第6讲动词的时态和语态 [析考点·规律探密] 真题体验透视命题规律 授课提示：对应学生用书第21页 动词的时态和语态已成为高考语法填空和短文改错的必考内容。主要有以下特点： 1．时态的考查以“情景立意”为主，主要考查考生在具体的语境下运用各种时态的能力。 2．时态的考查以现在时和过去时为主，语态的考查主要集中在一般过去时的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态或者是被动语态中过去分词的误用上。因此考生必须能够正确拼写动词的过去式和过去分词。 3．语法填空和短文改错对动词时态、语态的考查不是孤立的，它必须和主谓一致联系在一起，因此考生做题时一定要弄清主语。 【考点练悟】(单句语法填空) 1．(2018·浙江卷) Istillremembervisitingafriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwas_shocked (shock) whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime. 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Since2011，thecountryhas_grown (grow) morecornthanrice. 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsaltare_removed (remove) fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething. 4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswere_used (use) topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise. 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later，engineersmanaged (manage) toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels (隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube. 6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarahhas_been_told/was_told (tell) thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel, earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear. 7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarahsays，“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment，schoolcomes_(come) first...” 8．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase, whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.Iwas_allowed (allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre. [规律总结] 1．时态：尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近三年全国卷高考真题主要考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应掌握的：
动词概述 一、实义动词 ■①及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi . They study hard. I know them well. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如： She sings very well. She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，____不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语： ■②动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■③延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■④限定动词与非限定动词
动词时态 练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！ 一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配)： 1. A policeman saw two thieves ______a girl’s mobile phone on the bus and he caught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen 2. The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match. Let’s ______them success. A. wish B. to wish C. hope D.to hope
wish 可接双宾语表祝愿，hope不能。 3. He is so careless that he always ______his school things at home. A.forgets B. forgot C. leaves D. left 忘记某物在某地，用leave 忘记事情用forget，不能加地点 4. ----Who ______the computer? I want to use it. ----Timmy. He ______ it for a week. A. borrowed, has borrowed B.has borrowed, bought C. has borrowed, has kept D.bought, has borrowed 完成时态，时间段borrow—keep 5. Look! One of the girls ______the door. A.cleans B.is cleaning C. clean D. are cleaning 6. If you don’t feel well, you may just ______. A. stopped reading B. stop reading C. stopped to read D. stop to read stop doing 停止正在做的事情 stop to do 停下来去做某事 7. ----Where can we get a baseball? ----Let’s ______. A. lend Jim one B. lend one to Jim C. borrow one from Jim D. borrow one of Jim lend 借给 borrow向...借 8. ----My model ship doesn’t work. ----Don’t worry. I’ll have it ______this afternoon. A.repairing B. made C. repaired D. mend have sth. done 某事（物）被做 9. You ______wash your hands before meals. A. need B. must C. can D. may 10. Will you ______the light? It’s dark in the room. A.get on B. get off C. trun on D. turn off 11. My name is Zhang Mingjian. You may ______me Zhang Mingjian or Mr Zhang. A. ask B. say C. tell D. call 12. There is going to ______a game in our school this afternoon. has B. have C.be D. are 13. You’d better______smoking. It’s bad for your health. A.eat up B. give up C. come up D. get up 14. ----How do you like this book? ----I think it has nothing to______with our study. A.make B.do C. take D. hold nothing to do with 与...无关 15. ----Where is Mr. Brown? I have some questions to ask him. ----He ______the office. A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. has gone in 16. The bus kept the people ______for twenty minutes.
