附录2
PLC应用于电梯的发展趋势
（PLC）是以计算机技术为核心的通用自动控制装置，在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用。在电梯行业中，PLC的作用得到了充分的体现。本文介绍了PLC控制的五层电梯模型的构成、主要功能、PLC的I/O接口分配、PLC的编程方法及对电梯系统的程序设计等。通过对电梯控制系统的程序设计，实现了电梯的开关门控制以及在电梯运行方式下电梯的呼叫显示、上下行、起动、延时关门、平层、停靠开门、信号排队、顺向截梯和报警等控制功能。通过对软件程序的编译、硬件的连接以及电梯模型与PLC控制系统的联调，使得控制系统在电梯模型运行过程中直观的体现出来，实现了对电梯功能的控制。
21世纪将会发展多用途、全功能的塔式建筑，超高速电梯继续成为研究方向。曳引式超高速电梯的研究继续在采用超大容量电动机、高性能的微处理器、减振技术、新式滚轮导靴和安全钳、永磁同步电动机、轿厢气压缓解和噪声抑制系统等方面推进。采用直线电机驱动的电梯也有较大研究空间。未来超高速电梯舒适感会有明显提高。
电梯是标志现代物质文明的垂直运输工具、是机—电一体化的复杂运输设备。它涉及电子技术、机械工程、电力电子技术、微机技术、电力拖动系统和土建工程等多个科学领域。目前电梯的生产情况和使用数量已成为一个国家现代化程度的标志之一。
本次设计主要将可编程序控制器（PLC）和计算机应用到电梯的控制系统中去，以五层电梯为例来完成单台电梯PLC控制系统的总体设计方案、组成及模块化程序设计。通过三菱FX2N与计算机通信来实现对电梯系统运行的控制。首先确定电梯类型为客货两用梯，电梯载重量为1000千克，梯速为1.5米/秒，曳引电动机的转速为1000转/秒；再根据串联阻抗前后电动机的机械特性，选择合适的电梯速度控制曲线，实现电梯的交流调速；其次是电梯运行控制部分设计，包括轿厢门控制电路、平层控制电路、显示电路、集选控制电路、电梯消防运行回路；输入口计算点为58，输出口计算点数为35，选用三菱FX2-80MRPLC型的PLC，并进行了外围接线设计；最后进行软件编程。
随着经济发展，高层建筑的日益增多，电梯已经成为人们日常生活中不可缺少垂直交通工具。更好的满足用户的要求，开发出高安全性、高可靠性、高效、低能耗、乘坐舒适的电梯，是国内外各电梯生产企业和研究机构的主要目标。其中电梯控制系统的开发是达到以上目标的最重要途径。工业自动化技术的飞速发展为电梯控制系统的技术更新提供了物质基础。不断的将工业控制领域最先进的技术和产品引入到电梯控制中，是电梯行业技术开发最重要和最有效的手段。本文将
可编程计算机控制器——PCC，这一集计算机技术、通讯技术、自动控制技术为一体的工业控制领域的新型工业控制装置，应用于电梯控制中。在对我国电梯行业的技术现状和发展趋势的详细分析的基础上，本文采用B&R 2005 PCC作为电梯的主控制系统，完成了一个12层站集选控制客梯的硬件系统和软件控制程序的设计，利用PCC自身所具备的逻辑运算和数据处理功能，通过适当增加输入／输出点和编制PCC控制程序，使本系统具有对电梯运行进行故障监测和诊断的功能，并进一步介绍了PCC控制系统在电梯的远程监控中的应用。
PLC（可编程控制器）作为一种工业控制微型计算机，它以其编程方便、操作简单尤其是它的高可控性等优点，在工业生产过程中得到了广泛的应用。它应用大规模集成电路，微型机技术和通讯技术的发展成果，逐步形成了具有多种优点和微型，中型，大型，超大型等各种规格的系列产品，应用于从继电器控制系统到监控计算机之间的许多控制领域。随着社会的不断发展，楼房越来越高，而电梯成为了高层楼房的必须设备。电梯从手柄开关操纵电梯、按钮控制电梯发展到了现在的群控电梯，为高层运输做出了不可磨灭的贡献。PLC在电梯升降控制上的应用主要体现在它的逻辑开关控制功能。由于PLC具有逻辑运算，计数和定时以及数据输入输出的功能。在电梯升降过程中，各种逻辑开关控制与PLC很好的结合，很好的实现了对的控制。
可编程控制器是60年代末在美国首先出现的，当时叫可编程逻辑控制器PLC （ProgrammableLogicController），目的是用来取代继电器。以执行逻辑判断、计时、计数等顺序控制功能。提出PLC概念的是美国通用汽车公司。PLC的基本设计思想是把计算机功能完善、灵活、通用等优点和继电器控制系统的简单易懂、操作方便、价格便宜等优点结合起来，控制器的硬件是标准的、通用的。根据实际应用对象，将控制内容编成软件写入控制器的用户程序存储器内,使控制器和被控对象连接方便。
70年代中期以后，PLC已广泛地使用微处理器作为中央处理器，输入输出模块和外围电路也都采用了中、大规模甚至超大规模的集成电路，这时的PLC已不再是仅有逻辑(Logic)判断功能，还同时具有数据处理、PID调节和数据通信功能。国际电工委员会(IEC)颁布的可编程控制器标准草案中对可编程控制器作了如下的定义：可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用了可编程序的存储器，用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算，顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过数字式和模拟式的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程控制器及其有关外围设备，易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的设计。
可编程控制器对用户来说，是一种无触点设备，改变程序即可改变生产工艺。目前，可编程控制器已成为工厂自动化的强有力工具，得到了广泛的普及推广应用。
