一．电气名词Electric items
二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits)
三．设备Equipments
四．保护、继电器Protection , relays
五．电气仪表Electric instruments
六．防雷Lightning protection
七．接地Grounding , earthing
八．室、所Room , Substation
九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair
十．材料Material
十一．图名Drawings , diagrams
十二．表头Tables
十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG
一．电气名词Electric items
交（直）流Alternating (direct) current
短路电流Short-circuit current
起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current
冲击电流Impulse current
稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current
临界电流Critical current
切断电流Rupturing current
熔断电流Blow-out current
故障电流Fault current
计算电流Calculating current
极限有限电流Limit effective current
过电流Over current
逆电流Inverse current
整定电流Setting current
额定电流Rated current
电流密度Current density
短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压High-voltage , High-tension
低压Low-voltage , Low-tension
计算电压Calculating voltage
激磁电压Exciting voltage
冲击电压Impulse voltage
临界电压Critical voltage
残留电压Residual voltage
击穿电压Puncture voltage
脉动电压Pulsating voltage
供电电压Supply voltage
电力电压Power voltage
照明电压Lighting voltage
灯丝电压Filament voltage
额定电压Rated voltage
电压损失Voltage loss
过(欠)电压Over (under) voltage
线路电压Line voltage
电压降Voltage drop
工作电压Working voltage
一次电压Primary voltage
二次电压Secondary voltage
电源Electric source (power supply)
自控电压Power supply for process control
6kV控制闪光电源Flashing supply for 6kV control
工作电源Working power supply (electric source)
保安电源Emergency power supply (electric source) 直流稳压电源Stabilized D.C. source
控制电源Control supply
直流电源D.C. source
交流电源A.C. source
负荷计算Load calculation
设备容量Installed capacity
需要容量Electric demand
功率因数Power factor
安装高度Mounting height
耐电压Breakdown voltage
工频耐压High-voltage test with working frequency 表面闪络Surface flash-over
直流泄漏D.C. leakage
体电阻率Volume resistivity
介质损失角Dielectric loss angle
击穿强度Puncture intensity
电压等级Voltage grade
比重Specific gravity
性能Feature
相序Phase sequence
瞬时Instantaneous
倾角Angle of inclination
跨度Span
正极Positive pole
负极Negative pole
截面(积) Cross section area
辅助电源Auxiliary source
遮断容量Interrupting capacity
载流量Current-carrying capacity
校正系数Correction factor
连续负荷Continuous load
长期载流量Continuous capacity
长时间额定值Longtime rating
电动机堵转电流Locked-rotor motor current
限定负荷Limited load
电感负荷Inductive load
感应电流Induced current
二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits)
母线Bus-bar
合闸电源母线Closing power source bus
闪光母线Flashing-bus
备用母线Spare bus
装在支柱上的插接式母线Post-supported plug-in bus way
装在吊钩上的插接式母线Hook-supported plug-in bus way
装在支架上的插接式母线Bracket-supported plug-in bus way 小母线Miniature bus
电源小母线Power supply miniature bus
操作小母线Operating miniature bus
事故信号小母线Miniature bus for fault signal
闪光小母线Flashing miniature bus
主母线Main bus
直流主母线D.C. main bus
预告母线Prewarning bus
干线Main line
照明干线Lighting main line
接地干线Grounding main line
插座干线Receptacle main line
电压干线Voltage main line
端子出线Terminal outgoing
中性线Neutral
支线Branch-line
引入线Lead-in
电气线路Electric circuit
交流配电线路A.C. distribution circuit
直流配电线路D.C. distribution circuit
事故照明线路Emergency lighting circuit
控制线路Control circuit
接地或接零线路Grounding or neutralizing circuit
信号线路Signal circuit
有接地极的接地线路网Grounding with grounding electrodes
定子绕组测温回路Temperature measuring circuit for stator winding 接地信号回路Grounding signal circuit
闪光信号回路Flashing-signal circuit
开阀回路Circuit for opening valve
关（闭）阀回路Circuit for closing valve
开度计回路Circuit for opening meter
电流测量回路Current-measuring circuit
差动保护回路Differental protective circuit
过流保护回路Over-current protective circuit
合闸回路Closing circuit
停车延时回路Delayed shutdown circuit
掉闸回路Trip circuit
激磁回路Exciting circuit
备用回路Spare circuit
主回路Main circuit
馈路Feeder circuit
现有回路Existing circuit
单线回路Single-wire circuit
接地回路Earthed circuit
有电压的电路Live circuit
三．设备Equipments
高压开关柜H.V. switchgear
动力配电箱Power distribution cabinet
电源配电箱Source distribution cabinet
直流配电屏D.C. switchboard (distribution panel)
交流低压配电屏A.C.L.V. switchboard (distribution panel)
静电电容器柜Static capacitor cabinet
多种电源插销箱Receptacle box for miscellaneous power supplies
控制箱Control cabinet
照明配电箱Lighting (distribution panel)
连接箱Junction box
出线盒Outlet box
开关箱Switch box
控制台Console
分段屏Sectionalizing panel
进线屏Incoming line panel
电控箱Electric control panel
边屏Side board
端子箱Terminal box
供电盘Power supply box
瓶车箱Synchronizing cabinet
感应调压器专用变压器高压柜Special transformer H.V. cabinet for induction voltage regulator
电压互感器柜Potential transformer cabinet
信号屏Signal panel
浮充屏Floating panel
蓄电池屏Battery panel
充电屏Charging panel
母线联络柜Bus tie cabinet
转换开关Transfer switch
电压表转换开关Voltmeter change-over switch
铁壳开关Metal-clad switch (Iron-clad switch)
管式熔断器Cartridge fuse
真空断路器Vacuum circuit breaker (V.C.B.)
