing the whole thing .
A. one and two days
B. one or two days
C. one day and two
14. _____ live at 78 Fenghuang Street .
A. White
B. The Whites
C. The White
15. Please pass me _____ .
A. two piece of paper
B. two pieces of paper
C. two pieces of papers
16. In autumn _____ turn yellow .
A. leaf and grass
B. leaves and grasses
C. leaves and grass
17. Some _____ came to our school for a visit that day .
A. Germans
B. Germen
C. Germany
18. Young people should make _____ for old people on the bus .
A .room B. rooms C. the room
19. The football under the bed is _____ .
A. Lily and Lucy
B. Lily and Lucy ‘s
C. Lily‘s and Lucy ‘s
20. Y our shoes are worn out , You‘d better buy a new _____ .
A. new
B. pair
C.shoes
21. I‘m not feeling well now , I‘ve had_____ .
A. cold
B. a headache
C.the headache
22. You‘d better do morning _____ every day , It‘s good to have lots of _____ .
A. exercise ; exercise
B. exercises ; exercise
C. exercises ; exercises
23. More than _____ lived there two _____ ago .
A. hundred of people ; hundreds years
B. hundreds of people ; hundred years
C. hundreds of people ; hundreds years
24. T om‘s handwriting is better than any other _____ in his class .
A.students
B. student‘s
C.students‘
25. The hospital is a bit far from here , It‘s about _____ .
A. forty minutes‘ walk
B. forty minutes walk
C. forty minute‘s walk
26. How much are the _____ ?
A. meat
B. apple
C.apples
27. Jim went to a _____ to buy a pair of shoes .
A. shoes stores
B. shoes store
C. shoe store
28. This is not my book , but my _____ .
A. brother‘s
B.brother
C. brothers‘
29. We need two teaspoon of _____ .
A. honeys
B.yogurt
C. milks
30.It‘s about _____ walk from my house to school .
A. ten minutes
B. ten minutes‘
C. ten minute‘s
31. The old man is lonely , He made a ______ by selling newspapers .
A. living
B. life
C. live
32. Can you give me _____ on how to learn English well ?
A. a good advice
B.some advice
C.any advices
33. Take _____ ! The car nearly hit you .
A. careful
B. care
C. carefully
34. September 10th is ______ in China .
A. Te acher‘s Day
B. Teachers‘ Day
C. Teachers Day
35. I‘d like to drink _____ .
A. beers
B. some wine
C. sugar
二冠词Article(art.)
冠词是一种虚词，放于名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词不能单独使用，在句中不重读。冠词分不定冠词a/an和定冠词the两种。
◆一不定冠词及用法
a/an 是不定冠词，a用在以辅音开头的单词前: a boy a road
an用在以元音开头的单词前: an hour an old man
①泛指某一类的人或物。如：A panda is very lovely .熊猫很可爱。.
②第一次提到某人或某物时。如：I have a book .我有一本书。
③表示一这个数量，没有one强烈。如：I have a month , a nose and two eyes . 我有一张嘴、
一个鼻子和两只眼睛。
④用于某些固定词组中。如：a few 有一些/ a little 一点儿/ a lot of 许多/ have a good time 玩得开心
◆二定冠词the的用法
①特指某人或某物。如：The man in the car is Mr Smith .车里的人是史密斯先生。
②指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：Open the door , please .请打开窗户。
③指上文已经提到过的人或物。如: She has a son , the son works in Beijing .她有一个儿子，他在北京工作。
④用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：The sun is bigger than the earth .太阳比地球大。
⑤用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：the first lesson 第一课/ the tallest girl 最高的女孩
⑥用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall 长城/ the Yellow River黄河/ the
Summer Palace 颐和园/ the United States美国
⑦用在姓的复数形式前表示―一家人‖。如：the Smiths are going to Qingdao for a vacation .史
密斯一家打算去青岛度假。
⑧用于形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：the rich有钱人/ the poor 穷人/ the old 老年人/ the
young 年轻人/ the blind盲人
⑨用在乐器名词前。如: Can you play the guitar ?你会弹吉他吗？
⑩用在一些习惯语中。如：in the morning在上午/ on the left 在左边/ by the way顺便说一下
/ all the year round一整年/ in the open air在户外/ at the same time
同时/ all the time一直/ in the end最后；终于/ the day after
tomorrow后天/ in the future在将来
◆三不用冠词的情况
在英语中，不用冠词的现象称作零冠词。
①如果名词前已经有指示代词（this / that / these / those）、形容词性物主代词（my / his / our …）或名词所有格等限定词，不用冠词。如：
A. This is my pen . 这是我的笔。
B. Do you like that coat ?你喜欢那件外套吗？
C. These are Rose‘s books .这些事罗斯的书。
②表示语言、学科、三餐、球类运动、棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。如：
语言：Chinese / English / French / Russian / Japanese …