第6讲动词的3个考查角度、13组高频短语记忆、5组近义词辨析及动词考法备考指导对于动词的考查一定是从以下几个角度：(1)从语法(时态、语态、语气等)的角度考查；(2)从单词词义辨析的角度考查；(3)从短语词义辨析的角度考查：①同一个动词后跟不同的介词或副词的考查；②不同的动词后跟同一个介词或副词的考查。 一、以get为例掌握高考考查动词时的三个角度 1．从语法的角度考查get的相关知识 (1)get＋宾语＋to do叫(请、说服)某人做某事 I’ll get more men to do it. 我多叫几个人做此事。 Be sure to get Mr.White to come here. 一定请怀特先生来。 (2)get＋宾语＋过去分词 弄得(使得)某事完成(自己也可能参与) She got a new coat made. 她定做了一件新大衣。 Let’s get this matter cleared up. 咱们把这件事情弄清楚吧。 (3)get＋宾语＋现在分词 使……在某种状态中(相当于keep...doing) The lecture got us thinking. 这次演讲使我们深思。 Can you get the clock going again? 你能让这个钟再走起来吗？ (4)get＋过去分词(构成被动，着重于动作)受，被 He got dismissed because of his laziness. 由于懒惰他被开除了。 I got acquainted with him when he was in high school. 我在中学时期就认识了他。
现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词 （1）专题讲解： 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. Eg: buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买 borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借 die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死 leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开 begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始 join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加 --- have / has been a ( party) member go (went) --- have / has been there / in 去 come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达 end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束 eg. The film began five minutes ago. ------The film has been on for five minutes. ------It has been five minutes since the film began. 用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋open代open 7、be closed代close/shut 用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
第6讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 单句语法填空单句写作1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements ... 答案：have reported 根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。 2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. 答案：has grown 根据时间状语Since 2011可知，此处应用现在完成时。 3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 答案：has been told/was told 根据that 从句的时态可知，此处动作应发生在过去，故填现在完成时或一般过去时均可，又根据与主语的关系可知，应用被动语态。 4.(2017·天津高考)I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 答案：was driving 此处为be doing ... when ... 结构，根据从句中的found可知，主句应用过去进行时。 5.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)But now that information is (be) spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. 答案：being 此句为现在进行时的被动语1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)那是周一早上，写作课 刚刚开始。 It was Monday morning, and the writing class . 答案：had just begun 2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)灰狼曾经在黄石地区随 处可见。 Gray wolves once here and there in the Yellowstone area. 答案：were seen 3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)当夏季到来时，他们将 邀请学生去采摘新鲜的蔬菜！ When summer ， they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！ 答案：comes 4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)一位妇女看到他正在哭泣，告诉他在商店外等候。 A woman saw him crying and outside the shop. 答案：told him to wait 5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)很多研究都已表明全球 变暖已成为一个十分严峻的问题。 Lots of studies that global warming a very serious problem. 答案：have shown has already become
动词概述 一、动词的含义： 动词是发出动作或说明动作所处的状态的词。 二、动词的作用： ●动词是句子的重心，是句子的灵魂。 ●动词在句子里充当谓语的成分，谓语动词不但主宰着句子的含 义，而且决定着句子的结构。 ●每个句子都必须有一个动词来担当谓语。 ●动词作为谓语，用来说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”。 三、动词的分类： 1.根据句法功能分类： 动词可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。 （1）谓语动词包括：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 实义动词和系动词可以单独作谓语；而助动词和情态动词 不可以单独作谓语，主要用来帮助实义动词共同构成谓语 部分。 （2）非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动词的现在分词、动词的 过去分词和动名词。 2.根据是否需带宾语： 动词可分为：及物动词和不及物动词。 3.根据动作发生的长度： 动词可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 四、各类动词的概念讲解： 1.谓语动词：可以用来充当谓语成分的动词。 2.非谓语动词：是由动词转变成的相应的各种动词形式，在句子中不 能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征。非谓语动词 没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，在句 中可以作谓语之外的各种成分。 3.实义动词：具有实在含义的动词。 4.系动词：用来连接主语和表语的动词。系动词可以用来表示主语的 身份、性质、状态。 5.助动词：助动词一般无实际意义，不可单独作谓语，主要用来帮助 实义动词构成谓语。表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成疑 问式或否定式。 6.情态动词：情态动词有一定的意义，无人称和数的变化，和不带to 的动词不定式一起构成谓语，表示对动作或状态的各种 情感、态度和看法。 7.及物动词：能跟宾语，要求有一个或两个宾语的动词。 8.不及物动词：指不能直接跟宾语的动词。 9.延续性动词：延续性动词表示一种可以持续的动作或状态。其动词 能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 10.短暂性动词：短暂性动词表示一种不可以延续的动作和状态。其动 作所表示的行为或过程必须在短时间内完成。其动词 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 1
