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互联网新闻英语文体特征探析

西北大学

硕士学位论文

互联网新闻英语文体特征探析

姓名:姜薇

申请学位级别:硕士

专业:外国语言学及应用语言学指导教师:季建芬

20100620

摘要

英语新闻是一种涵盖面非常广泛的综合体,主要是指以最快的速度把信息传播给大众的一种体裁。随着社会的迅猛发展,以及电脑和互联网的广泛应用,越来越多的人借

助网络获取信息资料及新闻。由此逐渐产生出互联网新闻英语文体,它逐渐形成了一种

极其重要的新闻英语文体的次文体,并把它称为“第四新闻媒体"。迄今为止,文体学

家对于报刊新闻英语做了大量的研究,但遗憾的是,对于互联网新闻英语文体特征的研

究往往只涉及某一方面,还未形成层面体系。因此,语言学家迫切需要从文体学角度出

发,对网络新闻英语进行全面立体的描述及研究,在科学技术快速发展的今天,帮助我

们更为深刻地了解新闻英语文体,高效地掌握全球信息。

本文的主要目的是:1.依据新闻英语文体理论,首先从排版、词汇、句法以及篇章四大基本层面对互联网新闻英语进行详细研究;2.分别将互联网新闻英语与报刊杂

志新闻英语、广播电视新闻英语进行分析比较研究,揭示互联网新闻英语不同于其他新

闻次语体的文体特征;3.本文将从版面编排、新闻风格、目标读者、语言特点几个方

面对不同新闻英语网站进行文体分析及研究。该研究的具体出发点如下,并且整个研究

将围绕其展开:

1.作为新闻英语的次语体之一,互联网新闻英语文体特征是否完全遵循新闻英语文体理论,如果不完全一致,其具体异同点如何体现?

2.互联网新闻英语与其他新闻英语次语体(报刊杂志新闻英语,广播电视新闻英语)相比较,其文体特征有何异同?

3.遵循互联网新闻英语文体理论前提下,不同新闻英语网站(人民日报网络版、泰晤士报在线、镜报网络版)的新闻报道是否存在一定的文体差异,引起这些差异的原

因究竟是什么?

4.导致互联网新闻英语与新闻英语,及其他新闻英语次语体存在文体特征差异的本质原因是什么?

通过分析与研究,该论文结果总结如下:

首先,互联网新闻英语在编辑排版方面,由于其网络空间的特殊性,互联网新闻英语的标题及视昕等环节都体现了利用网络作为载体的与众不同之处;在词汇、句法与

篇章方面,互联网新闻英语在遵循新闻英语基本文体特征前提之下,采用多种形式的词

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Abstract

widerangeandmainlyreferstoagenrespreadingEnglishnewsisastylethatcoversvery

theinformationtothepublicinthefastestspeed.WiⅡlthedevelopmentofsociety,computer

andintemetalewidelyused,andthenmoreandmorepeoplegetinformationandnews

andgraduallyformsanewthroughthismedium.Inthiscase,OnlineEnglishNewsappeared

sub—styleofEnglishnews,named“TheFourthNewsMedium'’.

Sofar,stylistshavedonealotforthestudyofnewspaperEnglishnews,butunfortunatelycomprehensiveandsystematicresearchonthestylisticfeaturesofOnlineEnglishNewsWas

seldomreferred.Therefore,thereisanurgentneedforcomprehensiveandmulti-dimensional

descriptionandresearchonOnlineEnglishNewsfromtheperspectiveofstylisticanalysisSO

astohelpUSunderstandthisnewEnglishgenremoredeeplyandobtaintheglobal

informationefficiently.