自动开关Automatic switch
高压负荷开关H.V. load break switch
三极高压断路器3-pole HV circuit-breaker
刀开关Knife switch
转换开关Transfer switch
双极铁壳开关2-pole iron-clad switch
风扇变速开关Fan speed regulator switch
密闭照明灯开关Hermetic lighting switch
防爆照明灯开关Explosion-proof lighting switch
行程开关Limit switch
高压隔离开关H.V. disconnecting switch
明装单极板钮开关Surface-mounted single-pole toggle switch
暗装单极板钮开关Flush-mounted single-pole toggle switch
三路开关Three-way switch
气密式组合开关Hermetic packet type switch
防护式开关Guard type switch
联锁开关Interlock switch
操作方式选择开关Selecting switch for types of operation
控制电源开关Switch for control supply
主令开关Master switch (controller)
多切点切换开关Multi-point change-over switch
按钮Push-button
控制按钮Control push-button
防爆控制按钮Explosion-proof control push-button
事故紧急按钮Emergency stopping push-button
起动按钮Starting push-button
停止按钮Stopping push-button
现场按钮Push-button in field
挡板damper
音响解除按钮Push-button for sound release
起动器Starter
磁力起动器Magnetic starter
综合起动器Combination starter (Magnetic starter combination)
电力变压器Power transformer
调压变压器Voltage regulating transformer
电压互感器Potential transformer
电流互感器Current transformer
照明变压器Lighting transformer
三相三绕组变压器3-phase tertiary winding transformer
高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer
局部照明变压器Local lighting transformer
多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement
降压变压器Step-down transformer
伺服电动机Servo-motor
双电压电动机Dual-voltage motor
感应电动机Induction motor
交流异步电动机A.C. asynchronous motor
同步电动机synchronous motor
三相滑环感应电动机3-phase slip-ring induction motor
三相鼠笼感应电动机3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor
绕线式电动机Wound-rotor induction motor
反应式电动机Reaction motor
柴油发电机Diesel generator
励磁发电机Excitation generator
明装双极插座Surface-mounted 2-pole receptacle
暗装双极插座Flush-mounted 2-pole receptacle
双极带接地插座2-pole receptacle with grounding contact
单相三孔明插座Surface-mounted single phase 3-pole receptacle
防护式明装三相四孔插座Guard type surface-mounted 3-phase 4-pole receptacle 配照型灯Standard dome lighting fitting
搪瓷深照型灯Enameled high bay lighting fitting
防水防尘灯Water and dust proof lighting fitting
安全灯Safety lighting fitting
隔爆灯Explosion-proof lighting fitting
弯灯Goose-neck light
壁灯Wall light
高压水银灯High pressure mercury vapor lighting fitting
投光灯Flood-light (projection light)
信号灯Signal lamp
天棚灯Ceiling-mounted lighting fitting
局部照明灯Local lighting fitting
灯座Lamp holder
事故照明灯Emergency lighting fitting
高压水银荧光灯H.P. mercury fluorescent lighting fitting
广照型工厂灯Wide lit type industrial fitting
深照型灯具High bay lighting fitting
白炽灯具Incandescent lamp (bulb)
圆球型灯Globe lamp
嵌入式荧光灯flush type fluorescent lighting fitting
红色障碍灯Red obstruction lamp for aviation
厂区道路照明灯Street lighting in plant area
路灯Street lamp
视孔灯Inspection hole lamp
立杆弯灯goose-neck post lamp , pole lamp
模拟报警信号Semigraph and alarm signal
自整角机Selsyn
励磁机Exciter
显示器Display
电位器Potentiometer
内电阻Internal resistance
固定电阻（器）Fixed resistance
脱扣Release , trip
分励Shunt trip
特殊失压脱扣器Special no-voltage release
“或”开关放大器“Or” switch amplifier
制动器Brake
电容Capacitor
整流器Rectifier
镇流器Chock
分流器Shunt
油变阻器Oil immersed rheostat
频敏电阻器Frequency sensitive rheostat
滑线变阻器Sliding rheostat
蜂鸣器Buzzer
电机加热器Space heater (for motor)
空气断路器电机操作机构Motor operating mechanism for air circuit-breaker 可控硅励磁装置Silicon controlled rectifier excitation device
保护装置Protective device (element)
闪光装置Flashing device
接闪装置（避雷器）Lightning arrester
断相保护Phase failure protection
四．保护、继电器Protection , relays
信号继电器Signal relay
过电流继电器Over-current relay
电压继电器Voltage relay
时间继电器Time relay
中间继电器Auxiliary relay
热继电器Thermal relay
温度继电器Temperature relay
瓦斯继电器Gas relay
控制电源中间继电器Auxiliary relay for control supply
自动操作继电器Relay for auto-operation
低电压继电器Under-voltage relay
过电压继电器Over-voltage relay
联锁继电器Interlock relay
冲击继电器Impact relay
合闸位置继电器Close position relay
逆流继电器Reverse-current relay
差流继电器Differential current relay
差动继电器Differential relay
电流继电器Current relay
功率继电器Power relay
接地继电器Earthing relay
重合闸继电器Reclosing relay
同步继电器Synchronous relay
速动继电器Quick acting relay
定时限继电器Definite time relay
光电继电器Photoelectric relay
电子继电器Electronic relay
电磁式继电器Electromagnetic relay
电动式继电器Electrodynamic relay
气压继电器Gas-pressure relay
继电器常开触点Relay N.O. contact
继电器常闭触点Relay N.C. contact
继电器保护触点（常开）Relay holding contact (N.O.)
