必修5课文翻译 Module 1 British and American English Words,Words,Words 英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。首先，最为明显的方面是在词汇方面。有成百上千的不同的词在大西洋彼岸是不被使用的或以不同的意思被使用。有一些词是非常有名的，美国人在高速公路上驾驶时给车（automobile 汽车）加油加的是gas；而英国人通常来给车加油用的是petrol（汽油）。做为一个游客，你在伦敦将会使用underground來指地铁或在纽约使用subway，或许你将会更愿意选择用出租车taxi（英国）或cab（美国）来游览城市。 Chips or French fries？ 但是其他词语和表达方式没有这麽广泛的被人所知。美国人把手电筒成为flashlight然而在英国，它被称做torch（火炬，火把；喷灯，吹管；光芒）。在英国英语当中，排队要用queue up 而在美国要用stand in line 。有的时候同一个单词在意义上有轻微差别，这和种差别有事会使人疑惑不解。例如：Chips 在英国中指的是油炸的或热炸的薯条；在美国，Chips 是非常薄的并且是放在袋里出售的。英国人称它为Crisps英国人所熟悉并喜欢的这中薯条在大西洋彼岸却被称之为French fries 。 Have or have got ？ 在语法方面英式英语和美式英语也有一些不同。英国人通常说“have you got ...?”而美国人更愿意使用“Do you have ...?”一个美国人通常会说“My friend has just arrived .”但是一个英国人通常会说“My friend has just arrived.”介词的用法也有一定不同：我们可以比较一下，在美式英语中用on the team ,on the weekend 在英式英语中用in the team ,at the weekend 。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时会省略掉（I’ll see you Monday ;Write me soon!）。 Colour or color? 此外，在两中英语中另外两个领域的区别是拼写和发音。美国人拼写看起来似乎简单些：center, color和programme。自从四百多年以前第一批移民到来有很多的因素影响着美式发音。这个与英式英语非常相似的口音能够在美国东海岸被听到。当爱尔兰的作家乔治.萧伯纳将这个“英国和美国是被一个语言分开两个民族”这句名言时，他显然想到了他们之间的差别。但是这些区别真的很重要吗？毕竟两个国家境内口音的差别可能和两个两国之间的口音差别可能一样多。伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话要比纽约人更难。
外研版高中英语必修8 全册教学设计教案
目录 Module 1 Deep South Period II Module 1 Deep South Period III Module 1 Deep South Period IV Module 1 Deep South Period V Module 1 Deep South Period VI Module 1 Deep South Period Ⅰ Module 1《Deep South》 Module 2 The Renaissance--cultural corner and task Module 2 The Renaissance--function and grammar Module 2 The Renaissance--reading and vocabulary 1 Module 2 The Renaissance--reading practice Module 2 The Renaissance--Vocabulary and writing Module 2 The Renaissance--word list and introduction Module 3 Foreign Food--function and grammar Module 3 Foreign Food--reading and vocabulary Module 3 Foreign Food--reading practice Module 3 Foreign Food--vocabulary and writing Module 3 Foreign Food--word list and introduction Module 4 Which English--Cultural corner Module 4 Which English--Grammar Module 4 Which English--Introduction Module 4 Which English--Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 4 Which English--Reading and Vocabulary Module 4 Which English--Reading Practice Module 4 Which English--Speaking-Reading and Vocabulary (2)-Writing-Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Introduction Reading and speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Reading and Vocabulary Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Grammar Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading and Vocabulary (2) Writing Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading Practice Module 6 《War and Peace-grammer》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Introduction》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Language Points》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Reading and writing》
外研版高中英语必修四课文文 本(总15页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除
Module 1 Reading The City of the Future What will the city of the future look like No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain— they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
外研版高中英语必修4 全册教学设计教案
目录 Module1 Period1 Introduction Reading and Vocabulary Module1 Period2 Function Listening and Speaking Module1 Period3 Grammar Pronunciation Module1 Period4 Writing Everyday English Module2 Period1 Introduction;Reading and Vocabulary Module2 Period2 Function;Listening and Speaking Module2 Period3 using language Module2 Period4 Speaking;Writing;Everyday English Module2 Period5 Cultural Corner;Task;Module File Module3 Period1 Introduction Module3 Period2 Module3 Period3 Module3 Period4 Module3 Period5 Module4 Period1 Introduction and writing Module4 Period2 Vocabulary and Reading Module4 Period3 Function;Grammar 1，2 Module4 Period4 Listening;Pronunciation；Speaking Module5 Period1 introduction; Vocabulary and Reading Module5 Period2 Grammar;Function;Pronunciation