Themainpurposesofthisthesisale:

Firstly,thethesisisintendedtogiveadetailedstudyofOnlineEnglishNewsbasedon

thefourlevelsoflayout,vocabulary,syntax,anddiscourse,accordingtostylistictheoriesof

Englishnews;

Secondly,thethesisisorientedtomakeacomparativeanalysisofthefollowingthreeEnglishNewsgenresofOnlineEnglishNews,NewspaperEnglishNews,Radio&TV

makethedifferencesbetweenthemwi廿ltheaimofrevealingthestylisticEnglishNewsand

featuresofOnlineEnglishNews,whichisprovedtobedifferentfromtheothertwonews

sub-styles;

amongseveralmajorEnglishnews‘Thirdly,thisthesisisbrieflysketchingthedifferences

websitesfromthelevelsoflayouts,newsstyle,targetaudience,languagefeaturesSOasto

betteraccesstoglobalinformationthroughthecarrierofintemet.

Thethesisisinspiredbyandderivedfromthefollowingquestions:

1.AsoneofEnglishnewssub-genres,whetherstylisticfeaturesofOnlineEnglishNews彻lyfollowEnglishnewsstylistictheoriesornot?

2.ComparingOnlineEnglishNewstoothersub-genresofEnglishnews(newspaper

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tentativeexplorationandtheauthorhopesthatmorescholarsCallbeinspiredtodofurther

researchesonthissubjectandtheauthoralsohopesthattheresultsofthestudycallbeneficial

inprovidingreferencesandguidanceforthefutureresearchersandEnglishlearnersontheir

explorationintothestylisticfeaturesofOnlineEnglishNews.

Keywords:stylisticfeatures;Englishstylistics;EnglishNews;OnlineEnglishNews

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西北大学硕士学位论文

Introduction

Stylisticsis“thestudyofstyle”(Wales,1989:437).ItshistorycailbetracedbacktoancientGreece;however,itWaSonlyinthe1960sthatstylisticsgotwellestablished鹤a

discipline.ItsmodemdevelopmentscallberoughlydividedintotwoaSpects:general

andliterarystylistics.Literarystylisticstendsto“,咖,.toakindofstylisticswhosestylistics

focusofinterestisnotprimarilyliterarytexts,buttherefinementofalinguisticorstylistic

analysis"’(D.Burton1980:47).Itputsmoreweightontheanalysisofoccasional

characteristicsoflanguage;itestablishesstandardsoflanguagevariant;itanalyzesfeaturesof

differentlanguagesindetails;andwhat’Smoreimportantisthatitpointsoutstylisticfeatures

ofdifferentstylesoflanguage.Asanindependentsubject,stylisticsputsforwardstheoretical

framewhichiscomparativelymter罂aded,anddescriptivewayoflanguagewhichisstricter.

111eycallsci'vethepurposeofteachingandlearningforeignlanguages.Stylisticsoffersa

feasiblewayoflookingattexts,ausefulsetofmeta-linguisticterms,andsomeeffective

methodsfordoingpracticalanalysis.Thismasteryofthesethreeaspectsisveryconductiveto

theteacher’steachingworkandhelpfulforthestudentsintermsofthedevelopmentoftheir

abilitytofind,analyzeandsolveproblemsintheprocessoflearningfbrei印languages.This

hasproventobefruitfulandvalidinWesterncountries.

Thesty7leofnewsreportreferstotheliterarystyleofnewspapeLmagazine,radioand"IV

suchkindofmassmediathatisusedinthenewsreport.Inmodemsociety,newsreporthas

becomeaninseparablepartofpeople’Slifeandoneofthemostfamiliarliteraryforms.And

partsofthemhavebecomethestandardsoflanguage.Withthefastdevelopmentofscience

andtechnology,newsreportasanimportanttoolinfluencespeople’Slifeandlanguagealot,at

thesametime,itCanchangepeople’Sattitudetowardssomeevents.Newsreportalsoisail

importantmaterialforstudentstostudy.Therefore,itisnecessarytostudyandlearnthe

stylisticfeaturesofnewsreport.

Accordingtodifferentmedi如Englishnewsisdividedintoseveralparts---newspaper

Englishnews,magazineEnglishlleWS,radioEnglishnews,TVEnglishnewsand….

