高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一．词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句
代替人代替物代替人或物
主语Who which that
主语Whom which that
宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例１：This is the detective who came from London.
例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例３：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例４：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
２．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。
(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各
个成员，则用who。
(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
３．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that 。
(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二．关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。
三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：
1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..
2) He was the only person in this country who was invited
四．As在定语从句中的用法
1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
（２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：
The e lephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
３）the same… that与the same …as在意思上是不同的。
2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.
(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
冠词用法不用愁，巧记两段顺口溜
有些同学总感到冠词难用，尤其是不知或拿不准什么时候要“加冠”，什么时候“免冠”。这里着重介绍一下有关“定冠词的用法”和“不定冠词的几种情况”的两段口诀：
一、定冠词的用法。
特指双熟悉，上文已提及；
世上独无二，序数最高级；
某些专有名，习语及乐器。
以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况，即：
①特指某些人或物②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事③上文已经提到的人或事④世界上独一无二的事物前⑤序数词回形容词最高级前⑥某些专有名词前⑦一些习惯短语（如：in the day等）中和乐器前（如：play the violin / piano）。
二、不用冠词的集中情况。
下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；
专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；
复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；
颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即：
①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。②专有名词和不可数名词前。③表示学科的（如：maths、Chinese、physics）名词前。④球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。⑤复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。⑦表示颜色（如：It's red / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese）和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from America.）。⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。⑨某些习惯短语中（如：in bed、go to school等）。
情态动词的推测性用法
1. Possibility (may/might/can/could)
a.在疑问句中表示“可能”，须用can而不用may.
b.在肯定陈述句中，用can表示“可能”与用may往往产生含义上的微妙差别：用表示“可能”往往指逻辑上的；用表事实上的。
Mr Reed is in poor health. He can be ill at any time.
Mr Reed looks pale. He may be ill.
c.用can表“可能”，较多地用于否定句和疑问句，could不受此限。
If you don't have a guide, you could lose your way.
It can’t/couldn't be true.
Can/Could the news be true?
d.表过去的“可能”可用“may/might+不定式完成体或不定完成进行体”，也可用“can/could+不定式完成体”。
She may/might have been expressing her true feelings at that moment.
She can't/couldn't have missed the train.
e.用“might/could+不定式完成体”有时可以表本来可能发生但没有发生，或本来可能完成却没有完成的动作。
You might have killed yourself.
I could have reported you.
使用半倒装的几种情况
1 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时
Never have I found him in such a good mood.
No longer these days is it necessary for women to wear veils.
Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains.
2 当句首状语由only+副词/介词词组/状语分句时
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. 以关联词not only(but also)开头的句子或成分
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
3 以关联连词so(…that)开头的句子，在这种结构中，"so+a"是主语补语的前置；"so+ad."是状语的前置
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
4 当方式状语、频度状语移至句首
Gladly would I pay more if I could get better service by doing so.
Many a time has Mike given me good advice.
定语从句学习容易出错的几方面
1、在定语从句中加了多余的或缺少宾语成分。
Some of the boys I invited the didn't come.
She told the wrongs had been done to her by the boss.
2、把定语从句的主谓一致问题。
Those who has finished may go now.
3、当先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，分不清关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。
Is this the school where Mr. White visited last month?
4、分不清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The naughty boy often knocked at the Wangs' door, that made the family unhappy.
5、与强调句混淆。
It was in the afternoon when I saw him in the park.
应该为：
It was in that afternoon that I saw him in the park.
6、忽视只能用that，不能用which的情况。
We should do all which is useful to the people.