外研社高中英语选修6单词表 Module1 small talk 闲谈，聊天(SH6 M1 P1) informal adj. 非正式的(SH6 M1 P1) serious adj. 严肃的(SH6 M1 P1) confidently adv. 自信地(SH6 M1 P2) make friends 交朋友，建立友谊(SH6 M1 P2) lack v. 缺乏，缺少(SH6 M1 P2) (be) nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安(SH6 M1 P2) advance adj. 预先的，在前的(SH6 M1 P2) think of 想起，回忆起(SH6 M1 P2) nod v. 点头(SH6 M1 P2) body language 身体语言，肢体语言(SH6 M1 P2) yawn v. 打呵欠(SH6 M1 P3) sigh v. 叹气，叹息(SH6 M1 P3) look away from 把目光从……移开(SH6 M1 P3) social rules 社交规则(SH6 M1 P3) in addition 除此之外，另外(SH6 M1 P3) find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）(SH6 M1 P3) opportunity n. 机会(SH6 M1 P3) obligation n. 责任；义务(SH6 M1 P4) prize n. 奖品，奖金(SH6 M1 P5) application n. 申请(SH6 M1 P5) form n. 表格(SH6 M1 P5) immigration n. 移民(SH6 M1 P5) visa n. 签证(SH6 M1 P5) impolite adj. 不礼貌的(SH6 M1 P6) tidy v. 使……整洁，整理(SH6 M1 P6) refund n. 退款(SH6 M1 P7) favour n. 恩惠，照顾(SH6 M1 P7) reception n. 欢迎会；招待会(SH6 M1 P7) embassy n. 使馆(SH6 M1 P7) certain pron. 某些(SH6 M1 P7) reply n. 回答，答复，回信(SH6 M1 P7) saleswoman n. 女推销员，女销售员(SH6 M1 P8) firm n. 公司(SH6 M1 P8) fax n. 传真（机）(SH6 M1 P8) outspoken adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的(SH6 M1 P8) human being 人类(SH6 M1 P8) motto n. 座右铭，格言(SH6 M1 P8) put one’s foot in one’s mouth 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话(SH6 M1 P8) shortcoming n. 缺点，短处(SH6 M1 P8) absence n. 缺乏，不存在(SH6 M1 P8)
外研版高中英语必修三课文 3.1 Great European Cities Paris the River of France, situated on Paris is the capital and largest city Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for of Paris. One of the tourists is the E iffel T ower, the f amous symbol world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city és. About two-thirds of is also famous for its restaurants, caf s and theatre France's artists and writers live in Paris. Barcelona of Spain and is the situated on the s econd largest city Barcelona is northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the an a rchitect called Antonio which was designed by Sagrada Familia, Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn't been finished yet! Florence because of the Florence is an Italian c ity which b ecame famous movement which began in the 1300s and Renaissance,a great artistic the R enaissance,some of the lasted for three hundred years. During in Florence. Many of greatest painters of all time l ived a nd worked Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. Athens as the birthplace of western Greece, is known Athens, the capital of was t he world's hundred years ago, it civilisation. Two t housand four most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** Period Two Language Points Ⅰ.语境填词 1．Tai Lihua，a deaf ________ (领头的) dancer once said，“You cannot choose what life you will have，but you can choose your attitude towards life.” 2．The Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press has decided to ________ (出版) the best-selling book. 3．His discovery has been proved to be a ______________ (突破)． 4．Whales are now an endangered ________ (物种) and protected by an international ban. 5．It is said that more help is needed for ________ (受害者)． 6．This wheat field has been ________ (转化) to planting trees. 7．I want to become a film ________ (制片人) and make many good films for people. 8．As we all know，wheat is the ________ (主要的) food in northern China. 9．With the development of ________________ (农业) and industry，more and more people are living a better life. 10．Sometimes ________ (质量) is much more important than quantity. Ⅱ.