动词v-ing形式的基本概念
1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.
否定形式: not+ -ing 构成
2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的变化。
3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语等。
Doing Not doing
Being done Not being done
Having done Not having done Having been done Not having been done
Book4 Unit2 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
I. 动词v-ing形式做主语
1. 动词v-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如：
①Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
②Watching news on TV has become a routine(日常习惯) for me.
③Learning about a language is easier than using it.
2. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末，可以作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless, good, fun, no use, worthwhile等
①It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。
②It is useless trying to argue(争辩) with Shylock(夏洛克,人名)．
③It’s fun jumping into cool water in hot summer.
④It’s good using your head often.
3. 动词-ing形式作主语的常用it作形式主语的句型有：
①It +be +a waste(浪费) of time doing 做……是浪费时间的
②It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的
③It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的
④There is/was no point(意义) doing干…无意义
⑤There is no sense in doing 做…没有道理
⑥It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得
There is no doing 无法……; 不允许……
There is/was no use doing 干…无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比…更糟的
e.g.
①There was no knowing where we would go. 我们不知道要去哪儿。
②There is no point doing such a silly thing. 做这件傻事毫无意义。
③It's no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。
④It's worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。
⑤It’s worthwhile making the effort(努力)．
⑥Is it any good trying to explain?
⑦It’s a waste of time(浪费时间) talking about such a useless thing.
⑧It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on windy(有风的) days.
⑨It is worthwhile (值得)discussing(讨论) the question.
Ⅱ动词-ing形式作宾语
动名词作宾语有两种情况: 及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语
1.动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语
⑴只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词。这类动词只能
用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。
①I suggest(建议) doing it in a different way.
②They admitted(承认) smoking/having smoked in the hall(在大厅里).
③I can’t avoid(逃避) going．我不能不去。
④Have you considered looking for one special friend?
⑤We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．(重复同样的错误)
⑥Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?
⑦People couldn’t help(忍不住) laughing foolish man．
只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：
admit(承认); appreciate(感激); avoid(避免);
resist(抵制); keep(保持); consider(考虑); delay(耽搁); dislike(讨厌,不喜欢); practice(练习); mention(提及); enjoy(喜欢); escape(避免); excuse(原谅); risk(冒险); mind(介意);
fancy(想不到); feel like(喜欢,想,意欲); finish(完成); miss(错过);include(包括);
记忆口诀
¤以下的动词后面加动词的不定式作宾语：decide , hope, expect , seem, agree, afford, arrange, choose, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend,
⑵need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通
①Your composition(作文) needs correcting(修改) / to be corrected.
②His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned.他的外套
需要洗了。
③The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired.
⑶☆有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。
第一种情况：在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
①I like to eat some fish./ l like eating fish.
②He hates to dance./ He hates dancing.
第二种情况：在begin/start，continue之后，用
动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
①It began to rain. / It began raining.
②The children started to sing./ The children started singing.
第三种情况：在动词forget，remember，regret 之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：
Group1. regret doing 对所做的事感到后悔
regret to do(tell/ say/ speak/ inform…) 对要做的事表示遗憾
①I regret missing the report．我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
②I regret to say I can’t take your advice(接受你的
建议)．
Group2. remember doing 讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”
remember to do 讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘记”
③I remember posting the letter．我记得我已把信寄了。
④I’ll remember to post the letter．我会记着去寄信的。
Group3. forget doing 忘记以前曾做过的事
forget to do 忘记要做某事
⑤I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
⑥Don’t forget to write to your mother．
Group4. go on doing 继续做同一件事。
go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另
外一件事
Group5. mean doing意味着要有一个结果
mean to do想要做某事
Group6. stop doing停止正在做的事
stop to do停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事
Group7. try doing 试做某事
try to do 设法做某事
Group8. be/ get/ feel/ become used to doing 习惯于做某事
be used to do 被用来做某事
Group9. can't help doing 禁不住做某事
can't help (to)do 不能帮助做某事2. 作介词宾语。动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关常见的几种搭配形式有：
A. 介词+动名词,
①We like his way of teaching English.我们喜欢他教英语的方式。
②After being away for several years, it is a strange experience(经历) to return to the hometown.