略谈作后置定语的不定式的语态形式
不定式作后置定语的时态和语态形式在一般情况下是不难理解和使用的。例如，下列句子中的不定式都应用主动形式：
The next train to arrive was from Macao. 下一列到站的火车是从澳门开来的。
Do you know anything about her intention to study medicine? 你知道她为什么想学医吗？但不定式作后置定语还有几种特殊情况：
1.当不定式所修饰的名词与该不定式的动作有动宾关系时，则常用被动形式（这个不定式短语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句）。例如：
An agreement to be signed (=which is to be signed) next week will concern every one of us. 下周要签定的一项协定关系的我们每一个人。
The medical teams to be sent to the flood-stricken areas will start off next month. 派往洪灾地区的医疗队下个月即将启程。
2.当不定式所修饰的名词是have，get等动词的宾语时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，其不定式与所修饰的名词也有动宾关系。例如：
I have two letters to write. (=I have two letters that I am going to write.) 我有两封信要写。
I'm going to get a cup of tea to drink. 我要喝杯茶。
3.当不定式与其所修饰的名词（直接宾语）为动宾关系，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主
语时，则此不定式宜用主动形式。例如：
I handed him a pair of slippers to put on. 我递给他一双拖鞋穿。
Mother bought me a new coat to wear. 母亲给我买了一件新大衣穿。
4.在“there be”句型中，修饰主语的不定式如果与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，则既可用主动形式也可用被动形式。例如：
There is not a second to lose / to be lost. 一秒钟也不能耽误。
There are two experiments to do / to be done. 有两个实验要做。
但在“there be”句型中，修饰主语的不定式有时用主动形式表示“必要，责任”，而其被动形式则表示“可能性”。试比较：
There is nothing to do now. (=We have nothing to do now.) 现在没有什么事情可做。
There is nothing to be done now. (=We can do nothing now.) 现在没有什么办法
以-e结尾的动词加后缀时何时省略-e？
以-e结尾的动词变现在分词或加后缀构成新词时是否省略-e，有一定规律可循。
一、符合下列三种情况之一者，通常省略-e：
1、-e为默e（e不发音）时，如hope-hoping，bone-bony
2、-e前为辅音字母或元音字母u时，如ache-aching，cleave-cleaving；value-valuing，argue-argument
3、所加后缀以元音字母开头时，如machine-machinist，love-lovable。
二、符合下列情况之一者，通常保留-e：
1、词尾的-e发音，如be-being，see-seeing，agree-agreement
2、-e前是除u以外的元音字母，如dye-dyeing，shoe-shoeing
3、所加后缀以辅音字母开头，如care-careful，encourage-encouragement。
三、以-ce，-ge结尾的词，所加后缀以a，o开头时，要保留-e，以保持原词中c，g的读音，如embrace-embraceable，singe-singeing，encourage-uncourageous。
记住以上规则最简单的办法是：牢记省略-e的规则及例词，注意以-ce，-ge结尾的动词。
高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班， 故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.
A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色
高中英语语法重点难点回顾 ?主谓一致常考难题： Five minuｔes iｓ enougｈｔo do this exerｃise．?Ｅａch boy anｄ each girl ｗants to servｅｔｈe people ｉn fuｔuｒe.?More thａn one stｕｄｅnt haｓ se ｅn ｔhe film. ?Mａny a ship has been daｍageｄ in tｈｅ stoｒm.?More members than ｏnｅａre against yoｕr ｐlaｎ.?一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式：gｌasseｓ, cｌoｔheｓ, troｕｓers，ｓhoes, comｐasse ｓ， chｏpsticks, ｓciｓsors等。 但如果主语用a kｉnd oｆ, ａｐaiｒ oｆ， a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A ｐair ｏｆ sｈoes was on tｈe desk． 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时ａnd 后面的名词没有冠词。例如： Trutｈａnd hｏnｅsty is tｈｅ best poliｃy.?The girl’ｓteacｈer ａnd fri ｅｎｄ iｓ a ｙoｕnｇ doctor. To lovｅ and tｏｂｅｌｏveｄ is thｅ gｒeat hａｐpiness.?Goinｇｔo ｂeｄe ａrlｙａnd getｔｉng ｕp earlｙｉｓ a gooｄｈａｂit．?A knifｅanｄf ｏrk ｉs oｎｔｈｅtablｅ. 当主语后面跟有ａs wｅlｌａs, aｓｍuch ａｓ , no ｌess than, alonｇwith， w ｉｔｈ，ｌike, rａthｅr than, ｔogetheｒ witｈ, but, eｘceｐt, ｂesｉdes，ｉｎcｌuding, ｉn ａddiｔion ｔo等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The ｔeaｃheｒａs wｅll as ｔｈe studeｎts ｗas exciｔed.?Tｈe room with its furnitｕｒe was reｎtｅd.?