学科：maths / history / biology / geography …
三餐：breakfast / lunch / supper / dinner
球类：football / b asketball / tennis / baseball …
棋类：chess /Chinese chess …
③表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前不用冠词。如：
星期：Sunday / Monday / Tuesday …
月份：January / February / March …
季节：spring / summer / autumn / winter
节日：Teachers‘ Day / Children‘s Day …
④表示人名、国名、称呼语或头衔等的专有名词前不用冠词。如：
A. Lucy is a nice girl .露西是一个还女孩。
B. Captain Cook is very popular .库克船长很受欢迎。
※以下国家名称前用the：the United States / the U. S. / The U. S. A.美国the United Kingdom / the U. K.英国
⑤某些固定词组中不用冠词。如：at home在家/ by train 乘火车/ go to school 去上学/on time
准时/ day and night 日日夜夜/ at first 起初/ at work 在工
作/ go to bed上床睡觉/ on foot步行
◆四以元音音素开头的字母：Aa / Ee / Ff / Hh / Ii / Ll / Mm / Nn / Oo / Ss / Xx (11个)
◆五初中阶段以元音音素开头的单词（短语）
an apple an orange an hour an elephant an egg an umbrella an eraser an aunt an uncle
an animal an actor an artist an island an onion an ID card an unusual man an eleven boy
an old man an action movie an amusement park an interesting story an English book an eight-year-old boy an honest boy an exam an exciting job an Ice and Snow Festival an award an organization an ad an example
※ a useful book
※特别提示：有些短语用定冠词与不用定冠词意义不同。
in front of 在…前面→外部at table就餐in bed躺在床上
in the front of 在…前部→内部at the table坐在桌子旁边in the bed在床上
on horse骑着马on earth究竟on shore 在岸上
on the horse在马背上on the earth在地球上on the shore 在岸边
练习
一．用a , an , the填空，不需要填的用―/ ‖表示。
1. There is _____ book on the desk . _____ book is mine .
2. There are seven days in _____ week .
3. _____ more careful you are , _____ better you will do .
4. _____ milk is good for our health .
5. He often goes to his school on _____foot .
6. Shanghai is _____ biggest city of China .
7. December 25th is _____ Christmas Day .
8. Children need n‘t go to _____ school on ______ Sunday .
9. We always have _____ rice for ______ lunch .
10. Do you need _____ umbrella ?
11. Are you all in _____ same school ?
12. There is _____ ― h ‖ and _____ ― o ‖ in the word ― hour ‖ .
13. I heard somebody playing _____ piano in _____ next room .
14. We should be kind to _____ old .
15. They are going to have _____ supper with _____ Browns tonight .
16. That evening _____ Browns had _____ nice supper .
17. What _____ important piece of news it is !
18. _____ horse is _____ useful animal .
19. Our teacher has ______ 8-year-old daughter , She is very clever .
20. I am reading _____ novel , It is _____ interesting story .
21. What _____ nice day ! Let‘s go out and have _____ walk .
22. I have _____ cat and _____ cat is black .
23. It is very cold in _____ winter .
24. Some _____ boys are playing football .
25. _____ boy is my brother .
26. Your _____ bag is dirty .
27. Please open _____ window .
28. I prefer going by ____ sea to going in _____ train .
29. Who is _____ woman in _____ car ?
30. She is always _____ first to get to the classroom .
31. I like playing _____ basketball , but I don‘t like playing _____ piano .
32. I think English is _____ useful subject . Do you think so ?
33. He had _____ egg and _____ glass of milk for _____ breakfast .
34. – Who is _____ boy ?
- He is my _____ best friend .
35. Does Bob come from _____U. S. or _____ Australia ?
36. Linda works in _____ hospital . She says that Grandpa Zhang was in _____ hospiatl .
37. How do you go to work , by _____ bus or on _____ bike ?
二．单项选择
1. _____ book on the desk is _____ English book .
A. The ; an
B. The ; a
C. A ; the
D. A ; an
2. Liu Hong studies in _____ university in Beijing . She is _____ honest girl .
A.an ; a
B. an ; an
C. a ; an
D. a ; a
3. In _____ summer of 1994 she went to America to go on with her study .
A. a
B. /
C. the
D. an
4. I often go to _____ cinema with Tom . And we often have _____ good time there .
A. the ; a
B. the ; /
C. a ; a
D. / ; /
5. She wrote _____ e-mail to me . so I knew that she bought _____ MP4 yesterday .
A.a ; an
B. an ; a
C. an ; an
D. a ; a
三代词Pronoun(pron.)