能自动返回的常闭按钮触点Self-return button with N.C. contact 模拟信号触点Contact for semigraph signal
强励磁接点Shock excitation contact
电感线圈Induction coil
电流线圈Current coil
脱扣线圈Trip coil
合闸线圈Close coil
释放线圈Releasing coil
掉闸线圈Tripping coil
予告信号Prewarning signal
掉闸回路断线信号Breakage signal of trip circuit
断路器事故掉闸信号Fault trip signal of breaker
掉闸音响信号Tripping audible signal
重瓦斯预告信号Heavy gas prewarning signal
温度预告信号Temperature prewarning signal
手动、自动操作时事故信号Fault signal in manual/automatic operation
保护掉闸Protective trip
控制掉闸Control trip
手动跳闸Manual trip
变电所紧急停车Emergency shutdown at substation
工艺故障Fault in process
励磁故障Fault in excitation
工作电源失电报警No-voltage alarm of working electric source
工作电源分合闸On and off of working electric source
工作电源投入Throw-in of working electric source
保安电源送电supply of emergency electric source
运转指示Indicating of operation
投入指示Indicating of throw-in
同步指示Indicating of synchronism
延时停车Delayed shutdown
电源切除Switch off the power supply
速断及过流断通Instantaneous trip and over-current off/on
自保持Self-holding
自锁Self-lock
联锁Interlocking
绝缘监视Insulation supervision
电压监视Voltage supervision
联锁解除Release of interlock
工作、保安电源切换Transfer of working and emergency power supply
发电机与工作母线并车Synchronization of generator to working bus
重瓦斯保护Heavy gas protection
开或闭超扭矩保护Over-torque protection during opening and closing valve
电机起动顺序Sequence of motor starting
铭牌框注字Name plate denotation (inscription)
五．电气仪表Electric instruments
电流表Ammeter
电压表Voltmeter
三相三线有功电度表Three-phase three-wire kilowatt-hour meter , kWh meter 单相电度表Single-phase kilowatt-hour meter
三相无功电度表Three-phase kilovar-hour meter
有功功率表Active power meter , kilowatt meter
无功功率表Reactive power meter , kilovar meter
三相瓦特表(功率表) Three-phase watt meter
功率因数表Power factor meter
频率表Frequency meter
验电流器Galvanoscope
欧姆表Ohmmeter
相位表Phase meter
转速表Tachometer
波长表Wave-length meter
三相四线制标准电度表3-phase 4-wire standard watthour-meter 过载电流表Overload ammeter
低功率因数瓦特表Low power-factor wattmeter
交直流两用钳型电流表 A.C./D.C. multi-purpose tongtester
兆欧表Megger , Megohmmeter
万用表Avometer
微安表Microammeter
毫安表Milliammeter
各种测量仪表Various kind of measuring instruments
接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester
真空管电压表Vacuum tube voltmeter
电动秒表Electric second-meter
六．防雷Lightning protection
避雷装置Lightning protector
避雷针Lightning rod
避雷带Strap type lightning protector
避雷网Network of lightning protector
避雷针支架Lightning rod support
避雷针尖Tip of lightning rod
避雷针拉铁Brace for lightning rod
避雷器Lightning arrester , surge discharger
球型避雷器Spherical arrester
管形避雷器Tubular arrester
阀形避雷器Auto-valve arrester
低压避雷器Low voltage arrester
角形避雷器Horn arrester
多隙避雷器Multigap arrester
铝避雷器Aluminum cell arrester
氧化膜避雷器Oxide film arrester
击穿保险器Puncture lightning arrester
雷击Lightning stroke
直接雷击Direct lightning stroke
感应雷击Induction lightning stroke
雷电日Thunderbolt days
雷电或然率Lightning and thunder probability
触电Electric shock
静电感应Electrostatic induction
七．接地Grounding , earthing
接地保护Ground protection , earth protection 防雷接地Grounding for lightning
保护接地Protective earthing
人工接地Artificial grounding
工作接地Working grounding , working earthing 重复接地Multiple earthing
屏蔽接地Screen earthing , shielding ground
中性点接地Neutral point grounded
接地系统Grounding system , earthing system 接地故障Ground fault , earth fault
单相接地Single phase earthing
母线接地Bus ground
接地装置Grounding device , earthing device
引下线Down-lead , down conductor
引下线固定Clamping plate of support for fixing 支架夹板Down lead
引下线固定支脚Support for fixing down lead
接地线Ground connector
接地干线Ground(ing) main , (bus)
接地网Grounding network , earthing network 接地极Earth electrode (pole)
接地电阻Earth resistance
接地电路Earth (ground) circuit
连接条Connecting strip
断接卡Connecting clamp
八．室、所Room , Substation
贮藏室Storage
套间Compartment
蓄电池室Battery room
控制室Control room
配电室Distribution room
维修间Repair room
变电所Substation
高压配电室H.V. distribution room
休息室Rest room
九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair
砂轮机Emery wheel grinder
台钻Bench drilling machine
交流电焊机A.C. welding machine
移动式空气压缩机Portable air compressor
手电钻Electric hand drill
单速手摇绕线机Single speed hand winding machine
导线钳压器Wire jointing press-clamp
油压千斤顶Hydraulic jack
电吹尘器Electric dust cleaner
存放柜Store chest
高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer
泄漏试验变压器Leakage testing set
大电流发生器Strong current generator
油浸自冷感应调压器Oil-immersed self-cooled induction voltage regulator 多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement 仪用电感互感器Instrumental voltage transformer
单相自耦变压器Single-phase auto-transformer
三相自耦变压器3-phase auto-transformer
硅整流器Silicon rectifier
仪表试验台Testing stand for instrument
接触器，继电器试验台Relay and contactor testing stand
慢扫描示波器Slow scanning oscillograph
交流电子稳压器A.C. electronic voltage stabilizer
携带式交流电桥Portable A.C. electric bridge
接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester
电缆故障探伤仪Cable fault detector
直流单臂电桥D.C. single-arm electric bridge , Wheatstone bridge
十．材料Material
绝缘包布Insulating tape
填料Filler , packing
绝缘膏Insulating compound
电缆膏Cable compound
防腐油Anti-corrosive oil
沥青漆Bituminous varnish
绝缘漆Insulating varnish
瓷漆Enamel varnish
有色金属Non-ferrous metal
黑色金属ferrous metal
白金属White metal
云母Mica
环氧树脂Epoxy resin
聚氯乙烯Polyvinyl chloride , PVC 蜡Wax
滑石粉Talc powder
电胶木Bakelite
聚丙烯外壳Polyacrylic cover
耐油橡胶管Oil-proof rubber tubes 接地铜线Grounding copper wire 垫圈Pad
塑料绝缘线Plastics insulated wire 橡套电缆Rubber sheathed cable 中间接头Splice
填充剂Filling agent
绝缘电线Insulated wire
移动软电缆Movable flexible cable 补偿导线Extension wire
套管Bushing
母线槽Busway
悬索Cable suspension
滑触线Trolley conductor
镀锌煤气管Galvanized gas pipe
镀锌角钢Galvanized steel angle 镀锌扁钢Galvanized steel strap 钢丝绳Steel wire rope
电笛Siren
电磁阀Electromagnetic valve
连接片Connecting link
切换片Transfering link
端子排Terminal board
半导体二极管Semiconductor diode
开度计Opening meter
逻辑元件Logical element
接线盒Junction box
仪表槽板Instrument trunking
电缆吊架Cable hanger
出线套Outgoing line sleeve
十一．图名Drawings , diagrams
电气图纸目录Contents of electric drawings
电力系统图Electric power system diagram
照明系统图Lighting system diagram
电力平面布置图Electric power layout plan
照明平面布置图Lighting layout plan
单线图One line diagram
控制箱面部布置图Surface arrangement of control box
背部接线图Back wiring (diagram)
外部接线图External (outside) wiring diagram
内部接线图Internal (inside) wiring diagram
控制原理图Principle control diagram
原理图Schematic diagram
展开图Developed diagram
电气标准图Electric standard drawing
电气施工图Electric working drawing
复用图Reproducibles (drawing)
电缆联系图Cable hook-up diagram
转换开关接点图Contact diagram of transfer switch
箱侧视图Side view of box
正视图Front view , facade
背视图Back view
剖面图Section
参考图Reference drawing
电缆敷设图Cable laying diagram
箱内框架布置图Arrangement of frames inside the cabinet
控制箱台面展开图Surface developed diagram of console
出线端子示意图Schematic diagram of terminal outgoing lines 端子接线图Diagram of terminal connections
电气管线表List of wire , cable and conduits
设备材料表List of equipment and materials
十二．表头Tables
电力系统图Power system diagram
引入线Lead in
保护设备Protective device
型号Type
额定值Rating
整定值Setting
主启动设备回路Circuit to starting device
导线型号、芯数、截面及管径Conductor type , cores , section & diameter of conduit 线长Wire length
管长Conduit length
启动设备Starting device
型号规格Type , specification
保护元件Protective element
计量装置Calculating device
用电设备主回路Main circuit of electric equipment
控制回路Control circuit
控制装置Control device
用电设备Electric equipment
设备容量Consumer capacity
生产设备Production equipment
位号No. of location
名称Name
备注Remarks
引入线Feed in
配电箱Distribution cabinet
型号及编号Type and No.