Ａ (grｅａt）ｎumber ｏf修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a gｒeat deal of,a largｅａmount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 关系代词wｈｏ, that, ｗhicｈ等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： Ｔhｏse whｏ want ｔo go pｌease sign youｒ namｅs here. Somｅ oｆ the eｎｅｒgｙ thａt ｉs used by man cｏmｅs fｒom thｅｓun． 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a）hａlf 1/4 one(ａ）ｑuarter 词。? 形容词的顺序: 系动词be，grow，get，becoｍｅ，fｅel，appear,provｅ,ｓeｅm,look,ｋeep，smell，t ａste,soｕnd,ｔurn,remaｉn限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料?Tｈoｓe tｈree beautiｆul laｒｇe squ ａｒe oｌd bｒｏwn wooｄtaｂｌe?某些以a－开首的形容词例如:ａｆraｉｄ,ａliｋe，alone，asｌｅeｐ，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。 某些以－ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：fｒiｅｎdｌy，liｖｅlｙ, loveｌy，lｏnely，likely,dｅadｌy,siｌｌｙ，orderlｙ, ｔimely等。?1）close接近地 clｏseｌy仔细地,密切地?2）ｆｒeｅ免费地ｆreｅly自由地,无拘束地 3)harｄ努力地 hardlｙ几乎不 4)lａte 晚，迟lately 近来?5)most 极，非常ｍostｌy主要地?6）widｅ广阔地，充分地 wideｌy广泛地?７)ｈiｇｈ高 hｉghｌy高度地,非常地 ８)deｅp深,迟 deeｐｌy抽象意义的“深”
同位语从句 一、同位语从句概述 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether和副词how,when,where等。 二、同位语从句点拨 （1）同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，通常不省略。如：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week. （2）同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等词来引导。如：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration. （3）分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。如：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring. （4）后面常跟同位语的词有：doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thoug ht,warning,wish等。注：advice,order,suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位 语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形。如：He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off. 三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 （1）所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特 征。如：The fact that he presented was a strong proof. 他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。（定语从句） The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all. 她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。（同位语从句） （2）在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略， 指物时，可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从 句的作用，它不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替。如: We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. 我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。（同位语从句） The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city. 我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。（定语从句） （3）所修饰的词不尽相同：同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion, order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。 （4）wh-引导词引导同位语从句时，有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。如；
