学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。
为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。
一、多“说”。
自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。
或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。
如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。
二、多“听”
寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。
三、多“读”。
“读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。
四、多“写”
有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下：The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.
只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。
学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。
背英语单词技巧
1、循环记忆法
艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线
人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。
在信息的处理上，记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程，从信息处理的角度上，英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人的，它可以存贮1015比特(byte，字节)的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%，还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为，有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果，却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的牢固度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。
一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释
德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后，记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一，而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。
根据我们所知道的，记忆的保持在时间上是不同的，有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的：
输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后，便成为了人的短时的记忆，但是如果不经过及时的复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘，而经过了及时的复习，这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆，从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么，对于我们来讲，怎样才叫做遗忘呢，所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来，也不能回忆起来，或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆，这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的，他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节，也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合，比如asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他经过对自己的测试，得到了一些数据。
然后，艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线，这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量，横轴表示时间(天数)，曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。
这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的，遗忘的进程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丢掉几个，转天又丢几个的，而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快，后来就逐渐减慢了，到了相当长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗忘的发展规律，即"先快后慢"的原则。观察这条遗忘曲线，你会发现,学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)。随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢，遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后
不久进行一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持98%，乙组保持56%；一周后甲组保持83%，乙组保持33%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。
二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线
而且，艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记住12个无意义音节，平均需要重复16.5次；为了记住36个无意义章节，需重复54次；而记忆六首诗中的480个音节，平均只需要重复8次！这个实验告诉我们，凡是理解了的知识，就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的。因此，比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料，而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气，在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此，艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线，而且是对无意义的音节而言，对于与其他材料的对比，艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致的。
因此，艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理，学习要勤于复习，而且记忆的理解效果越好，遗忘的也越慢。
三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线--个性化的艾宾浩斯
上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后，产生了不同的记忆数据，从而生成的一种曲线，是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的个性特点，而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。
但是记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为，只能起一个催化的作用，如果与每个人的记忆特点相吻合，那么就如顺水扬帆，一日千里；如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线
2》如何学英语
下定决心，坚持不懈
英语学习作为一门语言技能，通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说，英语学习的原则是听、说领先，读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡，首先建立起我能学好英语的信心，然后以句子为单位，大量地模仿，疯狂地操练，大声地朗读，最后达到自如地说英语，他的方法对提高说英语的能力很奏效。钟道隆教授45岁开始学英语，一年后，学成出国当口语翻译，并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法，他的方法强调以听为主，并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳，他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机，你可想象他听了多少英语；用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐，你可想象他写了多少，在一年半内，累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时，也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。如果我们做到他那样，一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持，只要能下定决心，坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语，战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。
注意方法，循序渐进
决心下定，还注意学习方法，有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的，选择不同的学习方法，但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把基础知识掌握好，也就是说，发音要正确、基本词汇要掌握牢、基本句式要熟练、基本语法要会用。
（1）要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确，注意改正有问题的音素，特别是那些容易混淆的音素，尽早地掌握国际音标，并尽量的掌握一些读音规则，尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词，掌握读音规则对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。
（2）掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关，学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握，要注意单词的一词多义，一词多类的用法，要学会一些构词法的知识，来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学，要结合词组，通过句子，阅读文章来活记单词，死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前，先反复听，听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏，想一下单词的拼法、句子结构。并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行。
（3）掌握好基本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要，它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律，通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住，活的规则要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练，不但要注意数量，更重要的是要注意质量，尤其是基本知识要掌握的准确，熟练。只有经过大量的实践，才能做到熟能生巧，运用自如。
提前预习，有的放矢
作为学生，在每次上课前，都要对要学的课文提前预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词，也可以借助配套磁带反复听，对比一下，把握不准的要标出来，注意上课老师的发音，还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料，预习一遍课文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有数，在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之，预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容，找出不明白的地方，带着问题听课，做到有的放矢。
认真听课，积极配合
课堂是老师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的，但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极思考。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的，要向老师提出，把问题搞清楚，老师讲授的问题，先注意听，下课后整理一下笔记，反复思考一下这些问题，抓住老师所讲的重点，难点和考点。总之，上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想，调动起多个感官来。
完成作业，找出问题
学完每一课，要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案，做完后再对答案，对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题，应该记下来，等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节，它是消化知识和巩固知识的过程，一定要认真完成规定的作业，笔头作业要动一动笔，口头作业要动一动嘴，提高听力要练一练耳，课文在听和读的基础上，最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之，要做大量的练习，英语是练出来的，一定不要偷懒。
及时复习，巩固知识
学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘，但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。善于类比，总结知识，把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进行横向和纵向比较和联系。建立错误档案记录，加深印象，以避免再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的，及时复习对于记忆非常必要，学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练，不断地重复基本句型，常用词汇和基本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。
总而言之，只要你能做到下定决心学，注意学习方法，把课前预习，认真听课，完成作业，及时复习这些环节作好了，你一定能够学好英语
航海英语听力与会话（第三版）口述题.
第一章公共用语
1. Please say something about your hometown.
My hometown is Xiamen, it is a beautiful city in south china .my hometown is good port city. And famous for its tourism. Every year there are thousands of tourists coming from all parts of the country, they will enjoy the beautiful scenery. The fresh air and the blue sky. The people here are very kind and hospitable .they entertain their guests with delicious local seafood .I like my hometown very much.
2. Self –introduction
My name is Li Ming. I am twenty years old. My hometown is Xiamen. It is a beautiful city in south china. I graduated from Xiamen Ocean Collage in 2006. I have been a seaman for two years. I am a third officer. I like the life on board. My hobby is playing basketball and football. I am interested in listening music and reading storybook. Listening music can help me relax and enjoy. In my spare time, I always listen music on deck.
3. Say something about your family.
I am from Xiamen. My family is small. There are three people in my family. They are my father, my mother and I. My father is a seaman. He is a captain. He likes navigating and fishing. My mother is a doctor. She work in a big hospital in Xiamen city. She is very busy. I am a student. Now I am studying at Xiamen Ocean Collage. I will graduate next year. I like reading book and playing football. We get along very well. I am very happy with the family.
4. Y our favorite port you have call at.
My favorite port is Xiamen, it is beautiful city in south china .It is good port city. And famous for its tourism. Every year there are thousands of tourists coming from all parts of the country, they will enjoy the beautiful scenery. The fresh air and the blue sky. The people here are very kind and hospitable .they entertain their guests with delicious local seafood .I like Xiamen very much.
5. Y our responsibilities on board
I work as an A.B. on board. My duty on board is keeping watches and doing maintenance work. Before sailing, I test the wheel, check the navigation lights, prepare the signal flags. When entering or leaving the port, I keep the navigation watch. During the voyage, I steer the wheel, and keep lookout. When at sea and traffic density is low, I usually do maintenance work. Such as derusting, painting or splicing work and so on. When berthing or unberthing, I do mooring and unmooring work. My position in these cases is forecastle or poop. When lying alongside, I keep the gangway watch.