开关型号Switch type
保护装置Protective device
回路编号Circuit No.
相别Phase
灯数Number of lamps
插座数Number of receptacles
电缆编号No. of line
起点Starting
终点Ending
母线截面Section of bus
零母线Neutral bus
屏编号Panel No.
型号及方案号Type and variant No.
控制原理图号Principle control diagram
工艺位号Process item No.
十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG
电工系统图图形符号Graphic symbols for electric system
交流电的相别A.C. phase sequence
直流电的正负极D.C. positive and negative poles
有中性点引出线的星形连接的三相绕组Star-connected three phase windings with neutral outlet
开口三角形连接的三相绕组3-phase winding with open delta connection
互相连接的导线Cross connection of wires
不连接的跨越导线Crossing wires not in contact with each other
可拆卸的电气连接Removable connection
电缆终端头Pothead of cable or cable end
自耦变压器Auto-transformer
感应调压器Induction voltage regulator
凸极同步电动机Salient pole synchronous motor
带接换装置的蓄电池组Accumulator battery with tap-changers
空气断路器Air circuit-breaker
保持触点Holding contact
热元件Thermal element
自动复位的操作开关Spring-return operating switch
插接器Plug-in connector
电喇叭Horn
电炉Electric furnace
分流器Shunt
可控硅整流箱屏Silicon controlled rectifier box panel
直流配电屏D.C. distributing panel
磁力起动器组Magnetic starter group
自动开关箱Automatic switch box
行程开关Limit switch
局部灯Local lighting fitting
荧光灯列Series fluorescent lighting fitting
防护式灯开关Protective switch
导线引上Conductors turning up
导线引下Conductors turning down
导线由上引来Conductors turning from above
导线由下引来Conductors turning from below
电缆沟Cable trench
调压器Voltage regulator
隔离变压器Isolating transformer
击穿保护器Puncturing safety device
晶体管Transisorized diode
地坪Grade level
电缆与水管平行Cable running parallel to a water supply pipe 电缆与热力管道交叉敷设Cable running across heat pipeline
车道Drive way
电缆穿管与管道交叉Cable protective pipe across a pipeline
双(单)侧支架电缆沟Trench with rack on both sides (one side) 室外地坪Outdoor grade
跨接线Jumper
金属软管Flexible metal tube
过渡接头Adapter
电气工程及其自动化专业术语翻译
transistor 晶体管
audion 三极管
capacitance 电容
Diesel 柴油机
AC- motors 交流电机
transistor
coupling 联结耦合
current carrying capacity 载流能力（最大允许电流）conductivity 传导性
in isolation 绝缘
lead 导线
leakage current 泄漏电流
inductance 感应系数
loops 线圈
macroprocessor 微处理器
multimedia show 多媒体展示
medium-power distribution 中压配电
motor and soft starters 电机及软起动器
numerical controls 数控系统
optimal 最佳的，最理想的
overload relays 过载继电器
overshoot 过冲
peak current 峰值电流
power dissipation 电力分散
process automation 过程自动化
process instrumentation and analytics 过程仪表及分析仪器punch 穿孔，冲压
reactance 电抗
recharge 再充
regulated power supply 稳压电源
resistance 阻抗
resistor 电阻器
resonate 共振
self-inductance 自感应
series inductance 串联感应
simulation 模拟
switching 配电；交流
thermal cycle 热循环
thickness 厚度
voltage regulator 调压器
warping 扭曲，变形
wiring layout 线路配置图
AC-drives 交流变频器
asymmetrical 非对称的
attenuation 衰减
bridged impedance 桥接阻抗
cable bridge 电缆桥架
charge 电荷
circuit schematic diagram 电路原理图解
coefficient 系数
configuration 构造
constant 常量
copper sheet 铜片
damping 阻尼
decomposition 分解
decouple 分离
delay circuit 延迟电路
dielectric sheets 介电原片
diode clamping钳位
edge connector 边缘连接器
electrical infrastructure 电气基础设施
electrical installation 电气安装技术
equations set 方程组
four-layer 四层
hookup 接线图
human machine interface 人机界面impedance 阻抗
incidence 入射
incident wave 入射波
incorporated 合成一体的
instantaneous 瞬间的
interleaved 交叉
load admittance 负载导纳
lumped 集中的
modal 模式的
modeling 建模
motor management systems 电机管理系统mounting pads 安装垫片
noise margins 噪音安全系数
proximity effect 邻近效应
radian 弧度
resistive 有抵抗力的
schematic 示意图
services & industry solutions 服务和工业解决方案terminator 终结器
undershoot 负脉冲信号；下冲
Page1 Electrical Energy Transmission（电能输送） From reference 1 Growing populations and industrializing countries create huge needs for electrical energy. Unfortunately, electricity is not always used in the same place that it is produced, meaning long-distance transmission lines and distribution systems are necessary. But transmitting electricity over distance and via networks involves energy loss. So, with growing demand comes the need to minimize this loss to achieve two main goals: reduce resource consumption while delivering more power to users. Reducing consumption can be done in at least two ways: deliver electrical energy more efficiently and change consumer habits. Transmission and distribution of electrical energy require cables and power transformers, which create three types of energy loss: the Joule effect, where energy is lost as heat in the conductor (a copper wire, for example); magnetic losses, where energy dissipates into a magnetic field; the dielectric effect, where energy is absorbed in the insulating material. The Joule effect in transmission cables accounts for losses of about 2.5 % while the losses in transformers range between 1 % and 2 % (depending on the type and ratings of the transformer). So, saving just 1 % on the electrical energy produced by a power plant of 1 000 megawatts means transmitting 10 MW more to consumers, which is far from negligible: with the same energy we can supply 1 000 - 2 000 more homes. Changing consumer habits involves awareness-raising programmers, often undertaken by governments or activist groups. Simple things, such as turning off lights in unoccupied rooms, or switching off the television at night (not just putting it into standby mode), or setting tasks such as laundry for non-peak hours are but a few examples among the myriad of possibilities. On the energy production side, building more efficient transmission and
