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上海外国语大学英语专业考研资料 历年翻译分享

上海外国语大学英语专业考研资料  历年翻译分享
上海外国语大学英语专业考研资料  历年翻译分享

上外英专历年翻译试题分享

这是论坛上一位好心的学长发给我的,我整理了下帖上来,和大家一起分享!!

上海外国语大学1991年攻读硕士学位研究生考试试卷

考试科目:翻译与现代汉语

I. Translate the following passage into Chinese.(25%)

Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such it is precious as the sign of an indestructible instinct. Perhaps the time is already come when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life, cannot always be fed on the mere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt that poetry will revive lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, which now flames in our zenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the polestar for a thousand years? (Excerpted from The American Scholar by R.W. Emerson)

II. Translate the following passage into English.(25%)

海风微微的吹过岛上,白日里剩下的热气全吹走了。夜晚是很静寂的。全个岛落在一层

柔软的黑暗的网里。只有深蓝色的天空中闪烁着无数的明星,这里的星似乎比在别的地方都明亮。人们常常这样说:白天的太阳使这个岛特别明亮,夜里是星子使这个岛特别灿烂。灯光渐次的灭了。一些建筑稀落的耸立在黑暗里,被茂盛的树木掩盖着。路是几条螺旋

形的山路,交缠着,从岩石般的山顶蜿蜒的伸下来,到了下面便是比较热闹的街市,这时沿街的商店已经大半关了门。路再伸过去,那外面一层,靠着码头一带,便是几家旅馆,都是些三层的楼房,从这些新式窗户里射出来较多的灯光在海面上。

上海外国语大学1997年攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题

英语语言文学专业考试科目:翻译

I. Translate the following passage into Chinese.(25%)

To a professional critic (I have been one myself) theatre-going is the curse of Adam. The play

is the evil he is paid to endure in the sweat of his brow, and the sooner it is over, the better. This would seem to place him in irreconcilable opposition to the paying playgoer, from whose point of view the longer the play, the more entertainment he gets for his money. It does in fact so place him, especially in the provinces, where the playgoer goes to the theatre for the sake of the play solely, and insists to effectively on a certain number of hours? entertainment that touring managers are sometimes seriously embarrassed by the brevity of the London plays they have to deal in.

For in London the critics are reinforced by a considerable body of person who go to the

theatre as many others go to church, to display their best clothes and compare them with other people?s; to be in the fashion, and have something to talk about at dinner parties; to adore a pet performer; to pass the evening anywhere rather than at home; in short, for any or every reason except interest in dramatic art as such. In fashionable centers the number of irreligious people who go to church, of unmusical people who go to concerts and operas, and of undramatic people who

go to the theatre, is so prodigious that sermons have been cut down to ten minutes and plays to two hours; and, even at that, congregations sit longing for the benediction and audiences for the final curtain, so that they may get away to the lunch or supper they really crave for, after arriving as late as late as (or later than) the hour of beginning can possibly be made for them.

Thus from the stalls and in the Press an atmosphere of hypocrisy spreads. Nobody says

straight out that genuine drama is a tedious nuisance, and that to ask people to endure more than two hours of it (with two long intervals of reliet) is an intolerable imposition.

II. Translate the following passage into English.(25%)

这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉,忽然想起日日走过的荷塘,在这满月的

光里,总该另有一番样子吧。月亮渐渐地升高了,墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑,已经听不见了;妻在屋里拍着闰儿,迷迷糊糊地哼着眠歌。我悄悄地披了大衫,带上门出去。

沿着荷塘,是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条幽僻的路;白天也少人走,夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四面,长着许多树,蓊蓊郁郁的。路的一旁,是些杨柳,和一些不知道名字的树。没有月光的晚上,这路上阴森森的,有些怕人。今晚却很好,虽然月光也还是淡淡的。

路上只我一个人,背着手踱着。这一片天地好像是我的;我也像超出了平常的自己,到

了另一世界里。我爱热闹,也爱冷静;爱群居,也爱独处。像今晚上,一个人在这苍茫的月下,什么都可以想,什么都可以不想,便觉是个自由的人。白天里一定要做的事,一定要说的话,现在都可不理。这是独处的妙处,我且受用这无边的荷香月色好了。

上海外国语大学

1999攻读硕士研究生入学考试

翻译与现代汉语试卷(三小时内完成)

1. Translate the following into Chinese(25%)

At this last presidential inauguration of the 20th century, let us lift our eyes toward the challenges that await us in the next century. It is our great good fortune that time and chance have put us not only at the edge of a new century, in a new millennium, but on the edge of a bright new prospect in human affairs -- a moment that will define our course, and our character, for decades

to come. We must keep our old democracy forever young. Guided by the ancient vision of a promised land, let us set our sights upon a land of new promise.

The promise of America was born in the 18th century out of the bold conviction that we are

all created equal. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century, when our nation spread across the continent, saved the union, and abolished the awful scourge of slavery.

