第五讲：名词性从句
导读
精析
I.名词性从句知识清单
A. 名词性从句的种类与判断
1. She wondered if the bus would still be running.
We are interested in what he said.
这是_____ 从句，位于_____词或___词后。
2. That the earth is round is known to us all.
It is believed that pleasant smell can reduce pain.
这是_____ 从句，常位于_____。可以用it作形式主语。
3. The question is whether we can get to the bus stop on time.
This is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
这是_____ 从句，位于_____词后。
4. The news that we have won the match excited us.
We feel surprised by the fact that he is a thief.
这是_____ 从句，位于少数_____词后，如news, fact, possibility等。这个从句就是前面被修饰名词的内容。
B. 名词性从句的连词
They said that they have stayed here for a long time.
She asked if / whether I can solve the problem for her.
I don’t know where he comes from.
Can you tell me who is your English teacher?
Can you tell me what you like?
结论：名词性从句的连词有_______ （无含义，不作成分）
_______ （有含义“______ ”，不作成分）
______ （有含义，即该疑问词的含义，并作成分）
牛刀小试
1. The problem is not ___ we leave, but ____ we can get there.
A. when; how
B. when; where
C. how; which
D. where; when
2. The reason why he was late was ____ he had taken a wrong bus.
A. because
B. whether
C. because if
D. that
3. I am not quite sure ____ he will come or not ?
A. when
B. what time
C. weather
D. whether
4. We were all very worried over the fact _____ you were ill.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. about which
if 与whether的区别：
Whether we’ll go there is not divided. ( )
If we’ll go there is not divided. (X )
The question is whether we can get there on time. ( )
The question is if we can get there on time. (X)
He asked the question whether the work was worth doing. ( )
He asked the question if the work was worth doing. ( X )
I’m thinking about whether we will have a meeting. ( )
I’m thinking about if we will have a meeting. ( X )
I don’t know whether or not he will come. ( )
I don’t know if or not he will come.( X )
结论：放句首的______从句，______从句和______从句都不用if,只用whether.且在引导宾语从句时，_____后或与______ 连用时都只用whether.
1. It depends on ______ we have enough time.
A. if
B. weather
C. if or not
D. whether
2. ______ you go or stay at home won't make any difference.
A. If
B. When
C. That
D. Whether
3. It doesn’t matter ________I rest or not. A .if B. whether C. that D. when
C. 名词性从句的语序
1. Can you tell me sth.? How old are you?
Can you tell me how old you are?
2. My question is it. Can you finish your work on time.
My question is whether you can finish your work on time?
3. The truth is it. He runs 30 minutes every day.
The truth is that he runs 30 minutes every day.
结论：名词性从句的语序是_________语序，即连词+_____+谓语+….
牛刀小试
1. Please find out when ____ get to Nanjing.
A. will the train
B. would the train
C. the train will
D. the train would
2. .I wonder how much ____ .
A. does the watch cost
B. did the watch cost
C. the watch costed
D. the watch cost
3. This is ______ .
A. how did they get to the city
B. how they got to the city
4. Nobody but Jim and his uncle _____. A. knows who is he B. knows who he is
D. that与what的用法区别
They said that they have stayed here for 2 weeks.
I can’t understand what he said. （what作从句中said的____）
We know what is important to us. （what作从句的____ ）
He is no longer what he used to be. （what作从句中be的___ _）
结论：___不作成分，无含义; ____ 作主语、宾语或表语。议成“…的东西/人”. 牛刀小试
1.You can eat ____ you like.
2. Don’t give children ____ they want.
3. ___he gave to us is not cheap.
4. We all know ___ the earth is round.
5. The reason for his success is _______ he worked hard.
A. why
B. that
C. what
D. for
6. ____he doesn't like them is very clear.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. Where
7. The fact ________ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. which
8. The mountain is no longer ________it used to be.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. what
9. To tell you the truth, this is _____ in the world.
A. which I have
B. that I have
C. what I have
D. whether I have
E. it作形式主语或形式宾语
1. That English will keep on change is certain.
= It is certain that English will keep on change.