专业音频术语中英文对照 A ＡAC ａutomａtiｃ ampltiｕdｅ control 自动幅度控制 AＢ AB制立体声录音法?Aｂeyaｎｃd 暂停,潜态 A-B repeat A-B重复?ABS absolｕte 绝对得,完全得，绝对时间 AＢＳaｍerican burｅａｕ oｆｓtanda rd 美国标准局?ABＳＳ auｔｏｂlａnk seｃrion ｓｃanning 自动磁带空白部分扫描Ａbsｔi mｅ绝对运行时间?A、ＤEＦ audiｏ dｅfeａｔ音频降噪,噪声抑制,伴音静噪 ADJ ａdj eｃｔｉve 附属得,附件?AＤＪ Aｄjust 调节 ＡDJ ａcｏｕｓｔｉｃｄｅlay lｉnｅ声延迟线 Admiｓsiｏn 允许进入,供给 ADP acouｓｔiｃｄaｔa ｐroceｓsoｒ音响数据处理机 ＡＤP(T) adaptｅr 延配器，转接器ＡDRES autｏmatｉｃｄynamic ranｇｅ ｅxpansion systｅm?动态范围扩展系统 A ＤRM ａnａlｏg tｏdigｉtal remastｅr 模拟录音、数字处理数码唱盘 ADS ａudio distribution system 音频分配系统 A、DUB aｕｄio dｕbbiｎｇ配音,音频复制,后期录音 AＤV ａdvance 送入，提升,前置量?ADV adｖersuｍ对抗 ADＶ advance r 相位超前补偿器?Ａｄvｅｎｔuｒｅ惊险效果 AE audio erasing 音频(声音)擦除 AE auxｉｌiａry eqｕipｍeｎt 辅助设备Aerｉａｌ天线 ＡＥＳaudio engineeｒing soｃieｔｙ美国声频工程协会ＡF audｉo fｉdelity 音频保真度?AF audio frｅquencｙ音频频率 AFC aｃtive fieｌd conｔrｏｌ自动频率控制?AＦC automatiｃfrｅquenｃｙ coｎtｒol 声场控制 Ａffricaｔe 塞擦音?AＦL ａside ｆａde lｉsten 衰减后(推子后)监听 A-fadｅr 音频衰减 ＡFM advancｅ freｑuency moｄulａtion 高级调频 AFS acoｕstｉｃ feedｂａｃｋ sｐea ｋer 声反馈扬声器 AFＴ automaｔｉc fiｎｅ tuning 自动微调 AＦＴAＡS advancｅｄｆast ｔime aｃousti ｃaｎaｌｙｓｉs ｓysteｍ?高级快速音响分析系统 Afｔer 转移部分文件 Aftergloｗ余辉，夕照时分音响效果 Agａin st 以……为背景 AGC ａｕtomａtic gaｉn contrｏl 自动增益控制AHＤaudｉｏhigｈ densｉtｙ音频高密度唱片系统 AI aｄvanced intｅgrateｄ预汇流ＡI amplｉfier inｐｕt 放大器输入 AI artificｉaｌ intellｉｇence 人工智能AI azｉmuｔh iｎdi cator 方位指示器 A－IN 音频输入 A－INSEL aｕｄｉo ｉnput sｅleｃtiｏn 音频输入选择 Alarm 警报器 ALC ａutomatic level cｏntｒoｌ自动电平控制?AＬC autｏmａtic lｏａd ｃontroｌ自动负载控制
电力系统power system 发电机generator 励磁excitation 励磁器excitor 电压voltage 电流current 升压变压器step-up transformer 母线bus 变压器transformer 空载损耗no-load loss 铁损iron loss 铜损copper loss 空载电流no-load current 有功损耗active loss 无功损耗reactive loss 输电系统power transmission system 高压侧high side 输电线transmission line 高压high voltage 低压low voltage 中压middle voltage 功角稳定angle stability 稳定stability 电压稳定voltage stability 暂态稳定transient stability 电厂power plant 能量输送power transfer 交流AC 直流DC 电网power system 落点drop point 开关站switch station 调节regulation 高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的apposable 裕度margin 故障fault 三相故障three phase fault 分接头tap 切机generator triping 高顶值high limited value 静态static (state) 动态dynamic (state) 机端电压控制AVR 电抗reactance 电阻resistance 功角power angle 有功（功率）active power 电容器Capacitor 电抗器Reactor 断路器Breaker 电动机motor 功率因数power-factor 定子stator 阻抗impedance 功角power-angle 电压等级voltage grade 有功负载: active load PLoad 无功负载reactive load 档位tap position 电阻resistor 电抗reactance 电导conductance 电纳susceptance 上限upper limit 下限lower limit 正序阻抗positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗zero sequence impedance 无功（功率）reactive power 功率因数power factor 无功电流reactive current 斜率slope 额定rating 变比ratio 参考值reference value 电压互感器PT 分接头tap 仿真分析simulation analysis 下降率droop rate 传递函数transfer function 框图block diagram 受端receive-side
外文翻译院（系） 专业班级 姓名 学号 指导教师 年月日
Programmable designed for electro-pneumatic systems controller John F.Wakerly This project deals with the study of electro-pneumatic systems and the programmable controller that provides an effective and easy way to control the sequence of the pneumatic actuators movement and the states of pneumatic system. The project of a specific controller for pneumatic applications join the study of automation design and the control processing of pneumatic systems with the electronic design based on microcontrollers to implement the resources of the controller. 1. Introduction The automation systems that use electro-pneumatic technology are formed mainly by three kinds of elements: actuators or motors, sensors or buttons and control elements like valves. Nowadays, most of the control elements used to execute the logic of the system were substituted by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Sensors and switches are plugged as inputs and the direct control valves for the actuators are plugged as outputs. An internal program executes all the logic necessary to the sequence of the movements, simulates other components like counter, timer and control the status of the system. With the use of the PLC, the project wins agility, because it is possible to create and simulate the system as many times as needed. Therefore, time can be saved, risk of mistakes reduced and complexity can be increased using the same elements. A conventional PLC, that is possible to find on the market from many companies, offers many resources to control not only pneumatic systems, but all kinds of system that uses electrical components. The PLC can be very versatile and robust to be applied in many kinds of application in the industry or even security system and automation of buildings.