Then, in turmoil and triumph, that promise exploded onto the world stage to make this the American Century. And what a century it has been. America became the world's mightiest industrial power; saved the world from tyranny in two world wars and a long cold war; and time and again, reached out across the globe to millions who, like us, longed for the blessings of liberty.

Along the way, Americans produced a great middle class and security in old age; built

unrivaled centers of learning and opened public schools to all; split the atom and explored the heavens; invented the computer and the microchip; and deepened the wellspring of justice by making a revolution in civil rights for African Americans and all minorities, and extending the circle of citizenship, opportunity and dignity to women.

Now, for the third time, a new century is upon us, and another time to choose. We began the

19th century with a choice, to spread our nation from coast to coast. We began the 20th century with a choice, to harness the Industrial Revolution to our values of free enterprise, conservation, and human decency. Those choices made all the difference. At the dawn of the 21st century a free people must now choose to shape the forces of the Information Age and the global society, to unleash the limitless potential of all our people, and, yes, to form a more perfect union.

2. Translate the following into English(25%)

要全面认识公有制经济的含义,公有制经济不仅包括国有经济和集体经济,还包括混合

所有制经济中的国有成分和集体成分。公有制的主体地位主要体现在,公有资产在社会总资产中占优势:国有经济控制国民经济命脉,对经济发展起主导作用。这是就全国而言,有的地方,有的产业可以有所差别。公有资产占优势,要有量的优势,更要注重质的提高。只要坚持公有制为主体,国家控制国民经济命脉,国有经济的控制力和竞争力得到加强,在这个前提下,国有经济比重减少一些,不会影响我国的社会主义性质。

集体所有制经济是公有制经济的重要组成部分。集体经济可以体现共同致富原则,可以

广泛吸收社会分散资金,缓解就业压力,增加公共积累和国家税收。要支持、鼓励和帮助城乡多种形式集体经济的发展。这对发挥公有制经济的主体作用意义重大。

上外英专历年翻译试题(分享)2

上外2000攻读硕士研究生入学考试英语语言文学专业翻译试卷

1. Translate the following into Chinese(50%)

It is simple enough to say that since books have classes —— fiction, biography, poetry ——we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticise at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being nulike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty-two chapters of a novel —— if we consider how to read a novel first —— are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building: but words are more impalpable than bricks; reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you —— how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.

2. Translate the following into English(50%)

我们必须从理论上搞懂,资本主义与社会主义的区分不在于是计划还是市场这样的问

题。社会主义也有市场经济,资本主义也有计划控制。不要以为搞点市场经济就是资本主义道路,没有那么回事。计划和市场都得要。不搞市场,连世界上的信息都不知道,是自甘落后。

不要怕冒一点风险。我们已经形成了一种能力,承担风险的能力。为什么这次治理通货膨胀能够见效这么快,而且市场没有受多大影响,货币也没有受多大影响?原因就是有这十一二年改革开放的基础。改革开放越前进,承担和抵抗风险的能力就越强。我们处理问题,要完全没有风险不可能,冒点风险不怕。

沿海如何帮助内地,这是一个大问题。可以由沿海一个省包内地一个省或两个省,也不要一下子负担太重,开始时可以做某些技术转让。共同致富,我们从改革一开始就讲,将来总有一天要成为中心课题。社会主义不是少数人富起来、大多数人穷,不是那个样子。社会主义最大的优越性就是共同富裕,这是体现社会主义本质的一个东西。如果搞两极分化,情况就不同了,民族矛盾、区域间矛盾、阶级矛盾都会发展,相应地中央和地方的矛盾也会发展,就可能出乱子。

上海外国语大学2001攻读硕士研究生入学考试

英语语言文学专业翻译试卷

1 Translate the following into English(50%)

中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化,具有

光荣的革命传统。

一八四〇年以后,封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地、半封建的国家。中国人民为国家独立、民族解放和民主自由进行了前仆后继的英勇奋斗。

二十世纪,中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。

一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命,废除了封建帝制,创立了中华民国。但是,中

国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。

一九四九年,以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民,在经历了长期的艰

难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后,终于推翻了帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治,取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利,建立了中华人民共和国。从此,中国人民掌握了国家的权力,成为国家的主人。

中华人民共和国成立以后,我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。生产

资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成,人剥削人的制度已经消灭,社会主义制度已经确立。工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政,实质上即无产阶级专政,得到巩固和发展。中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅,维护了国家的独立和安全,增强了国防。经济建设取得了重大的成就,独立的、比较完整的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成,农业生产显著提高。教育、科学、文化等事业有了很大的发展,社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成效。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就,是中国共产党领导中国各族人民,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下,坚持真理,修正错误,战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。我国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。国家的根本任务是,沿着中国特色社会主义道路,集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想指引下,坚持人民民主专政,坚持社会主义道路,坚持改革开放,不断完善社会主义的各项制度,发展社会主义市场经济,发展社会主义民主,健全

社会主义法制,自力更生,艰苦奋斗,逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化,推动物质文明、政治文明和精神文明协调发展,把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

在我国,剥削阶级作为阶级已经消灭,但是阶级斗争还将在一定范围内长期存在。中国

人民对敌视和破坏我国社会主义制度的国内外的敌对势力和敌对分子,必须进行斗争。

台湾是中华人民共和国的神圣领土的一部分。完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内

的全中国人民的神圣职责。

2. Translate the following into Chinese(50%)

A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.