③Instead of smiling, each of them made a face(做了怪脸)．
B. 动词+介词+动名词, 如：
①What prevented/stop/ keep(阻止) you from joining us last night?
②I apologize(道歉) to you for being so angry with you.
③I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners(外国人交谈).
④I insist on(坚持) taking proper food fort his
expedition(出行)．
⑤She was very interested in working for our company(公司)．
C. to既可以是介词，也可以是不定式符号，在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号，to后接动词原形；若是介词，to后需接动词-ing形式
①You must get used to(习惯于) washing your face with cold water.
②He is looking forward to(盼望)seeing you this summer vacation(暑假).
下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词或-ing形式: devote oneself to(献身于), object to(反对), pay attention to(注意), get down to(着手做), lead to(导致), look forward to(盼望), stick to(坚持),be/ get/ feel/ become used to(习惯),
put one's mind to (全神贯注于)等。(be related to 与……有关 be given to 沉溺于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任be opposed to 反对)
Practice1. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1. If you can keep ________(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved.
2. He has promised __________(come) to my birthday party.
3. I hate _________________(tell) lies!
4. I will never forget __________(go) to Beijing with him last summer.
5. I forgot ________(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.
Practice2. 把下列句子翻译成英语（用动词v-ing形式）
1.出国旅行是很激动人心的。
2 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。
3 我记得在哪里见过他。
4 我后悔没听你的劝告。
5 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。
Practice3. 语法同步练习
1. I think it no use _____a lot without _______ anything.
A. talking, doing
B. to talk, do
C. talked, doing
D. talking, being done
2. He was praised for_______ the little girl out of the river.
A. help
B. to help
C. having helped
D. being helped
3. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.(08年湖南卷)
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
4. He was lucky that he escaped _______.
A. to punish
B. being punished
C. punishing
D. to be punished
5. I didn’t feel like _____, so I suggested______ a walk.
A. to work, to take
B. working, taking
C. to work, taking
D. working, take
6. I have not got used ______in the center of the city.
A. live
B. living
C. to live
D. to living
7. When I heard the hero’s report, I could not help ______.
A. to be moved
B. being moved
C. moving
D. to move
8. This problem has been settled. It ______any more.
A. needs discussing
B. needs to be discussed
C. needn’t being discussed
D. doesn’t need discussing
9. Can you imagine _____ alone on a lonely island?
A. to live
B. living
C. live
D. yourself to live
10. ------ They are quiet, aren’t they?
-----Yes, They are accustomed(习惯于) _______ at meals.
A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
11. I can’t understand______ without saying goodbye to me.
A. you leaving
B. you to leave
C. for you to leave
D. you leave
12. I really appreciate ______ to help me.
A. your offering
B. for you to offer
C. of you to offer
D. for your offering 13．The thief ran so fast that he missed _______.
A. catching
B. to be caught
C. being caught
D. to catch
14. _____ at the class meeting made us encouraged.
A. He having being praised
B. His having been praised
C. He being praised
D. For him to have praised
15．The little boy doesn’t mind_____ alone at home.