易错题训练（一） 1.You can't expect your brain to do its best _______ you take care of it. A.when B.if C.until D.unless 2._________it is personal conversation or a huge speech,the point of communication is to make ourselves understood. A.Wether B.Weather C.If D.Either 3.You can develop good habits,and you can _____any bad ones you may already have. A.break B.form C.correct D.change 4.---What time does the first train to Beijing leaves? ----Just a minute.I'm just _________. A.staring up B.looking up C.calling up D.picking up 5.Even if you are on the right track,you'll get _________ if you just sit there. A.running over B.run over C.to run over D.to be running over 6.You should______ like a man of action and _____like a man of thought. A.act;act B.think;think C.think;act D.act;think 7.People don't have bad memories.They have perfect memories.They just have a poor system for ____ what is already there. A.explaining B.accessing C.possessing D.storing 8.There is now global competition for growth,which means the US has to constantly ask itself what other countries are doing well and ______. A.what it might adapt B.how it might adapt C.what it might adopt D.how it might adopt 9.You wouldn't expect a car____ well if you left it in the garage for twenty years and then tried____it. A.to function;driving B.functioning;to drive C.functioning;driving D.to function;to drive 10.I_____ you to put your best effort into everything you do. A.praise B.suggest C.hope D.expect 11.We all perform ________ if we are comfortable with our surroundings. A.good B.better C.best D.poorly 12.----Tom,will you be at the party tonight? ---Yes,but I have so much homework to do that I really____. A.can't B.mustn't C.won't D.shouldn't 13.---I hear ______ boys in your school like playing basketball after school. ---Yes, they are sporty. A.quite a lot B.quite a bit C.quite a little D.quite a few 14.---Helen,will you be at the party tonight? ---Yes,they ate sporty. A.can't B.mustn't C.won't D.shouldn't 15.When you learn English ,you need to choose which accent to _____,American or British. A.adopt B.adapt C.attach D.approve 答案：DAABB CBBDD BDDDA
英语定语从句重难点教学案例 定语从句是高中英语语法教学的一个重点，也是难点。说它是重点，因为它始终贯穿于英语教学和运用中。说它是难点，是因为受母语的影响，学生经常会弄错定语从句的位置，主次不分，从而会在运用中出现一些中式英语。还有就是学生对诸多的定语从句的引导词不知如何选取。还有，以往的语法课都会让学生觉得乏味，参与性不强。鉴于以上存在的问题，我特设计了以下的课堂教学。 一、教学分析 1. 教学内容：The Attributive Clause 是语法课。主要介绍由that, which, who, whose, whom, where, when, why ，as 等引导的定语从句。根据学生的实际情况和授课时间，本堂课我只让学生初步掌握that,which,who,where,when,why 引导的定语从句。 2. 教材分析及处理语法课一般都比较枯燥乏味。以往我的语法教学就是列出框框条条，从头讲到尾，到头来没有多少学生能听得懂。为了调动学生的积极性和参与性，我改变了以往的做法。我采取了以下做法： （1））课前布置任务。以小组为单位，每个小组找出他们最喜欢的一首中文歌曲。（2））借助多媒体、录音机、光盘等辅助教学设备，使枯燥的语法教学变得 有声有色。 （3））采用翻译法、探究法和学生中心教学法，设计一些合适的活动，使学生 在轻松愉快的活动中了解定语从句，并学会运用定语从句。 3. 教学目标： （1））知识目标：了解由which, that ， who ,where ,when ,why 引导的定语从句。 （2））能力目标：掌握和很好的运用定语从句。 （3））情感目标：了解中西方语言的不同表达方式。从而养成在学习和做事中 要注意观察和比较的习惯。 4 ．教学重点： 1 ）初步了解并能准确翻译由which, that ，who ,where ,when ,why 引导的定语从句。 2）判断定语从句的位置。 5．教学难点：对定语从句引导词的选择。 课堂教学过程 Step I Leading-in （5 分钟） 教师先通过多媒体播放《小芳》的中文歌曲，以吸引学生的注意力，然后问: Do you like this song? Can you try to put the underlined parts into English? （附歌词）
高中英语语法易错题:非谓语动词陷阱题 1. Hｅlｏoked arｏund and cauｇｈｔa maｎ______his hａnd into tｈe pｏcket oｆa passenger. Ａ. put Ｂ. to ｂｅpuｔtiｎg C.to put D．puttｉng 2. Whｅn you’ｒｅlearning to drive, _____＿_ａｇooｄｔｅacher makes ａbig diffeｒence. A.have Ｂ．ｈaｖｉｎｇ C．aｎdｈave Ｄ．ａｎd ｈavｉng 3．I feｌt iｔa great honｏur＿___＿_ to sｐeak tｏyou. A．to ask B．ａskｉng C.to be asked D. havｉng aｓkｅd 4.I would lovｅ＿__＿＿__ to thｅparｔy lasｔｎiｇht bｕt Iｈaｄtｏworｋeｘtra hourｓtｏfiniｓh a report. A. ｔoｇo B. toｈave gone Ｃ. goinｇ D. having ｇoｎｅ 5．Before ｙｏu decide to leave ｙour jｏb, _＿＿_＿__ the effect it ｗiｌl havｅｏｎｙoｕr faｍiｌy. A．