北京大学——英语2002 年博士研究生入学考试试题
北京大学2002 年博士研究生入学考试试题
Part One: Structure and Written Expression
Direction: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
1 .The doctor's ____ is that she'll soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.
A. agnosticism
B. anticipation
C. diagnosis
D. prognosis
2. It is ____ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of m his hearing will remain forever unspoken.
A. uncommunicatively
B. acceptably
C. tacitly
D. taciturnly
3. ____ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.
A. A compliment
B. An adulatory
C. Flattery
D. Praise
4. Leaving for work m plenty of time to catch the train will ___worry about being late.
A. rule off
B. prevent
C. avoid
D. obviate
5. Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _____ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.
A. vociferously
B. patriotically
C. verbosely
D. loquaciously
6. People suffering from ____prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken m large public buildings and open fields.
A, acrophobia B. agoraphobia C. claustrophobia D. xenophobia
7. All normal human beings are ____ at least to a degree --they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging in group activities.
A. segregated
B. congregational C, gregarious D. egregious
8. He is ___ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.
A. an inveterate
B. an incorrigible
C. a chronic
D. an unconscionable
9. We listened dumb-struck, full of_____, to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex-president of the compare.
A. incredality
B. ingenuity
C. ingenuousness
D. incredibility
10. Too much ___ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.
A. retrospect
B. retrospection
C. perspicacity
D. perspicuity
11 .Hydrocarbons, ___ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form complex toxic gases.
A. are given off
B. give off
C. they are given off
D. given off
12. He could hardly _____his temper when he saw the state of his office.
A. hold in
B. hold up
C. hold off
D. hold out
13.The statesman was evidently ____by the journalist's questions and glared at him for a few seconds.
A. put down
B. put out
C. put across
D. put away
14. ____ , it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.
A, As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium produces
B. Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesium
C. The brilliant white light of burning magnesium
D. Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light
15.____ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?
A. Were you used
B. Are you used
C. Did you use
D. Do you used
16.I would have gone to the lecture with you ____ I was so busy.
A. except that
B. provided that
C. but that
D. only that
17.The detective watched and saw the suspect _____ a hotel at the comer of the street.
A. getting off the taxi and walking into
B. got off the taxi and walked into
C. get off the taxi and walk into
D. got off the taxi to walk into
18. The child is ____ all the evidence for his opinion.
A. not encouraged either to be critical or to examine
B. encouraged either to be critical nor to examine
C. either encouraged to be critical or to examine
D. neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine
19. To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children __ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.
A. would have been expected to have considered
B. were expected to consider
C. will be expected to have been considered
D. were expected to have considered
20. Whenever work is being done, energy___ from one form into another.
A. converts
B. converted
C. is converted
D. is being converted
Part Two : Reading Comprehension
I. Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Pat your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
Passage One
The Aerospace Bicycle That Fell to Earth
( 1 ) A radical new bicycle had its first public showing at the National British Cycling Championships in Shrewsbury last weekend. Based on the gold medal-winning design from the Barcelona Olympics, it is the first commercial mountain bike made of a single piece of carbon fibre.
(2) Bicycles for amateurs have up to now nom made of steel aluminium or magnesium tubes welded together into the conventional "A-flame" shape. But last year, the British competitor Chris Boardman set world records while winning titles in the Olympic cycling pursuit events on a custom-built ,carbon-fibre bicycle with lower weight and wind resistance than standard models .Because carbon fibre is both light and extremely strong, it does not need the A-frame shape, saving further weight. Carbon fibre can also be moulded in a single piece, avoiding the weakness of welds.
(3) ,The new bike, which will cost between $2000 and $3000 when it reaches the shops next month, has the same advantages as the Olympic model. It weighs about 11 kilograms, a saving of 1.5 kilograms on metal frames .With no crossbar, it has a lower centre of gravity, making it easier to use in race conditions. "When you're doing some aggressive riding, you throw the bike about form side to side," explains Eddie Eccleston,, director of British Eagle, a British bicycle manufacturer based in Powys, Wales, which is marketing the bikes. "The low centre of gravity gives you better control."
(4) The frames are being made in the US for British Eagle by SP
systems in Camarillo, California, which has clients in the aerospace
industry. "This is aerospace technology brought into cycling by
enthusiasts," says Eccleston. When professionals tested racing versions
of the bike before the Tour de France, they were quicker than metal
versions by up to 3 seconds per kilometre.
(5) The new design has no struts between the saddle and the back
wheel; instead, the frame's flexibility can be "tuned" to individual tastes
by changing the mixture of Kevlar fibre and carbon fibre in the back
wheel strut , allowing up to 5 centimetres of movement.
(6) The carbon-fibre design has a lower centre of gravity and
smoother back-wheel suspension than conventional bikes.
2l. The new bicycle exhibited at the National British Cycling Championships was radical because_____
A. it was made from the gold medal-winning design of the Barcelona Olympics
B. it was the fast commercial mountain bike
C. its public showing last weekend aroused many people's curiosity
D. it was made of one single piece of carbon fibre
22. According to the context, "bicycles for amateurs" at the beginning of the second paragraph refers to bicycles_____
A. that people buy only for riding in their daily life
B that are bought by amateur cyclists who like cycling as an exercise
C. that are built for customers in general
D. that non-Olympic competitors use
23. Which of the following statements is Not true ?
A The new commercial bike has no crossbar and its centre of gravity
is lower than the Olympic model.
B. When the rider is doing some rough riding, the new bike's low cetnre of gravity gives him better control.
C. The new bike is made by using aerospace technology and is quicker than the conventional bike by 3 seconds per kilometre.
D. The new bike has no metal bar between the saddle and the back wheel, and the amount of carbon fibre used in the back wheel can
be changed according to the user's taste.
Passage Two
Free Advice Is Just Around the Corner
(1) When Daniel Franklin, a political science professor from Atlanta, needed career advancement advice, he didn't turn to colleagues, therapists or even his mom.
(2) He went to the Advice Ladies.
(3) Three thirty something New York women, advertising freelancers by day, have turned themselves into Saturday afternoon street-comer oracles, they pull up lawn chairs and a table on a lower Manhattan street comer and dish out free advice to passersby. They've claimed the comer of West Broadway and Broome Street in Soho as their own for the last several months.
