怎样将一个句子改为宾语从句
一、定主句
二、定主句的谓语动词变不变，根据从句的类型来定，从句为陈述句，主句的谓语动词则不
变；从句为疑问句（一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）主句的谓语动词sa y→ask,say to sb.
→ask sb.
三、定连词：由从句的类型来定：从句为陈述句，连词→用that,从句为一般疑问句，连词
用→if/whether,从句为特殊疑问句，连词→用本身的特殊疑问词作连词。
四、定从句的人称：从句中第一人称改为与主句的主语相一致的人称，从句中的第二人称改
为第一人称，第三人称不变。
五、定从句的时态：从句的时态变与不变由主句的时态决定，怎样变由从句的本身时态决定。
主句的时态与现在有关时，从句可以用任何时态，主句的时态与过去有关时，从句应将原来的时态改为相应的过去时态（巧记为：主现从实，主过从相过）
六、定从句的语序宾语从句必须改为陈述语序（注意助动词的去留：助动词为do/does/did
则应去掉，而在原来的谓语动词上体现出来；助动词为be/can/don’t/doesn’t/didn’t 则必须保留下来，还原在陈述句原来的位置上。）
七、注意特殊情况
①从句为祈使句时,应该改为下列句型：主句的主语+ask/tell/order/asks/tells/orders/asked/told/ordered (谓语动词的时态根据主句原来的时态来定)+人宾语（两个句子中的另一个人，代词用宾格）（not）to do sth.(肯定祈使句用to do sth,否定祈使句用not to do sth)
②当直接引语为客观真理时,从句的时态不变,与主句无关。
The teacher tells/told us,"The moon moves round the earth."
→The teacher tells/told us that the moon moves round the earth
③如果主句为Could/Would you tell me时,不表过去时态,而是语气较Can/Will you tell me更委婉的表达方式。因此从句时态不变。(直接引语中的二人称不变)
Could you tell me? Are you a teacher?→Could you tell me if/whether you are a teacher.
④直接引语中,有any,anything,anybody,anyone时,改为宾语从句后,不能改为some及其合成词。Do you know? Does anyone live here?→Do you know if/whether anyone lives here?
⑤if/when引导宾语从句及状语从句的区别：
I want to know if/when he _____(come) . If/When he _______(come), I_________(tell) you.(=I_________(tell) you if/when he _______(come) . )
（if 引导宾语从句时，意思是“是否”，如果从句的动作没有发生，应该用将来时态表示将来；if引导状语从句，意思是“如果”，如果主句为将来时态，if要点的从句用一般现在时态表示将来（简记为“主将从现”）。when引导宾语从句时，意思是“什么时候”，如果从句的动作没有发生，应该用将来时态表示将来；when引导状语从句，意思是“当……时候”，如果主句为将来时态，if要点的从句用一般现在时态表示将来（简记为“主将从现”）。）
⑥if与whether的区别在以下情况中只用whether不用if.
I放在句前时：I don't know whether /if he will come.= Whether he will come, I don't know.
II与or not连用时:"Do you like English or not?" He asked.
→He asked Whether I liked English or not.
III与to do连用时：
He wants to know whether /if we will go .=He wants to know whether to go.
IV做介词的宾语时：He thinks about whether he was born in China.
V从句中有两种选择时:Tell me whether you go with us or stay at home.
⑦选择连词填空时
⑴缺什么选什么: 缺时间选→when/what time 缺地点选→where,
缺定语选→which/whose/how much/how many/ what class/grade,
缺状语选→how/how often/how soon/how long, 缺人选→who/whom
⑵不缺的则选that或if/whether,动词为say/say to sb/tell sb则选→that(整个句子表达陈述语气时)；动词为ask/ask sb则选→if/whether(整个句子表达疑问语气时)
宾语从句专项练习 一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me ____ light ____ faster than sound. 3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know .Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4．Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5．Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games. 6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8．Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car? 9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know. I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ _____. 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me ________
宾语从句用法及其例句 宾语从句用法 时态： 1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
宾语从句专项练习题
宾语从句专项练习题 选择填空 1. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what 2. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if 3. A: Could you tell me ________ she is looking for? B: Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which 4. I want to know________. A. what is his name B. what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 5. Could you tell me________? A. when did Tom come back B. when does Tom come back C. when Tom will come back D. when Tom comes back 6. A: Could you tell me ________? B: I'm not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 7. Mr. King didn't know ________ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 8. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. which 9. I wonder ________ you would like to come to my birthday party. A. that B. whether C. that if D. that whether 10. A: I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive? B: Usually it comes by 4:00. A. how B. where C. when D. what 11. Do you know ________ during the coming holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 12. The teacher told us that light ________ much faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. would travel D. had traveled 13. Do you know if ________ back next week? If he ________ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有： make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成：