选词填空 be known for；by accident；make a breakthrough；be converted to；as a result of 1．She hurt her finger ________________ when cutting vegetables. 2．Many beautiful fishes are fast disappearing ________________ the heavy pollution. 3．The city ________________ its good weather and attracts a lot of tourists. 4．If you want to ________________ on this subject，you must work harder. 5．In some condition，coal can ________________ gas. Ⅲ.同义词辨析 1．用publish或come out的适当形式填空 (1)The magazine ________________ a long story written by a college student. (2)The first edition of the novel ________________ in 1990. (3)All of that author’s novels were ________________ by the company. 2．用as a result of或as a result填空 (1)________________ the earthquake，thousands of people lost their homes. (2)________________，he lost the chance，which made him very disappointed. (3)He didn’t study hard，________________，he didn’t pass the exam. Ⅳ.单项填空 1．When I entered the classroom，I found that the blackboard was covered with maths ________. A．forms B．figures C．shapes D．signs 2．His parents died when he was very young，so he was ________ by his grandmother. A．brought up B．grown up C．taken up D．picked up 3．I advise you to take school more seriously，otherwise you’ll have to go out and work ________. A．as a result B．now and then C．in a word D．at that moment 4．Don’t forget ________ foods like sugar and salt when you go to the shop. A．staple B．stable
第一学期期末考试 高二英语试卷 注：卷面分值150分；时间：120分钟。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Peng Liyuan，wife of President Xi Jinping, has drawn extensive attention from people both at home and abroad for her charm and grace/politeness. Accompanying her husband on his first overseas trip after becoming president, Peng Liyuan showed a pleasant personality and well-chosen dress, creating the “Liyuan style”. Peng Liyuan, as one of China’s best-known singers, was popular among Chinese people long before her husband became the president. Loved by her fans, she has been in touch with the people for years. “Liyuan style” first lies in her dressing style. The beautiful handbags Peng has carried, and the plain but elegant dresses she has worn have become popular. Her choice of clothing, made-in-China instead of luxurious foreign brands, shows her belief in domestic dress designs. But “Liyuan style” is not only about clothing. It is also about diplomacy and promoting China’s soft power. In Moscow, Peng visited a boarding school for orphans and children away from their parents, encouraging them to struggle for a better life, which brought out the maternal side of her character. In Tanzania, she donated sewing machines and school bags to women and children. And as a World Health Organization ambassador in the fight against AIDS, Peng is devoted to many public causes, including those relating to charity and healthcare. 1. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “domestic”? A. of elegance B. popular C. of own country D. foreign 2. This passage is mainly about__________. A. President Xi’s wife Peng B. a cultural phenomenon named as “Liyuan style” C. Peng Liyuan’s charming character D. the achievements of Peng on charity and healthcare. 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. “Liyuan style” is only a fashion idol. B. Peng Liyuan, as the wife of President Xi, admires lots of luxurious brands. C. Peng firstly appears in the publ ic as the “First Lady” in Moscow. D. Peng Liyuan is willing to fight against AIDS and become an ambassador of WHO. B Volunteering Just like the animals we shelter, people are very special to us. The Animal Shelter of Sacramento County has 300 active volunteers and always wants to add more. If you have a few hours each week and a love for dogs and cats, we at the shelter welcome your coming. Children 10 years of age or older are allowed to take part in some of our programs as youth volunteers when accompanied (陪伴) by an adult. The adult car be a parent, or guardian (监护人) 18 years of age or olden Youth V olunteer Opportunities Youth volunteers may fill the position of dog nuzzler, cat snuggler, or kennel aide, if there are openings. Please call our volunteer information hotline at 800-290-5992 to hear a recording of the positions available. Dog Nuzzlers