代词用来代替名词、形容词或数词。
◆一人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。
人称代词物主代词反身代词
主格宾格形容词性名词性
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
◇用法
⒈主格用来作主语: I like English .
⒉宾格用来作宾语：She told me a story yesterday .
⒊形容词性物主代词用来作定语，相当于一个形容词，放于名词前：my computer / our school
⒋名词性物主代词起名词的作用：- Whose ruler is this ? - It‘s mine . ( mine = my ruler )
⒌反身代词作宾语，放于及物动词、介词之后：The girl is so old that she can look after herself .
反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语起强调作用，可以放主语、宾语后，也可以放句末：I can do it myself .
※①人称代词并列使用时的顺序→ 巧学妙记：单数231，复数123，承担责任―我‖在前。单数顺序：第二、第三、第一人称
如：you and he / you and I / you , he and I
复数顺序：第一、第二、第三人称
如：we and you / we and they / we , you and they
第三人称单数的顺序是：he and she
※②形容词性物主代词+ 名词= 名词性物主代词→This isn‘t my dictionary , mine is over there . mine=my dictionary
※③常与反身代词连用的短语。
⒈ enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun (玩得开心、过得愉快)
⒉ dress oneself (up) (自己穿衣服)
⒊ hurt / cut oneself (伤了自己)
⒋ learn … by oneself = teach oneself (自学…)
⒌ say to oneself (自言自语)
⒍ help oneself to sth (随便吃些…)
一．用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空。
1. My name is Jack , _____ am thirteen . _____ father is a doctor . _____ is forty . _____ hobby is reading books . _____ mother is a teacher . _____ often teaches _____ English . I like _____ .and _____ like _____ .
2. –Excuse me ! Is this bike _____ ?
-No , it isn‘t _____ . It‘s Tom‘s sister‘s , It‘s _____ .
3. I have a cat . _____ name is Mimi . _____ likes eating fish and meat .
4. –Are these books Jack‘s ?
- Let _____ see . Oh , yes , they are _____ .
5. He taught _____ English last year . We all like _____ classes .
二．反身代词练习：
① Xiao Dong likes _____ _____ _____ .
② The small girl is too young to _____ _____ .
③ The children _____ _____ on Children‘s Day .
④ He _____ French _____ _____ . = He _____ _____ French .
⑤ _____ _____ _____ some fish , Ann !
⑥ Be careful with that knife ,or you will _____ _____ .
◆二指示代词
单数复数
this these
that those
指示代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，也可以代替形容词作定语。如：This is my pen .→ These are my pens .
These students will go hiking .
※打电话时常用this指代―我‖，用that指代―你‖。如：This is Mary speaking , Who is that ? (我是玛丽，你是谁？)
◆三疑问代词是用来引导特殊疑问句的，有who,whom(宾格),whose,what,which.其中who/whom只能指人，what/which指物。
1.who / whom / whose
who只能指人，如：Who is the young man ?
whom指人，只能作宾语。如：Whom do you know ?
Whose是who的所有格形式。如：Whose book is on the desk ?
2.what / which
what一般指物。如：What are these ?
which指人或物。如：Which do you like better , the red one or the blue one ?
※ what 与who开头的疑问词都可以指人，what一般问人的职业，who一般问人的身份。如：-What is his father ? -Who is he ?
-He is a policeman . –He is my father .
※ what 可用于询问姓名、职业、年龄、日期、星期、价格、时间、数量、爱好、运算结果等。如：
① What‘s your name ? 你叫什么名字？
② What‘s the age of you ? = How old are yo u ? 你几岁了？
③ What‘s your job ? = What do you do ? = W hat are you ? 你的职业是什么？
④ What‘s your hobby ? 你的爱好是什么？
⑤ What‘s the price of this computer ? = How much is this computer ? 这台电脑多少钱？
⑥ What time is it ? = What‘s the time ? 几点了？
⑦ What‘s the popula tion in China ? 中国有多少人口？
⑧ What day is it today ? 今天星期几？/ What‘s the date ? 今天几号？
⑨ What‘s your address ? 你的地址是什么？
⑩ What‘s ten and two ? 10加2等于多少？
一．用适当的疑问代词填空。
1．- _____ is the man ?
- He is my uncle .
2. - _____ does your father do ?
- H e‘s an engineer .
3. - _____ glasses are these ?
- I don‘t know .