2. When we can set off depends on the weather.
= It depends on the weather when we can set off.
3. To learn English well is important to us.
= It is important to us to learn English well.
为避免句子头重脚轻，常用____做形式主语，把真正的主语（主语从句或不定式）后置。
it作形式主语常用固定句型：
1.It is certain that ….. 明天他们一定会来这。____________________________.
2.It seems that …. Tom似乎对汉语很感兴趣的。
________________________________________.
3. It happens that…我碰巧在学校门口当我父亲来看我时。
_________________________________________.
4. It is said that ….. 据说他去过英国。
________________________________________.
5. It takes sb. Time to do sth. “做某事花费某人多少时间“
每天上学花费我半个小时。_________________________________.
6. It is +形容词(for sb. )to do sth.
学好英语对于我们来说是重要的。___________________________.
it作形式宾常用固定句型：
主语make/ find/ think/ feel+ it + adj./ n/ + 真正的宾语。
e.g. We make it a rule to run every day.
主语hate/ like/ appreciate + it + 宾语从句。
e.g. I hate it when people speak with mouth full.
牛刀小试
1. It is probable ________ he told her everything.
A. who
B. which
C. why
D. that
2. ________ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday.
A. It says
B. It is said
C. It has said
D. He is said
3.Most of us found ______ difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
A. this
B. which
C. what
D. it
4. The kind-hearted woman made _______ her duty to look after all the old people there.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
拓展
1. Don’t always believe him. Sometimes ___ he doe s is quite different from what he says. A. what B. that C. how D. who
2. This has made _______ possible for us to catch up with the developed countries.
A that
B it
C us
D our country
3. ________ we'll go for a summer camp at the seaside hasn't been decided yet.
A Who
B Why
C Whether
D What
4. --What do you think of your job, Lin Tao?
--Wonderful! ______ is an honor to serve the guests from around the world at the Expo.
A This
B It
C Its
D That
5. It’s not easy _____ a best friend in a new place.
A find
B finds
C finding
D to find
6.I hope _____ every one of us will be OK in the exam.
A whose
B whether
C what
D that
7. _____ you said just now has really hurt my feelings.
A That
B Why
C When
D What
8 . _____ is difficult for us to understand old English today.
A It
B That
C There
D This
9. It depends on ______ we have enough time.
A. if
B. weather
C. if or not
D. whether
10. What we have seen is different from _______.
A. we heard
B. we have heard
C. what we heard
D. what we have heard
11. It's well known ______ the earth moves round the sun.
A. when
B. why
C. what
D. that
12. . ____he doesn't like them is very clear.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. Where
13. The fact ________she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. which
14. .I know nothing about her except ________she is from Canada.
A. how
B. when
C. that
D. why
15. ______ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.
A. That
B. He
C. What
D. It
16. The fire destroyed ________was in the building.
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
必备英语名词性从句复习含答案解析 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．____ made me more unhappy was ___ the boy asked my friend to be his girlfriend and she agreed. A. What; that B. That ; that C. What; whether D. It; that 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我更不高兴的是那个男孩要求我的朋友做他的女友，她同意了。第一空填what,它一方面在句子中引导主语从句,另一方面又在主语从句中作主语；第二空用that引导表语从句且从句中不缺成分,表示对前面情况的说明。故选A。 【点评】考查了名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句以及that引导的表语从句。 2．_____ is known to us all is that China has launched Shenzhou VII spaceship, ____ made the country's first spacewalk successful. A. That; what B. What; which C. It; which D. As; that 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：众所周知，中国已经发射了神州7号宇宙飞船，这是中国首次成功的太空行走。第一空处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，需用what引导；第二空所在句子是个定语从句，先行词为整个主句的内容，从句中缺少主语，需用which引导。故选B。【点评】考查名词性从句和定语从句，本题涉及主语从句和非限制性定语从句的应用。 3．_______ is troubling me is ______ I don't understand ________ he said A. What; that; what B. What; what; what C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我烦恼的是我不明白他说的话。第一空是主语从句，从句中缺主语，要用What；第二空是表语从句，从句不缺成分，所以要填that；第三空是宾语从句，从句中的动词understand缺宾语，要填what。故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及主语从句，表语从句和宾语从句的应用。 4．It matters little ______ a man dies, but _____ matters much is ______ he lives. A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一个人如何死去并不重要，重要的是他如何生活。it为形式主语，how从句为真正的主语。What matters much （=the thing that matters much）。第一个how引导的是一个主语从句；it作形式主语；what引导的是主语从句；第二个how引导的是表语从句。故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及主语从句和表语从句的应用。