第三章靠离与锚泊业务
1. As an officer on duty, how do you keep watch while the ship is at anchor?
When the ship is at anchor, the officer being on duty, I should comply with the captain’s order, keep continuous listening watch on VHF, and check anchor position frequently by GPS fixing and radar fixing. If any ship is coming ,I should keeping watch the coming vessel ,pay attention to her position to prevent the two ships from collision .in case of anchor dragging ,I will inform master, inform the engine room to stand by engine, and inform the harbour control.
3. The procedures before arrival at a port.
Before a ship arrives at a port, the crewmember should make the following preparations. On the bridge, the officer on duty should first inform the engine room to stand by engine and then call the captain to come onto the bridge .at last test all the navigation equipment to see if they are in good working order. In the engine room, the engineer on duty should receive the bridge orders, and then stand by engine. At last, inform the bridge that engine is ready.
4. Describe the procedures before leaving a port.
Before a ship leaves a port, the crewmember should make the following preparations. On the bridge ,the officer on duty should comes on the bridge and inform the duty engineer in the engine room to stand by engine .ALL the navigation equipment must be see if they are in good working order, In the engine room ,the engineer on duty must follow the orders and also check the equipment of the engine room. On deck, the sailors on duty close the hatches and secure all the cargoes to prevent them from moving. The duty officer informs the fore and aft crew members to stand by departure.
5. Describe the procedures of pilotage.
When a ship is arriving at a port, she usually needs a pilot .the officer on duty calls the pilot with VHF, reporting the ETA to the pilot, asking when and where the pilot will come on board the ship and on which side the pilot ladder will be rigged. Then the officer on duty at the bridge informs the bosun to rig the ladder according to the pilot’s request. When the pilot boat comes near the ship, it should reduce speed to ease the embarkation .The officer on duty receiver the pilot on deck and took him to the bridge; the captain gives the pilot card to him and introduces some particulars of the ship.
第四章装卸作业
2. Describe the procedures before entering an enclosed space.
Before we enter an enclosed space, ventilation should be carried out in advance; the concentration of oxygen should be checked. We will be prohibited from entering the space if it is low. In that case, we shall wear breathing apparatus .Some crew shall keep watch at the entrance and exit. The interphone shall be carried to contact others in time .electric torch and illuminating device shall be carried. In the event of dangers, we shall call for help and withdraw.
4. Describe the actions to be taken in case of an oil spill on board.
If an oil spill happens on board, the person on the spot shall report to bridge immediately and take some measures such as shut off the oil pump. The bridge will sound the alarm. On hearing the alarm, all the crew shall carry tools to remove the spilled oil immediately. Before bunkering, precautions must be taken, such as plugging deck scuppers, placing oil removing tools and fire –fighting equipment on the bunkering spot, closely monitoring oil level, ensuring the communication between watchmen and bunkering tanker.
第五章航行
1. The duties of watch –keeping when underway.
When underway, a proper lookout shall be kept continuously .give way to the coming vessel early and g ive her a wide berth. Keep listening on VHF 16 .take ship’s position frequently to ensure the ship on the planned courses .stand by to proceed in reduced visibility. Check the navigational instruments frequently to see if they are in good working order. Anyway, various means shall be employed to ensure the navigational safety of the ship.
2. Describe the bridge shift change.
The relieving officer must relieve the watch on time, reporting to the bridge early enough become informed of the situation before taking over the watch. The relieving officer must read and understand the entries in the master’s Night Order Book and sign it to indicate understanding of the master’s order. He must confirm the ship’s present position. Review related charts and publications, discuss the navigational situation with the officer on watch and check the ship’s gyro course recorder. If satisfied that all the above information is correct, in order and understood, the relieving officer will finally relieve the officer on watch. The watch officer must not surrender the watch until assured that the relieving officer is physically capable and fully understand the steaming situation. The watch is not to be relieved during a maneuver.
3. Describe the difference between navigation in a narrow channel and in a traffic separation scheme.
Narrow channel is relatively small in width where vessel maneuverability is restricted .when proceeding along the course of a narrow channel, a vessel shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable. Traffic Separation Scheme means a scheme where traffic lanes are separated by separation line and separation zone. It is to reduce traffic collision and improve safe navigation. V essel using TSS should navigate along the traffic flow direction for that lane. The major differences between them are that vessel proceeding in narrow channel have limit in maneuverability and keep to the starboard side of the channel. But in TSS vessel ought to follow the direction of traffic flow indicated in the appropriate chart. They are not allowed in the opposite direction of the traffic.
4. Describe advantages of various tools or technologies for proper lookout.
Proper lookout includes but is not limited by the following: visual lookout, hearing, Radar, VHF, Telescope, etc... By visual lookout, the prevailing circumstances and
conditions in the vicinity o the vessel can be clearly known. By using Radar, the range and bearing of objects can be detected so as determine if risk of collision exist. According to the figures, you can decide when, where and how to avoid the unfavorable situations. It is convenient for navigators to communicate easily with each other through VHF. The purpose of proper lookout is to maintain safety. According to the prevailing circumstances and conditions, various tool and technologies are used, to keep the vessel’s safety.
第六章：修船与船体保养
3. Describe the procedures of carrying out an overhaul for navigational aids
It is necessary to carry out overhaul of navigational aids. The content of overhaul includes the followings: the daily maintenance, weekly maintenance, monthly maintenance and annual maintenance, etc…. if a device expires, we should apply to the company for a new one. The navigational aids on board are various. We must maintain and test the carefully according to ISM documents: making out the plan of maintenance and test, carrying out the work with all items, and finishing them on time. If any problem is found, we shall solve them at once.
第七章事故处理
1. Describe the procedures in handling fire on board.
First, find out the location of the fire, sound the fire alarms and announce the fire location. If the fire is not serious, take fire-fighting measures on spot. All the crew shall operate according to the muster list. After the fire has been extinguished, the fire detector shall detect the fire again to confirm that the fire has already been put out. After that the fire site shall be cleaned. Anyway, it is very important to avoid fires on board.
2. Describe briefly the emergency procedures in handling ship borne oil pollution. Once the oil pollution happens on board ,the following procedures should be carried out .First ,sound the general emergency alarm and repeat at least three times, following by an announcement of the location .second ,inform the master and the master and the engine room.Third,stop the pumps and oil transfer operation, and plug all scuppers on deck .fourth ,under the command of the captain ,all the crew members will perfo rm their duty according to the muster list. Fifth, inform the local port administration about the accident without delay.