4. - _____ did you do yesterday ?
- I watched TV .
5. With _____ is your mother talking ?
◆四不定代词
some通常用于肯定句，但期望得到对方的肯定回答也用some。
①一些：修饰可数、不可数名词如：Would you like some coffee ?
any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如：I don‘t have any ideas .
②都，全部：both指两个人或物→ neither
all指三个以上的人或物→ none
either指两者中任何一个，作主语，谓语用单数形式。
③许多：many 修饰可数名词复数
much 修饰可数名词复数
④少：few → a few 修饰可数名词
↓ ↓
little → a little修饰不可数名词
↓ ↓
否定：很少肯定：有几个，有一些
⑤每一：each强调―个别‖，可以单独使用，可修饰单数名词或跟of结构，作主语、宾语和同位语。
every强调―整体‖，可修饰单数名词，相当于汉语的―每个都‖，只作定语。
⑥ one … the other 一个…另一个
some … others 一些…另一些（另一些并不包括全部）
some … the others 一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）
another 再一，又一（表示不确定数目中的另一个），一般接单数名词。
⑦复合不定代词
every- some- any- no-
-thing everything ________ ________ ________
-one ________ someone ________ no one
-body ________ ________ ________ ________
※不定代词作主语，谓语用单数形式。如：Is anyone here ? 有人吗？
不定代词+ adj . 如：I have something important to tell you .
练习：
一．用所给的不定代词填空
A . some / any
1. I have _____ good friends .
2. There isn‘t _____ drink in the fridge . I have to buy _____ .
3. May I ask you _____ questions ?
4. – Would you please pass me _____ salt ?
- Sorry , there isn‘t _____ .
5. _____ students like listening to pop music .
B. many / much
1. How _____ did the bike cost you ?
2. How _____ water do you need ?
3. Today I am busy . I have _____ homework to do .
4. You are getting fatter . You can‘t eat too _____ meat .
5. There are _____ people in the museum .
C. few / a few / little / a little
1. – Can you speak French ?
- Yes , but just ______ .
2. There is _____ milk in the bottle .Please get some for me .
3. I think I will stay there for ______ days .
4. He looks sad . because he has ______ friends here .
5. There is ______ honey in the glass .isn‘t there ?
D. all / both / none / neither / either
1. -Which coat do you like better , the green one or the yellow one ?
-Sorry , I like _____ of them . I like blue .
2. My parents are _____ teachers .We are _____ very busy .
3. I have many books . but _____ of them are about cooking .
4. –Which do you like best , tea , coffee or juice ?
-_____ . I like beer best .
5. –Whose answer is right , Tom‘s or mine ?
-Sorry , _____ of them is right .
6. There are many flowers on _____ sides of the road .
7. My father doesn‘t like pop music . My mother doesn‘t like it . _____ .
8. – When can I meet you , on Monday or Tuesday ?
- ______ of them is OK . I‘m free .
E. each / every
1. I must go to school ______ day .
2. _____ of them has a computer .
3. You can have an apple _____ .
4. _____ of them knows the news .
5. _____ one must be here on time .
F. one … the other / some … others / some … the others / another
1. I bought two bottles of water . _____ is for you . and ________ is for my sister .
2. There are seven people here . Two of them come from the USA . _________ are from Australia .
3. We are cleaning the classroom . Some are cleaning the windows .Some are sweeping the floor . and _______ are cleaning the desks and chairs .
4. I don‘t like this one . Can you get me _____ one ?
G. something / anything / everything / nothing
1. I have ________ to tell you .
2. ________ is ready .We can have dinner .
3. There isn‘t ________ interesting in today‘s newspaper .
4. Yesterday I went shopping , but I bought ________ , because there were too many people there .
5. – Can I do ________ for you ?
- That‘s very kind of you .
H. somebody / anybody / everybody / nodody
1. Listen , _______ is knocking at the door .
2. –Is there ________ in the room ?
-No , ________ is here .
3. Is ________ here today ?
4. ________ will come to see you . Please wait here .
5. ________ can pass the exam if he works hard .
二．单项选择
1. Pass the knife to _____ , please . My pencil is broken .
A. I
B. my
C. me
2. Yesterday I saw _____ enjoy _____ in the park .
A. them ; themselves
B. them ; themself
C. they ; themselves
3. - _____ does your mother do ?
- She is a nurse .
A. What
B. When
C. Which
4. He knows ______ English but he has _____ English friends .
A. little ; a few
B. little ; few
C. a few ; little
5. – Which sweater do you prefer , the yellow one or the pink one ?
- _____ . I like a light blue one .