外研版高中英语教材评价 我所在的黑龙江省已经进行新课改多年，教材也从我高中时使用的人教版变成了现在学生使用的外研社版教材，以下是我对外研版高中英语教材的几点认识： 1.新教材采取必修课与选修课相结合的课程设置模式，为学生提供多种选择，以适应个性需求。英语高中教材共分11个模块：学生学完必修1-5模块，掌握2500的词汇量，将会达到课程标准7级要求；学完顺序选修6-8模块，将会达到3500的词汇量（3000个单词和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配）和课程标准8级的要求。高中英语课程既关注社会的需求，也满足不同学生的发展需求，为每个学生提供自主选择和自我发展的机会。 2.新教材的设计以人为本，以学生的年龄和认知能力为基础，注重了初高中英语知识技能的的衔接，在必修1-5的教材中，内容贴近生活，文字简单易懂，比如必修1的第一模块My First Day at Senior High,介绍一个高中新生第一天到校的情况，课文中用的语言也是很简单的，例如必修 1 中的课文及习题是初中学习中经常出现的表达，类似的语言反复出现，其实就是复习初中英语知识，对初高中的英语起到了较好的衔接作用。高中阶段的英语教材呈现出一种阶梯状，初中过渡到高中，难度逐步递增，符合学生的认知能力，为学生的在英语上的进一步学习深造打下了扎实的基础，也培养了学生的自主发展能力。 3.新教材重视词汇的学习和词汇学习能力的培养。除了在书后面附有词汇表外，每个模块中都有多种关于词汇训练的题型，在教材词汇题型中有很多是根据句子的描述选择正确的单词与之相匹配，这体现出英语课标更注重培养学生用英语思维和理解的能力，还有一部分题型是让学生按照几类意思将单词分别归纳出来，由识别、理解到运用训练，可以提高学生的综合语言运用能力，这是语言学习过程中不可缺少的学习策略，符合语言学习的规律。此外，每个单元出现的单词较多，但是经过对这些单词的分析，我们可以发现单词表中很多单词是具有相同词根的词，这样既又便于学生理解学习，还可以渗透词根的教学，便于学生背单词。面对3500个词汇的学习要求，这就需要教师在日常教学活动中培养学生学习单词的方法，如词根记忆法、读音记忆法等，以提高学生的词汇学习能力，有效扩
【推荐】2020年外研版高中英语必修一（全册）精品教案汇总 第一学期高一英语讲义1 Book 1 Module 1 My First Day at Senior High 课时1词汇; 课型A（基础）；课长30分钟 一、词汇互译 1.____________________ 换句话说 2. ____________________ 期待, 盼望 3. ____________________ 在……开始的时候 4. ____________________ 在……结束的时候 5. ____________________ 上大学 6. ____________________ 被（划）分成…… 7. take part in ____________________ 8. ____________________ 理科 9. ____________________ A 与 B 之间的区别 10. be similar to … ____________________ 11. ____________________ 对…的态度 12. teaching method ____________________ 13. ____________________ 写下, 记下 14. nothing like ____________________ 15. have fun ____________________ make fun of … ____________________ 16. 倍数表达法：
A is three times____________________ B. A is three times ____________________B. A is three times ____________________B. 17. ____________________ 不同于… 18. ____________________ 和…一样 二、词汇运用 1.the differences between A and B 你知道英语和美语有什么区别吗？ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.one’s attitude to \ towards sth. (doing sth.) 对于学习英语, 你的态度是怎样的？ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.behave oneself/behave badly 老实点！ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.be friendly to 他对待别人总是很友好。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.introduce A to B\oneself 首先请允许我介绍一下自己。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.in other words 你明天不用来上班了。换句话说, 你被炒了。 ______________________________________________________________________________
外研版高中英语必修4 单词表 M1 brick n. 砖 concrete n. 混凝土 mud n. 泥 alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的crime n. 罪；罪行 for sure 肯定地 prediction n. 预测 risky adj. 危险的；冒险的 resource n.（常作复数）资源 run out （某物）用完；不多了；没有了material n. 材料 rely vi. 依赖；依靠 rely on 依靠 solar adj. 太阳的urban adj. 都市的；城市的get rid of 除掉；处理掉load vt. 装；装载 landfill n. 垃圾填埋地arrest vt. 逮捕；拘留criminal n. 罪犯；犯人fire vt. 开火；启动 limit n. （常作复数）范围outdoors adv. 户外 online adv. 联机地catalogue n. 目录command n. 命令；指令place order 订购recreation n. 娱乐；消遣bowling n. 保龄球游戏softball n. 垒球（运动）
charge n. 费用；价钱 free of charge 免费 power vt. 供给动力 flick n. 轻打；轻弹 switch n. 开关vi. 交换；调换surgery n. 外科手术 telesurgery n. 远距离手术outpatient n. 门诊病人 clinic n. 诊所 disability n. 失去能力；伤残attach vt. 系；贴；连接spaceport n. 宇航基地 use up 用完 look out 小心；当心 optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义SHB4 M2 trolleybus n. 电车 be connected to 与……相连wire n. 电线 suburban adj. 郊区的；市郊的be / get stuck in 被困在……in no time 马上；一会儿display vt. 展示；陈列 cab n. 出租汽车；计程车permit n. 执照；许可证 receipt n. 收据 get around 到处旅行；四处走动fare n. 车费 air-conditioned adj. 带空调的limit vt. 限制 destination n. 目的地；终点