汽车音响中常用的词汇 汽车音响中常用词汇的中英文对照表 A A （Ampere）安培，电流单位 A.S.D 自动设定 AC（Alterating Current）交流电 Accessories 附件 ACC 控制信号线 Acoustic Absorption 声吸收 Acoustical 音响 Acoustic 听觉 A/D（Analogic/Digital）模拟/数字转换 AF（Analogic/Digital）音频 AFC(Auto Matic Freguency Control) 自动频率控制 AGC（Auto Matic Gain Control）自动增益控制 ALC（Auto Matic Level Control）自动电平控制 Ambient 回声 AMP（Amplifier）功率放大器 Amplitude 振幅 AMS 预造电台自动储存 AM/FM（Amplitude Modulation/Freguency Modulation）调幅/调频（无线电）ANRS(Auro Nois Reduction System) 自动降噪系统
ANT（Anrenna）天线 ASSY（Assembly）组件 Attenuator 衰减器 Audio Sound 汽车音响 Audio System 音响系统 Audio Amplifier 音频放大器 Audio Seletion 音色选择 Audio 音频 Auto Antenna 自动天线 AUTO 自动 AUX IN 辅助输入 AUX OUT 辅助输出 AUX/VTE/CD 辅助设备/录像机/激光唱盘 AVC（Auto Matic Volume Control）自动音量控制AWG 线材型号 B B（Base）基极 BAL（Balance）左右声道平衡 Bandwideh 频带宽度 BARO（Barometric Pressure）气压 BAS（Bass）低音 Basket 扬声器架
1、the airframe 机身,结构 2、The front (fore) part 前部 3、The rear (aft) part 后部 4、port 左旋(舵) 5、starboard 右旋(舵) 6、the inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机 7、the outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机 8、the nose 机头 9、the belly 腹部 10、the skin 蒙皮 11、the windscreen or windshield 风挡 12、the wing 机翼 13、the trailing edge 机翼后缘 14、the leading edge 机翼前缘 15、the wing tip 翼尖 16、the control surface 操纵面 17、ailerons 副翼 18、flaps (inboard flap,outboard flap,leading edge flaps) 襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘缝翼） 19、spoilers (inboard\outboard spoiler)(spoiler down\up) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开） 20、slats 缝翼 21、elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片） 22、rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）
23、flap angle 襟翼角 24、flap setting 襟翼调整 25、the full flap position 全襟翼位置 26、a flapless landing 无襟翼着陆 27、the landing gear 起落架 28、stabilizer 安定面 29、the nose wheel 前轮 30、gear locked 起落架锁定 31、the wheel well 起落架舱 32、the wheel door 起落架舱门 33、a tyre 轮胎 34、to burst 爆破 35、a deflated tyre 放了气的轮胎 36、a flat tyre 走了气的轮胎 37、a puncture 轮胎被扎破 38、to extend the flaps (to retract the flaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼） 39、gear extention (gear retraction) 起落架放下（起落架收上） 40、The gear is jammed. 起落架被卡死。 41、The flaps are jammed. 襟翼被卡死。 42、the emergency extention system 应急放下系统 43、to crank the gear down 摆动放下起落架 44、the brakes 刹车
一．电气名词 Electric items 二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits) 三．设备 Equipments 四．保护、继电器 Protection , relays 五．电气仪表 Electric instruments 六．防雷 Lightning protection 七．接地 Grounding , earthing 八．室、所 Room , Substation 九．电修车间设备 Equipments of electric repair 十．材料 Material 十一．图名 Drawings , diagrams 十二．表头 Tables 十三．标准图词汇 Terms from standard DWG 一．电气名词 Electric items 交（直）流 Alternating (direct) current 短路电流 Short-circuit current 起始次暂态短路电流 Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流 Impulse current 稳态短路电流 Steady state short-circuit current 临界电流 Critical current 切断电流 Rupturing current 熔断电流 Blow-out current 故障电流 Fault current 计算电流 Calculating current 极限有限电流 Limit effective current 过电流 Over current 逆电流 Inverse current 整定电流 Setting current 额定电流 Rated current 电流密度 Current density 短路电流最大有效值 Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压 High-voltage , High-tension 低压 Low-voltage , Low-tension 计算电压 Calculating voltage 激磁电压 Exciting voltage 冲击电压 Impulse voltage 临界电压 Critical voltage
电厂蒸汽动力的基础和使用 1.1 为何需要了解蒸汽 对于目前为止最大的发电工业部门来说, 蒸汽动力是最为基础性的。 若没有蒸汽动力, 社会的样子将会变得和现在大为不同。我们将不得已的去依靠水力发电厂、风车、电池、太阳能蓄电池和燃料电池,这些方法只能为我们平日用电提供很小的一部分。 蒸汽是很重要的,产生和使用蒸汽的安全与效率取决于怎样控制和应用仪表,在术语中通常被简写成C&I(控制和仪表 。此书旨在在发电厂的工程规程和电子学、仪器仪表以 及控制工程之间架设一座桥梁。 作为开篇,我将在本章大体描述由水到蒸汽的形态变化,然后将叙述蒸汽产生和使用的基本原则的概述。这看似简单的课题实际上却极为复杂。这里, 我们有必要做一个概述:这本书不是内容详尽的论文,有的时候甚至会掩盖一些细节, 而这些细节将会使热力学家 和燃烧物理学家都为之一震。但我们应该了解,这本书的目的是为了使控制仪表工程师充 分理解这一课题,从而可以安全的处理实用控制系统设计、运作、维护等方面的问题。1.2沸腾:水到蒸汽的状态变化 当水被加热时,其温度变化能通过某种途径被察觉(例如用温度计 。通过这种方式 得到的热量因为在某时水开始沸腾时其效果可被察觉,因而被称为感热。 然而,我们还需要更深的了解。“沸腾”究竟是什么含义?在深入了解之前,我们必须考虑到物质的三种状态:固态,液态,气态。 (当气体中的原子被电离时所产生的等离子气体经常被认为是物质的第四种状态, 但在实际应用中, 只需考虑以上三种状态固态,
物质由分子通过分子间的吸引力紧紧地靠在一起。当物质吸收热量,分子的能量升级并且 使得分子之间的间隙增大。当越来越多的能量被吸收,这种效果就会加剧,粒子之间相互脱离。这种由固态到液态的状态变化通常被称之为熔化。 当液体吸收了更多的热量时,一些分子获得了足够多的能量而从表面脱离,这个过程 被称为蒸发(凭此洒在地面的水会逐渐的消失在蒸发的过程中,一些分子是在相当低的 温度下脱离的,然而随着温度的上升,分子更加迅速的脱离,并且在某一温度上液体内部 变得非常剧烈,大量的气泡向液体表面升起。在这时我们称液体开始沸腾。这个过程是变为蒸汽的过程,也就是液体处于汽化状态。 让我们试想大量的水装在一个敞开的容器内。液体表面的空气对液体施加了一定的压 力,随着液体温度的上升,便会有足够的能量使得表面的分子挣脱出去,水这时开始改变 自身的状态,变成蒸汽。在此条件下获得更多的热量将不会引起温度上的明显变化。所增 加的能量只是被用来改变液体的状态。它的效用不能用温度计测量出来,但是它仍然发生 着。正因为如此,它被称为是潜在的,而不是可认知的热量。使这一现象发生的温度被称为是沸点。在常温常压下,水的沸点为100摄氏度。 如果液体表面的压力上升, 需要更多的能量才可以使得水变为蒸汽的状态。 换句话说, 必须使得温度更高才可以使它沸腾。总而言之,如果大气压力比正常值升高百分之十,水必须被加热到一百零二度才可以使之沸腾。