A. Either
B. Both
C. Neither
6. The old man has two sons . One is a worker , _____ is a teacher .
A.another
B. the other
C. other
7. There is _____ in today‘s newspaper .
A. new anything
B.something new
C. new something
8. – Can you do it by _____ , Kate ?
- I think so .
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
9. The questions are so difficult that _____ students can answer them .
A. few
B. a few
C.a little
10. We bought _____ a car .
A. us
B.ours
C. our
11. His handwriting is better than _____ .
A. her
B. hers
C. she
12. Mike is stronger than _____ in his class .
A. any boys
B. any other boy
C. any boy
13. This is _____ bag , and _____ is over there .
A. your ; his
B. his ; your
C. me ; me
14. His parents are _____ doctors .
A. each
B. all
C. both
15. We can‘t leave the children by _____ .
A. they
B.themselves
C. them
16. _____ was snowing when we reached the school .
A. The sky
B. It
C.The weather
17. – Hello . May I speak to Jim , please ?
- _____ ?
A. Who are you
B. Who‘s that
C. Who is he
18. Today , _____trees are still being cut down in the world .
A. much too
B. too much
C.too many
19. There are many trees on _____ side of the street .
A. both
B.either
C. neither
20. _____ likes ice cream .
A. Every children
B. Every child
C. All children
21. These sweaters are too small for me . Please show me _____ one .
A.the other
B. another
C. others
22. – Would you like some tea with sugar or milk , sir ?
- No , I‘d like tea with _____ in it .
A. something
B. nothing
C. everything
23. Everyone in our class has gone hiking except _____ . I have a sore leg .
A. I
B. me
C. mine
24. We find _____ impossible to get there befo re 8 o‘clock .
A. this
B. it
C.that
25. There is a book on the floor . Whose is _____ ?
A. he
B. she
C. it
26. It was raining so hard that _____ of her feet were wet .
A. all
B. every
C. both
27. Kate lost _____ keys . _____ asked _____ for help .
A. her ; She ; I
B. her ; She ; me
C. hers ; She ; me
28. Who teaches _____ French ?
A. them
B.they
C. their
29. The teacher asked _____ to clean the classroom .
A. you , she and I
B. I , you and she
C.you , she and me
30. – Hello ,may I speak to David ?
- Speaking . Who _____ ?
- _____ John .
A. are you ; I‘m
B. is that ; I‘m
C. is that ; This is
31. - _____ girl is your pen pal ?
- The one in red .
A. Whose
B. Who
C. Which
32. I don‘t have _____ money . Could you please lend me _____ ?
A. any ; some
B.any ; any
C.some ; any
三．翻译句子，每空一词。
1.孩子们，请随便吃些水果。
Help _____ _____ some fruit , children .
2.你将要和谁一起度假？
_____ _____ are you going to take a vacation ?
3.吉姆发现学好汉语有点难。
Jim found _____ a little difficult _____ _____ Chinese well .
4.如果你有问题，可以问我。
If you have _____ _____ , you can ask me .
5.教室里有许多孩子，一些在读书，其他的在写字。
There are _____ children in the classroom . _____ are reading , and _____ are writing . 四．按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. We had a good time in Hangzhou last week .（改为同义句）
We _____ _____ in Hangzhou last week .
2. My brother is teaching himself now .（改为同义句）
My brother is _____ _____ _____ now .
3. That is my English book .（改为同义句）
That is an English book _____ _____ .
4. Li Ping is tall with a pair of glasses .（对划线部分提问）
_____ does Li Ping _____ _____ ?
5. The population of Shandong Province is over 90 million .（对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ the population of Shandong Province ?
6. Both you and he have been to the Great Wall .（改为否定句）
_____ you _____ he _____ been to the Great Wall .
7. All of us run in the park every morning .（改为否定句）
_____ of us _____ in the park every morning .
四形容词Adjective(adj.)和副词Adverb(adv.)
◆一形容词
形容词用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。（一）作定语
1.如果几个形容词修饰一个名词，其顺序为：限定词（my / the / this / some / two）+ 性质（lovely / bad）+ 大小+ 形状、新旧、年龄+ 颜色+ 地方+ 材料+ 用途类别+ 中心名词。如：She has beautiful long curly blonde hair . / a fine old stone bridge / some lovely little black birds
2.形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但修饰不定代词时常放在所修饰词之后。如：This is an interesting story . / I have something important to tell you .
(二) 作表语
1．The classroom is big and bright .