(4) Amy Alkon, who, with longtime friends Marlowe Minnick and
Carolyn Johnson, becomes a part-time shrink each weekend. "We use creative problem-solving to turn problem into fun," she says.
(5) On a recent steamy afternoon, a line has formed in front of the Advice Ladies' table. Obviously, New Yorkers need plenty of help. "People feel they have no control in this crazy world. And therapy can take years," Minnick says. "We solve problems instantly, it's instant answer gratification'
(6) The three brainstorm before delivering advice on everything from
pet discipline, closet-space management, even hair care. But no legal advice. "By far, most of our questions are love-related . It's amazing the intimate sexual problems that people will divulge to a total stranger," Alkon says.
(7) But they won't be strangers much longer. The Advice Ladies are putting together a book deal. And Robert De Niro is crewing a talk show around them, due nationally this fall from his Tribeca Picutres.
(8) "De Niro asked us for advice, but we think he's already perfect," purrs Alkon.
(9) And their career advice to Franklin? "He's written a book, so we
told him to get a manager and go on the touring circuit. It's great money and great publicity for the book"
(10) "Good advice," says Franklin.
24. There were_____
A. about 30 New York women who offered free advice by day
B. three women freelancers about 30 years old who offered advertising advice on Saturday
C. about 30 women advertising freelancers offered advice every Saturday afternoon in New york
D. three women about 30 years old, who did advertising as a job, offered free advice every Saturday afternoon
25. These advisors____
A changed the New York street comers into oracles
B. used the New York street comers as their advice office
C. sat at a street comer to give people free advice
D. made a street comer their place to predict the future to passersby
26. New Yorkers came to the Advice Ladies because____
A. the ladies' advice was quick and effective to solve problems
B. New Yorkers felt it was difficult to live in this crazy world
C Medical therapy could net solve people's problems
D. New York was a crazy place and its inhabitants need plenty of help
27. In the seventh paragraph we read that the Advice Ladies won't be strangers for long because____
A. they are dealing with a book together and a TV man is writing a
talk show about them
B. they are going to sell a book about themselves and also appear on
a TV show
C. they will buy a book through a deal and appear in a film in the coming fall season
D. they will get to know each other better by working on a book and appearing in a TV show together
Passage Three
The American Presidential Gala of 1993
(1) Mixing populism and celebrity, Clinton dances into office with a
week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs.
(2) The Party was held m a way never seen since World War II. Many movie and music stars showed up, offering their wishes to a new administration. They sang songs like "You know, Bill's gonna get this Country straight" '93! You and me! U-ni-tee!/Time to partee with Big Bill and Hillaree."
(3) The stars came out in constellation because they recognized in
Clinton one of their own. Not just that he plays the saxophone, a little. Or that Hillary is a smart, tough lawyer, like most Hollywood moguls. What matters is that Clinton is a beacon of middle-class charm, a lover of being loved, a believer in the importance of image, metaphor, style. And he is an ace manipulator of media, selling his symbols directly to the people on TV, without the interference of nosy journalists. It all makes far a wondrous '90s blend of show biz and politic.
(4) "This is our time," Clinton said in his Inaugural Address." Let us embrace it." Last week he had an embrace for everyone, and not just the stars. This huggy-bear President needs to feel the public's approval.
(5) At one of the balls of the week, Clinton was like the college
student who drops in the night before the exam to show he's one of the guys, then sneaks back to his dorm to cram. Perhaps there is as much Nixon in him (the ambition, the intellect) as Kennedy (the charm, the recklessness, his position as centrist custodian of liberal dreams). He will need to be the best of both men if he is to close, as he said last week, "the gap between our words and our deeds."
(6) During the gala, actor Edward James Olmos quoted Lincoln: "We
must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our courntry." Clinton, a good student with a good memory, mouthed the words as Olmos spoke them. Clinton must have realized that, in a different sense and different era, America faces the task of disenthralling itself, of shaking off the Hollywood stardust and facing facts.
(7) In 1992 Clinton vended optimism; now he must be careful in
saying so. He sold the nation a miracle product, ALL-NEW HOPE: it gives you cleaner, cheaper government with a fresh minty flavor. But if it
doesn't get the stains out, the electorate's high hopes could sour into despair. Then the man called Hope will become the man called Hype. All the big stars and better angels will leave him out in the spotlight, stranded, unmasked.
28. The meaning of "Clinton dances into his office, with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs" in the first paragraph is:
A. Clinton held a party and danced with film stars and musicians, and hugged his guests
B. Clinton went into his office followed by rich film stars and musicians who wanted to be hugged by the president
C. Clinton started his term of president's work with a week-long gala of celebrities and music to celebrate the event
D. Clinton spent a great deal of money to give a party of dance and
music to please the film stars and important people
29. By saying "Bill's gonna get this Country straight", the party attendants believe that____
A. Money bills are important in getting things done for the United
States
B. The president has got to do a wonderful job to save America
C. Clinton will change the United States to a free country
D. Clinton is going to solve the problems of the United States
30. Which of the following statements is True?
A. At one of the balls, Clinton appeared shortly and then left in a quiet way to do his work.
B. Clinton was certainly a combination of both Nixon and Kennedy.
C. Clinton said at the Party that he was going to close his mouth and work harder.
D. When Olmos quoted Lincoln, Clinton repeated the words as Olmos spoke them.
II. Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered an d underlined parts . (15%)
Medical consumerism--like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly--is designed to be unsatisfying. (31) The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty. youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating, The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy.
(32)grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and polities turn mean.
What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future tamed into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources--not least medical ones, like illegal steroids--are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism--the "abolition" of death--would net be a solution but only an exacerbation. (33) To air these predicaments is not anti-medical
spleen--a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories--but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but with
dissolving goals,
(34) Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas
For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic, From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to mintage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are
dissolving m disorientation, (35) Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as
it extends its capacities.
Part Three: Cloze Test
Direction: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
For______(36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain ______(37): a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the retable consequences of war stopped ______ (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as a feat
_______ (39) to be repeated.
There will never be ____ (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have __(41), Ali-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out _____ (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup' of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put tens of millions of American lives at _____ (43). And the possible benefits for the allies would be uncertain at best
European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for 'Dusseldorf.” In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth ____ (44) American cities to avenge a Europe already _____ (45) to rubble.