A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it

will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.

Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book. The

book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together and he, in them.

A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man's life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.

Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.

Books introduce us into the best society, they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.

The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old. The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago.

上海外国语大学2002攻读硕士研究生入学考试

英语语言文学专业翻译试卷

1. Translate the following into English(50%)

发展社会主义文化的根本任务,是培养一代又一代有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的

公民。要坚持以科学的理论武装人,以正确的舆论引导人,以高尚的精神塑造人,以优秀的

作品鼓舞人。坚持和巩固马克思主义的指导地位,帮助人们树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观,坚定对马克思主义的信仰、坚定对社会主义的信念、增强对改革开放和现代化建设的信心、增强对党和政府的信任,增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识和开拓创新精神。坚持实施科教兴国战略,进一步普及教育,提高教育素质和全社会的教育水平;大力发展科学文化事业。加强科学知识、科学方法、科学思想、科学精神的宣传教育。唱响社会主义文化的主旋律,坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务,实行百花齐放、百家争鸣,是发展先进文化必须贯彻的重要方针。要努力掌握和发展各种现代传播手段,积极推动先进文化的传播。

加强社会主义思想道德建设,是发展先进文化的重要内容和中心环节。必须认识到,如

果只讲物质利益,只讲金钱,不讲理想,不讲道德,人们就会失去共同的奋斗目标,失去行为的正确规范。要把依法治国同以德治国结合起来,为社会保持良好的秩序和风尚营造高尚的思想道德基础。要在全社会倡导爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想,反对和抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义等腐朽思想,增强全国人民的民族自尊心、自信心、自豪感,激励他们为振兴中华而不懈奋斗。

上外英专历年翻译试题(分享)3

2. Translate the following into Chinese(50%)(2002年)

Journey into old age

On a May morning in 1979, I opened the door of my New York City apartment and stepped nervously into the hall. As an 85-year-old woman, I was apprehensive. I extended my cane, feeling carefully for the first step of the stairs. My legs strained awkwardly. One step…two…three…breathe hard against the wall to catch my breath.

So far, so good, I said to myself.

And then I stopped. Was I overdoing it? Would I really get away with this act? For I wasn?t

really 85. Underneath the trappings of my aged body was the real me, a 26-year-old woman. I was pretending to be so much older because I wanted to find out what it is like to be elderly, and to discover firsthand the problems faced by the elderly.

As a start I learned how to “age” myself—a complicated procedure requiring four hours.

With latex foam giving my face its folds and wrinkles, a heavy fabric binding my body, and an gray wig on my head, I became 60 years older and ready to set forth on my grand adventure.

My destination that first day was a conference ageing in Columbus, Ohio. Out on the street I

tried to signal a cab for the airport. Taxi after taxi flashed past, all empty. Did they feel that old ladies don?t tip well? Finally one stopped.

At the airline ticket counter, I found myself in a line of young busi ness man. “Good morning, sir!” the agent exclaimed brightly to each one. “Have a pleasant trip.” When old-lady-me peered up at him through thick spectacles, however, all I got was a look at my ticker, a mutter of “Columbus” and an abrupt “Next.”

The whole purpose of the conference, attended mostly by young professional, was to study

the problems of the elderly. Yet, incredibly, the participants seemed to ignore the only “old lady”

in their midst. When one of the young males offered coffee to a group of women, I found myself thinking, What about me? If I were young, he would offer me coffee too.

By day?s end, I was angry. I had been condescended to, ignored, counted out in a way I had

never known before. People, I felt, really do judge a book by its cover.

The experience was repeated in my neighborhood drugstore when, as a meek and dowdy old woman, I asked for a stomach medicine. The owner merely jerked a thumb over his

shoulder. ”Back there, bottom shelf.”

Peering around, I quavered, “Can you help me find it?”

He looked u in annoyance, walked to the shelf and pointed down. I stooped to pick up a

bottle and tried to decipher the small type. “Could you please read the directions for me?” I pleaded.

In irritation, he rattled them off, and them dismissed me with,”OK, that it?” I was afrai d to

ask him anything more.

The next morning, I returned to the store as confident, 26-year-old Pat Moor.

“Good morning,” the owner greeted me cheerfully. “How can we help you today?”

I used exactly the same words in asking for the stomach medicine.

“Oh,” he said, smiling, “it?s right over here.” Escorting me to the shelf, he kneeled down,

picked up a bottle and carefully explained the directions, the sizes in which it came and the priced, Then he rang up the same and wished me a fine day.

As I walked out of the store, my heart cried for the older woman. I could understand how she would become defensive and intimidated.