conｓidｅrＢ. ｃoｎsｉdｅｒｉng C. tｏｃｏnsider D. considered 6．Rｏberｔis said____＿_＿ａbｒｏad, ｂut I dｏn’t ｋnｏw what cｏu ｎtry he sｔudｉed in. Ａ. to have stｕdied B. to studｙ C．to be stｕdying D．to haｖｅbeen studying 7. It is saiｄｔhat ｉn Aｕstralia ｔhere ｉｓｍore land than the governｍenｔｋnows ______＿. A.it wｈaｔto do with B.whａt to do ｉｔwitｈ C. what to doｗｉth iｔD．to do what witｈit 8. Ａnyone ______＿ｂａｇｓ，bｏxes, ｏr ｗhａtｅver,was stoｐpｅd by the ｐoliｃe. A. seen ｃaｒry B．seｅn caｒrying Ｃ. ｓaｗto cａｒｒy D. saw carryｉｎｇ 9．MｒReeｄmade up his ｍind to dｅｖote aｌl he had ｔo_＿_＿＿__ some
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
突破定语从句重难点 定语从句对于高中学生而言一直是一个重点，更是高考中的热点。但在学习过程中学生没有办法准确的掌握。主要原因是该知识点内容繁杂，同时学生还必须掌握一定的句子结构分析的基本知识。为使学生更容易掌握定语从句的知识点本文作者将定语从句中的疑难点及高考中的常考点进行了总结，并配以例句讲解及适量练习题以利于学生更好理解和掌握。 . Practice Ⅰ运用所学选择正确关系词 1. when I arrived ，Bryan took me to see the house ____ I would be staying. A. What B. when C. where D. which 2. He wrote a letter _____ he explained what had happened in the accident. A. What B. which C. where D. how 3. By 16：30，____ was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. Which B. when C. what D. that 4. I can never forget the day ____ we worked together and
the day ____ we spent together. A. when；which B. which ；when C. what；that D. on which；when 【难点提示1】只能用that的情况 1. That’s the most expensive hotel th at I’ve ever stayed in. 2. That’ll be the last thing that I’ll do to you. 3. The ship was the first one that ever sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. 4. The scientists and his achievements that you told me about are admired by bus all. 5. Who is the man that is standing over there？ 6. Which of the books that have beautiful colors are on how to learn English？ 7. I don’t agree with everything that you said at the meeting. 1. This is the only book____ I can find. 2. All the apples ______ fell down from the trees were eaten up by the pigs. 3. I always miss the teachers and the kindergarten _____ my parents often talk about. 【难点提示2】Whose引导的定语从句可改写为 the+ n.+of which / whom +定语从句
高中英语语法易错题：短语动词陷阱题 1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s. A. turned out B. turned up C. set out D. set up 2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway. A. gave off B. gave up C. gave away D. gave out 3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one. A. work over B. work out C. work up D. work i n 4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new scho ol was ______ in the village last year.” A. held up B. s et up C. sent up D. brought up 5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone. A. give up B. put up C. hang up D. ring up 6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished. A. die down B. die out C. die away D. die off 7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. A. taken off B. taken down C. taken up D. taken away 8. The p lan ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作). A. broke down B. pulled down C. turned down D. put down 9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children. A. asked for B. called for C. looked for D. paid for 10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure. A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up 11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise. A. put up with B. get rid of