Part Four: Proofreading
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether l0 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part. of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. lf you change a word, cross it out with a slash(\) and write the correct word. lf you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in bracket3) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\), Put your ,answers in the
ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
Examples:
eg. 1 (46) The meeting begun 2 hours ago
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (46) begun began
eg.2 (47) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (47) (Scarcely) had (they)
eg. 3 (48) Never will I not do it again.
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (48) not
(46) A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer because, the authorities say, he pulled over
a speeding driver here last month. (47) Using flashing headlights,
Richard L. Judd, 64, the president of Central Connecticut State University. made the driver, Peter Baba 24. of Plainville. pull on Jan, 23. the state police said. (48) He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said.
(49) Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989
and from I993 to 1995. (50) But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals. (51) The gold badge was mere a university award. (52) The governor said he
would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.
(53) Later, Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. Mcouillan, issued a long apology
from his superior, whom he described as "the best thing to happen to
New Britain." (54) "My experience and instinct as an E.M.T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter," Mr. Judd said in the statement. (55) "In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage."
Part Five: Writing
Direction: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic
given below: (15%)
Topic: Write m 250-300 words about China’s auto industry.
北京大学2003 年博士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：英语考试时间：2003 年3 月
Part One Structure and Written Expression
Direction: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your
choice in the ANSWER SHEET.（20%）
1. Recognizing the shortage of time available to spend with their children, working mothers sometimes take ______ in the concept of “quality time”.
A. refuge
B. pride
C. place
D. action
2. The term “New Australians” came into vogue in the 50s and 60s, which implied tha t the goal of immigration was assimilation and that migrants would place their new-found Australian identity ahead of the _______ context from which they had come.
A. athletic
B. ethic
C. aesthetic
D. ethnic
3. Scholarships are too few to _______ the high-school graduates who deserve a college education.
A. meet
B. accommodate
C. compromise
D. adopt
4. The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to _______ students?enthusiasm in learning English.
A. hold back
B. hold off
C. hold down
D. adopt
5. The robber tried to _______the stolen goods from the house he had broken into, but was caught by the guards.
A. make away with
B. make off for
C. get out
D. get through
6. The editors said they must report to the world how Beijing has _______ pollution and improved the quality of the environment.
A. cut up
B. cut off
C. cut down
D. cut out
7. If drug abuse, prostitution, pollution, environmental decay, social inequality, and the like
_______, more is required than an increased police presence or a fresh coat of paint.
A. are to eliminate
B. are eliminated
C. are to be eliminated
D. are being eliminated
8. This toothed whale has a large, square head with _______ the so-called spermaceti.
A. cavity to contain
B. cavity containing
C. the cavity for containing
D. a cavity that contains
9. _______, the market will have to overcome some of the highest hurdles it?s seen in a long time.
A. But to happen in that order
B. But for that in order to happen
C. But in order that to happen
D. But in order for that to happen
10. With its anti-terrorism campaign taking _______ over anything else, the government is extending its job and running in more affairs.
A. superiority
B. priority
C. majority
D. polarity
11. The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income had increased_______, and is continuing to increase.
A. substantially
B. successfully
C. succinctly
D. sufficiently
12. China?s economic reform is aimed at separating enterprises from the government. It has been implemented for almost 20 years, but breakthroughs _______.
A. have been made yet
B. have yet to make
C. have yet to be made
D. to have yet made
13. Several trial efforts in the 1980s proved that it was financially _______ to restore old buildings.
A. feasible
B. probable
C. beneficiary
D. passable
14. Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problem, _______ bigger ones in cities plagued with crime, drugs, and immorality.
A. have only found
B. only finding
C. only found
D. only to find
15. If the struggle for a sustainable society _______, we must have some vision of what we are aiming for.
A. is to succeed
B. has succeeded
C. succeeds
D. succeeded
16. A trap _______ disguise is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse, from the ancient story of the gift of the wooden horse from the Greeks.
A. offered as a gift in
B. offers a gift in
C. offering a gift to
D. offered a gift of
17. Telecommuting is a new form of work _______ to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.
A. that affording those unable previously
B. affords those who were previously unable
C. affording those previously unable
D. afforded those previously unable
18. ______ the passage of light, many new plastics are processed using technologies rivaling those used in the manufacture of computer chips.
A. For the better of
B. Permitting better
C. To better permit
D. It is better for
19. The Flower Market in San Francisco is ______, and it was established in the 1930?s.
A. home of the second largest flower market in the country
B. home to the country?s second largest flower market
C. the second flower market in the country?s home
D. the home to the second country?s large flower market
20. The loyalty of dogs to their masters has earned _____ “man?s best friend.”
A. the nickname of
B. them the nickname
C. a nickname
D. nicknames
Part Two Reading Comprehension
Ⅰ. Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer
to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. （10%）
Passage One
（1）Gerald Feinberg, the Columbia University physicist, once went so far as to declare that “everything possible will eventually be accomplished.” We ll, that of course left only the impossible as the one thing remaining for daring intellectual adventurers to whittle away at. Feinberg, for one, thought that “they?d succeed even there.”
（2）It was a point worth considering. How many times in the past had certain things been said
to be impossible, only to have it turn out shortly thereafter that the item in question had already been done or soon would be. What greater cliché was there in the history of science than the comic litany of false it-couldn?t-be-dones; the infamous case of Auguste Comte saying in 1844 that it would never be known what the stars were made of, followed in a few years by the spectroscope being applied to starlight to reveal the stars? chemical composition; or the case of Lord Rutherfo rd, the man who discovered the structure of the atom, saying in 1933 that dreams of controlled nuclear fission were “moonshine.” And those weren?t even the worst examples. No, the huffiest of all it-couldn?t-be-done claims centered on the notion that human beings could actually fly, either at all, or across long distance, or to the moon, the stars, or wherever else.
（3）There had been so many embarrassments of this type that about mid-century Arthur C. Clarke came out with a guideline for avoiding them, which he termed Clarke?s Law: “When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.”
（4）Still, one had to admit there were lots of things left that were really and truly impossible, even if it took some ingenuity in coming up with a proper list o f examples. Such as: “A camel cannot pass through the eye of a needle.”（Well, unless of course it was a very large needle.）Or: “It is impossible for a door to be simultaneously open and closed.”（Well, unless of course it was a revolving door.）
（5）Indeed, watertight examples of the really and truly impossible were so exceptionally hard
to come by that paradigm cases turned out to be either trivial or absurd. “I know I will never play the piano like Vladimir Horowitz,” offered Milton Rothman, a physicist,“no matter how hard I try.”Or, from Scott Lankford, a mountaineer; “Everest on roller skates.”