房务部：Rooms Division 前厅部：Front Office 客房部：Housekeeping 大堂副理：Assistant Manager 宾客关系主任：Guest Relation Officer 前台：Front Desk 接待处：Reception/Check-in 收银处：Cashier/Check-out 领班：Captain 主管：Supervisor 班次负责人：Shift Leader 商务中心：Business Center 客房服务代表：Guest service agent(接待和收银合并之后的前台人员的称呼)简称GSA 电话总机：Switch Board 接线员：Operator 预订处：Room Reservation 礼宾服务处：Concierge 大厅服务处：Bell Service 金钥匙：Golden Key 行政楼层：Executive Floor 行政酒廊：Executive Lounge 行李生：Bellman 迎宾员：Doorman 夜审：End of Day /Night auditor 2．前厅服务项目专业术语介绍 入住：Check-in 退房：Check-out 外币兑换：Foreign Currency Exchange 问询：Information 接送机服务：Pick up service 叫醒服务：Wake up call 请勿打扰服务：DND Do not disturbed 失物招领：Lost and Found 国内直拨和国际直拨电话：DDD and IDD Domestic Direct Dial and International Direct Dial对方付费电话：Collect Call 3．前厅常用物品术语介绍： 住宿登记单：Registration card 欢迎卡：Welcome card 订房凭证：Voucher 交接本：log book 信封：Envelope 房卡钥匙：Room key 安全保管箱：Safe Deposit Box 客房统计和出售率统计的术语 预离房：Expected Departure 预抵房：Expected Arrival
[ 转帖] 音响名词中英文对照大全 A AAC automatic ampltiude control 自动幅度 控制 AB AB 制立体声录音法 Abeyancd 暂停，潜态 A-B repeat A-B 重复 ABS absolute 绝对的，完全的，绝对时间 ABS american bureau of standard 美国标准 局 ABSS auto blank secrion scanning 自动磁带 空白部分扫描 Abstime 绝对运行时间 A.DEF audio defeat 音频降噪，噪声抑制，伴音静 噪 ADJ adjective 附属的，附件 ADJ Adjust 调节 ADJ acoustic delay line 声延迟线 Admission 允许进入，供给 ADP acoustic data processor 音响数据处理 机 ADP(T) adapter 延配器，转接器 ADRES automatic dynamic range expansion system 动态范围扩展系统 ADRM analog to digital remaster 模拟录音、 数字处理数码唱盘 ADS audio distribution system 音频分配系 统 A.DUB audio dubbing 配音，音频复制，后期 录音 ADV advance 送入，提升，前置量 ADV adversum 对抗 ADV advancer 相位超前补偿器
Adventure 惊险效果 AE audio erasing 音频(声音)擦除 AE auxiliary equipment 辅助设备 Aerial 天线 AES audio engineering society 美国声频工 程协会 AF audio fidelity 音频保真度 AF audio frequency 音频频率 AFC active field control 自动频率控制AFC automatic frequency control 声场控制Affricate 塞擦音 AFL aside fade listen 衰减后（推子后）监 听 A-fader 音频衰减 AFM advance frequency modulation 高级调频 AFS acoustic feedback speaker 声反馈扬声 器 AFT automatic fine tuning 自动微调AFTAASadvanced fast time acoustic analysis system 高级快速音响分析系统 After 转移部分文件 Afterglow 余辉，夕照时分音响效果 Aga in st以 ... 为背景 AGC automatic gain control 自动增益控制 AHD audio high density 音频高密度唱片系统 AI advanced integrated 预汇流 AI amplifier input 放大器输入 AI artificial intelligence 人工智能AI azimuth indicator 方位指示器 A-IN 音频输入 A-INSEL audio input selection 音频输入选 择 Alarm 警报器 ALC automatic level control 自动电平控制ALC automatic load control 自动负载控制
Page1 Generators and Motors From reference 1 1. Direct-current generators impress on the line a direct or continuous emf, one that is always in the same direction. Commercial dc generators have commutators, which distinguish them from ac generators. The function of a commutator and the elementary ideas of generation of emf and commutation are discussed in Div. 1. Additional information about commutation as applied to dc motors, which in general is true for dc generators, is given below. 2. Excitation of generator fields. To generate an emf, conductors must cut a magnetic field which in commercial machines must be relatively strong. A permanent magnet can be used for producing such a field in a generator of small output, such as a telephone magneto or the magneto of an insulation tester, but in generators for light and power the field is produced by electromagnets, which may be excited by the machine itself or be separately excited from another source.Self-excited machines may be of the series, shunt, or compound type, depending upon the manner of connecting the field winding to the armature. In the series type of machine,the field winding (the winding which produces the magnetic field) is connected in series with the armature winding. In the shunt type, the field winding is connected in parallel,shunt, with the armature winding. Compound machines have two field windings on each pole. One of these windings is connected in series with the armature winding, and the other is connected in parallel or shunt with the armature winding. 3. Armature winding of dc machines may be of the lap or the wave type. The difference in the two types is in the manner of connecting the armature coils to the commutator.A coil is the portion of the armature winding between successive connections to the commutator.In the lap type of winding (see Fig. 7.1) the two ends of a coil are connected to adjacent commutator segments. In the wave type of winding (see Fig. 7.2) the two ends of a coil are connected to commutator segments that are displaced from each other by approximately 360 electrical degrees.The type