可编程控制器是面向用户的专用工业控制计算机，具有许多明显的特点。
①可靠性高，抗干扰能力强；
②编程直观、简单；
③适应性好；
④功能完善，接口功能强。
PLC的最大特点在于：电气工程帅已不在电气的硬件上花费太多的心计，只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到PLC的输入点上就能解决问题，通过输出点连接接触或继电器来控制人功率的启动设备，而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。
PLC的内部包含了具有中央处理器的CPU，并带有外部I／O口扩展的I／O接口地址和存储器三大块组成，CPU的核心是由一个或多个累加器组成，它们具有逻辑的数学运算能力，并能读取程序存储器的内容通过计算后去驰动相府的存储器和I／O接口；I／O 口将内部累加器和外部的输入和输出系统连接起来，并将利关的数据存入程序存储器或者数据存储器中：存储器可以将I／O 口输入的数据存入存储器中，并在工作时训调转到累加器和I／O接口上，存储器分程序存储器ROM和数据存储器RAM，ROM可以将数据永久的存入存储器巾，而RAM只能作为CPU计算时临时计算使用的缓冲空间。
PLC抗干扰是极其优秀的，我们根本不用去关心它的使用寿命和工作场合的恶劣，这些所自的问题已不再成为我们失败的主题，而留给我们的是关心如何来利用PLC的内部资源为我们加强设备的控制能力，使我们的设备更加的柔性。
PLC的语言并不是我们所想象的汇编语言或C语言来进行编程，而是采用原有的继电器控制的梯形图，使得电气工程师在编写程序时很容易就理解了PLC 的语言，而且很多的非电气专业人士也对PLC很快认识并深入。
附录3
PLC application in the development trend of the elevator
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a common control device which use computer technology as a core, PLC gets a wide range of applications in all walks of life. In the elevator industry, PLC’s role ha s been fully expressed. This paper introduces the PLC-controlled model of a five-story elevator，include it’s composition, main function, the I/O interface distribution of the PLC, the PLC’s programming methods and procedures design of the elevator system. With procedures design of the
elevator control system can achieve the elevator door’s opening and closing control, and the elevater’s indication under the call, moving from top to bottom, starting-up, delay closed, Ping layer, opening the door, making signals in the queue, close to the escalator and alarming control under the mode of the elevator’s operation mode. Through the process of compiling software, hardware connection and the conjunction of elevator model and the PLC control system, which makes the elevator control system model intuitive reflected in the course of operation and realized the elevater’s functional control.
The 21st century will develop multipurpose, full-featured tower building, ultra-high speed elevator continue to become the research direction. Traction type super-fast elevator research continues to super capacity motor, high performance by the microprocessor, damping technology, new roller guide boots and security clamp, permanent magnet synchronous motor, elevator car air pressure relief and noise suppression systems propulsion. Using the linear motor drive there is also a greater research space elevator. Future super-fast elevator intimacy will have increased significantly.