第八章消防与船员自救
1. Describe fire precautions on board.
Have fire patrols in all spaces regularly. Be careful to extinguish cigarettes completely. Never smoke in bed. Never smoke on deck except in areas labeled as smoking areas. Never throw a cigarette overboard. The naked light and open fire is strictly prohibited. Never use an electric iron in cabin. Carry out fire fighting drill every month. The fire fighting equipment shall be checking at regular intervals .if anything is found ,it shall be solved in time to ensure they are ready for use at any time, the fire fighting drills shall be carried out every month to assimilate every crew member with his own duties. After the fire alarm is sounded, all the crew shall go to
the assembly station. the commanded will call the roll and report the number to the bridge .the bridge will take measures according to different situations, the routine fire fighting work is very important. Every person on board shall pay attention to fire precautions to ensure the safety of ship and personnel.
2. Describe the damage control on board.
Damage control plan can be found on the bridge on board. Senior crew shall be familiar with the positions of equipment on board and ship’s structure and have them checked. If any damage is found, actions shall be taken. Muster damage control teams. Get all damage control material ready. Determine the location and then necessary measures. Find the leak and try to stop flooding with damage control material. Switch on pumps to pump the flooding water out. Post a damage control watch and check leak. Secure all watertight doors and other openings.. Rope off the flooding area. If the damage is serious, report to the master to abandon the ship.
3 Describe the measures taken on board if aground.
If a ship is aground. Must stop engine. Sound general emergency alarm. Exhibit lights / shapes and make any appropriate sound signals. Check hull for damage. Sound bilge and tanks. Sound around ship to determine which way deep water lies and the nature of the seabed. Obtain information on local currents and tides. Reduce the draft of the ship or wait the rise of the tide for re-floating
4 describe the measures taken on board if on fire.
If a fire is found on board. We must sound the fire alarm. Call master to the bridge if he is not on the bridge. Muster crew. Each crewmember has to carry out his assigned duty. Determine the class of fire. Use appropriate extinguishers to put the fire off. Close down ventilation fans and all doors to prevent the spread of the fire. Check for missing and injured persons. When the fire is extinguished, post a fire watch and check the fire area to prevent the re-ignition of the fire. Rope off the fire area.
第九章救助
1 Describe the procedures of search and rescue operations.
Take hearing of distress message. Re-transmit distress message. Maintain continuous listening watch on all distress frequencies. Establish communications with all other surface units and SAR aircraft involved in the SAR operation. Plot position, courses and speeds of other assisting units. Monitor X-band radar for locating survival craft transponder (SART) signal using 6 or 12 nautical mile range scales. Post extra look-outs for sighting flares and other pyrotechnic signals.
2 Describe the responses when a person falls overboard.
Release lifebuoy with light and smoke signal on the side the crew member has fallen overboard. Take immediate avoiding action so as not to run over the man over the man overboard. Sound three prolonged blasts of the ship’s whistle. Post a lookout to maintain a continuous watch on the man overboard. Hoist signal flag ‘O’. Commence a recovery maneuver, such as a Williamson turn. Note ship’s position, wind speed and
direction and time. Inform engine room. Place engine on stand-by. Must rescue boat’s crew. Rig pilot ladder/nets to assist in the recovery. Broadcast URGENCY message to ships in the vicinity.
3. Describe briefly the GMDSS.
GMDSS means Global Maritime Distress and Safety system. It will establish communication between ship and shore in time, and avoid and decrease accidents at sea, to ensure the safety of crew and ship. GMDSS consists of INMASAT A, B, C; VHF, MF/HF, DSC, SART, EPIRB, Navtex, SSB, and so on. GMDSS can provide to ships weather forecast, navigation and safety warning, and the accurate position of vessel in distress. In case of emergence, vessels will transmit distress messages to coast station, ant the vessel in distress will be rescued.
4. Describe briefly the DSC distress alert.
DSC is a part of GMDSS on board. It is used to communications between ship and shore, ship and ship. It is the important equipment to transmit signals when a vessel is in distress. The format of distress alert is as follows: MMSI position, time, nature of distress, and later means of communication, such as telephone or telex. DSC is very important. It is very helpful for assistance in distress, which makes it more possible for ships to be salvaged.
第十章遇险
1．Send a Mayday message according to the given information.
Mayday, Mayday, Mayday. This is MV Blue Whale, Blue Whale. My call sign is WXCP, Whisky, X-ray, Charlie, Papa. My present position is 47o 4’ N, 50o8’ W. there is explosion and fire in the engine room. We have been doing our best in fire fighting but the ship is still in danger. We need fire fighting assistance. Over.
2. Send a Mayday message according to the given information.
Mayday, Mayday, Mayday. This is MV South Pacific, South Pacific. My call sign is NOPE, November, Oscar, Papa, Echo. I am aground. My present position is 22o 04’ N, 127o 08’ E. We have tried to refloat. But the wind is too strong and the ship is in danger. We need tug assistance. Over.
3. Send a Pan Pan message according to the given information.
Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Pan Pan. This is MV White Snow, White Snow. My call sign is ALMI, Alpha, Lima, Mike, India. My main engine has broken down. My present position is 22o 04’ N, 127o 08’ E . My ship is rolling and pitching heavily due to strong wind and is in danger. We need tug assistance. Over.
4. Send a Pan Pan message according to the given information.
Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Pan Pan. This is MV Blue Sea, Blue Sea. My call sign is BERN, Bravo, Echo, Romeo, November. My present position is 22o04’N, 127o 08’E . My steering gear has broken down. The vessel is out of control and adrift. I am in danger. I need convoy assistance. Over.
第十一章港口国检查
2 Please describe the preparatory work or the daily maintenance work to be done by you before a PSC inspection.
I am a third officer. I am responsible for the care of the fire-fighting appliances, life-saving appliances, ship’s signaling equipment and signal flags. Before a PSC inspection, I must ensure that all these appliances and equipments are in good condition and available for immediate use. Prepare these appliances inspecting and maintaining plans, Prepare the records of inspection, test and maintenance of all these appliances.
第十二章ISPS
2 Please describe something about Automatic Identification System.
Automatic Identification System is device that transmits information about your ship and receives the same from other ships. An example of information transmitted would be: Call s ign, ship’s name, the ship’s speed, course and destination. The AIS is an important tool for coastal states to monitor ship traffic and to detect possible threats. Coast stations can also receive this information.
4. please describe something about ship security training and drill.
On board ship, trainings and drills of Security are very important. Usually the security training is carried out once a month. And the security drill is carried out once every three months. The ship imagines a security incident during the drill. All the crewmembers must take part in the drill. The security officers is in charge of the training. All personnel except the duty members must join the activity. Imagining a incident, transmitting alert, carrying out different duties by the crew, summarizing the above result and submitting a report to company are the basic procedure of ship security training and drill.