电子产品常用英文词汇 一、常见电子电气类英文单词 1.功率power 2.电压voltage 3.电流current 4.频率frequency 5.效率efficiency 6.波形waveform 7.交流alternating-current 8.直流direct-current 9.适配器adaptor 10. 转换器converter 11. 逆变器inverter 12. 充电器charger 13. 控制器controller 14. 启动器jump starter 15. 器件device 16. 元件component 17. 电容器capacitor 18. 电阻resistor 19. 电感inductor 20. 二极管diode 21. 稳压二极管zener 22. 三极管audion 23. 场效应管MOSFEET(Metel-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) 24. 变压器transformer 25. 光藕optical coupler 26. 保险丝fuse 27. 半导体semiconductor 28. 瓷片电容ceramic capacitor 29. 电解电容electrolytic C 30. 电感inductance 31. 电容capacitance 32. 电阻resistance 33. 感性的inductive 34. 容性的capacitive 35. 阻性的resistive 36. 阻抗impedance 37. 纯正弦波pure sine wave 38. 修正正弦波modified sine wave 39. 方波square wave 40. 恒流源constant current source 41. 恒压源constant voltage source 42. 纹波电流ripple current 43. 涌入电流inrush current 44. 空载电流no-load current 45. 电网power system 46. 死区时间dead time 47. 浮充电压float charge voltage 48. 正向电压forward voltage drop 49. 续流二极管freewheel diode 50. 肖特基二极管schottky 51. 整流桥bridge rectifier 52. 超快速整流器ultra fast rectifier 53. 检测电阻sense resistor 54. 振荡电阻timing resistor 55. 散热片thermal slug/heat sink/ radiator 56. 断路器breaker 57. 过流保护器circuit breaker 58. 自由运行free running 59. 满负载full load 60. 过载overload 61. 轻载light load 62. 加载upload 63. 静态static （state） 64. 动态dynamic （state） 65. 稳态的steady 66. 静电static electricity 67. 电源调整率line regulation 68. 负载调整率load regulation 69. 满载效率full load efficiency 70. 最佳效率optimum efficiency 71. 输出效率output efficiency 72. 峰值效率peak efficiency 73. 标称效率declared efficiency 74. 视在功率apparent power 75. 有功功率active power 76. 无功功率reactive power 77. 功率因数power-factor 78. 耗散功率power dissipation 79. 空载损耗no-load loss 80. 关断状态off state 81. 电源工作电压operating supply
沧州师学院 专业外语阅读文献综述 学院机械与电气工程学院 姓名昊 学号1414216125 专业电气工程及其自动化 班级2014级1班 2017 年 1 月
PLC技术简介与应用 摘要:随着电子计算机技术的不断发展，PLC 技术在电气化自动控制制造与研发领域中的应用变得越来越广泛，发挥着不可替代的作用。PLC 技术在电气设备自动化控制中的应用是以微软的处理器作为基础，结合了现在的计算机技术，自动控制技术，现代通讯技术等的优势，极大的扩充了 PLC 技术在电气设备自动化控制应用中的适用领域，有很强的实效性。PLC 技术有着高灵活性、高可靠性、便捷性，和工业机器人、CAD/CAM 并称现代自动化工业的三大顶梁柱。本文介绍何为 PLC 技术，PLC 技术在电气设备自动化控制中的优势与应用，希望能有一定的借鉴作用。 关键词:PLC 技术；电气设备；自动化控制 一.PLC 技术的概念 PLC 是英语可编程控制器 Programmable logic Controller 的缩写，以微处理器为依托，结合通信，计算机，互联网和自动控制技术开发而成的工业上的控制装置。 PLC 技术起源于 20 世纪 70 年代，被成功的运用于汽车工业中。随着 PLC 技术运算，处理速度，控制各种功能的进步与商业化，它在电气设备自动化中的应用领域也变得越来越广泛，形成了仪表-电器-计算机控制的一体化模式。 PLC 技术在产品中的应用与生产，是以 DCS 集散控制系统和 FCS 总线控制系统作为主要的控制形式。 PLC 技术在将来的发展中，将不仅仅是作为一个基础系统，而是一种全分布式，开放式的控制系统。 二.PLC的结构 P L C 技术的本质是应用于工业控制的计算机技术，因此，它的硬件结构组成同大多数计算机结构是基本一致的，都包括有:电源、C P U( 中央处理器)、存储器、功能模块、通信模块、输入/ 输出接口电路等等。 三.PLC的工作原理概述 第一个步骤，输入采样。在这个步骤当中，可编程控制器读取采样数据主要通过扫描的方式，然后利用输入I/O输出映像区中所对应的单元对这些数据进行存储。在数据采样被输入之后，继续执行输出刷新操作对转入用户程序。 第二个步骤，程序执行。在用户程序执行的过程中，可编程控制器对用户程序进行扫描的执行顺序总是自上而下，在扫描的过程中，其运算按照固定的顺序和路线进行，其中，扫描顺序也是由左至右，由上至下，而扫描线路则是由用户程序的各个触电构成。 第三个步骤，系统输出刷新。在这一阶段所要完成的操作是可编程控制器在
电影专业术语中英文对照 A Above-the-line 线上费用 A-B roll A-B卷 AC 交流电 Academy ratio 学院标准画框比 Adaptation 改编 ADR editor ADR 剪辑师 Aligator clamp=gaffer grip 固定灯具的弹簧夹，又称鳄鱼夹 Ambient Sounds 环境音 Amp 安培 Amplification 信号放大 Amplitude 振幅 Analog 模拟 Anamorphic lens 变形镜头 Aperture 光圈 Answer Print 校正拷贝 Arc 摄像机的弧度运动 Art director 艺术指导 Aspect ratio 画框比 Atmosphere sound 气氛音 Attack 起音 Audio board 调音台 Audio mixer 混音器，混音师 Automatic dialogue replacement 自动对白补录 Automatic focus 自动对焦 Automatic gain control 自动增益控制 Automatic iris 自动光圈(少用) Axis of action 表演轴线 B Back light 轮廓光 Background light=Scenery light 场景光 Balance 平衡 Balanced 平衡电缆 Barndoor 遮扉（灯具上的黑色金属活动板，遮光用的） Barney 隔音套 Base 片基（用来附着感光乳剂的胶片基底） Base plate 底座（固定灯的） Baselight level 基本亮度 Batch capturing 批次采集 Below-the-line 线下费用 Bidirectional 双向麦克风 Bit depth 位元深度（在数字声音中每次取样的数目，通常是8，12,16）