宾语从句专项练习 一、选择填空： ( ) 1. It's so dark. I can't find out ______ it's a boy ______ a girl. A. if, and B. that, and C. either, or D. whether, or ( ) 2. Could you tell me if he ______ to Shanghai? A. has gone B. had gone C. went D. go ( ) 3. He told me ______ she would catch the early bus. A. which B. whether C. why D. that ( ) 4. Mrs. Green asked me ______ I would go with her. A. what B. which C. why D. that ( ) 5. I don't know ______ the coat _____ cheap enough. A. if, is B. where,were C. that ,was D. if, were ( ) 6. Call you tell me why ______ yesterday? A. you didn't come B. did you not come C. didn't you come D. you don't come ( ) 7. He said that they ______ Yunnan. A. have been to B. had gone to C. have gone to D. has gone to ( ) 8. Jack isn't sure _____ students there are in his class. A. how many B. what C. which D. whether ( ) 9. Can you tell me ______ yesterday? A. what they do B. what they did C. what do they do D. what did they do ( ) 10. I want to know ______ his homework yesterday evening. A. if he finished B. whether he had finished C. had she finished D. has she finished ( ) 11. Do you know what ______ this time yesterday? A. they are doing B. are they doing C. they were doing D. were they doing ( ) 12. Excuse me, can you tell me _____ ？ A. why was the train late B. why the train was late C. why is the train late D. why the train is late ( ) 13. Do you know where _______ ? Someone is looking for him. A. he is B. he was C. is he D. was he ( ) 14. He wanted to know how long ______ in hospital. A. she is staying B. she had stayed C. did she stay D. she stay ( ) 15. My brother said he ______ going _______ his friend the next day. A. was, to meet B. would go, has C. will go, was going to D. will go, will ( ) 16. He told me that he ______ to London the next day. A. would go B. go C. went D. has gone ( ) 17. He said that light _____ much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. is traveling ( ) 18. Our teacher said that the moon ______ around the earth.
英语语法: 英语从句完全汇总 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
（英语）中考英语总复习--英语名词性从句含解析 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．_________ is known to all is that the earth is smaller than the sun. A. As B. What C. It D. Which 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：众所周知，地球比太阳还小。复合句的主语是一个名词性从句，从句没有引导词和主语，表示“所……的（事）”，故用what引导，其双重作用，故选B。【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 2． is clear to the members of the committee is that the President will not give in to their demands. A. Who B. It C. As D. What 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：委员会成员清楚的是，总统不会向他们的要求让步。that the President will not give in to their demands.这个句子作表语； is clear to the members of the committee这是主语从句，这里缺少主语从句的连接词，并且连接词在句中作主语，it是代词，不是了；连接词，故排除B；as作主语时，是在定语从句中，故排除C；who指人，根据表语指的事情，不是人，故排除A；what在主语从句中可以作主语或宾语，指事，符合句意，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 3．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 4．Has it been announced ______? A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意: 飞机什么时候起飞已经宣布了吗？此处是when引导的主语从句，且要用陈述句语序，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，it作形式主语，关系副词when引导的从句作真正的主语。
2012-2014 年高考题型汇编之单选---宾语从句 24. ______________________________________ Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecom mentbutfelt ____________________________________ hecouldhaveexpresseditdif ferently. （2012 北京） A. why A. when B. how B. how C. that C. that D. whetherD. whether 17. Scientists study _____ human brains work to make computers（. 2012 四川） 25. —Do you think Mom and Dad late? —No. Swiss Air is usually on time（. 2013 北京） A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been 33. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A. whyB. whereC. thatD. what 26. Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue（. 2013 课标） A. whichB. whereC. howD. what 30. It ' s good to know ______ the dogs will be well cared for while we （2013山东） A. what B. whose C. which D. that 16. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are betterthan anyone else on the sports field.（2013 浙江） A. how B. that C. which D. whether
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) 1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。 Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . I’m not sure whether he will come or not. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can?t say whether or not he will come on time c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。 特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. E.g. …What do you want?? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don?t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I?m sorry to hear that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didn?t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose(一般指人),that（指人或物）,which(指物)等。 