上海外国语大学2003英语语言文学专业翻译试卷

1. Translate the following into English(75分)

丁玲幼年就领略了世态炎凉,目睹过封建社会人们悲惨的遭遇。是“五四”运动的浪潮,

把她推向广阔的社会,青年时代的丁玲一步入文坛,就显露出非凡的才华。三十年代“左联”时代血与火的洗礼造就了她更坚强的性格。她曾遭受敌人的绑架囚禁,也曾活跃在西北战场的枪林弹雨中。华北农村土地改革的风浪孕育了长篇名著《太阳照在桑干河上》。新中国诞生后,她满腔热情地为繁荣社会主义文艺事业辛勤奔波。

她脚下的路过于崎岖。多次错误的批判,横空飞来的“反党”、“右派”帽子,曾严重地伤害过她。在北大荒,在狱中,在太行山,丁玲顶着巨大的压力,默默无闻地工作着,送走了二十多年宝贵的光阴。

然而,谈起往事,丁玲总是说:“我受难的时候,党和人民也在受难”,“我搜索自己的

感情,实在找不到更多的抱怨。”

七十五岁时重返文坛,丁玲没有时间为自己的遭遇呻吟叹息。她就像年轻人一样急切地

捧出了一枝报春的红杏——《杜晚香》,忘情地投入新的生活和创作。她奔波于大江南北,游历于欧、美、澳大陆,会见各种人,发表演说,奋笔疾书,写散文,写评论,每年都有十多万字的新作,每年都有新书问世。晚年的丁玲,迎来了一个宝贵的创作旺盛期。她珍惜夕阳的余辉,计划在有生之年一生再写三本书:《魍魉地狱》、《在严寒的日子里》和《风雪人间》。她要把自己一生几个重要时期的经历和感受,把对人民的爱,对敌人的恨,都熔入笔端倾泻在新作中。

2. Translate the following into Chinese. (75分)

What?s Your Best Time of Day?

Most of us seem to reach our peak of alertness around noon. Soon after that, alterness declines, and sleepiness may set in by mid-afternoon.

Your short-term memory is best during the morning —— in fact, about 15 percent more efficient than at any other time of day. So, students, take heed; when faced with a morning exam,

it really does pay to review your notes right before the test is given.

Long-term memory is different. Afternoon is the best time for learning material that you want

to recall days, weeks or months later. Politicians, business executives or others who must learn speeches would be smart to do their memorizing during that time of day. If you are a student, you would be wise to schedule your more difficult classes in the afternoon, rather than in the morning. You should also try to do most of your studying in the afternoon, rather than late at night. Many students believe they memorize better while burning the midnight oil because their short-term recall is better during the wee hours of the morning than in the afternoon. But short-term memory won?t help them much several days later, when they face the exam.

By contrast, we tend to do best on cognitive tasks —— things that require the juggling of

words and figures in one?s head —— during the morning hours. This might be a good time, say,

to balance a checkbook.

Your manual dexterity —— the speed and coordination with which you perform complicated tasks with your hands —— peaks during the afternoon hours. Such work as carpentry, typing or sewing will be a little easier at this time of day.

What about sports? During afternoon and early evening, your coordination is at its peak, and

you?re able to react the quick est to an outside stimulus —— like a baseball speeding toward you at home plate. Studies have also shown that late in the day, when your body temperature is peaking, you will perceive a physical workout to be easier and less fatiguing —— whether it actually is or not. That means you are more likely to work harder during a late afternoon or early evening workout, and therefore benefit more from it. Studies involving swimmers, runners,

short-putters and rowing crews have shown consistently that performance is better in the evening than in the morning.

In fact, all of your senses —— taste, sight, hearing, touch and smell —— may be at their keenest during late afternoon and early evening. That could be why dinner usually tastes better to us than breakfast and why night lights irritate us.

Even our perception of time changes from hour to hour. Not only does time seem to fly when

you?re having fun, but it also seems to fly even faster if you are having that fun in the late afternoon or early evening, when your body temperature is also peaking..

While all of us follow the same general pattern of ups and downs, the exact timing varies

from person to person. It all depends on how your “biological” day is structured —— how much of a morning or night person you are. The earlier your biological day gets going, the earlier you are likely to enter —— and exit —— the peak times for performing various tasks. An extreme morning person and an extreme night person may have circadian cycles that are a few hours apart. Each of us can increase our knowledge about our individual rhythms. Learn how to listen to the inner beats of your body; let them set the pace of your day. You will live a healthier —— and happier —— life.