一、用that,if 或 whether 填空 1.I hope__________Shanghai Football Team can win the match. 2.I want to know___________the foreign guests visited them the day before yesterday. 3.I don’t know __________Jack can jump father than Peter. 4.Lucy told me __________the famous singer would come to China the next week. 5. I wonder____________they will go on with their research work or not. 6.Do you think ___________the tortoise can live up to 150 years old 7.Could you tell me________it will rain tomorrow. 8.I am sure___________he has known the answers to the questions. 9.I want to know___________she will take part in Mary’s birthday party. 10.Sandy has decided_____________she will go to Canada with her boyfriend. 一、将下列句子合并成含有宾语从句的复合句 1. Does it often rain here in spring Could you tell me _________________________________________________ teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.” _________________________________________________ 3. “The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told us. ________________________________________________ asked , “Do these foreign visitors come from Germany or America” ________________________________________________ 从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 （）1. I don't know _______ he will come tomorrow. ______ he comes, I'll tell you． A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If （）2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come （）3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is B. how C. whether D. where （）4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended （）5. I want to know _________. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after （）6. Do you know where _________ now A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live （）7. Do you know what time _________ A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves （）8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
1. 宾语从句的语序和时态练习 一、选择最佳答案填空。 1. She is sure _____________. A. you were not there B. were you not there C. weren’t you not there D. are you not there 【解析】：选A。 宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除BCD；主句是现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态，故选A。 2. I will find out _________. A. why is he late B. why isn’t he late C. why late he is D. why he is late 【解析】：选D。 宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除ABC；主句是将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态，故选D。 3. Tom wondered ______. A. when will the accident happen B. when did the accident happen C. when the accident happened D. when the accident happens 【解析】：选C。 宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除AB；主句是过去时，从句也应用表示过去的时态，故选C。 4. Jane decided _______. A. will she accept the gift B. would she accept the gift C. she will accept the gift D. she would accept the gift 【解析】：选D。 此句是宾语从句，引导词that被省略了；宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除AB；主句是过去时，更多专项练习请搜索汪星人英语，从句也应采用表示过去的时态，此处采用过去将来时，故选D。 5. Do you know ________? A. when will the show begin B. when the show will begin C. when will begin the show D. when won’t the show begin 【解析】：选B。
.初步了解句子成分和句子种类，为正确使用句子打好基础； .学会划分句子成分，为学习各种从句打好基础； . 激发学生地兴趣与潜能. ：简单句地五种基本类型 ：以旧带新；英汉对照；由浅入深 : : : : .个人收集整理勿做商业用途 ：：.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 : : 汉语地句子成分有：个人收集整理勿做商业用途 英语地句子成分有：个人收集整理勿做商业用途 主语( ) 是指“什么人或什么事”由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子来充当.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 谓语() 是指主语发出地动作，即“做……”“干……”,由动词来充当； 宾语()：指主语发出地动作涉及到地对象，即干了“什么”，可以担当宾语地成分同主语个人收集整理勿做商业用途 定语() 用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词地特点.能作定语地主要有形容词、分词、不定式和从句.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 状语() 用来限制谓语动词或整个句子，说名动作发生地时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、程度等等，常用副词或从句来完成.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 补语(): 与主语、宾语、表语是指同一个人或同一件事，由名词充当，主要有主语补足语、宾语补足语、标语补足语.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 表语()：跟在系动词后，指主语是个什么样地人或处于什么状态，由名词或形容词充当.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 : : 让学生列举都见过哪些类型地句子，老师归纳总结： . 全部地英语句子一共分为三大类：, , 个人收集整理勿做商业用途 . 简单句地定义：就是由主语（或并列主语），个谓语（或并列谓语），个宾语（或并列宾语），构成地句子，叫简单句.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 : . . . 简单句根据句子结构也就是句子成分，可以分为: 种基本类型. ① . ② . ③ . ④ . ⑤ .个人收集整理勿做商业用途 根据五种基本句型，加上修饰词，改变一下时态、语态可以构成无数句子. : 说出下列句子属于那种结构地句子 ) . . . . . ) . . .