高中英语定语从句几个难点的教学 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）即从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句是高中语法的重要组成部分，也是历年高考考查的重点。虽然学生在初中就已经初步接触了定语从句，但是由于定语从句的关系词有多样性，先行词比较复杂，且从句本身的位置非常灵活的特点，所以学生会遇到很到让他们感到束手无策的定语从句问题。在笔者的教学实践中发现，大多数学生在关系词的确定，as既能引导限定性定语从句也能引导非限定性定语从句，“名词/代词/数词/比较级或最高级+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句及定语从句和其它从句的区别上等方面困惑较大。本文从以上几个方面进行反思。 一：引导定语从句的关系词的确定 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, 和as。引导定语从句的关系副词有where, when, 和why。学生的困惑就在于碰到地点，时间，还有原因类的先行词时，就不知道是用关系代词还是关系副词了。例如： Group1：a) Is this the factory you visited last week? b) Is this the factory your father worked ten years ago? Group2：a) The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten. b) The day she played with us was never to be forgotten. 要准确地解决上面的两组问题，只要弄清楚一点，即关系词在定语从句中所充当的句 通过分析上面四个定语从句，我们很快就可以找出正确答案。Group1: a) that/which b) where Group2: a) that/which b) when 二：as既能引导限定性定语从句也能一道非限定性定语从句 学生对非限定性定语从句掌握得最好的是which引导的非限定性定语从句。as虽然在高中课本中和各类考题中都有出现，但教材上的语法归纳却涉及很少，是学生在定语从句学习中的一个盲点。但是as引导的定语从句也不难掌握。
高中英语语法易错题：非谓语动词陷阱题 1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having 3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
高中英语语法口诀 高中阶段的语法知识在现行的教材中分布得较分散、零碎，学生学起来颇感吃力，难以记牢。一般说来，学习语法知识的途径很多，但教学中常用的主要有如下二种：一是通过教师的讲解，对所学语法规则的概念、结构，用法有个确切的了解；二是通过大量的练习，在英语实践中正确、熟练地掌握语法规则的用法。仔细惦量这两种方法，其实都强调了同一个极其重要的东西，即是“记忆”。记忆的方式、方法很多，诸如分类记忆法，直观形象记忆法、奇持联想记忆法，特征记忆法等等。这里，笔者主要从词法与句法两大块对巧记英语语法作些阐述。 一、词法 （一）巧记名词变复数的规则： 单数变为复数式，一般词尾加-s； 下列句词词尾后，要加-s先加-e。 发音[f]、[t]、[s]和[z]，或是某些辅音加-o时。 有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意。 y前字母是辅音，一律变y为-ies. 遇到f和fe，有时需要变-ves. 少数名词不规则，特殊情况要强记。 说明： 1．名词变复数形式，一般在词尾加-s. eg:bag-bagsbanana-bananasbird-birdspen-pens,.... 2．词尾发音为[f,ts,z]的名词（即以字母sh,ch,s,x结尾者）在变复数时，要在词尾加-es，eg:watch-watches,box-boxes,bus-buses,etc) 3．若词尾字母o的前面是辅音字母，变为复数时，有些加-es，eg:hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,patato-patatoes,tomato-tomatoes.这四个词可组成一句话来记忆：HeroesandNegroeseatpotatoesandtomatoes（英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿。简为二人吃二菜。） 但有些以o结尾的名词则加-s，eg:photo–photoes,piano–pianos等。 4．若词尾字母y前加的是辅音字母时，变为复数，首先把y变为i，再加-es,eg:family–families,city-cities,baby–babies等，但若词尾y前为元音字母时，则可直接加-s,eg:day-days,boy-boys
高中英语知识点扫描大全最新 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1.The factory was built in a secret place, around high mountains. A.which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A 或B，将A、B 中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1)Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around some fruit shops. A.which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2)The murder happened in an old building, beside the city police station. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3.David is such a good boy all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that…，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C 的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 4.The buses, most of were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1)His house, for (2)Ashdown forest, through he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer. A.that B. it C. them D. which