上海外国语大学2005英语语言文学专业翻译试卷

1. Translate the following into English(75分)

孔子曰:“三人行,则必有我师。”老师和学生并没有什么不可逾越的界限。在这门知识

上老师高于学生,在另一门知识上,学生也可能高于老师;今天老师高于学生,明天学生可能高过老师。这也是辩证法,对立面的统一。

礼记的《学记》有一段著名的话,意思也和这相近:“学然后知不足,教然后知困。知

不足,然后能自反也。知困,然后能自强也。故曰:教学相长也。” 这就是在今天说来,也还是颠扑不破的。

“教育者必先受教育”,这个道理说来很浅显,但是人们在实际生活中却很不容易承认。

特别是当老师当久了的人,就很不容易接受这个辩证法。老师们不容易接受这个道理,倒也事出有因。“弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子”,虽是封建思想的代表者韩愈所提出来的一个观点,但是在封建时代却并不通入。正好相反,“天地君亲师”,在封建时代,老师是同“天地君亲”在一起,居高临下。老师毕竟是老师,师道尊严,神圣不可侵犯。这个观点相沿成习。

新的师生关系,是“不耻相师”,彼此平等,不分尊卑,真正是“道之所存,师之所存”,

谁有学问谁就是老师。圣人无常师,师亦无常道,就是当老师的并不经常等于真理。一个当老师的人,既要勇于坚持自己的真理,又要勇于承认自己的非真理,同学生们一道来为科学真理奋斗。

上外英专历年翻译试题(分享)4

2. Translate the following into Chinese(75分)

Outside my window the night is struggling to wake; in the moonlight, the blinded garden dreams so vividly of its lost colours. The white-washed wall is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full.

The moon is a stone; but it is a highly numinous stone. Or, to be more precise, it is a stone

about which and because of which men and women have numinous feelings. Thus, there is a soft moonlight that can give us the peace that passes understanding. There is a moonlight that inspires a kind of awe. There is a cold and austere moonlight that tells the soul of its loneliness and desperate isolation, its insignificance or its uncleanness. There is an amorous moonlight prompting to love - to love not only for an individual but sometimes even for the whole universe. But the moon shines on the body as well as, through the windows of the eyes, within the mind. It affects the soul directly; but it can affect it also by obscure and circuitous ways - through the blood. Half the human race lives in manifest obedience to the lunar rhythm; and there is evidence to show that the physiological and therefore the spiritual life, not only of women, but of men too, mysteriously ebbs and flows with the changes of the moon. There are unreasoned joys, inexplicable miseries, laughters and remorses without a cause. Their sudden and fantastic alternations constitute the ordinary weather of our minds. These moods, are the children of the blood and humours. But the blood and humours obey, among many other masters, the changing moon. Touching the soul directly through the eyes and, indirectly, along the dark channels of the blood, the moon is doubly a divinity.

Even if we think of the moon as only a stone, we shall find its very stoniness potentially a numen. A stone gone cold. An airless, waterless stone and the prophetic image of our own earth when, some few million years from now, the senescent sun shall have lost its present fostering

上外英专历年翻译试题(分享)4

2. Translate the following into Chinese(75分)

Outside my window the night is struggling to wake; in the moonlight, the blinded garden dreams so vividly of its lost colours. The white-washed wall is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full.

The moon is a stone; but it is a highly numinous stone. Or, to be more precise, it is a stone

about which and because of which men and women have numinous feelings. Thus, there is a soft moonlight that can give us the peace that passes understanding. There is a moonlight that inspires a kind of awe. There is a cold and austere moonlight that tells the soul of its loneliness and desperate isolation, its insignificance or its uncleanness. There is an amorous moonlight prompting to love - to love not only for an individual but sometimes even for the whole universe. But the moon shines on the body as well as, through the windows of the eyes, within the mind. It affects the soul directly; but it can affect it also by obscure and circuitous ways - through the blood. Half the human race lives in manifest obedience to the lunar rhythm; and there is evidence to show that the physiological and therefore the spiritual life, not only of women, but of men too, mysteriously ebbs and flows with the changes of the moon. There are unreasoned joys, inexplicable miseries, laughters and remorses without a cause. Their sudden and fantastic alternations constitute the ordinary weather of our minds. These moods, are the children of the blood and humours. But the blood and humours obey, among many other masters, the changing moon. Touching the soul directly through the eyes and, indirectly, along the dark channels of the blood, the moon is doubly a divinity.

Even if we think of the moon as only a stone, we shall find its very stoniness potentially a numen. A stone gone cold. An airless, waterless stone and the prophetic image of our own earth when, some few million years from now, the senescent sun shall have lost its present fostering power.... And so on. This passage could easily be prolonged-a Study in Purple. But I forbear. Let every reader lay on as much of the royal rhetorical colour as he finds to his taste. Anyhow, purple or no purple, there the stone is-stony. You cannot think about it for long without finding, yourself invaded by one or other of several essentially numinous sentiments. These sentiments belong to one or other of two contrasted and complementary groups Sentiments of Human Insignificance Sentiments of Human Greatness.