21. The false it-couldn?t-be-dones in science are comic because ______ .
A. they are clichés, repeated too often by scientists
B. they are almost always proved to be wrong by later scientific research
C. they are mocked at by later generations
D. they provide material for good comedies
22. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The author uses the case of a camel passing through the eye of a needle to prove his point
that there are things impossible to accomplish.
B. That a scientist cannot play the piano like one of the best pianists is not a proper illustration
to prove that in science there are things impossible to accomplish.
C. Scott Lankford challenges the idea that mountaineers can never climb the Everest on roller skates.
D. People now laugh at their predecessors for denying the possibility of human flight.
23. Through this passage, the author wants to ______.
A. show us that scientists in the past years have made a lot of misjudgments
B. praise those scientists who dared to challenge the impossible
C. emphasize the great potential of the scientific research made by human beings
D. analyze what is possible and what is impossible through scientific efforts
Passage Two
（1）Since the lineage of investigative journalism is most directly traceable to the progressive era of the early 1900?s, it is not surprising that the President of the United States at the time was among the first to articulate its political dimensions. Theodore Roosevelt called investigative reporters “muckrakers, ” after a character from John Bunyan?s Pilgrim’s Progress who humbly cleaned “the filth off the floor.” Despite the misgivings implied by the comparison, Roosevelt saw the muckrakers a s “often indispensable to the well-being of society”.
（2）There are in the body politic, economic and social, many and grave evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them. There should be relentless exposure of and attack upon every evil man, whether politician or businessman.
（ 3 ）Roosevelt recognized the value-laden character of investigative journalism. He perceived correctly that investigative reporters are committed to unearthing wrongdoing. For these journalists, disclosures of morally outrageous conduct maximize the opportunity for the forces of “good” to recognize and do battle with the forces of “evil.”
（4）So, the current folklore surrounding investigative reporting closely resembles the American ideal of popular democracy. Partly a product of its muckraking roots, this idealized perspective is also an outgrowth of the commonly perceived effects of exposés published in the early 1970?s. The most celebrated of these exposés were the news stories that linked top White House officials to Watergate crimes. These stories were widely held responsible for the public?s loss of confidence in the Nixon administratio n, ultimately forcing the President?s resignation. 24. When the author talks about the political dimensions of the investigative journalism he refers to __________.
A. John Bunyan?s Pilgrim’s Progress and one of its characters “Muckrakers”
B. its function of cleaning the dirt off the floor in public places
C. its relentless exposures of political and social evils
D. its indispensable status to the well-being of society
25. Roosevelt?s comparison of investigative reporters to“muckrakers”shows his view that these reporters ______.
A. were treated lowly in the society
B. reduced journalism to a humble job
C. should be praised highly for their contributions to the society
D. did unpleasant but necessary work
26. By using the word “folklore”, the author suggests that ______.
A. people tend to romanticize what is thought to be American popular democracy
B. investigative journalism enhances democracy and freedom
C. people often circulate the stories they read from investigative reports
D. investigative reports have difficulty in convincing people as truth
27. The Watergate incident is mentioned to show ______.
A. journalism has a tangible effect on politics
B. the Watergate incident is an abuse of the political power
C. journalism subverts legitimate political power
D. the victory of American freedom of speech
Passage Three
（1）Viewed from a star in some other corner of the galaxy, Earth would be a speck, a faint blue dot hidden in the blazing light of our sun. While our neighbors Venus and Mars would reflect
a fairly even glow, Earth would put on a little show. Earth?s light would brighten and dim as
it spins, because oceans, deserts, forests and clouds－which are all too small to be seen from such a distance－reflect varying amounts of sunlight. The variations, it turns out, are so strong and distinctive that surprising amount of information could be taken from a simple ebb and flow of light. Scientists at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study conducted a detailed study of Earth?s reflections as a way for human scientists to learn about distant planets that may be like our own.
（2）“If you looked at our solar system from far away, and you looked at the terrestrial planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—one of the quickest ways to see that Earth is unique is by looking at the light curve,” said Ed Turner, professor of astrophysics and a co-author of the study. “Earth has by far the most complicated light curve,” The standard thinking in the field had been that most of the information about an Earth-like planet would come from spectral analysis, a static reading of the relative component of different colors within the light, rather than a reading of changes over time. Spectral analysis would reveal the presence of gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen, in the planet?s atmosphere. Looking at the change in light over time does not replace spectral analysis, but it could greatly increase the amount of information scientists could learn, said Turner. It may indicate, for example, the presence of weather, oceans, ice or even plant life.
28. “Earth would put on a little show” means: as it spins, __________.
A. Earth is a more active planet than Venus and Mars
B. Earth reflects a brighter light curve than Venus and Mars
C. Earth shows oceans, deserts, forests and clouds, while Venus and Mars don?t
D. Earth reflects sunlight in an ebb-and-flow manner
29. Spectral reading of the light reflected by an Earth-like planet _________.
A. can tell us the components of that planet?s atmosphere
B. can locate oceans and forests on that planet
C. can show what the weather on that planet is like
D. is the quickest way to study its light curve
30. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Scientists at the Princeton University want to find that distant planets are like our Earth.
B. Among all the terrestrial planets Earth?s light curve is th e most complicated.
C. Spectral study of the light will see no development of itself because it is static.
D. Spectral reading is used as a supplementary method to the study of the change in light over time.
Ⅱ. Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.
（31）A couple of months ago, Singaporean officials unintentionally made cinematic history. They slapped an NC-17 rating on a film—which means children under 17 cannot see it—not because of sex or violence of profanity, but because of bad grammar. Despite its apparently naughty title, Talking Cock, the movie is actually an innocuous comedy comprising four skits
about the lives of ordinary Singaporeans. The censors also banned a 15-second TV spot
promoting the flick.（32）All this is because of what the authorities deemed “excessive use of Singlish.”
（33）Given the tough crackdown, you would expect Singlish to be a harmful substance that
might corrupt our youth, like heroin or pornography. But it?s one of Singapore?s bes t-loved quirks, used daily by everyone from cabbies to CEOs（. 34）Singlish is simply Singaporean slang, whereby English follows Chinese grammar and is liberally sprinkled with words from the local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects.
