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最新人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4SectionA教材全解

最新人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4SectionA教材全解
最新人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4SectionA教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4SectionA教材全解

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.

Unit 4 Section A教材全解

1.Don’t arrive late for class.上课不要迟到。

【重点注释】①这句是祈使句的否定形式(Don’t +行为动词原形+其他),用于表达命令、请求等。祈使句可以表达说话人的意愿、请求、叮嘱、号召、命令或建议,它的主语(听话人)通常省略,谓语动词用原形,句子末尾用感叹号或句号。例如:Don’t throw the ball like that.不要那样扔球。

②arrive late for与be late for同义,都表示“做某事迟到”。arrive late for侧重到达的时间晚,be late for侧重状态。例如:Don’t arrive late for the meeting next time.=Don’t be late for the meeting next time.下次开会别迟到了。

③arrive不及物动词,意为“到达,抵达,来到”,不能直接跟名词作宾语,但可以接介词at或in,构成短语“arrive at/in+地点(at+小地方,arrive at the bus stop;in+大地方,arrive in Beijing)”,意为“到达……”;arrive后若是here,there,home 等地点副词,则不需要加in或at等介词(arrive here/there/home)。例如:He arrives at the bus stop at 8 o’clock every morning.他每天早晨8点到达公共汽车站。When did you arrive in Beijing?你什么时候到北京的?I arrive home at 4:00 in the afternoon.我下午4点钟到家。

【辨析记忆】arrive,reach与get

①arrive和get都是不及物动词,前者较正式,后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可直接接宾语,但可直接接here,there,home之类的表地点的副词作状语。例如:What time does the train arrive?火车什么时候到?We got /arrive here last night.我们昨晚到这儿的。

②要表示“到达某地”,需借助适当介词:arrive之后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或in(一般用于较大的地方),而get 之后通常接介词to。例如:We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们到车站晚了5分钟。They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周一到达巴黎。When we got to the park,it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

③reach通常是及物动词,(较get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。reach之后也可接here,there,home等词。例如:He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨晚到达北京。When did he reach home yesterday?昨天他什么时候到家?[注意]reach除可表示到达某地外,还用于其他意义的到达。例如:Your letter reached me last week.我是上周收到你的信的。He reached school age.他已达到上学

——Sorry,I don’t know.

A.get

B.arrive at

C.reach

(get为不及物动词,表示到达某地时用get to,故排除A;arrive为不及物动词,arrive at后接小地点,arrive in后接大地点,由空格后Shanghai(上海)可排除B;reach为及物动词,后可直接跟地点,答案:C。)

2.You must be on time.你一定要守时(你必须准时)。

【重点注释】①must为情态动词,意为“必须,务必,一定”。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。例如:You must read a book before you watch TV.

【拓展记忆】①must用于否定句时,mustn’t意为“千万不要,禁止”,而不表示“不必”。例如:You mustn’t be late for school.你千万不要上学迟到。②以must 开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用needn’t或don’t have to,但不能用mustn’t(一定不,不允许,不得。如:You mustn’t smoke in the office.你不得在办公室吸烟。)。例如:——Must I clean all the rooms?我必须打扫所有的房间吗?——No,you needn’t/don’t have to.不,你不必。[该句肯定回答:Yes,you must.是的,你必须(马上打扫)。]

【试题链接】We be carefull when we’re walking across the road.There’re too many cars now.

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.could

(can“能,能够”;may“可以”;must“必须,一定”;could“可能”。由句意“当我们过马路的时候必须小心,现在有太多车。”可知C项符合题意。)

②on time为固定短语,表示“按时;准时”,指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事;而in time表示“及时”,指不迟到或在规定时间之前或接近所规定的时间做某事。例如:We must arrive there on time.我们必须按时到达那里。At last,we reached the factory in time.最后,我们及时到达了工厂。We were in just in time for the bus.我们正好赶上了汽车。The train came on time.火车整点到站。