97 英译汉参考译文

对于一位职业批评家来说,(本人就是一位批评家)去剧院看戏成了一场灾难。这如同

是在花费自己的血汗钱去买罪受,因此,一场戏结束得越快越好。这种观点似是将批评家同花钱看戏的人置于一种不可调和的对立状态。因为看戏的人常认为,戏越长,他花钱所得到的乐趣便越多。在有些地方,批评家确乎处于这种状态。在那里,看戏的人常是为着专门看某一场戏才去剧院,他们坚持要求那场戏要持续上几个小时。因此巡回演出的经办人时常深感窘迫,因为他们上演的伦敦戏剧都很简单。

在伦敦,如同许多人去教堂一样,也有许多人去剧院。在那里,批评家身后拥有这样一

个庞大的观众团体作后盾;他们光顾剧场的目的是去炫耀自己最华丽的服装,以求和他人的服饰比个高下,力争合于时尚,俾便在宴会上也好有些谈资。他们也可能是去观赏一场宠物表演。总之,无论在什么地方打发掉一个晚上,要比待在家中更舒心。简而言之,除了对戏剧艺术本身性质素然外,他们有着五花八门的理由去消磨时光。在一些时髦的中心,那些与宗教乏缘的人款款步入教堂,毫无音乐细胞的人去听音乐会或去看歌剧,毫无戏剧细胞的人

光顾剧院,这类人数量大的惊人,因此布道词要缩短到十分钟,戏剧要压缩到两小时,即便如此,这些人亦是身在教堂,心中却期盼着布道从速结束,观众们则盼着戏剧快快闭幕。这样他们可以赶快去进午餐,这才是他们真正渴望要做的事情。他们有时姗姗来迟,错过了开头,那就再重新为他们补上。

因此,从教堂到新闻界,四处弥漫着虚伪的气氛。戏剧既单调又乏味,要听众去苦熬上

两个小时(当中有两次很长的休息),这简直是强人所难。但对此,谁也不愿去一语道破。

. 1999英译汉参考译文

藉此二十世纪最后一届总统就职演说之际,让我们放眼远眺,迎接下个世纪我们将面临

的各种挑战。很幸运的是,时间和机遇不仅将我们推到了新世纪的边缘,一个新的千年,而且将我们置身于人类事业一个崭新的、光辉的边缘——这是一个决定我们事业在未来数十年的方向和角色的时刻。我们必须使古老的民主永葆青春。在“希望之乡”这一古老憧憬的指引下,让我们将目光投向新的“希望之乡”。

美国的希望源于18世纪一个大胆的信念——所有人都是生来平等的。19世纪,这一信

念得到了延伸和流传,我们国家横跨大陆,拯救了联邦,并废除了恐怖的奴隶制的蹂躏。现在,我们第三次迎来新世纪,又一次选择的机会。19世纪初,我们选择将疆域从一

个海岸扩展到另一个海岸。20世纪初,我们选择驾御工业革命来为我们的自由企业经济,环境保护以及人类尊严的价值体系服务。正是那些选择使世界的面貌完全改变。21世纪即将来临,自由的民族现在必须选择去决定信息时代和全球化社会的影响,去彻底解放整个民族的无限潜能,并建立一个更加完美的联邦。(陈相明译)

. 02汉译英参考译文

The fundamental task for developing the socialist culture lies in cultivating citizens from generation to generation who have lofty ideals, moral integrity, a better education and a good sense of discipline. We should persevere in arming the people with scientific theories, guiding the people with correct public opinions, molding the people with noble minds, and inspiring the people with superior works. We must stick to and consolidate the guiding status of Marxism, help people build up the correct outlook on the world and life and values, have firm belief in Marxism and socialism, increase confidence in the reform, opening-up and modernization drive, strengthen trust in the Party and the government, and increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit. We should continue to implement the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education, further popularize education, enhance its quality and level of the whole society, and make greater efforts to develop scientific and cultural undertakings. We should double our efforts to publicize scientific knowledge, scientific approaches, scientific thinking, and scientific spirit. A vital principle we must follow in developing China's advanced culture is to emphasize the central theme of the socialist culture, persevere in serving the people and socialism, and let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. We should master and develop various kinds of modern communication means and promote the spreading of the advanced culture.

Strengthening socialist ideological and ethical building constitutes the essential content of

and a key link in developing China's advanced culture. We must be aware that people will lack common objective of struggle and reject the accepted code of conduct if we only stress material gains and money to the neglect of ideals and morality. We should combine the rule of law with the rule of virtue in order to build a lofty ideological and ethical foundation for maintaining a good public order and practice.

02英译汉参考译文

体验年迈

1979年5月的一个清晨,我拉开我在纽约市的公寓房门,忐忑不安地走进门厅。作为

一个85岁的老太婆,我不免胆战心惊,伸出拐杖小心翼翼地探着楼梯的第一级台阶。我的两腿僵硬,行动不便。一级……二级……三级……大口喘气……四级。下完12级台阶来到第一个楼梯平台时,我不得不靠着墙歇一口气。

我自言自语道:到现在为止,一切还算不错。

接着我停了下来暗想:我是不是装的过火了?