Meanwhile,stillwiththedevelopmentofsociety,computerandinteractspreadquicklyand

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西北大学硕士学位论文

ChapteroneLiteratureReview

1.1PreviousStudyonEnglishNews

Accordingtothedifferentmassmedia,EnglishNewsisdividedintoseveralbranches---Newspaper&MagazineEnglishNews,Radio&TVEnglishNews,NewsAgency

EnglishNewsere..Duringtheteachingpractice,moreandmorepeoplerealizethatthe

ofEnglishnewsisoneofthemostimportantmeallstoimprovingthereadingskillsofreading

students,andlearningtheoutsideworld’Sinformation.ThestyleofEnglishnewsasaspecific

subjectoflinguisticsresearchisafunctionalstylisticswhichisveryconciseanddirect.So

howtohelpEnglishlearnersmasterEnglishnewsquicklyandefficientlyhasbecomea

researchhotspot.ButthelimitationofEnglishnews’researchisthatmostofresearchesfocus

ontheEnglishnewsreports.Forexample,fromtheperspectiveofdiscourseanalysis,Francis

didacomparativestudyamongnewsreports,editorialsandreader’Sletters,whichwere

selectedfromnewspaper;HuangGuowensummarizedthreedifferentcapitalizationsofthe

newswhenhedidanalysisonEnglishnews;ZhangJian,GuoKe,ChenZhongzhuanalyzed

thestructurecharacteristicsandlanguagefeaturesfromtheperspectiveofStylistics;Yang

XueyanexploredthestylisticfeaturesofEnglisheditorials.

1.2PreviousStudyonOnlineEnglishNews

Atthebeginning,scholarsbothathomeandabroad,suchaSQinXiubai,ZhangDelu,

QianYuan,0’DonnellandTodd,allofthemtookthestylisticresearchofnewspaper&

magazineEnglishnewsaStheirresearchfocus.WhentheradioandTVemerged,some

scholarsshiftedtheresearchfocusofstylisticsfromnewspaper&MagazineEnglishnewsto

radio&TVEnglishnews,andmadecomprehensivestudiesofradio&TVEnglishnews.Due

todifferentwaysofmedia,scholarsnoticedthatnewspaper&magazineEnglishnewsand

radio&TVEnglishnews,whichexitbomsimilaritiesanddifferences.

Withthedevelopmentofworld,akiIldofnewstyleemcees---OnlineEnglishNews,

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西北大学硕士学位论文

1.4BasicElementofNews

Newsisareflectionofobjectiveissueswhichexistinourdailylife.111eoriginofnewsisthefact.111efactisprimarypart,andnewsisthesecond.Butonethingisclear:although

thefactisoriginofilews,itdoesn’tmeanthatanyfactsCanbenews.Newsfactowns

characteristicsitself,includingthreebasicelements:舶shfact,changeablefactandtypical

fact.

Newsisinformationthatpublishedinnewspapersandbroadcastedonradioandtelevisionaboutrecenteventsinthecountryorworldorinaparticularareaofactivity.There

areusuaHyfivebasicelementsinnews:who,what,why,whenandwherewhichthepublic

aremostlyconcernedof,andwhichthereporterssticktoinWfivebasicelementsritingthe

news.Anadditionalelementmaybe‘'how'’whichgivespeoplesomedetailedinformation

abouttheprocessoftheevent.Intheearlytimeofnineteenthcentury,newsreportersregarded

thesefive“W”asthebasicrulesofnewswriting.TheywereproducedbyJohninAssociated

Press.

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西北大学硕士学位论文

itsstylists.ThestudyofEnglishnewsstyleemploysthetheoriesofstylisticsandlinguisticaLs

theoreticalflame.