2. 有少数形容词一般只能作表语，不能作定语。alone单独的awake醒着的afraid害怕的well身体健康的asleep睡着的alive活着的
3. 一些连系动词后也可以接形容词作表语。look看上去sound 听起来get变得turn 变得become变得grow变得feel感觉taste 尝起来seem看上去stay保持keep 保持remain保持appear显得
(三) 作宾语补足语
Who left the door open ?
(四) the + 形容词：表示一类人或物。如果指人，作主语时为复数，指事物时为单数。如：The old are taken good care of .
◆二副词
副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
(一) 副词的位置
1. 副词在句中的位置较灵活，可放句首、句中或句末。一般的，多数副词放在动词后面。但very / much / still / almost等程度副词常放在修饰词之前。always / often等频率副词放在行为动词之前、系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。如：He is often late for school .
2. 多个副词同时出现的次序通常为：方式副词—地点副词—时间副词。如：She went to work by bus in Beijing last year .
(二) 副词的作用
1. 作状语It‘s raining hard .
2. 作表语Class is over .
3. 作定语The workers here are hard-working .
◆三形容词怎样变副词
1. 大多数形容词在词尾加-ly。如：careful-carefully quick-quickly
2. 以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加-ly。如：easy-easily happy-happily
lucky-luckily
3. 以―元音字母+e‖结尾的形容词，去e再加-ly。如：true-truly
4. 以le结尾的形容词，去e再加-y。如：possible-possibly simple-simply
※少数以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。如：friendly(友好的) lonely(孤独的) lovely(可爱的)等。
◆四形容词和副词的等级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级（即原形）、比较级、最高级。比较级表示两者
（人或事物）的比较，最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，而副词最高级前加不加都可以。
（一）规则变化
1. 一般在词尾加-er / -est . 如：
原级比较级最高级
small smaller smallest
high higher highest
2. 以不发音字母e结尾的，在词尾加-r / -st .如:
原级比较级最高级
nice nicer nicest
large larger largest
3. 以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加-er / -est .如：
原级比较级最高级
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
4. 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er / -est .如：
原级比较级最高级
big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，在其前加moer / most .如：
原级比较级最高级
popular more popular most popular
delicious more
most delicious
delicious
（二）不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good / well better best
many / much more most
bad / ill / badly worse worst
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
old older / elder年长的oldest / eldest
◆五形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法
1. 同级比较肯定as +形容词/副词原级+ as(…与…一样…)
否定not as / so +形容词/副词原级+ as(…不如…) 如：
①He is as tall as I .他和我一样高。②He runs as fast as I .他和我跑得一样快。
③This ruler is not as / so long as that one .这把尺子没有那把长。
2. too…to… (太…不能…) 如：It‘s too hot to do anything .天气太热以至于不能做任何事。
3. …enough to… (足以干…) 如：He is old enough to go to school .
4. A+比较级+than+B(A比B…) 如：
①The earth is bigger than the moon .地球比月球大。
②He works harder than we .他比我们工作更努力。
5. （越来越…）比较级+ and +比较级
more and more+原级如：
①When spring comes , the days are getting longer and longer .当春天来临时，白天变得越来越长。
②This song is getting more and more popular .这首歌变得越来越流行了。
6. The +比较级…，the +比较级…（越…就越…）如：
①The harder you study , the better grades you will get .你学习越努力，就越能取得好成绩。
②The more you have , the more you want .你拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。
7. Which / Who…+比较级，A or B ? (A和B，谁更…？) 如：
①Which is cheaper , the T-shirt or the shirt ?T恤和衬衣，哪个更便宜？
②Who runs faster , Tom or Jim ?汤姆和吉姆，谁跑得更快？
8. the +最高级+ in（of,among）… (最…) 如：
①Ann is the tallest in our class .安是我们班上最高的。
②China is the greatest in the world .
9. 比较级+than any (other)… 用比较级的句式表示最高级的意思如：
①Rose is taller than any other student in her class .罗斯比班上任何其他学生都高。意思是她是班上个子最高的
10. one of the +最高级+名词复数(最…之一) 如：
①The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China .黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
②Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan .周杰伦是台湾最受欢迎的歌手之一。
11. Which / Who+…（the）+最高级，A ，B or C ? A、B和C，哪个（谁）最…？如：
①Which is the biggest , the sun , the earth or the moon ?太阳、月亮和地球，哪个最大？
②Who runs (the) fastest , Kate , Tom or Mike ?谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？
12. the +序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数第几…的… 如：
The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country .长江是我国第一长河。
◆六比较级的修饰语
比较级前可加much / a little / a bit / even / far / still等来修饰，说明程度，但不可用very / quite / rather / too / so 等修饰。如：
①It is much colder today than yesterday .今天比昨天冷得多。
②My apple is a little bigger than yours .我的苹果比你的大点儿。
练习
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级
strong ________ ________ high ________ ________ slowly ________ ________ quickly ________ ________ badly ________ ________ well ________ ________ much ________ ________ far ________ ________
busy ________ ________ fat ________ ________
fine ________ ________ clever ________ ________ angry ________ ________ sad ________ ________
old ________ ________ often ________ ________
few ________ ________ empty ________ ________
二、将下列形容词变为副词
loud ______ usual ______ final ______ real ______ lucky ______ fast ______ busy ______ early ______ polite ______ certain ______ near ______
三、将下列名词变为形容词
cloud ______ wind ______ sun ______ care ______ danger ______ thank ______ worry ______ help ______ friend ______ noise ______ death ______ health ______ China ______
四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Which kind of meat is __________ (popular) in China , beef , pork or chicken ?