没事就用这些词练练你的嘴皮子~~
●说吧，你是想死呢还是不想活了？
●好久没有人把牛皮吹的这么清新脱俗了！
●你给我滚，马不停蹄的滚……
●人人都说我丑，其实我只是美得不明显。
●无理取闹,必有所图！
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●天被熬亮了。
●不是路不平，而是你不行。
●恶心妈妈抱着恶心哭得很伤心，为什么呢？因为恶心死了……
●要不是打不过你，我早就和你翻脸了。
●我这心碎得，捧出来跟饺子馅似的。
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●没人牵手，我就揣兜。
●我的兴趣爱好可分为静态和动态两种，静态就是睡觉，动态就是翻身…
●唉～这人要一没正形，连头痛都是偏的。
●我这人不太懂音乐，所以时而不靠谱，时而不着调。
●怎么会突然想哭？难道我也有些逆流成河的小忧伤？
_________________________________________________
●好漂亮的美女叔叔啊！
●我不跟猪摔跤有两个原因：首先这让我自己变得很脏，其次这让猪很高兴。
●没事偷着乐是不太可能了,偷着胖还是有点儿希望.
●放下屠刀立地成佛的意思是，你放下屠刀的那一刻对方把你砍成两瓣儿了。
●没事可做时，觉得最累。
_________________________________________________
●李碧华说过：什么叫多余？夏天的棉袄，冬天的蒲扇，还有等我已经心冷后你的殷勤。
●永远年轻，永远装嫩，永远不知好歹，永远热泪盈眶。
●我爸面对我发胖一事发表了看法：没有韩红的命，还得了韩红的病。
●你来我信你不会走，你走我当你没来过。——我们该这样对待缘分与爱。
●曾以为我是那崖畔的一枝花，后来才知道，不过是人海一粒渣。
_________________________________________________
●荡气回肠，消化不良。
●女人喜欢长的坏坏的男人,并不是喜欢长坏了的男人..
●麻子不叫麻子，坑人。
●江湖险恶，不行就撤！
●不敲几下，你不可能知道一个人或一个西瓜的好坏。
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●孤独的人常表现得很坚强；寂寞的人则多半温和。
●大笑是绽放的微笑。
●我的意中人是个绝色大美女，终于有一天她会骑着喷火的恐龙来嫁给我
的，可是我看见了她的坐骑，却没有看见她的主人。
●孤单是一个人的狂欢，狂欢是一群人的孤单。
●虽不安分，也该守己。
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●人不犯我，我不犯人。人若犯我，我就生气！
●别逼我，否则我伟大起来，一发不可收拾。
●我们是平凡的人，我们也是特别的人，所以我们是特别平凡的人。
●那个人敢说自己纯净？瞧你那眼神就透着浑浊。
●没有什么比弱者对强者的鄙视更无力了。
_________________________________________________
●如有雷同，纯属你抄我
●笨鸟先飞，笨猪先肥。
●当你的眼泪忍不住要流出来的时候，睁大眼睛，千万别眨眼，你会看到世
界由清晰到模糊的全过程。
●告诉你别逼我，你要是再逼我，我就装死给你看。
●年轻算什么，谁没年轻过？你老过吗？真是的
_________________________________________________
●别用世故的样子来武装自己，它会水土不服。
●解释就是掩饰，掩饰就是编故事。
●所谓门槛，过去了便是门，过不去就成了槛。
●陌生阻止你认识陌生的事物，熟悉妨碍你理解熟悉的事物。
●人生的悲哀就在于，当你想两肋插刀的时候，却只有一把刀。
_________________________________________________
● 如果全是老姜，将是一个何等辛辣的社会。
● 狮子不会因为听到狗吠而回头。
● 水越深，水流越平稳。
●在你不当回事的时候，一切就好了起来。
● 无论是国王还是农夫，只要能在自己家里找到安宁，他就是最幸福的人。_________________________________________________
● 一分钱一分货,稀饭吃了不经饿.
● 水壶啊，你为什么哭泣，是因为屁股太烫了吗?
● 如果命运抓住了伱的喉咙，伱就挠命运嘚胳肢窝。
● 拦着成长的不是幼稚，而是自以为成熟。
● 如果命运折断了你的腿，他会教你如何跛行
__________________________________________________
● 打死你我也不说
●左脑全是水，右脑全是面粉，不动便罢了，一动全是浆糊
●挣钱就像用针掘地，花钱就像水渗进土里。
●我也有要去的地方，只是我要去的地方，没道路通向那里。
●你浪费的粮食都会堵在你去往天堂的路上。
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●生活是丰富多彩的，但我也有自己的颜色。
●如果有一天我失踪了，只有两种可能：身体在旅行，或者灵魂在旅行。
●讓人格与腦門一同閃亮。
●你的丑和你的脸没有关系。
●我从来没有欺骗过你，因为我从来没有欺骗你的必要。
__________________________________________________
●我可以选择放弃，但我不能放弃选择。
●天没降大任于我，照样苦我心志，劳我筋骨。
●也许似乎大概是，然而未必不见得。
●再过一百年，就长成了参天大葱。
●幸福就是当你照镜子的时候，喜欢你看到的那个人。
听力训练题（三）录音稿 Ⅰ．情景反应根据你所听到的内容，选择正确的应答语。每小题读两遍。（共5分，每小题1分） 1. Nice to meet you, boys and girls. 2. How about going out for dinner this evening? 3. Let me help you take the bags. 4. I’m going to Hong Kong this summer holiday. 5. Thank you for showing me your family photos. Ⅱ．对话理解根据你所听到的对话及问题选择正确答案。每小题读两遍。（共10分，每小题1分） 6． W: Good morning. M: Good morning. W: I've come over to say "hello". My family has just moved into the house next door. M: Great! Nice to meet you, Miss... W: Call me Helen. Qusetion:Why does Helen come to the man's house? 7．M: Well, that was a wonderful meal! W: Lovely, I enjoy eating out. Waiter, come here please. Question:Where are they talking? 8．W: What are you doing, Daniel? M: I'm reading this novel. It's really exciting. I can hardly put it down! W: Shame on you, it's written for children. M: But adults like me enjoy it too. Question:Which is true about Daniel? 9．W: Oh, Peter, what a surprise! You use chopsticks so well! M: People here in China always ask me if I can use chopsticks. It's not hard. In fact I could use them before I came to China. We have a few Chinese restaurants in the UK, you know. They are really very popular. Question:When did Peter learn to use chopsticks(筷子)? 10．W: Tom, you look funny today! Ah, your shirt. Where did you get this ugly shirt? M: Well, it was a present from my grandma. She said it was the most beautiful shirt in the world. What could I say? W: Why didn't you wear your own T-shirt? M: That's the thing. I don't want to hurt her feelings so I just said I loved it. And she insisted on making me wear it the whole day! Question:What is Tom like?