I like to talk cock, and I like to speak Singlish. It?s inventive, witty and colorful.（35）Singlish
is especially fashionable these days among the younger generation, in part because it gives uptight Singapore a chance to laugh—at itself. But the government is not amused. It doesn?t like Singlish because it thinks it is bad language and bad for Singapore?s image as a commercial and financial center.
Part Three: Cloze Test
Direction: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET.（10%）
It is a dream world, where chemists can turn a sow?s ear into a silk purse, where bioengineers
can put a little bit of a sheep into a wolf—or vice versa—and where the life-styles of the rich are beamed by satellite _____（36）every upwardly mobile village on the planet. Thanks to science and technology, more people are consuming a more amazing array of worldly goods than at any time
in history.
But beneath the surface all is not well. Like Oscar Wilde?s fictional creation Dorian Gray,
who stayed forever ______（37）while a portrait of him in the attic aged horribly, the modern economy masks a disfigured planet. The engine of consumption has scarred the land and stained
the sea,_____（38）away at the foundations of nature and threatening to destroy humanity?s only
m eans of survival. Today?s elderly, born at the beginning of last century, started life in a world
______（39）about 50% of its ancient forests still standing. Though far from pristine, it was a world of oceans and land masses teeming with all kinds of life. But those who will be born after
the turn of the millennium will _____（40）of age to find that previous generations have squandered and defiled their inheritance, foreclosing some potions even as new ones were created. Our grandchildren may have _____（41）to conveniences that further reduce the drudgery of everyday life, but they will also inherit a planet with less than 20% of its original forests ______ （42）, with most of the readily available freshwater already spoken for and much of the arable
______（43）under plough. They will inherit a stressed atmosphere and an unwanted legacy of toxic waste in the soil and water. Missing from the estate will be countless species, most _____ （44）out before even _____（45）catalogued by scientist.
Part Four Proofreading
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a
word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, write the missing word with a slash（\）and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word
with a slash（\）and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words（in brackets）immediately before and after it. If you delete a
word, cross it out with a slash（\）. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.
（10%）
eg. 1.（46）The meeting begun 2 hours ago.
Correction in the ANSWET SHEET: （46）begun began
eg.2. （47）Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET:（47）（Scarcely）had （they）
eg.3. （48）Never will I not do it again.
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET:（48）not
（46）Clonaid, a company associated by a group that believes extraterrestrials created
mankind, announced Friday that it had produced the first clone of a human being. According to the spokeswoman, it is a baby girl who appears to have been born healthy.
（47）As we know, cattle, mice, sheep and other animals have been cloned in the past years
with mixing success.（48）All cloned animals have displayed defects later in life.（49）Scientists fear same could happen with cloned humans.（50）The company Clonaid is viewed skeptical by
most scientists, who doubt the group?s technical ability to clone a human being.（51）But the
Clona id spokeswoman said an dependent expert was going to confirm the baby?s clone status
through DNA testing.
（52）Clonaid is lead by Brigitte Boisselier, a former deputy director of research at the Air
Liquide Group, a French producer of industrial and medical gases.（53）Clonaid is also linked to a sect called the Raelians, whose founder, Claude Vorihon, describes himself for a prophet and calls himself Rael. （54）The group believes cloning could extend human life for hundred of years. In fact, Clonaid has been racing the Italian fertility doctor Severion Antinori to produce the first
cloned baby.（55）Antinori said in last month he expected one of his patients to give birth to a
cloned baby in January.
Part Five: Writing
Direction: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. （15%）
Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet
北京大学2003 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题详解
Part One Structure and Written Expression
1. A take refuge in 求助于…；take pride in 以…为傲；take place in 在（某处）发生；take action 采取行动。
2. D ethnic 人种的，种族的；athletic 运动的；ethic 道德规范，伦理；aesthetic 美学的，审
美的。
3.B 译文：奖学金太少了，不足以提供给那些本应该上大学的高中毕业生。accommodate
向…提供；meet 相遇，满足，作“满足”讲时，常用搭配meet the need of…；compromise
妥协，折衷；adopt 收养。
4.C hold back 阻止，抑制；hold off 拖延，不接近；hold down 压制；hold over 拖延，继任。
5.A 题意为：强盗试图带着他从闯入的屋子里偷到的东西逃走，但被保安抓住了。make away with 带…逃走；make off for 出发到（某地）；get out 逃脱，与句子后半部的“被保安
抓住”不符；get through 到达，通过。
6.C cut down 砍倒，削减；cut down pollution 减少污染；cut up 抨击，歼灭；cut off 切断，
断绝；cut out 切掉，取代。
7.C 句意：如果要消除吸毒、卖淫、污染、环境恶化、社会不平等现象等诸如此类的问题，
仅仅依靠增加警力是不够的，还需要作更多的工作。首先，可以判断，句子说的是将
来时态，据此排除B 和D；再分析主动和被动，显然这些问题不可能自行消除，只
能选择被动语态。
8.D cavity 空穴，是可数名词。此句是一个定语从句。
9.D 横线部分要表达的意思：但是为了使之发生…，据此选D。
10.B take priority of/over 常用词组，比…优先。
11.A substantially 根本地，充分地；successfully 成功地；succinctly 简洁地，简便地；sufficiently 十分地。
12.C 排除法：首先，根据句意，显然是说尚未取得突破，排除A；根据主动和被动关系可
排除B、D 两项。
13.A feasible 可行的，行得通的；probable 可能的；beneficiary 受惠者，受益人；passable
可通过的。
14.D only to +动词原形在主干句之后表示“结果却…”，如本句中only to find 表示“结果
却发现…”。
15.D 本题根据时态进行选择。由have some vision of…可判断句中所说的还未成为现实。
16.A a trap offered as a gift in disguise 伪装成礼物的圈套。
17.C 译文：远程办公是一种新形式的工作，它使得那些以前没办法上班的人（比如有小孩
的父亲们）有机会在家里上班。主句是Telecommuting is a new form of work.后面可跟
分词短语表伴随，也可跟同位语从句补充说明a new form of work。本题选C，若用
从句形式，应为：that affords those who are previously unable….