2. Summer is __________ (hot) season of the year .
3. Shanghai is one of __________ (big ) cities in the world .
4. I think English is __________ (interesting) than math .
5. He doesn‘t run as ______ (fast) as you .
6. The Yellow River is the second ________ (long) river in China , and it is one of the ________ (long) rivers in the world .
7. Which problem is __________ (difficult) , this one or that one ?
8. Tom comes to school ________ (early) than him .
9. Of all the workers , he is __________ (busy) .
10. Try your ______ (well) and you can do ______ (well) in English .
11. Our city is becoming _____ and __________ (beautiful) .
12. Who is ________ (tall) , the girl or the boy ?
13. This song is __________ (popular) than that one , I think .
14. Lin Ming is one of __________ (good) students in our class .
15. Tom ,you‘re too fat ! You must take ________ (much) exercise and eat ________ (little) meat .
16. Lucy works as ________ (hard) as Lily . I think they can both get good grades .
17. In our city , it‘s ________ (hot) in July , but it i s even ________ (hot) in August .
18. Mary works __________ (carefully) in our class .
19.Which of the twins runs ______ (fast) ?
20. Congratulations ! It‘s a very ________ (success) performance .
21. ________ (luck), he was not badly hurt .
中考英语语法专项练习题及答案中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语 主谓一致 英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】 Ⅰ. 用适当的be动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book. 2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books. 10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook. 13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth. 16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) watching TV after supper. 17. What you said _______ (be) quite useful to us. 18. Look! The class _______ (do) morning exercise on the playground. 19. Twenty years _______ (have) passed since he left his hometown. 20. Three glasses of milk _______ (be) enough for us. Ⅲ. 单项选择 ( )21. Either Tom or I ______ going there tomorrow. A. are B. is C. am D. be ( )22. Jenny as well as her friends ______ swimming. A. are going B. has gone C. were going D. have gone ( )23. No one ______ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked ( )24. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ______ from the USA.
第二篇句法 一、主要句式 (一) 知识概要 初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. ④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here这样的词还有 Police，如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。两个警察为 two policemen。又如 a policewoman, two policewomen⑤所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything，someone，something … 要作为单数如： Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有：and not only … but also，ne ither … nor，either … or如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet，如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true表示选择关系的连词有：or，either … or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果关系的并列连词有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam 在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。①在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不
马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总
一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、 程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通 常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小 姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词 担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打 扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者 “怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由
中考英语语法总复习 Ⅰ词类。 词类英语名称意义例词 名词The Noun (缩写为n) 表示人或事物的名称Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train 冠词The Article (art) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a, an, the 代词The Pronoun (pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词They, his, him, mine, which, all 形容词The Adjective (adj) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, hungry 数词The Numeral (num) 表示数量或顺序Three, thirteen, twenty, second 动词The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副词The Adverb (adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介词The Preposition (prep) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系From, with, at, into, behind, between, for 连词The Conjunction (conj) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句And, or, but, so, because 感叹词The Interjection (interj) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear （一）名词： 专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如China, John, London, the USA, Harbin . 个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如boat, chair, desk, apple . 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如family, people, class, police . 可数名词 普通名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton . 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如health, help, work, friendship . 不可数名词 2．名词的数。可数名词有单复数，不可数名词没有单复数。X| k |B| 1 . c|O |m 3．名词的格：名词有三个格：主格（作主语）、宾格（作宾语）、和所有格。其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化。 （二）冠词 1．定冠词－the . ○1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students are very good. ○2 说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet ? ○3 重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black . ○4 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves around the earth . ○5 形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school . I live in the south . ○6 乐器的名称前常用定冠词－the 。I like playing the piano / violin . ○7 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表某一类人。We should help the poor . ○8 放在某些专有名词前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week . the people’s Republic of China . ○9 放在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching
2020中考英语精华知识点全汇总！ 一．英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构： You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 2、 (1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义：
约翰不象迈克那么笨。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 二．中考考点—词组
中考英语语法专题详解三 介词、连词 一. 介词 1. 介词概述：介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。 2. 常用介词的意义和用法。 ⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别： 表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如： He was born on the night of May 10th. I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning. His glasses are on the desk. My brother is at the bus stop. ⑵after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般过去时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would come back after 6：00. My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month. ⑶since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“持续一段时间”,都常用于完成时态;如：