无限航区船舶二/三副问答题参考答案 第一章 1.My date of birth is --- 2.My seaman’s book number is ----- 3.I am from --- 4.My Captain’s nationality is --- 5.I think the most important thing on board is safety navigation. 6.We often an Shanghai, Xiamen, Hong Kong. 7.My favorite TV program is news. 8.My favorite Web site is ---- 9.My favorite day of the week is Saturday, because it is holiday. 10.My favorite kind of movie is action movies. 11.My favorite kind of music is pop music. 12.My favorite magazine is --- 13.There are 5 thousand people in my hometown. 14.The population of my country is 1.3 billion. 15.The best thing about my hometown is --- 16.The worst thing about my hometown is --- 17.My hometown is a small village. 18.Yes, there are typhoon, flood. 19.I like to watch football game on TV. 20.I think playing football is the most popular sport in the world. 第三章 1.Yes I can. They are spring line, breast, headline, stern line. 2.I should prepare pilot ladder, overside (search) light, heaving line, pilot card etc. before the … 3.The maximum speed through the water is 2 knots that the ship can anchor without risking breaking the cable. 4.The signal flag “Golf” should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot. 5.She can use VHF calling, Telex etc. to get in touch … 6.Pilot station often asks ship’s maximum draft, LOA, air draft, displacement, cargo on board. ETA. Ship’s position etc. 7.Same as above (we should ……. To the pilot station) 8.We should confirm the ETA, pilot on board time and boarding position. Which side to rig pilot
《英语听力》课程教学大纲 第一部分听力阶段 一、课程性质、课程目标与教学要求 听力课是英语教学中四项基本技能之一也是中国学生的一个难点。突破这个难关不仅有助于其它单项技能的训练同时也为培养学生的英语交际能力奠定一个良好的基础。听力课是英语专业的基础课目的是系统地训练和培养学生的英语视听和说的能力并在四年之通过专业四、八级考试。视听说能力是语言交际必不可少的手段之一也是中学教学中课堂教学的重要部分。因此培养具有一定听说能力并能用英语作为课堂教学语言的合格中学教师和相当水准的英语翻译人才是学院英语专业听力课程教学目的之所在。听力课是一门综合了语音、词汇、语法、惯用法、背景知识、记忆以及概括能力的学科它要求学生通过这门课的学习增长语言知识提高语言技能以及扩大知识面。听力课不同于书面语教学它要求学生注意力集中养成良好听力习惯提高英语语感包括音的辨别、句子结构的分析、容的判断乃至短期和长期记忆的提高等。 二、关于教材与学习参考书的建议 本课程所使用教材 1、 Listen This Way Book I II III IV 2、《听力教程》第一、二、三、四册主要参考书 1、《八级听力训练》. 2、《VOA听力教程》。 3、《BBC听力教程》 4、《托福听力基础教程》 5、《英语专业四级听写与听力理解》6、《TOEFL听力模考题精选》 7、《初级Listen to This》、《中级Listen to This》Listen This Way 这套教材涉略广泛攘括了家庭教育、环境保护、儿童理财等方方面面。但该套教材难度梯度区分不大特别是第一册的教材对于大一的新生来说难度偏大所以教学进度得放慢此外教师应适当补充难度较适合学生的材料如《初级Listen to This》、《托福听力基础教程》以便培养学生的学习兴趣、树立学生的自信心。《听力教程》这套教材学生普遍反映太难且每单元的容量颇大较适合大二以上学生使用建议为学生订一套难度接近Listen This Way的课外补充教材。 三、课程教学容纲要 第一学期 Unit 1 Can I Take a Message I 2学时 Unit 2 Can I Take a Message II 2学时 Unit 3 Clear or Cloudy 2学时 Unit 4 Can time More Backward 2学时 Unit 5 Flying In and Out. 2学时 Unit 6 By Bus or By Train 2学时 Quiz Unit 7 This Way or That Way 2学时 Unit 8 Cash or Cheque 2学时 Unit 9 Toward Better Health I 2学时 Unit 10 Toward Better Health II 2学时 Mid-term Exam Unit 11 The Interview’s Eye 2学时 VOA Special English 2学时 VOA Special English 2学时
1.Can you list at least three mooring lines Yes .They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line. 你能列举集中缆绳吗头缆，横缆，倒缆和尾缆 2.What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board The pilot ladder, a heaving line and a life buoy. 在引航员上船前要准备些什么引航梯，吊绳和救生圈。 How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival Through VHF. 在到港前船舶如何与港口取得联系通过甚高频。 What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station The ship’s present position, ETA at pilot station or anchorage. 什么信息需要报告给引航站船舶的当前位置，预计到达引航站或者锚地的时间。 What should be confirmed from the pilot station Pilot’s boarding time and place, the ship’s side where the pilot ladder will be put. 什么信息需要引航站确认引航员的登船时间，地点和安放引航梯的船舷。 When the vessel enters the VTS area, what I srequested to report Ship’s name and call sign, present course and speed, ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point that the vessel is passing. 在船舶进入交管区时，需要报告些什么船名，呼号，当前的航向和速度，预计到达引航站的时间，船舶正通过的报告点。 If you are ordered: “stand by both engines!” , how should you reply and report I should repeat “stand by both engines”, then report “both engines stand by”. 如果你被命令“备双车”，你该怎么复诵和报告我会复诵“备双车”，报告“双车备好”。Can you list 3 canals in the world Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 列举三大运河苏伊士运河，巴拿马运河和基尔运河。 When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say Stand by on VHF channel 16. 在甚高频通信中，当你要求接受者保持在16频道，你要怎么说在甚高频16频道收听。 What does “dredging of an anchor” mean It means moving an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel. 拖锚是什么意思它是指有意的在海底拖锚移动，控制船舶的运动。 What does “ underway” mean It means a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or agroud. 在航是什么意思船舶不在拖锚，系岸或者搁浅的状态。 What the difference between a “ radar beacon” and a “radar reflector” Radar reflector is a passive device that can only enhance the aids’ability to reflect radar signals; however, radar beacon is an active device that can transmit a pulse for identification. 雷达信标和雷达反射器之间的区别 雷达反射器是一种被动的装置，只能加强设备反射雷达信号的能力；但是雷达信标是一种主动的装置，能发送识别脉冲。 What does “Abandon Vessel” mean It means to evacuate crew and passengers from a distressed vessel. 弃船是什么意思就是遇险后船员和旅客撤离船舶。
小学三年级下册英语听力训练题 (一) 根据所听到的内容，圈出准确的单词。 boy brother teacher mother this that my friend I'm you OK nice Good morning Good evening mine meet goodbye too tea (二) 根据所听到的内容写出数字。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. (三) 根据所听到内容为下列句子排序. ( )Where is my pencil? ( )No problem. ( )Excues me ,Amy . Can I use your pencil? ( )Here you are! ( )Look ,it's here, under your book. ( )Thank you! (四) 根据所听到的内容，用图框中所给的单词填空 Jenney ： __________ 's that women ? Danny ： __________'s my mother. Jenny;Who 's that _________? Danny ：He 's my ____________. Jenny ：Hi ,mom ! ________ is my __________,Amy. Danny ：Nice to _______you.