第6讲情态动词 一）课前小测 单项选择 01. A __________ boy can sing the English song very well. A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-years-old D. fifth years old 02.We have known each other for ________. A. a year and half B. a year with half C. a year and a half D. a year with a half 03.Bob promised to join the football match________ he has to help his parents on the farm. A. if B. as C. unless D. when 04.--What are you doing tomorrow, Jane? --I will go bike riding if it _____. I like riding on rainy days. A. doesn’t rain B. is cloudy C. is snowy D. rains 05.--Do you know if she _____ to visit us ? --I think she will come if she _______free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. will come; is C. comes; will be D. will come; will be 06.--Betty, do you know if Tony______ the photo competition？ --He will, if he _____ his project on Australia. A. enters; finishes B. enters; will finish C. will enter; finishes D. will enter; will finish 07.If you _________ harder, you will fail the exam. A. not work B. work C. don’t work D. won’t work 08.He can’t see the words on the board unless he _________ his glasses. A. wear B. wears C. doesn’t wear D. to wear 09.Why not buy a cheaper monitor? A. Why do you B. Why don’t you C. Why you not 10.My dream is to work as an English teacher. A. be B. doing C. being 11.He was unaware of his mistake. A. knew B. realized C. didn’t realized 12.–The 10-year-old boy can take care_____ himself. --We should learn to be ________like him. A. of; depending B. for; dependent C. for; depend D. of; independent 13.–Will you ______ finish your speech before 9? -- I’ am afraid I __________. I have too much to say. A. can; can’t B. be able to; can’t C. may; am not able to D. could; may not 14.We are looking forward______ your e-mail soon. A. to receive B. to receiving C. receiving D. receive 15.My best friend _______ a tiny mouse_______ me as my birthday gift. A. bought; to B. gave; for C. bought; for D. sent; at 16.We should try our ______ to make our city________. A. best; more beautiful B. the best; the most beautiful C. best; most beautiful D. careful; most beautiful 17.–How cute the toy computer is! --Yes. It’s made_______ plastic _____China. A. of; from B. from; of C. of; in D. from; by 18.My hometown has damaged a lot in over a century. A. in the past few years B. in over ten years C. in over hundreds of years D. in over 100 years 19.This house is as big as that one. A. the same size as that one B. bigger than that one C. smaller than that one D. different from that one 20.I will go to the meeting in place of him tomorrow. A. as for B. according to C. instead of D. because of 21.It’s wrong to make fun of the old people. A. laugh at B. make friends with C. smile at D. shout to 22.--Don’t you think David is cra zy? --Yes. I can’t understand why he spent dollars on those useless products.
初中英语知识归纳总结：动词 动词（一） 一、知识概述 在英语中，每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语。说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”，动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词和名词、代词一样，有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般要与主语的人称和数保持一致。 学好了英语动词相当于学好了一半的英语语法，可见英语动词的重要性。在初中英语中，动词的分类、动词的时态和语态以及动词的各种形式之间的联系，非谓语动词的构成、用法等等贯穿整个初中课本，包括英语句型都离不开动词时态或语态，因此在学习时特别要注意英语中时态的运用和语态之间的区别。 二、动词的分类及作用 按照动词的词义和在句中的作用，英语动词可分为行为动词（又叫实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。 1、行为动词 表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。如： She took pictures of trees He is typing letters. 行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 （1）及物动词 及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。
I enjoyed the film very much I gave the child another piece of cake. 常见的能带两个宾语的动词有： bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc. （2）不及物动词 本身词义完整，后面不要求跟宾语。如： Horses run fast. They work in a factory. She curled up in bed and began her book. 2、连系动词 （1）本身有词义，不能在句子中单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, become. My father is an engineer. My brother has become a doctor. It seems that he was a millionaire. I don’t feel very well today. （2）表示感觉知觉的动词可以是连系动词，如feel, touch, sound, smell. I can smell the sea. The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.
初中英语语法系列数词精练 1.This apple __________ good. I like eating it. A、walks B、runs C、cleans D、tastes 2.He __________ a shower and then goes to bed. A、take B、has C、have D、runs 3.My best friend, Wang Xu, always ____ me in table tennis. A、win B、beat C、wins D、beats 4.When I _______ the museum, I found that it _______. A、arrived; closed B、arrived; was closed C、reached; closed D、reached; was closed 5.The dish doesn't _______ nice. I don't think it has a good _______. A、taste; taste B、look；look C、taste; look D、look; taste 6.Our English teacher often_______ us ______ her home to have a party. A、invites, to B、invited, to C、invents, to D、invented, to 7.The students in our class school very early every day. A、get B、arrive in C、arrive at D、get up 8.—Susan, do you like my skirt? —Yes, it is very _____. How much does it ______? A、beautiful; cost B、beautifully; cost C、beauty ; spend D、beautifully ; take. 9.—Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you _________ it for me? —No problem A、bring B、get C、take D、carry 10.John ___________ Beijing the day before yesterday. A、arrived at B、arrived