3.Don’t run in the hallways.不要在走廊里奔跑。

【重点注释】此句是祈使句的否定形式。祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝说、建议等语气的句子。在祈使句中,通常省略第二人称主语you。其肯定句式以动词原形开头,否定句式是在动词原形前加don’t。常在句首或句末加please以示礼貌。句末用please时,前面通常加逗号。例如:Stop talking!停止谈话!Don’t play football in the street.不要在街上踢足球。Come in ,please./Please come in.请进来。Please don’t stand up./Don’t stand up,please.请不要站起来。

4.Don’t listen to music in class.不要在课堂上听音乐。

【重点注释】①listen to music意为“听音乐”,其中listen为不及物动词,其后接宾语时,要加介词to。例如:Listen!The girl is singing.听!那个女孩正在唱歌。Listen to the teacher carefully,please.请认真听老师讲课。Do you usually listen to music?你是不是经常听音乐呢?

下课后)。例如:Do you listen to your teacher carefully in class?你在课上认真听老师讲课吗?Let ’s talk about the singer after class.让我们课下讨论那个歌手吧。

【拓展记忆】in the class 意为“在这个班”。例如:There are forty students in the class.这个班有40个学生。类似的用法还有:in hospital 住院—in the hospital 在医院里 at table 吃饭—at the table 在桌子旁

5.Don ’t fight.不要打架。

【重点注释】①fight 此处作动词,意为“打架,争吵”,过去式是fought 。例如:Stop fighting,you two.你们两个人,别打了!②fight 还可作名词,意为“打架,战斗(力),斗志”,have a fight 打架,have a fight with sb.和……打架,win/ lose a fight 赢得/失去战斗。例如:Tom had a fight with his brother yesterday.昨天汤姆和他弟弟打架了。They had a fight last night.昨晚他们打了一架。

fight about the toys.这两个男孩常因这些玩具而争吵。We must fight with you.我们必须和你们一起并肩战斗。Why do you sometimes fight with others?你为什么有时和别人打架?I ’ll fight against you.我会反抗你。

6.Sorry,Ms.Clark.对不起,克拉克女士。

【重点注释】①sorry 意为“对不起”,用于犯错误后或不能满足对方要求等时表示歉意。例如:Sorry,I

’m late.=I ’m sorry I ’m late.对不起,我迟到了。Sorry,I can ’t help you.对不起,我不能帮你。I feel sorry for him.对于他,我觉得很抱歉。②Ms.意为“女士”,用于姓氏前面,是对婚姻状况不明的女子的称呼。

7.——What are the rules?规章制度是什么?

——Well,we can’t arrive late for class.We must be on time.

噢,我们上课不能迟到。我们必须守时。

【重点注释】rule名词,意为“规则,规章”。school rules校规,class rules班规,family rules家规,break the rules违反规定,obey/follow the rules遵守规定。

【拓展记忆】ruler名词,意为“尺子”。

8.wear a hat戴帽子

【重点注释】wear为及物动词(同音词where;动词形式wear-wears-wearing-wore),意为“穿着;戴着”,表示状态。例如:He wears a black T-shirt.他穿着一件黑色的T恤衫。She likes wearing a red hat.她喜欢戴一顶红色的帽子。

【拓展记忆】put on意为“穿上;戴上”,强调穿、戴的动作;“be in+颜色/衣服”意为“穿着……颜色的衣服”,表示穿的状态(wear)。例如:It’s cold outside.Put on your coat,please.外面冷,请穿上你的外套。She is in red=She wears a red chothes.她穿着红色的衣服。

9.listen to music outside.在外面听音乐。

【重点注释】outside由out+side构成,此处用作副词,意为“在外面”,反义词inside意为“在室内,在……里面”。例如:It sonws outside外面下了雪。Let’s go outside.咱们到外面去吧。Don’t stay inside all the time.Let’s go outside to play.别一直呆在屋里。让我们到外面玩吧。

【拓展记忆】outside的其他用法:1)用作形容词,意为“外面的”。例如:an outside toilet户外厕所。Outside workers need warm clothes in winter.冬天,户外作业的工人需要暖和的衣服。2)用作介词,意为“在……外面;向……外面”。There is a new car outside the house.房子外边有一辆新车。You can park your car outside our house.你可以把汽车停在我们房子的外面。3)用作名词,意为“外部,外表”。例如:the outside of the house房子的外部。The outside of the house is red.这个房子的外表是红色的。