Jenny： Nice to meet you ,__________. (五) 根据所听到的内容，补充横线上所缺内容. What would you like，please? I'd like _________,________________,_____________and _________________,please. (六) 听音排序 Let's go and eat . My favourite food is donut. How about rice and chicken ? I'm very hungry .and you ? How much for one donut? Me,too Ok. Two yuan. I'll take six.
英语听力课程教学大纲 课程编号： 一、说明 （一）课程性质 必修课 （二）教学目的 通过专门系统的、严格的听力技能训练，培养学生听力兴趣、听力理解能力和正确的听音方法，为他们今后使用英语进行交际和工作奠定坚实的基础。 （三）教学主要内容 英语数字、时间、新闻等。 （四）教学时数 128学时 （五）教学方式 在教学过程中坚持精听和泛听相结合，课内外相结合，循序渐进。 （六）适用对象 英语专业大一、大二学生 二、教学内容及安排 第一学期 Unit 1 Happy New Millennium 教学要点： 如何抓住听力内容大意。 教学时数： 4学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: The time ball Part III: Word of the millennium Part IV: Short talks on Listening skills -- Focus on the Main Idea 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 2 Net Changes Life (1) 教学要点： 如何做笔记。 教学时数： 4学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: Network Part III: Online shopping Part IV: Short talks on Listening skills -- Don’t Attempt to Write Too Much
掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 3 Net Changes Life(2) 教学要点： 如何听取细节。 教学时数： 2学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: Net changes dorm life Part III: Global multi-media giant Part IV: Language study and language appreciation 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 4 Colorful Lands, Colorful People (1) 教学要点： 如何听英语数字。 教学时数： 2学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: In Brazil and France Part III: Life here and there Part IV: Short talks on listening skills -- Be Careful with Numbers 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 5 Colorful Lands, Colorful People (2) 教学要点： 如何听英语数字。 教学时数： 2学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: The world’s six billionth inhabitant Part III: The biggest cities in the world Part IV: Language study and language appreciation 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 6 From Place to Place 教学要点： 如何听英语对话。 教学时数：
《轮机英语听力与会话》课程标准 课程代码： 课程类型：理实一体课 课程性质：必修课 适用专业：轮机工程技术专业 总学时：84 一、课程性质与作用 《轮机英语听力与会话》是海洋船舶轮机工程技术〈轮机管理〉专业基础课程，是海船船员三管轮适任考试评估课程之一，是从事船舶机械设备运行、维护、安装、调试，航运部门机务管理必备的课程。 二、课程目标 1、课程总体目标：通过任务引导的项目活动，掌握海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约（STCW公约）关于轮机英语听力与会话的基本知识；使学生在公共英语和轮机基础英语教学的基础上，巩固、扩大学生的英语基础；培养学生在工作中的英语听说能力；并满足国家海事局对海船三管轮适任标准的要求和航运企业对操作级轮机员的英语技能要求。 2、课程具体目标 1）知识目标： （1）熟悉日常用语；熟悉接待PSCO、验船师、物料商、船东代表用语；熟悉船东面试时用语； （2）掌握机舱日常业务日常用语、驾机联系日常用语、应急情况用语；掌握对外业务联系用语及PSC/ISM检查日常用语。 2）能力目标 （1）具备用英文接待PSCO、验船师、物料商、船东的能力。 （2）具备用英文交流机舱日常业务、驾机联系的能力。 （3）具备用英文处理船舶应急情况的能力。 （4）具备用英文对外业务联系的能力。 3）素质、情感目标 （1）具备良好的职业道德、工作责任心和吃苦耐劳的品质。具备服从意识与团队协作精神，具有良好的语言表达能力尤其是英语表达能力和涉外事务的处理能力。
（2）具有良好的行为习惯和人际关系，尊重他人、服从集体。具有敏捷的情景意识与正确判断能力。严格遵守劳动合同及涉外纪律，具有良好的通信与沟通能力。 三、课程设计理念与思路 课程设置依据：依据STCW78公约马尼拉修正案、国家海事局高级船员最新考纲和现代船舶轮机管理的工作需求设置“轮机英语听力与会话”课程；同时考虑到“以职业素质为基础，以适岗能力为本位”的教育教学指导思想和航海高职高专学生的认知规律，以满足远洋船舶轮机人才需求、船舶轮机岗位群能力的需求和对于高级船员的适任要求。 课程目标定位：培养轮机工程技术专业学生的日常工作中的英文交流能力，使学生掌握英文交流机舱日常业务、驾机联系的能力；英文处理船舶应急情况的能力；英文对外业务联系的能力。根据船舶轮机岗位群的三个级别（支持级、操作级、管理级），课程的目标定位于操作级高级船员----二、三管轮。 课程内容选择标准：根据STCW78/95公约马尼拉修正案（2010）和国家海事局2012年3月颁布实施的高级船员最新考纲，确定课程内容；即将课程内容与国际公约对接、与国家海事局考试要求对接，建立课、证融通的课程体系。同时，对课程内容的取舍，还要兼顾现代轮机管理的实际要求，征求航运企业专家的意见，做到与时俱进，实现课程内容与轮机现实要求的对接。 项目设计思路：遵循“项目驱动、理实结合”的职业教育理念，采用以项目驱动的课程模式，将课程内容设计为5类项目任务： ●公共英语 ●机舱日常业务 ●驾机联系 ●应急情况用语 ●对外业务用语 ●PSC/ISM检查用语
一、听力 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How is the woman going to the airport? A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By train. 2. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Teacher and student. C. Husband and wife. 3. What does the girl want to do? A. She wants to keep the disks for another week. B. She will borrow the disks next week. C. She will have to return them straight away 4. What can we learn from the conversation? A. The patient has had an appointment. B. It’s a common practice to have an appointment beforehand. C. The doctor doesn’t want to see him 5. What does the man want to do? A. He asks the woman to take care of his daughter. B. He wants to ask for leave. C. He wants to go to visit her. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7小题。 6. Where is the People’s Hospital? A. Right in the third block. B. It is far away. C. Somewhere on the left beyond the third block. 7. Who is injured? A. The man who asks the way. B. An old man. C. His friends. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10小题。 8. What was Dan.worried about at first? A. His family. B. His biology paper. C. His birthday party 9. What will Alice do over the weekend? A. To celebrate her grandmother’s birthday. B. To work on her biology paper. C. To read at the library 10. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Classmates. B. Father and daughter. C. Teacher and student. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13小题。 11. What does Joseph call Nancy for?