2.1.2TheoriesofEnglishNewsStylistics

Inthe1980s,becausethedivisionbetweenstylisticsandtraditionalrhetoricisSOvaguethatstylisticresearchismainlybasedontheoriesoftraditionalrhetoric.Traditionalrhetoric

mainlyfocusesongeneralrhetoricalmeansoflanguage,speechart,influenceandattraction

oflanguageforman,whichisthestudyoflanguagenorm.Butitoverlookstherelationship

amonglanguageexpresselements.Therefore,traditionalrhetoriccannotshowtherulesof

andprofoundly.Duringtheperiodoftime,stylisticslinguisticexpressionthoroughly

emphasizedthenaturalresulttexturallanguage,butneglectedtheculturalbackgroundof

basedonthelanguage.From1980sto1990s,stylisticstudyofEnglishnewsismainly

theoriesoftraditionalrhetoricandartisticstylistics.Andfromtheaspectofinfluencefor

readers(audiences),itstudiedtherhetoricalfeaturesofEnglish

Generative-transformgrammarisanothertheoreticalbasisforstylisticresearch.Dualism

isthefoundationofgenerative-transformgrammarthatpaysmuchattentiontoontological

researchandnaturalresultoflanguage.DualismreferstothatthecontentsandformCanbe

separated.Contentisthechoiceofmeaningwhereasstyleisperformanceofform.Through

thecomparativestudyoflinguisticagreementandstylisticvariant,weCallscethevalueof

stylistics.

Ontheaspectofwaysofstylisticanalysis,thereexistthecombinationof

dualism.Generative-transformgrammar’Sfundamentalgenerative-transformgrammarand

sentence.Anditthinksthatthelogicalmeaningofsentencecanbereplacedbyanalyticunitis

andtheirco。relationsagroupofassignedtopicstorepresent.Thesebasicassignedtopics

constructthedeep-structureofthissentence.Meanwhile,thosebasicassignedtopicsCanUSe

differentwordsorthesamewordswhichowndifferentcombinationstoexpress,whereas,do

notchangetheiroriginalmeanings.Thedifferentwaysofexpressionconstructthe

preface—structureofthissentence,whicharestylevariants.Butthetexturalanalysisisrare

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西北大学硕士学位论文

Englishnews,magazineEnglishnews,radioEnglishnews,TVEnglishnewsand....Meanwhile,still谢tllthedevelopmentofsociety,computerandinternetspreadquicklyandwidely,andthenmoreandmorepeoplegetinformationandnews.Inthiscase,OnlineEnglishNewsappeared.Gradually,itformsanewsub—styleofEnglishnews,named“TheFourthNewsMedium”.IfwewanttohelpstudentslearnthestyleofEnglishnewsanddescribeitthoroughlyandaccurately,weshouldnotonlygiveastudyofnewspaperEnglishnewsorTVEnglishnews,butalsogiveastylisticresearchofOnlineEnglishNewswhichisdifferentstylefromothers.Atsametime,wealsoneedtomakeacomparativestudyamongOnlineEnglishNewsandnewspaper&magazineEnglishnews,radio&"IVEnglishnews,SOwecanmasterthespecialstylisticfeaturesofOnlineEnglishNewsandgetathoroughunderstandingofnewsstyle.Inaddition,tolearnstylisticfeaturesofOnlineEnglishNewsisgoodtoimprovestudents’readingskills.Ⅵmat’Smoleimportant,ourworldtendstobeglobalizednowadays,students

Cantakeuseofthesevarietiesofnetresourcestoseetheworld,makethemselvesbecomeaversatilepersoninthefuture.

2.2MajorlevelsofStylisticAnalysis

Differentlinguisticselementsplaydifferentstylisticrolesinstylisticsanalysis.Thefollowingsectionwillmainly

introducethreelevels:thegraphologicallevel,lexicallevelandsyntaxlevel.

2.2.10nGraphologicalLevel

Bygraphologyis

meanttheencodingofmeaninginvisualsymbols.Deviationatthislevelseemstobemuchmoreinteresting,buthasbeensadlyneglectedinliterarydiscussioninthepast.GraphologocaldeviationCanoeetlrinanysub—areaofgraphology,suchastheshapeoftext,thetypeofprint,grammetrics,punctuation,indentation,etc.

First,thedifferentshapeofa

pieceofliteraryworkcall

bedesignedinanunconventional

waySOthatitmaybesuggestiveofacertainliterarytheme.Toillustratethispoin_t,letuslook

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西北大学硕士学位论文

isaskingwhat

haveIdonethat

Youwouldn}have

(E.E.Cummings)

Thisisashortpoemcontainingonly8linesand26wordsandiscomposedexclusivelyof

everydaywordsandexpressions.Nevertheless,itisnoteasytounderstandatafirstreading.