关系副词有：when（时间）,where(地点),why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ①who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Ishethemanwho/that wantstosee you 他就是你想见的人吗（who/that在从句中作主语） Heistheman(whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ②whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover（封面）isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.（which/that在句中作宾语） Thisisthebook(that/which)I'mlookingfor.（which/that在句中作lookfor的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ①when,where,why 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如： Doyouremembertheday when Isawyou(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijingistheplace where（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereason why（forwhich）herefusedouroffer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ②that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
状语从句 状语从句分类及常用连词：时间状语从句：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as, etc. 地点状语从句：where, wherever 原因状语从句：because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 目的状语从句：in order that, so that, that, etc. 结果状语从句：so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 条件状语从句：if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比较状语从句：as…as, so…as, than, etc. 方式状语从句：as, as if, as though, etc. 相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“why” as较强前“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that “以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态 动词表结果。 so…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋many/much＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that 4.though, although, as, though, although在句首表“尽管”两者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。 下列情况只能用though： ▲as though (=as if);even if (=even though)
英语名词性从句知识点复习 一、概述 在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。(主语从句) The trouble is that she has lost his address. 麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。（表语从句） They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他们不知道他去什么地方了。（同位语从句） Do you remember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么？（宾语从句） 二、语序 名词性从句要采用陈述句语序.。连接词+主语+谓语+其他 三、时态的呼应 名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况： （1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约。 I wonder why Jenny hasn’t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now. 我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。 You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 你对我的新装还没说怎么样呢，喜欢吗？ I’m sorry I didn’t say anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you. 对不起，我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。 （2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前，过去完成时、过去完成进行时或一般过去时。 The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen. 警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷 She said she had been waiting for me for a long time.她说她等了我很长时间。（3）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。 I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。 I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。 （4）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon. 当他宣布他不久就要离职时，我们都很吃惊。 They said they would be listening to a report on current affairs. 他说他们将听关于时事的报告。 （5）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。 Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克问露斯她多大了。 The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老师说太阳从东方升起。 （6）如果主句的谓语动词是suggest,insist,propose,order,command,demand,request,ruquire
2019高考英语：宾语从句（专项练习） 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。 1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 Ifind(that)heisdishonestandthatheoftentelllies. 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“〔should〕+动词原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。 2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： Iwanttoknowwhat hehastold you. Shealwaysthinksofhow shecanwork well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether 与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在以下情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： a.引导主语从句并在句首时； b.引导表语从句时； c.引导从句作介词宾语时； d.从句后有“ornot”时； e.后接动词不定式时。例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.(主从) Thequestioniswhethersheshouldfinishitontime?(表从) Everythingdepends onwhether wehaveenoughmoney.〔宾从〕 Iwonderwhetherhewillcome ornot.〔宾从〕 Canyoutellmewhether togo ortostay?〔宾从〕 4.在宾语从句中，时态要一致： 1〕假设主句是现在时态〔一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时〕，从句可根据需要用在何时态。 【例】heishavingsuppernow. hesawthefilmyesterday. hewillgotoShanghainextweek. IthinkthathewaswatchingTVat7:00lastnight. heoftengoestoworkbybus. hehasreadthemagazinebefore. 2〕假设主句为过去时态〔一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时〕，从句也要用相应的过去时。但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时，不受时态要一致的规那么限制。 【例】1.Hesaidhewillcometoseemenextweek.(false) Hesaidhe would cometoseemenextweek.(true) Hesaidhehasbeenthere.(false) Hesaidhe had beenthere.(true)他说他曾经在这。