Elevator iWith economic development, the increasing number of high-rise buildings, elevators have become indispensable in daily life the vertical transport. Better meet user requirements, development of high security, high reliability, high efficiency, low energy consumption, ride comfort of the elevator, the elevator is the domestic and foreign enterprises and research institutions the main objective.Elevator control system which was developed to achieve these objectives, the most important ways. The rapid development of industrial automation technology for the elevator control system technology update provides the material base. Continue to be the most advanced areas of industrial control technology and products introduced to the elevator control, elevator industry, technology development is the most important and effective means.This article programmable computer controller - PCC, the computer technology, communication technology, automatic control technology for the integration of new areas of industrial control industrial control device, used in the lift control.In China's elevator industry, technology status and development trend of the detailed analysis, based on this paper, B & R 2005 PCC as the elevator's main control system, completed a 12-storey station set selective control passenger elevators in the hardware and software control program design , the use of PCC its own has the logic operation and data processing functions, through appropriate increase in input / output point and the preparation of PCC control procedures, so that the system has run for the elevator fault monitoring and diagnosis functions, and further information on the PCC control system Elevator Remote
Monitoring.s in close connection with the machinery of large-scale electrical machinery and electronic products. Mainly by the room, Wells Road, Car, door systems and electrical control system. Accompanied by the development of the construction industry, to provide for the construction of the elevator up and down traffic and transport industries are developing rapidly. Elevator is not only an important link in the production of equipment, but also a life of work and the necessary equipment, can be expected that, with the development of society, elevator products in people's material and cultural life and the car will be has become one of the important transportation equipment.
The design mainly PLC (PLC) and computer application to the elevator control system, and to five-story elevator as an example to complete a single lift PLC program control system design, composition and modular program design . Mitsubishi FX2N through computer communications and to achieve operation of the elevator control system
PLC (programmable controller) takes one industrial control microcomputer, it is convenient by its programming, simplicity of operator its merits and so on high controllability, obtained the widespread application particularly in the industrial production process. It applies the large scale integrated circuit, the miniature machine technology and the mechanics of communication development achievement, formed gradually had many kinds of merits and miniature, medium, large-scale, the ultra-large type and so on each kind of specification's serial products, applied to monitors between computer's many control domain from the black-white control system. Along with society's unceasing development, the building is getting higher and higher, but the elevator became the high-level building to the equipment. The elevator from the handle switch operation elevator, the push-button control elevator develops to present's group control elevator, has made the indelible contribution for the high-level transportation. PLC mainly manifests in the elevator cuing control's application in its logical switch control function. Because PLC has the logic operation, counting and fixed time as well as data feeds output function. In the elevator rises and falls in the process, each logical switch control and the PLC very good union, very good have realized to the fluctuation the control.
This article main discussion studies uses Simens in the S7-200 PLC to carry on the control to elevator's fluctuation, forms the lift control system.
PLC Introduction Programmable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc programmable logic controller (ProgrammableLogicController) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgement, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The
concept is presented Plc General Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target. In the mid-1970s, the Plc has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgement functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition : programmable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes. Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features. First, high reliability, anti-interference capability; Second programming visual, simple; Third, adaptability good; ④functional improvements, strong functional interface PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language orlanguage of Cs to cany on weaving the distance, but The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher alreadyno longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order theimportation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link thePLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine orcontrol the start equipments of the big poweraftertheelectricappliances,butthe exportation equipments direct conjuuctiou of the small power can.
PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/O forexpand of exterior to connect a people's address and saving machine three big piecesto constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute,mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the
proceduresave the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/Os to
connect after pass the calculation; The I/O add inner part is tired the input and outputsystem of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into theprocedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/O input in the saving machine, and in workadjusting to becometired to add the machine and |10s to connect, saving machine separately savingmachine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and datas, the ROM can can dodeposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU
computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.
The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern itsservice life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longerbecome the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipmentsfor us, make our equipments more gentle. the trapezoid diagram that theadoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehendedthe PLC language, and a lot of non electricity professional also very quickly knowand go deep into to the PLC.