这样做真的会瞒过别人吗?其实我并不是真的85岁。在老态龙钟的外表掩饰之下,我

实际才是个26岁的女子。

我装扮得这么老,为的是体验一下老年人的滋味,并亲自发现老年人面临的问题。

作为第一步,我学会了怎么使自己“变得老态龙钟”——这是一个复杂的过程,花了我四个小时。我在脸上涂上泡沫乳胶,使它布满皱纹,身上捆扎着厚实的织物,头上带起灰白的假发,这样一来我就老了60岁,可以开始我的伟大冒险了。

我第一天的目标是俄亥俄核州的哥伦布城参加一次讨论老年化问题的会议。走到街上我

试图以打手势叫一辆出租车子去机场。出租汽车一辆接着一辆飞驰而过,车里全都空空的。他们是否认为老太婆不会多给小费呢?最后总算有一辆停了下来。

在航空公司的售票柜台前,我发现自己是跟一些年轻商人排在一起。“早上好,先生!”

工作人员满面春风地大声跟每个人打招呼。“祝您旅途愉快!”然而,当我这个老太婆透过厚厚的眼睛盯着他看时,她指对我的机票扫了一眼,嘴里咕噜一声“哥伦布”,便突然喊了声“下一个!”

这次会议的唯一目的是研讨老年人问题,但到会的都是些年轻的专业人员。令人难以置

信的是,与会者对他们之中唯一的“老太太”根本不理睬。当我看到一个年轻的男人请一群女人喝咖啡时,我不禁想到:我呢?要是我年轻,他也准会请我喝咖啡的。

我为什么没有呢?要是让他知道我这么年轻,我也会有咖啡喝的。

一天结束时,我感到十分气愤。人们从未以这样高高在上的态度对待过我。从未如此轻

视我,不想把我放在眼里。我觉得人们的确是以貌取人的。

我在住处附近的药店里也遭到同样的冷遇。当我这个外表软弱,穿戴邋遢的老太婆向店

主询问胃药时,他只是用大拇指朝肩膀背后一指,说:“在后面,货架的底层。”

我眯着眼睛四周寻找,颤颤抖抖地问道:“您能帮我找一找吗?”

他厌烦的抬头一望,走向货架,往下指了指。我弯下腰拿起一小瓶药,费力地想认清瓶

上的小字“能劳驾您为我读读用药说明吗?”我恳求道。

他焦躁地把用药说明匆匆念完,说了声“好了,行了吧?”就算把我打发了。我什么也不敢再问。

第二天早上,作为充满自信,年仅26岁的帕蒂.摩尔,我又来到了药店。

“早上好,”老板兴高采烈的跟我打招呼。“今天您想要点什么?”

我用完全相同的话询问胃药。

“哦”,他笑容可掬地说:“就在这儿。”他陪我走到货架前,跪下去捡起一瓶药,详细地解释用药说明,药瓶的大小和价格。然后,他把货款卡在现金收入机上,并祝我一天愉快。

走出药店时,我的心灵在为老年妇女而哭泣。我完全懂得她是怎么变得谨小慎微、战战

兢兢的了。

上外英专历年翻译试题(分享)5

终于都帖完了!不知咋弄的分享3发重了,嘿嘿,可能太着急了,第二个是全的,大家注意呦!!!

03年汉译英参考答案

From her childhood onward, Ting Ling began with curiosity to observe the ways of the world which was always blowing hot and cold, to eyewitness myriad miseries in the feudal society. When the epoch-making May Fourth Movement was on, it sparked a broader vision in her mind of what a new society should be. Ting Ling, in her full-blown youth, dared venture into the literary field, trying her hand at writhing, and in not too long a time emerging as a talented and promising oncomer. During the Leftwing Writers? 1930s, Ting Ling like almost all literary leftwingers went through a baptism of fire and blood (imposed on them by the old regime) ---to come back out only the stronger and the more dynamic. Though her adversaries had kidnapped her and put her in prison. After her release, she hound her way back to the northwestern region to participate in revolutionary guerrilla warfare. Later on, she shifted to land reform work in the midst of peasants in some northern areas. What she did, saw, experienced, felt in this aspect of revolutionary work she conceived into a plot for a long novel:” The Sun Shines over River Sanggan” which was published and won great fame. In 1949, the time of New China came into being. The time had come for Ting Ling, the writer, to fly higher in the bright, blue sky. She was determined to devote all she was and all she had to promoting the socialist literary movement, leaning over backwards to play her allotted role.

As it happened in 1957, a political movement took place involving Ting Ling and a

generality of progressive writers, caps of “antipartyism” and ”rightism” settling down on her head. She was badly battered and exiled to the Great North Wilderness to do manual labor. And in prison and in the Taihang mountainous region, at one time and another, she lived in and with extremely oppressive circumstances. Quietly and patiently and bravely she bore up with it all. Thus passed over 20 precious years of her life.

Afterwards however, when it came to talking about that unfortunate past with her friends,

Ting Ling invariably expressed herself in this vein:” While I was undergoing that ordeal, our country and our people were suffering greater ordeals. Taking tings in this perspective, I really haven?t much to complain about.”