英语听力说课稿 外语系杜璇 各位领导，专家好： 我要说课的内容是《英语听力教程》第二册第一单元Under the Same Roof，我授课的班级是英语11-1和11-2班。本单元总授课时数为四课时，本次说课是第一二课时。我会从本课程的地位与作用，教材分析，教学目标，重点难点，教学方法，教学步骤等几个方面进行分析： 一、本课程的地位与作用 英语听力课是英语专业必修课, 是一门重要的学科基础课，乃听说读写译之首。只有听懂了，才有可能进行基本的交流。因此，本课程旨在对学生进行系统、严格、全面的听力训练，培养学生较强的听力理解能力，发展学生的听力技巧，提高实际运用语言的能力，帮助学生打下扎实的语言基本功底，培养学生的快速反应、准确辨别、分析推理、归纳总结能力，为培养学生的英语交际能力和今后从事英语教学或与英语有关的工作奠定良好的基础。二、说教材 本门课程所用教材为高等教育出版社出版的《英语听力教程2》(Listen this way)，其为面向21世纪课程教材(普通高等教育“九五”国家级重点教材)，适用于本专科一年级下学期。在此之前，学生们已经学习了《英语听力教程1》(Listen this way)，这为本册的学习起到了一定的铺垫作用，学生也已掌握了一定的听力技巧。此册以单项技能训练为主，配有一定量的综合训练，内容丰富，题材围绕家庭，教育，工作等方面，贴近实际，由近及远，循序渐进，涉及面较宽，为全面提高学生的英语听力水平起到了一定的促进作用。 我要说课的是第一单元Under the Same Roof，在同一屋檐下。由于学生刚过完寒假从家返校，内心多多少少还会有对家的依恋，本单元所讲述的家庭方面的词汇，表达方式及不同人对于爱情，婚姻及家庭生活的观点在一定程度上正好可以引起其共鸣，激发其学习热情，为以后将要学习的教育，选择与机遇等单元做铺垫。 三、说教学目标，重难点 大一学生经过半年的听力训练，已掌握了一定的听力技巧，能听懂一些简单的文章，但对于一些细节的把握上还不够准确，瞬间记忆能力较差。因此，根据本单元的结构和内容，结合一年级学生的认知结构及其心理特征，我制定了以下教学目标：
轮机英语听力会话评估教材分析与教学策略 发表时间：2018-01-17T11:16:54.007Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2018年1月总第252期作者：林红[导读] 对第四版轮机英语听力与会话教材和教学策略进行分析。以评估规范为突破口，分析学生现存问题，探讨更好地引导教学与复习的有效方法，进而学以致用，扎实提高课堂教学质量，实现轮机英语听力与会话教学整体持续提升。林红青岛远洋船员职业学院外语系山东青岛266000 摘要：本文根据中国海事局颁布的《海船船员适任评估大纲》，对第四版轮机英语听力与会话教材和教学策略进行分析。以评估规范为突破口，分析学生现存问题，探讨更好地引导教学与复习的有效方法，进而学以致用，扎实提高课堂教学质量，实现轮机英语听力与会话教学整体持续提升。 关键词：轮机英语听力与会话教材教学策略为提高轮机英语教学质量，提高学生的轮机英语听说能力，根据中国海事局颁布的《海船船员适任评估大纲》，作为二三管轮，他们应当具备必要的会话能力。因此，合理分析教材，实施有效的会话教学是达到评估大纲的基本。 一、评估规范考查内容 综观第三版与第四版的轮机英语听力与会话的总体特征，大家不难看出主导方向不变，题型没有改变，适任评估规范没有变动，试题范围稍有变化，试题主要对学生的考查体现在关注知识理解和应用基础上，重点关注轮机英语的听说能力。对教师而言，考查“过程与方法”教学，实现有效地引领教学方向的作用。适任评估内容主要包括：公共英语、机舱日常业务、与驾驶台联系、应急情况下的用语、对外业务联系用语、PSC/ISM检查用语六章65个节点的考查内容。 二、教材考查分析 中国海事服务中心组织编审的第四版轮机英语听力与会话，围绕着《海船船员适任评估大纲》设计，细化了每一章节考题，具体表现为将每一章节由一部分的听力训练改为听说训练，划分为客观题题源训练和主观题题源训练两部分。其中轮机英语听力与会话适任评估教材由第三版的2043题变为第四版2120题，第四版轮机英语听力与会话共增加了206题，具体表现为单句减少了46题，对话增加了210题，短文增加了176题。根据第四版轮机英语听力与会话可以看出，除了PSC/ISM检查的短文保持32篇不变之外，其余各章节均有不同程度的增减，公共英语减少题数为84题，除去第三版词汇图片题129题，第一章公共英语部分统计为单句减少2题，对话增加31题，短文增加16篇。机舱日常业务增加题数为最多，共计153，其中单句减少21题，对话增加94题，短文增加80篇。与驾驶台联系题数增加为46题，其中单句减少5题，对话增加23题，短文增加28篇。应急情况下用语增加19题，其中单句增加4题，对话增加35题，短文减少12篇。对外业务联系增加77题，其中单句增加5题，对话增加40题，短文增加32篇。PSC/ISM检查减少32题，其中单句减少19题，对话减少13题，短文维持不变。 三、目前教学存在问题 客观分析，一是试题图中信息含量增加。学生的听辨和思维能力跟不上，导致学情达不到考题高度。二是听力评估中的语速保持不一致，增加的新题语速偏快。在一定程度上，增加了学生的辨音难度。综合上述分析，我们轮机英语听力与会话教学需要关注下列问题： 1.学生英语基础薄弱，词汇量少 听说是轮机工程学生进入远洋海上生活的必备技能。现如今学生由于词汇量有限，无法自行甄别可用于区分不同题目并方便辩识、记忆的关键词，对题目的理解与记忆形成了很大的障碍。从学生失分较多的题目看，学生听题不准确、对题干要求不注意，获取有效语言信息能力不足。 2.学生缺乏良好的学风，自我控制能力差 学生的自我约束力较差，有部分学生把主要精力放在休闲娱乐上，影响了正常的学习、生活。 四、轮机英语听力与会话教学策略 众所周知，轮机英语听力与会话适任评估主基调是固定试题，突出的是听力训练和口语表达为主。第四版的口语评估试题中，许多知识点反复考查，但试题承载考查的方法都是变化的应用，既有形式上的创新，也有本质上的突破。那么，面对英语听力与口语评估，我们应该如何实施教学策略？我认为可以从两个方面展开： 1.确定内容。以课程理念内容为思维、方法和能力方面的指导，以大纲为教与学的标准，以轮机英语听力与会话为教学基础，按以下几个方面选择复习： （1）分析判断、概括归纳和说明原理：加工处理从图和有关资料中获取的各种信息，分析、比较、判断、归纳形成结论。 （2）应用的能力：能将书本知识、原理等运用到口语评估中，进行解释和解答的能力。在不同的模块中去迁移，以达到能够解决英语听说中的困难。 2.实施策略 （1）立足大纲，明确评估考试方向。《中华人民共和国海船船员适任评估规范》涉及课程内容的共有65条，对适任评估规范最好是逐条进行专题性落实。透彻适任评估规范，会使我们教学目标更精准，教学方法更合理，课堂更加和谐与高效。 （2）立足学情，整合教材和资源。我们应该根据学生的实际状况，对教材以及其他教学资源进行整合。 （3）有效讲练，提高综合素养。讲练是密不可分的两个部分。平时讲练是为了学生学会、理解。复习时讲练是为了学生应用和提升。这其间切实都渗透着学生综合素质的提升。有些教学内容不能都拓展，但是尽量做到讲后必练。我的有效方法是就原题讲，同时归纳相关试题。同时要引导学生拓展思维，学会方法迁移，引导学生由学习课本知识原理，转变为让知识在实践情境中的运用，而不是死记硬背教材原有知识以及原有知识的生搬硬套。