10.This is very important.这是非常重要的。

【重点注释】①inportant是形容词,意为“重要的”,常与连系动词be连用作表语,放在be后面,其前面也常加very来修饰,表示“非常重要”。常用句型为“It is important for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是重要的;某人做某事重要”。例如:Rules are very important here.这里规则非常重要。It is very important for us to learn English well.对我们来说,学好英语是很重要的。②important也可作定语,放在所修饰的名词前面。例如:There is an important meeting this afternoon.今天下午有一个重要的会议。This is a very important meeting.这是一个非常重要的会议。.I have an important thing to do.我有一件重要的事情要做。③important的名词是importance,意为“重要性”。be of importance=be important 一般可通用。She doesn’t know the importance of math.她不知道数学的重要性。

11.Can we bring music players to school?我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗?

【重点注释】①本句为含有情态动词can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用:Yes,…can.否定回答用:No,…can’t.。can在此处表示许可,意为“可以”。例如:We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.我们不能在走廊里听音乐,但我们可以在外面听。

【拓展记忆】can还有以下用法:1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。例如:We can speak a little English.我们会说一点儿英语。2)表示请求,用于疑问句,could比can更委婉。例如:Can you help me with my Chinese?你能帮我学习汉语吗?Could you tell him to call me back?你可以告诉他给我回电话吗?

【试题链接】——Dad,the bread is not enough.I am still hungry. I have something more?

——But there’s nothing in the fridge now.

A.Must

B.Need

C.Will

D.Can

(must“一定,必须”;need“需要”;will“将要”;can“可以,能”。由“I am still hungry.”可知下句为“我可以再吃点吗?”,故选D。)

②bring及物动词,意为“带来;取来”常与here连用;其反义词是take,意为“拿走;带走”,常与there,away(take away拿走,带走)连用。短语:bring sth./sb.to …意为“把某物/某人带(来)到……”;take sth./sb.to …意为“把某物/某人带(去)到……”。例如:Why don’t you bring your camera to the party?你为什么不把你的照相机带来参加聚会?She brought her friend to the party.她带着朋友来参加聚会。Please take these books to the libruary.请把这些书带到图书馆。Take your umbrella with you when you go.你走时带上你的伞。

【一言辨异】Take this empty box away and bring me a full one.把这个空盒子拿走,给我拿个满的来。

Please bring your

family photo here.

His father often

takes him to the zoo on

weekends.

The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. Please fetch some chairs from the next room. 对那个男孩来说,这个箱子太重了,他搬不动。请到隔壁房间拿几把椅子来(fetch =get) 【试题链接】Why don’t you your friends to the party?I want to meet them.

A.bring

B.brings

C.leaves

D.take

(Why don’t you do sth.?相当于Why not do sth.?故排除B、C两项;bring意为“带来”;take意为“带走”。由句意“你为什么不把你的朋友们带来参加晚会呢?我想见见他们。”知选A。)

12.Oh,and we also have to be quiet in the libruary.

噢,并且我们也不得不在图书馆里保持安静。

【重点注释】①have to意为“不得不,必须”,指客观上要求不得不……,有时态、人称和数的变化。当主语是第三人称单数时,用has to;一般过去时用had to。have to的一般现在时句型结构为:肯定句:主语+have/has to+动词原形……;否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+have to+动词原形……;一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+have to+动词原形……?回答:Yes,主语+do/does.No,主语+don’t/doesn’t. must“必须”,指主观愿望,自觉地去做某事。例如:I must do homework now.我得做作业了(主动自觉去做)。

②quiet形容词,意为“安静的”,通常在句中作定语或表语。其反义词是noisy,意为“吵闹的”。quiet的副词形式是quietly,意为“安静地”。例如:Be quiet,please!请安静!He lives in a quiet place.他住在一个安静的地方。Don’t be noisy.You must be quiet.不要吵,你一定要保持安静。He closed the door quietly.他悄悄地关上了门。I open the door quietly.我悄悄地打开门。

【拓展记忆】1)be quiet相当于keep quiet。例如:I don’t know anything about it so I just kept quiet.我对那事一无所知,所以我一声也没有吭。quite意为“很,非常”,相当于very。

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