18.C 此处是不定式做状语表示目的。better 应放于所修饰的动词之前。
19.B be home to… 是…的家；是…的前生，固定搭配。
20.B earn sb. sth. 为（某人）挣得/赢得（某物），本句中“man?s best friend”同步指称the nickname，中间不用介词。
Part Two Reading Comprehension
Passage One
21. B “The false it-couldn?t-be-dones in science are comic”意为：科学界那些曾被错误地认为
不可能实现的事情现在看来都很滑稽。（因为，它们后来都被实现了。）
22. B 根据文中的四段第一句话，判断选B。
23. C 本文针对科学史上“不可能事情”的不断实现，表明科学研究中存在巨大潜力。A
项是本文大意；C 项才是作者写本文的意图。
Passage Two
24. C 参见第二段第二句话。
25. D 原文：Roosevelt saw the muckrakers as “often indispensable to the well-being of society”.
意思是：Roosevelt 认为那些揭露丑闻的新闻记者对于社会的安宁来说通常也是必不
可少的。
26. A 根据文中第四段第一句“the current folklore …”可知A 为正确答案。
27. A 文中提到，新闻舆论对社会各个方面都有巨大影响，“水门事件”就是一个例子。
Passage Three
28. D 根据第一段第二句可知，正确答案为D。
29. A 第一段最后一句表明，通过Spectral reading 可以测得行星的大气成份，选A。
30. B 文中“Earth has by far the most complicated light curve”表明，地球的光变曲线是太阳系
中最复杂的。
II. Paraphrase
31. A few months ago, government officials of Singapore did something that was quite historic
in the movie industry without knowing i（t unconsciously）（. but they did not do it on purpose）unintentionally 无意地，非有意地；cinematic 电影的，影片的。
32. The reason why the Singaporean government didn?t allow children under 17 to watch the movie and banned the 15-second TV advertisement was that the government officials thought
that the movie used too much Singaporean English.
33. If you take the strict action against the movie into account, you would think that “Singlish”was something harmful like drugs or obscene materials that might lead young people astray. given the tough crackdown 考虑到这次严厉打击。
34. “Singlish” is just a slang English spoken in Singapore, in which Chinese grammar is applied and it is freely mixed here and there with words from the local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects. A be sprinkled with B 洒（某物B）于（某物A）的表面，这句话中指新加坡英
语里面夹杂了一些其他方言。
35. Singaporean English is especially popular nowadays among young people, partly because
the language gives worried, nervous and anxious Singaporeans a chance to make fun of themselves.
Part Three Cloze Test
36. to
37. young 注意while 后面的语义：然而从他的一幅画像上看来，他已经老得不像样了。根据这里的转折语气判断填young。
38. eating 使大地留下伤疤，污染了海洋，吃掉了大自然的基础，危及人类生存。
39.with
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2a11108645.html,e come of age 到法定年龄。
41.access have access to 接近，有通路。
42.intact
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2a11108645.html,nd 根据后面的under plough 判断这里应该填“land”。
44.dying die out 灭绝。
45.being before 引导伴随状语，而该状语是被动语态，因此填“being”。
Part Four proofreading
46.by with associate with 联合。
47.mixing mixed
48.All Some/Many
49.same the same the +形容词指具有相同特征（该形容词表示的含义）的一类人或事。
50.skeptioal skeptically 作副词，用副词形式。
51.dependent independent independent expert 独立专家。
52.lead led lead 的被动分词形式为led。
53.for as desc ribe sb./sth. as… 把（某人/某事）描述为…，常用词组。
54.hundred hundreds hundreds of years 几百年。
55.in
Part Five Writing
参考范文
The Development of the Internet
With its rapid development, the Internet is playing a vital role in today?s life. Nevertheless, it
is a double-edge sword that has both advantages and disadvantages.
The Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. It is an International
Database of information where you can find whatever is possible to be imagined. Personally, you can download a lot of helpful information and also many programs, games, other entertaining files Shopping online has also become a huge success and is considered a great advantage of the Internet. No matter what people are seeking for, it can be found on the Internet. Besides, the Internet ranks as one of today?s best business tools if it?s used skillfully. Moreover, the most important is the communication programs that support you the ability to communicate with many people all over the world. However, this is also the point that many people blame the Internet for—less sociability. If you want to communicate with your friends, the only thing you have to do is to be on the Internet and send E-mail to or chat on line with them. Therefore, the time of your face-to-face communication with them becomes less and less. Another disadvantage of the Internet is about privacy. Electronic messages sent over the Internet can be easily snooped and tracked, revealing who is talking to whom and what they are talking about. Consequently, the Internet users will become victims of identity theft, one of the worst privacy violations with potentially devastating financial consequences.
Therefore, despite that the Internet makes our lives more convenient, you should not let it
control your life, you have to control it. It is necessary to learn to schedule your time on the Internet so that you will spend it meaningfully.
北京大学2004 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part One Listening Comprehension
（略）
Part Two Structure and Written Expression
Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your
choice on the ANSWER SHEET. （20%）
41. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ____, existing only until the sunset.
A. equitable
B. ephemeral
C. euphonious
D. evasive
42. Brooding and hopelessness are the ____ of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.
A. occupations
B. promises
C. frustrations
D. transactions
43. What ____ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.
A. worked me out
B. knocked me out
C. brought me up
D. put me forward
44. ____ considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.
A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban man
B. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man
C. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban man
D. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man
45. Not until the 1980?s ____ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.
A. some concerned citizens
B. some concerning citizens
C. did some concerning citizens
D. did some concerned citizens
46. The buttocks are ____ most other parts in the body.
A. likely less to cause fatal damage than
B. likely less causing fatal damage to
C. less likely to cause fatal damage than
D. less likely to cause fatal damage to
47. The concept of internet, ____ has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.
A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distances
B. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distances
C. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distance
D. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances
48. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to ____ the idea of applying for study in the United States.
A. reduce
B. yield
C. relinquish
D. waver
49. His request for a day off ____ by the manager of the company.
A. was turned off
B. was turned down
C. was put down
D. was put away
50. The index of industrial production ____ last year.
A. raised up by 4 per cent
B. rose up with 4 per cent
C. arose up with 4 per cent
D. went up by 4 per cent
51. Please ____ if you ever come to Sydney.
A. look at me
B. look me up C look me out D. look to me
52. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ____ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.
A. a sharp set-back
B. severe set-back
C. a severe blown-up
D. sharp blown-up
53. By the end of the year 2004, he ____ in the army for 40 years.
A. will have served
B. will serve
C. will be serving
D. will be served
54. ____ there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ____ the invitation to visit that area.