A. being left
B. left
C. leaving
D. to be left
That he had been praised at the class meeting made us encouraged. His/ Tom’s being praised at the class meeting
I really appreciate him/ his/ Tom’s offering to help me
参考答案：1-5 ACABB 6-10 DBBBD 11-15 AACBA
Book4 Unit3动词v-ing形式作表语.定语和宾补
I.动词v-ing 形式做定语
1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，
既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能(这种用法被称为动名词)。如：
聚焦动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等。如: 1. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.(原因) 3. He came running back to tell us the news. (方式) 4. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴随) 5. Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) 6. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. (结果) 注意:①动词-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 ②动词-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等连词。 [巩固练习] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. (NMET 2004 II) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 2. Having been attacked by terrorists, ______. (上海2004) A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 3. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ______ the girl and took her away, ______ into the woods. (上海2004春) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 4. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上海2002) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 5. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET 2001) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 6. Finding her car stolen, ______. (上海2001) A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 7. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春) A. Suffered B. Suffering
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
过去分词专题练习 I ?分析下列划线部分的用法(过去分词做定语，表语以及被动) 1. The excited childre n are ope ning their Christmas prese nts. 2. This supermarketis now closed 3. The blackboardwas broken by Tom. 4. She had aworried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked in terested in the idea I put forward. 6. The mach in eproduced last yea(二 which were produced last year) are very expe nsive. n . Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The ani mal and pla nts that they found there were _________ (ast oni sh) 2. I was _________ (ast oni sh) to lear n that his long lost child had bee n found. 3. The __________ n ews made us ___________ .(disappoi nt) 4. The __________ mother went to visit Ein stei n. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie foundhusband' d s ath ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _______ (en courage), the girl was determ ined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a _________ bird (frighten)(惊弓之鸟) 9. The fierce lion looks _________ (frighte n). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very __________ (con fuse). 川.Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book __________________ 一本农民写的书)is very popular. 2. The building ___________ 去年建的楼房)now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem __________________ 在昨天会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve. 4. The window ________________________ 被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired 5. The children ______________________ 昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill. 6. The people ________________ 暴露在阳光下的)got sun bur nt. 7. The boy _________________________ 受至U老师严厉惩罚的)is now a college student. 8. The water _________________________ 送到他家的水)carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English _____________ (300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists ________________ 被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa. 11. The students _________________ 受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. IV .基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______ s oldiers. A. wound B. woun ded C. wounding D. being woun ded 2. Lily seems very much ________ in the magazine, but I think it 'tc s expensive. A. i nterested B. i nteresti ng C. to in terest D. to be in terest ing 3. All the passe ngers should remain ______ whe n the pla ne is maki ng a landing.
过去分词作定语，表语专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分在句中做什么成分（过去分词做定语，表语还是表示被动？） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 2. This supermarket is now closed. 3. The blackboard was broken by Tom. 4. She had a worried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked interested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machine produced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were ___________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found husband’s death ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem ____________________(在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The children ________________________(昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7. The boy __________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8. The water ___________________________(送到他家的水) carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English ______________(300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists_________________ (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11. The students ___________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. Ⅳ. 基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being wounded 2. Lily seems very much___________ in the magazine, but I think it’s too expensive. A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting 3. All the passengers should remain___________ when the plane is making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. to be seating D. seated 4. After her journey from Australia, Sophie Armstrong returned home, ___________ A. being exhausted B. exhausting C. exhausted D. having exhausted 5._____ their new album on time, the two famous singers worked far into the night every day. A. Release B. Released C. To release D. Having released 6. The meeting________ next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems related to teena
M5 u1 Grammar Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning aims: Understand the usages of Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Important point: using Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning guidance: 阅读课本第5 页内容，自学《南方新课堂》，完成预习案 ［知识梳理］过去分词作定语和表语 1.过去分词概述：动词的过去分词也称为动词的ed形式，是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词只强调被动 和完成的意义。
【合作探究】专题训练 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday. 2．The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3．The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students. 4．The electric wire is __________(break)． 5．He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6．He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7．The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution. 8．The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building. 9．When we heard of the news，we were deeply ____________(move)． 10．They were ____________(frighten) to hear the ____________(frighten) sound. Ⅱ.补全句子 1．一座桥把这个岛屿与大陆连接起来,这个岛屿很容易过去。 The island,________________________________________________________________, is easy to go to. 2．从烹饪锅中救出的珍稀鱼已经被放回到了海里。 The rare fish，___________________________________________，has been returned to the sea. 3．于1911年创立的清华大学培育出了很多杰出而优秀的人物。 Tsinghua University,_______________________________________________,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 4．预计从全国挑选出来的队员在今年夏天的比赛中会给我们带来荣誉。 The players_____________________________________________________ are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 5．在四月份，成千上万的度假者因为火山灰云而滞留在国外。 In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________________________________ due to the volcanic ash cloud. 6．怀特太太给她的学生们看一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。 Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______________________________________. 7．我打电话的目的是询问一下刊登在昨日的《中国日报》上的职位的问题。
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子： 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语) 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified过去分词作定语) 3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语) 4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语) 5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语） 6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted过去分词作定语) 上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。 用法讲解 过去分词的作用 英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。 动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。 过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被 动”意义。 本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。 1. 与助动词一起构成谓语：
高中英语语法 动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习 第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 ) (She was getting on the car.) He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。 (She got on the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗 (Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗 (Someone knocked at the door just now.)