中考英语语法填空知识点(大全)经典 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小
．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no： no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another:
Ⅰ. 单项选择。 1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2018. A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 2. Would you please tell me ________? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game 3. I don’t know when __________. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 4.---We don’t know _____________. ---It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 5. -What did you say just now? - I asked _____. A. that I could open the door B. could I open the door C. how could I open the door D. how I could open the door 6. - Guess _____ I did yesterday. - I think you went to a party. A. where B. when C. what D. which 7. - Can you tell me _____ your parents at home? - I often wash clothes and sweep the floor. A. how will you help B. how you help C. how you will help D. how do you help 8. Excuse me, but may I ask you ____? A. what business are you in B. what business you are in C. in what business are you D. are you in what business 9. - Can you see ____? - No. Let’s go and have a look. Maybe we can help them. A. what are they doing there B. what was happening there C. what is happening there D. what are they talking there
2017中考英语语法专题详解 一：名词 专题一名词 1. 名词的数 概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。 复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图： 规则 例词 一般情况下加-s apple-apples, ruler-rulers 以s, x, ch，sh,结尾的加-es bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-es city-cities, county-countries 以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves 以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s
在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes， potato-potatoes Hero-heroes，Negro-Negroes 2) 复数的不规则构成法： a.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量) b. 熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students 3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water, meat, air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。 1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。 There is little milk at home. The old man has lots of money. 2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread
一、选择题 1．—Let’s go to Wanda Movie Theater? It has a large screen. —But it is _____________ of all the cinemas in Jinan. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 2．China is ________ country in the world. A．the third largest B．the largest third C．the third large D．a third largest 3．—How is your head teacher? —Our head teacher is _________ with us and we usually feel nervous in his lesson. A．kind B．pleased C．strict D．good 4．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 5．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 6．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 7．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 8．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 9．—Did you watch 2018 CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala in Taian? —Certainly. That night the sky over Taian was as _______ as that in the day with the light. A．bright B．brightly C．brighter D．more brightly 10．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 11．Going for a drive sounds really _______. A．happy B．excited C．boring D．interested 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．—Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda?
专题一名词 Ⅰ.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普 名词。 专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名 公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。（见资料） 如：Yao Ming 姚明； China 中国；Christmas 圣诞节等。 Ⅱ. 可数名词和不可数名词普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数 名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如：an apple; two apples 。 ★注意： a 用于以辅音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前； an 用于以元音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前。 如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/’aepl/ ，a red apple , an hour/’aua/ 2．不可数名词: 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。(1)物质名词。如： water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish(鱼肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)；sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。这类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。如：a cup of tea; two bags of rice; three bottles of water 等。 (2)抽象名词。如： news; music; time(时间); information等。 (3)不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用。 (4)注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。 如：fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。但使用时一定要区分它们表达的不同意义。 Ⅲ. 名词的数 (1)元音或词尾发生变化 如：man→men; woman→women; Frenchman→Frenchmen; tooth→teeth; foot→feet; child→children (2)单复数形式相同 如：sheep→sheep; fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→Japanese; yuan→yuan (3)形式为单数意思为复数如：people，police（集合名词） (4)形式为复数意思为单数如：news, maths, physics, the United States等。 (5)只用复数形式如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。 3. 不可数名词的量的表示：（不能直接用数字；不能直接加a。an；无复数形式）(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等词修饰。 (2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词。 如：a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of water
动词 ( ) 1. -- How long may I ______ your book? --For a week. But you must n’t ______ it to others. A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow ( ) 2. It won’t ______ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai. A. spend B. use C. take D. pay ( ) 3. Mr. Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn’t be B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t ( ) 4. –Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata? --Yes, it ______ really beautiful A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears ( ) 5. Lily finished _______ the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( ) 6. Mrs. Brown isn’t here. She has to ______ her baby at home. A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after ( ) 7. I have to go now. please remember to _______ the lights when you leave.
最新中考英语语法填空知识点总结和题型总结 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小