英文音标词性中文模块small talk 闲谈，聊天(SH6 M1) informal /in'f?:ml/ adj. 非正式的(SH6 M1) serious /'s??r??s/ adj. 严肃的(SH6 M1) confidently /'k?nfid?ntli/ adv. 自信地(SH6 M1) make friends 交朋友，建立友谊(SH6 M1) lack /l?k/ v. 缺乏，缺少(SH6 M1) be nervous about对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安(SH6 M1) advance /?d'vɑ:ns/ adj. 预先的，在前的(SH6 M1) think of 想起，回忆起(SH6 M1) nod /n?d/ v. 点头(SH6 M1) body language 身体语言，肢体语言(SH6 M1) yawn /j?:n/ v. 打呵欠(SH6 M1) sigh /sa?/ v. 叹气，叹息(SH6 M1) look away from 把目光从……移开(SH6 M1) social rules 社交规则(SH6 M1) in addition 除此之外，另外(SH6 M1) find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）(SH6 M1) opportunity /,?p?'tju:n?t?/ n. 机会(SH6 M1) obligation /??bl?'ge??n/ n. 责任；义务(SH6 M1) prize /pra?z/ n. 奖品，奖金(SH6 M1) application /??pl?'ke??n/ n. 申请(SH6 M1) form /f?:rm/ n. 表格(SH6 M1) immigration /??m?'gre??n/ n. 移民(SH6 M1) visa /'v?:z?/ n. 签证(SH6 M1) impolite /??mp?'la?t/ adj. 不礼貌的(SH6 M1) tidy /'ta?d?/ v. 使……整洁，整理(SH6 M1) refund /r?:'f?nd/ n. 退款(SH6 M1) favour /'feiv?/ n. 恩惠，照顾(SH6 M1) reception /r?'sep?n/ n. 欢迎会；招待会(SH6 M1) embassy /'emb?s?/ n. 使馆(SH6 M1) certain /'s?:tn/ pron. 某些(SH6 M1) reply /r?'pla?/ n. 回答，答复，回信(SH6 M1) saleswoman /se?lz?w?m?n/ n. 女推销员，女销售员(SH6 M1) firm /f?:m/ n. 公司(SH6 M1) fax /f?ks/ n. 传真（机）(SH6 M1) outspoken /,aut'sp?uk?n/ adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的(SH6 M1) human being 人类(SH6 M1) motto /'m?t??/ n. 座右铭，格言(SH6 M1) put one’s foot in 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话(SH6 M1) one’s mouth shortcoming /??:t,k?mi?/n. 缺点，短处(SH6 M1) absence /'?bs?ns/ n. 缺乏，不存在(SH6 M1)
Module 1 small talk 闲谈，聊天 informal adj. 非正式的 serious adj. 严肃的 confidently adv. 自信地 make friends 交朋友，建立友谊 lack v. 缺乏，缺少 (be) nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安 advance adj. 预先的，在前的 think of 想起，回忆起 nod v. 点头 body language 身体语言，肢体语言 yawn v. 打呵欠 sigh v. 叹气，叹息 look away from 把目光从……移开 social rules 社交规则 in addition 除此之外，另外 find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）opportunity n. 机会 obligation n. 责任；义务 prize n. 奖品，奖金 application n. 申请 form n. 表格 immigration n. 移民 visa n. 签证 impolite adj. 不礼貌的 tidy v. 使……整洁，整理 refund n. 退款 favour n. 恩惠，照顾 reception n. 欢迎会；招待会 embassy n. 使馆 certain pron. 某些 reply n. 回答，答复，回信 saleswoman n. 女推销员，女销售员 firm n. 公司 fax n. 传真（机） outspoken adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的human being 人类 motto n. 座右铭，格言 put one’s foot in one’s mouth 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话 shortcoming n. 缺点，短处 absence n. 缺乏，不存在 as a consequence 因此，结果 systematic adj. 非偶然的，经常的 coincidence n. 巧合 customer n. 顾客，客户 mature adj. 成熟的 awkward adj. 尴尬的tease v. 戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄 typist n. 打字员 contradict v. 反驳 pregnant adj. 怀孕的 apology n. 道歉，致歉 cautious adj. 谨慎的，慎重的，小心的acquaintance n. 熟人 messy adj. 棘手的，难办的 divorce n. 离婚，离异 cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来 fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 clerk n. 职员，办事员 haircut n. 发型，发式 anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何 modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的 brunch n. 早午餐（早餐与午餐合并吃的一餐）anniversary n. 周年纪念日 hostess n. 女主人 interrupt v. 打断 leave out 省去，删去 factual adj. 实际的，事实的，确实的 genuine adj. 纯粹的，真正的，真实的hospitable adj. 好客的，殷勤的 secretive adj. 秘而不宣的，隐藏的 violate v. 骚扰，妨碍，侵犯 define v. 解释，给……下定义 (be) aware of 知道 take the lead 带头，领先 graciously adv. 优雅地 show off 炫耀 function n. 功能 psychologist n. 心理学家 successful adj. 成功的 formula n. 法则；原则 imagine v. 想象 purpose n. 目的 circumstance n. 情形，情况 apologise v. 道歉 comfortable adj. 舒适的，舒服的