袄延续性动词与瞬间动词的转换 莅一、 蕿瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结 束，所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。 那么，如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢？此时，我们可以将这些词转换成意义相近的延续 性词（组），从而间接表示其中的意思。 蒇二、瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别： 薆1、用于完成时的区别 膄1）延续动词表示经验、经历； 虿2）瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 袈eg. 1.He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果) 芈 2.I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) 羃2、用于till和until从句的差异 蝿1）延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……，直到……” 艿2）瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……” 螆eg. 1.He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10点才回来。
蚂 2.He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。 三、瞬间动词到延续性动词的转换： 衿这里对一些词做一些总结： 蚀瞬间动词可转换的延续性动词（组） 蒈arrive be here 螅begin/start be on 衿die be dead 袇fall ill/sick/asleep be ill/sick/asleep 羅get up be up 薄go out be out 罿finish be over 芇put on wear或be on 蚇open be open(adj.) 节join be in或be 莃 a member of… 蚈close be closed
第8讲be动词 （不用添加内容，任课老师根据学生情况自行添加） 一．概念 Be动词有三个：am，is，are 我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它，单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 二．用法剖析 1. 如果主语是第一人称I（我）时，be动词用am。 I am 还可缩写成I'm。如：I'm David. 我是大卫。 2.如果主语是第三人称代词、单数名词或不可数名词时，be动词用is。 如: He is a student. 他是一名学生。 My mother is a teacher. 我的妈妈是一名老师。 is也可与主语缩写。 如: He is = He's, My mother is = My mother's等。 但是This is不可缩写。而is与not可缩写成isn't。 如:This isn't a book. 这不是一本书。
3.如果主语是第二人称you ，be动词必须用are。 如果主语是名词复数（两个以上的人或物）时，be动词必须用are。 如：Tom and Lily are good friends. 汤姆和莉莉是好朋友。 They are at school. 他们在学校。 are与主语还可缩写。如：We are= We're。 而are与not可缩写成aren't。如：They aren't students. 他们不是学生。 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 如：The book is over there.(一本书）The books are over there.（多本书） 疑问句变化口诀: 变疑问，be前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 (陈述句中谓语为is,are,am时，变疑问句只将其提前） 如：It is a book.变为：Is it a book? 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 如：It is a book.变为: It is not a book.(否定句） 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 如：It is a book.变为：Is not it a book?(疑问否定句） 1.be动词的分类和用法； 2.第三人称单数后的用法； 3.There be句型中be动词的用法。 （不用添加内容，任课老师根据学生情况自行添加）
英语动词形容词大全 一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
初中英语语法大全：动词的概述动词的概述 1.动词是表示动作或状态的词 如：walk play sleep live 2.动词和名词一样，也有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般必须与主语的人称和数保持一致 3.英语动词是词类中最复杂的一种，它的主要语法特征是： ①时态(tense) 特殊的动词词尾和有关的助动词，用以表示动作的时间和方向 ②语态(voice) 特殊的动词形式，用以表示动作的主语和宾语之间的关系，即主语是施事者或是受事者。 ③语气(mood) 特殊的动词形式，用以表示说话人对所说事物的态度。所说的话可能是事实，也可能是命令或请求，也可能是愿望，假设，怀疑，建议，猜测，纯粹的空想等。 ④体(aspect) 动词本身含有的动作方面，有动态和静态。静态包括内心活动，各种感觉和感情等。动态有瞬间，有限，无限，重复等方面。 4.动词的种类 动词的种类比较复杂，大致可以根据其在句子中的功能分为及物动词与不及物动词，连系动词介于两者之间。反身动词则是一种特殊的及物动词。其次，还可以根据其词义和在谓语中的做用，分为实义动词与助动词，情态动词。第三，还可以根据其与主语的关系分为限定动词与非限定动词。最后，还有一种由动词与介词，副词组成的动词短语。 ①：及物动词(transitive verb) 与不及物动词(intransitive verb) 及物动词要求有直接宾语 如：John himself opend the door to me John 亲自来为我开门 不及物动词则不要求有直接宾语 如：The car stopped. 车停了 只有及物动词可用作被动语态 如：The meeting will be hold in the town hall 会议将在市政大厅举行 ②：连系动词(link verb) 是一个表示谓语关系的动词它后必须接表语(通常为名词或是形容词) be 是最基本的连系动词 如：It is not late 时间还不晚 ③：反身动词(reflexive verb) 相当于及物动词，通常以反身动词做宾语如：She always prides herself on her cooking
动词的进行时态Step1 Revision
1.Check up homework. 2.Revise what was taught last time and ask some students to translate some sentences or answer some questions. Step2 Unfolding 延续性动词 一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间（eg: for two years）, since从句（eg: since he came here）, since+时间点名词（eg: since last year）, during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。 例：I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学习英语了。 2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用。 如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“时间点”，前后显然矛盾。 如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. 又如以下这段对话： -When did you get to know Jack? 你什么时候认识Jack的？ -Two years ago. 两年前。 -Then you've known each other for more than two years. 也就是说你们俩认识两年多了。 -That's right. 没错。 非延续性动词 1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived. 火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定句）。如： (1) 他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.