A. If he knew, would have declined
B. If he had known, would decline
C. Had he known, would decline
D. Had he known, would have declined
55. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could____.
A. hear somebody mourn
B. hear somebody mourning
C. hear somebody mourned
D. hear somebody had been mourning
56. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out____.
A. that seemed to be the best route
B. what seemed to be the best route
C. which seemed to be the best route
D. something that to be the best route
57. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even____.
A. to consider supporting it
B. considering to support it
C. to considering to support it
D. considering supporting it
58. Among the first to come and live in North America ____, who later prospered mainly in New England.
A. had been Dutch settlers
B. Dutch settlers were there
C. were Dutch settlers
D. Dutch settlers had been there
59. The cargo box has a label ____ on it. Please handle it with care.
A. “flexible”
B. “break”
C. “fragile”
D. “stiff”
60. ____ we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.
A. Much as
B. As much
C. More as
D. As well as
Part Three Reading Comprehension
I. Directions: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer
to each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. （10%）
Passage One
What Makes a “Millennial Mind”?
（1）Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discovery made, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still are
remembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the
last 1,000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of “Millennial Minds” —that?s barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.
（2）From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the “Millennial
Minds” are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine “Millennial Mind” affect our lives even now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine what the world was like before.
（3）Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a “Millennial Mind”, the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature — and its personal cost.
61. The first paragraph tells us that ______.
A. Focus had a list of “Millennial Minds” worked out in secret
B. Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of “Millennial Minds”
C. Focus?s list of the “Millennial Minds” consists of a strictly selected few
D. Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives from the list of the “Millennial
Minds”
62. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the “Millennial Minds”.
B. A “Millennial Mind” needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of his time.
C. Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives today can be included in the
list of the “Millennial Minds”.
D. The “Millennial Minds” are those who h ave changed human lives so much that people of
later generations can not remember what things were like in the past.
63. In the first sentence of the third paragraph, “transcendent genius” means ______
A. people who are exceptionally superior and great in talent
B. people whose achievements are not forgotten by later generations
C. people whose genius has been passed down to the present time
D. people who have guaranteed themselves a place in the Focus list
64. In the third paragraph, the phrase “cast light on” can be replaced by ______
A. shine over
B. light up
C. shed light on
D. brighten up
Passage Two
Tribute to Dr. Carlo Urbani, Identifier of SARS
（1）On the 29th of March, 2003, the World Health Organization doctor Carlo Urbani died
of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, the fast-spreading pneumonia that had killed 54 people worldwide.
（2）The 46-year-old Italian doctor was the first WHO officer to identify the outbreak of this new disease in an American businessman. Dr. Urbani first saw the US businessman on Feb. 28, two days after the patient had been admitted to a hospital in Hanoi. Although Urbani had worn a mask, he lacked goggles and other protective clothing. He began demanding that Hanoi hospitals
stock .up on protective gear and tighten up infection control procedures. But he was
frustrated at how long it was taking to teach infection-control procedures to people in hospitals. There were shortages of supplies, like disposable masks, gowns, gloves.
（3）After three weeks of round-the-clock effort, Urbani?s superior urged him to take a few
days off to attend a medical meeting in Bangkok, where he was to talk on childhood parasites. The day after he arrived, he began feeling ill — with symptoms of the new disease. He called his wife, now living in Hanoi with their three children. He said: “Go back to Italy and take the children, because this will be the end for me.” Dr. Urbani developed a fever and was put into isolation where he remained until his death. The WHO representative in Hanoi said: “He was very much a doctor, his first goal was to help people.”
（4）He was buried on April 2, 2003 in Castelplanio, central Italy, leaving behind his wife
and children. The measures he helped put in place before his death appear to have doused the SARS wildfire in Vietnam.
65.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Dr. Urbani caught SARS from an American businessman who was hospitalized in Hanoi.
B. There were not enough disposable masks, gowns, gloves and protective equipment.
C. He knew he had little hope to survive after he was found infected.
D. Dr. Urbani had helped combating the new disease by putting in place a series of
infection-control measures.
66. In the third paragraph , “three weeks of round-clock effort” means______.
A. for three weeks the hospital was taking in SARS patients without stopping
B. Dr Urbani worked day and night for three weeks, trying to get SARS under control
C. for three weeks Dr. Urbani did not have any time to sleep, trying hard to fight the new
disease
D. After three weeks hard work to control SARS, the hospital superior thought it was time to
stop the clock
67.According to the context, the word “doused” in the last sentence of this passage could be best replaced with________
A. extinguished
B. eliminated
C. solved
D. deluged
Passage Three
Glass
（1）Since the Bronze Age, about 3000 B. C., glass has been used for making various kinds
of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, lime, and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century.