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版 内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、 宾语补足语和状语 编稿老师林静 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 二. 知识精讲 （一）动词的ing形式作表语 1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐 2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。 （二）动词的ing形式作定语 1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。 a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机 2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修 饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被 修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。 Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running). 没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
1.v-ing作状语可以修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随的情况等。 **时间状语 动词的ing形式作时间状语时相当于一个状语从句，几乎每一个动词ing作状语时都可以转换成一个时间状语从句。它表示动作如果和谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，此时常用动词的ing形式的一般式，在强调动词的ing形式表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，用动词ing的完成时。 Eg；1.arriving in Paris，I lost my way。 =when I arrived in Paris，I lost my way。到巴黎后，我迷路了。 2.Hearing the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 =when the boy heard the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 听到这个令人激动的消息，男孩高兴得跳起来。 3.we are ready for the examination，having made full preparations。 = we are ready for the examination，when we have made full preparations。 我们已经做好充分的准备，现在可以应考了。 **原因状语
动词的ing 作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句。它表示的原因的动词ing 形式短语一般置于句首。 Eg；1.having smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer。 =as he has smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer 由于抽烟过多，他得了肺癌。 2.living far from my company，I have to get up early。 =because I live far from my company，I have to get up early。 由于住得离公司远，我只好早起。 3.not knowing her address，I might as well call her to come over。 =because I do not know her address，I might as well call her to come over。 不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她来。 **结果状语 动词的ing作结果状语时，不常用，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。它可以转化成结果状语从句。 Eg；1.the fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable。 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。 **方式、伴随状语 动词ing表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明发生的背景或情况。 Eg，1.I stood by the door，not daring to say a word。 我站在门旁边，不敢说一句话。 2.my parents wrote me a letter ，telling me to change my job。 我父母来信让换我工作。 3.i lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time。 我躺在草地上，长时间的望天空。 4.talking and laughing，the kids walked one by one into the classroom。 孩子们有一个个说有笑的走进教室。 5.theycame running all the way。 他们一路跑过来。 **条件状语
过去分词专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分的用法（过去分词做定语，表语以及被动） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 2. This supermarket is now closed. 3. The blackboard was broken by Tom. 4. She had a worried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked interested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machine produced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were ___________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found husband’s death ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem ____________________(在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The children ________________________(昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7. The boy __________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8. The water ___________________________(送到他家的水) carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English ______________(300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists_________________ (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11. The students ___________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. Ⅳ. 基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being wounded 2. Lily seems very much___________ in the magazine, but I think it’s too expensive. A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting 3. All the passengers should remain___________ when the plane is making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. to be seating D. seated 4. After her journey from Australia, Sophie Armstrong returned home, ___________ A. being exhausted B. exhausting C. exhausted D. having exhausted
动词-ing做状语【学案】 （必修四第四单元语法点） 1.-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原 因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。 2. -ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。 1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When______________________, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After_______________________, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 注意：当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done _______________(finish) his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. 2. 作原因状语 -ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. =Because__________________, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =_______________he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为 他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。 3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If______________, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。