一 1.What does“abandon vessel”mean? To evacuate crew and passengers from a vessel following distress. 2.What does “foul anchor”mean? Anchor is crossing. 3.What does “dredging of an anchor”mean? Refers to the movment of an anchor along the sea bottom with the ship under control 4.What does “underway”mean? The vessel has speed to de water 5.What does “dragging of an anchor”mean? Refers to the anchor is moving over the sea bottom involuntarily 6.What do you report when the anchor has been heaved out of the ground and is clear of it? Anchor is a weigh. 7.Can you list some orders are included in Standard Ship Orders? They are the helm orders, anchor orders, mooring and unmooring orders, and the e ngine orders. 8.If you are ordered “port five”,how to reply and report? Port five. Wheel port five. 9.If you are ordered “Steady”,how to reply and report? Steady.course 125.
《大学英语听力》课程标准 英文名称：English Listening 课程编号： 适用专业：学前英语教育学分数： 2 一、课程性质 大学英语听力是学前英语教育专业设置的一门重要的专业必修课程。英语听力教学是以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容，以外语教学理论为指导并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系。该课程通过对学生进行听力技能的训练，提高学生的听力理解水平和对语言运用的分析理解能力。 二、课程理念 （一）课程所属学科分析 英语听力课程是英语专业的一门专业基础及必修课程，是听、说、读、写、译五大基本语言技能之一。听力课是为了训练学生的技能而开设的，属于语言输入方面的技能训练课程。在英语专业培养计划中，基础听力课安排主要是训练听力基本技能，为学生听说交际能力的培养打下基础。 （二）课程授课对象分析 由于长期应试教育观念与传统教学方法的影响,听力和口语能力极为薄弱，一方面听不懂，另一方面不敢讲、讲不出、讲出来别人也听不懂，根本无法进行有效的交流。此外学生英语基础普遍较差，没有掌握学习方法，不能进行自主学习。 （三）课程内容选择分析 《全新版大学英语听说教程》结合真实、典型和实用的听力材料，对学生进行各种听力技能的系统训练，培养学生的快速反应、准确辨别、分析推理、归纳总结、信息处理及记录和记忆等听力理解能力，为培养学生全面的英语交际能力奠定良好的听力基础；结合听力教材内容，展开口语练习，逐步培养和提高学生用英语进行口头交际的能力，让学生了解英美等国家的文化背景和生活习俗。 （四）课程学习要求的分析 使学生掌握一定的听力技巧和方法，培养学生提高听力水平的能力，引导学生辨听易混淆的音素、单词、结构，选择关键词句，归纳大意，推测内容，释意复述，短时记忆，听写技能，掌握新闻要点。在教学过程坚持精听与泛听相结合，课内听与课外听相结合，循序渐进，使学生能基本听懂英语的授课和演讲，英语国家或中央台的英语新闻节目。 （五）课程考核目标和方法分析 本课程考核包括两部分：形成性考核和课程终结考试。课程总成绩采用百分制，形成性考核占20%，课程终结考试占80%。形成性考核参照省校有关“英语听力（4）形成性考核内容要求”。终结性考核实行统一命题考试，考试内容是在限定时间内就规定的听力材料进行测试，其目的在于检查学生的听力理解能力和听力技巧，形式为闭卷。 三、课程目标 （一）课程总目标 2000年，教育部颁布《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》，对高职高专教育英语课程研究在培养学生英语语言应用能力方面作了进一步重要指导。《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》指出，"加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进行交际的能力"是高职高专英语课程的教学要求，教学中要特别注意"不仅应打好语言基础，更要注重培养实际使用语言的技能"，"要特别注意加强听说技能的培养"。目前我校英
航海英语听力与会话
1.Can you list at least three mooring lines? Yes .They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line. 你能列举集中缆绳吗？头缆，横缆，倒缆和尾缆 2.What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board? The pilot ladder, a heaving line and a life buoy. 在引航员上船前要准备些什么？引航梯，吊绳和救生圈。 3.How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival? Through VHF. 在到港前船舶如何与港口取得联系？通过甚高频。 4.What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station? The ship’s present position, ETA at pilot station or anchorage. 什么信息需要报告给引航站？船舶的当前位置，预计到达引航站或者锚地的时间。 5.What should be confirmed from the pilot station? Pilot’s boarding time and place, the ship’s side where the pilot ladder will be put. 什么信息需要引航站确认？引航员的登船时间，地点和安放引航梯的船舷。 6.When the vessel enters the VTS area, what I srequested to report? Ship’s name and call sign, present course and speed, ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point that the vessel is passing. 在船舶进入交管区时，需要报告些什么？船名，呼号，当前的航向和速度，预计到达引航站的时间，船舶正通过的报告点。 7.If you are ordered: “stand by both engines!” , how should you reply and report? I should repeat “stand by both engines”, then report “both engines stand by”. 如果你被命令“备双车”，你该怎么复诵和报告？我会复诵“备双车”，报告“双车备好”。 8.Can you list 3 canals in the world? Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 列举三大运河？苏伊士运河，巴拿马运河和基尔运河。 9.When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say? Stand by on VHF channel 16.