（2）When heated the mixture becomes soft and moldable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way （metals, for instance）, glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/2a11108645.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
北京大学考博英语真题常见句子翻译方法近期很多考生问关于条件状语从句的分析和翻译问题，在此，育明考博老师结合同学提出的两个典型问题为大家分析条件状语从句，并给出相应的参考译文。 一、问题：请分析并翻译：If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. 解析：很多考生看到这样一句从横三、四行的长句会心生畏惧，对自己没有信心，自然也就无法理清这句中的各种枝节。拿到这样的一个句子，最主要的仍然是先把主干找到，然后再看其他部分和主干的关系。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 句子主干：you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties 主干是由两个并列的分句组成的，第一个分句是you will be in a position to know the experiences主系表结构，第二个分句是it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties形式主语+系表结构+不定式作真正的主语。
北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part One: Listening Comprehension略 Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%) Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21._________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. [A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive 22._________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent. [A] He would leave school [B] He left school [C] He had left school [D] He has left school 23.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________. [A] to be shown [B] to have been shown [C] to have shown [D] being shown 24.__________ that should be given priority to. [A] It is the committee has decided [B] It is only the committee has decided [C] It is what the committee has decided [D] It is what has the committee decided 25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work. [A] less local free-spiritedness than [B] less local free-spiritedness than to [C] to less local free-spiritedness than to [D] less to local free-spiritedness than to 26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again. [A] has treated spectators with [B] has treated spectator for [C] has treated spectators [D] has treated spectators to 27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports. [A] as hardly culturally enriching as [B] as hardly enriching culture as
北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析 导言：考博英语真题的重要性 全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真 题分析则显得尤为重要。华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总 结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。 考博英语试题的独特性 众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生 入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英 语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。 首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要 求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会 选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方 面而引起的错误和争议。 其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂 志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。因其题目来源的独特性，我们研 究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。如果考生在考前了解了这 一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。所以考生考前 精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
考博英语试题的作用 考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。 指导作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、 题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。 规划作用。考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。 调控作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，以所报考院校的英语真题为标杆，随时监控与调节自己的复习计划，使自己的复习计划在最短的时间内获得满意的成绩。 由此可知，研究真题对于考生在较短时间内提升成绩是有很大帮助的。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学历年的考博真题进行了细致且深入的研究，将北京大学考博英语的出题特点、题目类型等进行了详细论述，对下一年度的考博英语命题趋势进行了预测，并提出了针对北京大学考博英语的备考方法，让考生的复习备考更加具有针对性，让考生少走弯路，快速提高考试成绩。 以下是华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学考博英语历年试题详细分析。 一、北京大学考博英语试题的考核要求 北京大学博士研究生非英语专业入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合历年招收博士研究生的具体情况，我校博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力。
2015武汉大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、武汉大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇15分，30小题。 Part2:完形填空10分，20小题。 Part3:阅读理解50分，25小题。 Part4:翻译10分，（英译汉300字的短文；汉译英300字短文）。 Part5:写作15分，200字左右。与学术有关的作文。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%） Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet. 11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution. A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for 12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message. A．accustomed to split and divided B．accustomed to splitting and dividing C．accustomed to split and dividing D．accustomed to splitting and divided 13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value. A. at itself B. as itself C. on itself D. in itself 14．us earlier, your request to the full. A.You have contacted…we could comply with B.Had you contacted…we could have complied with C.You had contacted…could we have complied with D.Have you contacted…we could comply with 15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy. A. discard B. discreet C. discord D. disgorge 16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology. No one can shield himself such an influence. A. on…by…at B. by…for…in C. from…in…on D. through…with…from 17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create . A. bore B. bored C. boredom D. bordom 18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz. A. lacked B. lacking C. for lack of D. lack of 19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine. A. that have to B. have to C. having to D. has to 20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it. A. none the worse B. none the better C. never worse D. never better 21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color. A. cried out for…cried out for B. cry out for…cry out for C. had cried out for…cried out for D. had cried out for…cry out for 22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very . A. trigger B. meager C. vigor D. linger 23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology. A. as much the Africans are detribalized B. the Africans are much being detribalized C. as much as the Africans are being detribalized D. as much as the Africans are detribalized 24. We admire his courage and self-confidence. A. can but B. cannot only C. cannot but D. can only but 25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract
P a r t T w o：S t r u c t u r e a n d W r i t t e n E x p r e s s i o n（20%） Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet. 11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution. A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for 12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message. A．accustomed to split and divided B．accustomed to splitting and dividing C．accustomed to split and dividing D．accustomed to splitting and divided 13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value. A. at itself B. as itself C. on itself D. in itself 14．us earlier, your request to the full. A.You have contacted…we could comply with B.Had you contacted…we could have complied with C.You had contacted…could we have complied with D.Have you contacted…we could comply with 15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy. A. discard B. discreet C. discord D. disgorge 16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology. No one can shield himself such an influence. A. on…by…at B. by…for…in C. from…in…on D. through…with…from 17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create . A. bore B. bored C. boredom D. bordom 18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz. A. lacked B. lacking C. for lack of D. lack of 19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine. A. that have to B. have to C. having to D. has to 20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it. A. none the worse B. none the better C. never worse D. never better 21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color. A. cried out for…cried out for B. cry out for…cry out for C. had cried out for…cried out for D. had cried out for…cry out for 22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very . A. trigger B. meager C. vigor D. linger 23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology. A. as much the Africans are detribalized B. the Africans are much being detribalized C. as much as the Africans are being detribalized D. as much as the Africans are detribalized 24. We admire his courage and self-confidence. A. can but B. cannot only C. cannot but D. can only but
考博详解与指导系所名称公共卫生学院 招生总数21 系所说明本院采取“申请-考核”制方式招收应试生。 招生专业：流行病与卫生统计学(100401) 本专业计划招生6人；其中03→06方向限招收推荐直博生。 研究方向指导教师考试科目备注 01.表观遗传与出生缺 陷 任爱国 02.母亲孕期增补微量 营养素对子代儿童代谢 功能的影响 叶荣伟 03.遗传病流行病学胡永华推荐直博生 04.慢性病流行病学李立明推荐直博生 05.分子流行病学陈大方推荐直博生 06.围产流行病学刘建蒙推荐直博生 从以下三个方面进行评价： 1、语言准确性（语法和用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性、词汇的丰富程度、发音的准确性） 2、话语的长短和连贯性（内容的连贯性、寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短、表达思想的语言长短等） 3、语言的灵活性和适合性（语言表达是否灵活、自然，话语是否得体，语言能否与语境、动能和目的相适
应）评价成绩为： a优秀--能用外语就指定的话题进行口头交流，基本没有困难 b良好--能用外语就指定的题材进行口头交流，虽有些困难，但不影响交流 c及格--能用外语就指定的话题进行简单的口头交流 d不及格--不具有口头表达能力中科院招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语口试暂行办法 口试内容与结构分为两部分，有两名教师参加口试工作，一名教师主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分；另一名教师专事评分，不参与 交谈。两名口试教师所给的分数各占口试成绩的50%。 4、面试过程中不要放屁，即使放了，不要承认，让三个老师互相猜疑去。这是以上三条中最重要的一条，做不到这一条以上三条都白搭。 第一部分：考查学生理解并回答有关日常生活、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力（3分钟）。 第二部分：考查学生连续表达的能力。考生从所给你的问题中选择一个话题，就此话题表达自己的看法（3分钟）。口试用材料（部分,仅供参考）part a interlocutor(问话者)： ------good morning.my name is……,and this is my colleague…..he is just going to listening to us.are your name is…..? ------first of all,we’d like to know sth.about you,so i’m going to ask some questions about yourself. (从以下各项问题中选择几个适当的问题提问考生) ------hometown where are you from? how long have you lived there? how do you like it?why? do you live near here?where about? what do you think are the good points about living in this city?