宾语从句练习题 宾语从句小口诀 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、巩固练习 you decided ________for Australia A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave you tell me _________ A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives old man asked me ________ . A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema think _______ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how didn’t know _______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how wonder _________ . A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost asked me _________ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is him ___. A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup don’t know _________ . A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts doctor asked me how long ________ . A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill weather forecast doesn’t say _________. A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow you know _________ A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to you tell me where _________ A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape want to know _________ A. where is the hospital B. how old are you C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying wanted to know _________. A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
宾语从句专项练习(含答案)宾语从句：用一个完整句子充当前面某个谓语动词的宾语对象 不论宾语从句由什么引导词引导，也不论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句一律用陈述句语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”结构。判断正误： We don't know when will they arrive. ( ) We don't know when they will arrive. ( ) Could you tell me who is he waiting for? ( ) Could you tell me who he is waiting for? ( ) 注意：特殊疑问词作主语时，如果语序本来就是“主语＋谓语”结构，则语序不再变化。如： Please tell me. Who will give us a talk this afternoon？(合并为一句) →Please tell me _____________us a talk this afternoon. 宾语从句在时态上应遵循时态呼应原则 在宾语从句中，谓语动词时态要受到主句谓语动词时态的制约，一般要遵循以下三条原则： 1．主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来，则宾语从句根据实际选用时态。如： Will you tell us which places you visited during the vacation? 2．如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句需要使用表示过去的某种时态。如： I knew she had cleaned the classroom already. 3．宾语从句所表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、谚语等，多用一般现在时。如： He said time is money. Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 宾语从句的“否定转移” 当主句的谓语动词为think, believe等词，且主语为第一人称时，从句中的否定词not应转移到主句谓语动词。如： 合并为一句 宾语从句的简化结构 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句通常可以简化成“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，此时主从复合句也就变成了简 单句，但简化必须符合以下两种条件： 1．简单句的疑问词为原宾语从句的引导词； 2．原从句的主语应与主句的主语或间接宾语一致。 I don't know what I should do next.(改为简单句) →I don't know ____________________. 含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句 1．陈述部分是“I/We think (know, believe, suppose, consider)＋that从句”或者是“I'm/We're sure that; I'm/We're afraid that; I/We hope that; It seems that”时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从句一致，但需注意否定前移的情况。如： I don't think he is right, ____________？ I'm sure that you know him well, ______________？ 2．如果主语是其他人称，附加疑问部分的主语和主句一致。如： Your father believed you could succeed, ______________？ Kate doesn't know if Jim is a good singer, ______________？ 宾语从句中人称的变化 注意宾语从句中人称代词的正确使用。一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。 解题技巧：
宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 1.宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who ha s won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗? I don’t know whom you shoul d depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you shoul d buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please t ell me how you read the new panel? 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 2.动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for th e concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都买光了. Can you work out ho w much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有: make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心kee p in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,c onsider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. ②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有: hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. I take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的. When you s tart the engine, you must see to it that car is it neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you s aid to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discovered what we had lear ned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的. 3.介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we amdit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaces hip was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的. 用t hat,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知. 4.形容词的宾语从句常用来
句子结构及句子种类 Teaching aims:1.初步了解句子成分和句子种类，为正确使用句子打好基础； 2.学会划分句子成分，为学习各种从句打好基础； 3. 激发学生的兴趣与潜能。 Important points：简单句的五种基本类型 Teaching method：以旧带新；英汉对照；由浅入深 Teaching aids : A learning guide Teaching procedures: Step One : Revision : Revise some words and phrases. Step Two：Revision：revise different parts of speech in English sentences. Step Three: Presentation: 汉语的句子成分有：____________ _______ _____________ _________ 英语的句子成分有：_______ _______ ________ _______ _______ _______ _____ 主语subjective ( s) 是指“什么人或什么事”由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子来充当。 谓语verb (v) 是指主语发出的动作，即“做……”“干……”,由动词来充当； 宾语objective (O)：指主语发出的动作涉及到的对象，即干了“什么”，可以担当宾语的成分同主语 定语attributive (a) 用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的特点。能作定语的主要有形容词、分词、不定式和从句。 状语adverbial (ad) 用来限制谓语动词或整个句子，说名动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、程度等等，常用副词或从句来完成。 补语compliments(c): 与主语、宾语、表语是指同一个人或同一件事，由名词充当， 主要有主语补足语、宾语补足语、标语补足语。
宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，在句中可以作谓语动词、介词、某些形容词及过去分词的宾语。 E.g: I don’t know what he said. That depends on where we go. I am not sure where he lives. I am surprised that he passed the exam. 二、句子结构： 主句+连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句 三、引导词 1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring. 注意：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 （1）and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，可以省略第一个连词that，放在and或者but 的后面的that不能省略。 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 （2）that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。 I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 （3）主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 （4）当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause, that不可省略 I think it certain that she will do well in her exam. 2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如: David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night. I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 注意:whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether. e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain. ②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。 e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解） ③宾语从句中有or not时,只用whether不用if. e.g. I don’t know whether the report is true or not. ④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 也可与不定式连用。 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.
宾语从句基本讲解与练习 宾语从句小口诀 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； if/whether,引，一般疑问句陈述句转that 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、概念宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。在句子中起到二、连接词 在从句中不。that在非正式场合that可以省略)1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that ( 充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。没有人告诉杰克第二天有班No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day. 会。Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn't pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, 从句做宾语的动词有：that1】可跟【拓展等。agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定expect think, believe, suppose, 【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是
时，常把否定转移至主句表示。我认为他不会在会上发言的。I don't think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.so等后，可用等动词以及I'm afraid 【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 代替一个否定的宾语从句。代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not eg: --- Do you believe he will come? 你相信他会来吗？ --- I believe so. 我相信会。 我相信不会。I don't believe so. (或I believe not.) --- 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语引导的宾语从句, whether或if 2. 以。或whetherif在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”从句，从句是陈述句语序。He asked me if he might use my knife. →He asked me. ？eg: “May I use your knife” 】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人1【注意1 称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。 eg: “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me whether I know her telephone number. 【注意2】：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 ①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。 eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。 ②引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether。 eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行