Thedifficultyinunderstandingthepoemiscausedbytheextremityinsyntacticdeviationin

thefirstpartofthepoemandbytheCrraphologicaldeviationasitmanifestsinthe

capitalizationofthefirstletterofcertainwordsandthede-capitalizationofthepronoun£

ThereisalottobesaidaboutthesyntacticdeviationherebutforthemomentletUSsimply

rearrangetheorderofsomewordsandlinesSOastogivesomeideaofwhatthepoemisabout,

realizingthoughthatanyalterationinsyntaxwouldmeansomechangeinmeaning.

apoisonedmolzge

whostillalive

doseStarequietly

outofthetloor

upatMe

isaskingwhat

havefdonethat

Youwouldn}have

Fromthisrearrangement,wemayseethatMeinthepoemisahumanbeingandaddresserof

thepoemfromwhosepointofviewthissceneispresented.ItisperhapsthisMethathas

poisonedthemouse.WemayalsonoticethatWhatihavedonethatYouwouldn}haveisin

factacaseoffreedirectspeech.Forclarity,letuStransferitintodirectspeechbyputtingit

intoapairofquotationmarks.

Isasking“What

havefdonethat

Youwouldn}have”

humanbein眇.NowweItisclearthenthatireferstothepoisonedmouseandYouthe

havecometOthepoint.Accordingtotheconventionofversecomposition,thefirstletterof

eachlineshouldbecapitalized.However,Cummingsherebreachestheconventionbyonly

capitalizingthefirstletteroftheopeninglineandthatoftheclosinglinesothatthetwowords

ll

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西北大学硕士学位论文

2.2.30nSyntacticLevel

fromnormal(surface)grammar.TheseincludeaSyntacticdeviationreferstodepartures

numberoffeaturessuchasunusualclausethemes,unusualphrasestructures.Inthissection,

wewillonlydiscussunusualclausethemeandunusualphrasestructure.Theinitialunitofa

clausemaybecalledit‘"theme”.Apartfromthelaststressedelementoftheclausestructure

whichmostnaturallybearstheinformationfocus,thethemeisthemostimportantpartofa

clausefromthepointofviewofitspresentationofamessageinsequence.Thethememaybe

characterizedasthecommunicativedeparturefortherestoftheclause.InEnglish,the

expectedor‘‘unmarked'’themeofamainclauseis:

1.Subjectofanindicativeclause:Shegotanewdress.

2.Auxiliaryinayes-noquestion:Didshegetanewdress?

3.Wh-elementinawh-question:Whichdressdidsheget?

4.Mainverbinallimperativeclause:Getanewdressforher.

However’theliterarywritercangobeyondthisandmayplaceanyoftherestofclauseelementsinthethematicpositioninordertoachievecertainliteraryeffect.Thethemethus

unusualandthereforecalleda‘marked’theme.Toillustratehowtheliteraryproducedis

writerusesallunusualclausethemetoachievealiteraryeffect,letusciteanexampleinthe

followingparagraph:

Myopinionofthecoaltradeonthatr^忙,.缸.thatitmayrequiretalent,butitcertainly

Mr.Micawberhas,capitalMr.Micawberhasnot.

requirescapital.Talent

(Dickens,DavidCopperfield)

Thesecondsentenceintheabove

paragraphSmadeupoftwoparallelclausesandeachclauseisinitiatedbyanounphrase,whichbyfunctionistheobjectoftheclause.Thefunctionofthe

unusualparagraphtogetherandisthusapowerfuldeviceoftextualcohesion,b)itservesto

formacontrastinmeaningbetweenthetwoparallelclauses,c)itgivesmuchemphasistothe

twowordsshiftedtotheinitialposition.

Itshouldbepointedoutatthisjuncturethatanumberofadverbialsappeartypicallyin

theinitialpositionandthereforeshouldbedisregardedinconsideringwhatthethemeofa

13

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