In 1979, when she was 75 years old----the, not until then, did Ting Ling return to civilization

and reentered the literary circle. She had on time at all to recall the miserable past, on time to grouch of sigh. Like a born-again youth, like a flower first to herald in the spring, she, brimming

over with vim and vigor, started a new life, wielding her pen anew, and presented her new book “Du Wanxiang”. Opportunities came her way t o crisscross the vast land, and to go beyond the boundaries to tour Europe, America, and Australia. She saw a lot, thought a lot, wrote a lot about her travels. Back in the homeland, she was at once besieged by publishers to contract for her manuscripts in advance. Then, not a year passed but she produced several 100,000 words. Not a book was published but was well receiver by the reading public. A massive use of the twilight of the evening of her life, she programmed three more books to write----to wind up her life with:” A Hell of Demons and Monsters”, “In the Days of Severe Cold”, and “The Snow-storm Over Man?s World”. Into which she was going to pour all her thoughts and feelings, her vital life episodes, her bittersweet experiences, all her love of her country and people, all her hate and wrath for her enemy.

. 05汉译英参考译文

Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils. Some learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—th at is all.”

A similar idea is expressed by the following well-known passage quoted from Xueji (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): “However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste; however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own deficiencies; when he teaches, one knows where the difficulty lies. After he knows his deficiencies, one is able to examine himself; after he knows where the difficulty lies, one is able to improve himself. Hence, …teaching and learning help each other;? as it is said in Yue Ming,…Teaching is the half of learning.?” The above quote from Liji, which lays emphasis on

self-examination and self-improvement, is less thoroughgoing than what Han Yu says about education. Nevertheless, its remarks such as "When he teaches one knows where the difficulty lies,” “Teaching benefits teachers as well as pupils” and “Teaching is the half of learning” (a quotation meaning teaching and learning are opposite and complementary to each other) all remain irrefutable to this day.

The new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of, in the words of Han Yu,

“not (being) ashamed to learn from each other.” That is to say, teacher and pupil should teach each other and learn from each other. They should teach each other as equals regardless of seniority, so that, as Han Yu says, “whoever knows the truth can be a teacher.”

05英译汉参考译文

在我的窗外,夜正在挣扎着醒过来;在月光下黯然无色的花园如此生动地梦见它那失

去的色彩。用石灰水刷白的墙在深蓝色的天空的衬托下显得明亮。房屋的粉墙凛冽地使明月的光辉回荡。那是一轮满月。

月来是块石头;但它是块极为神圣的石头。或者说得更确切些,月亮是块能使男人和女

人对它产生神圣感情,或者由于它才具有神圣感情的石头。这样,有柔和的月光,它能给我们以超越理解能力的安宁。有寒冷而严峻的月光,它向灵魂倾诉它的寂寞和绝对的孤独,它

的微不足道和肮脏不洁。有多情的月光,它使人去爱,——不但爱个人,而且有时甚至爱整个宇宙。但月亮出了通过眼睛和窗户照进心灵外,还照在身体上。月亮直接影响灵魂;但它还能够通过难以理解而迂回曲折的途径——通过血液——影响灵魂。人类中半数的人明显地服从于月亮的节奏而生活着;还有证据表明,不仅女人的生理生活和精神生活,而且男人的生理生活和精神生活,都是神秘地随着月亮的盈缺而消长。因此会出现没有理由的喜悦,莫名其妙的痛苦和毫无原因的欢笑和悔恨。这些突然而荒诞的交替变化构成我们通常的情绪变化。这些情绪是血液和体液的产物,但血液和体液听从许多主人的指挥,主人中也包括不断盈缺的月亮。月亮通过眼睛直接和灵魂接触,沿着血液的神秘渠道间接和灵魂接触,因此月亮是双重的神。

我们即使把月亮想象为仅仅是一块石头,也会发现它的石头性质是个潜在的神。一块变

冷了的石头。一块没有空气环绕,不含水分的石头。它预示我们的地球在未来的形象,那时距离现在有几百万年,那时衰老的太阳已经丧失它养育万物的能力…...如此等等。这段文章能够很容易地拉长——成为一篇华而不实的作品。但我要克制。让每一位读者按照他自己的品味去尽量填加修辞的色彩吧。无论如何,华丽也罢,不华丽也罢,那块石头仍然是——石头性质。你无法长时间地想这块石头而不发现自己受到这种或那种本质上是神圣的情思的干扰。这些情思属于彼此不同而又互为补充的两大类之一:人类渺小的情思和人类伟大的情思。

91英译汉参考译文

平素我们都席不暇暧,顾不上读文学作品。迄今,我们的假日就成了一个重叙文学之爱

的良机。醉心文学是一种弥足珍贵的天生爱好,不该将此道弃之如敝屣。如今当这个大陆上懒惰的脑袋,要冲破窠臼,给这个世界带来一些比这种机械的老套子更为先进的样式时,这实际上也是人们期待良久的事情了,那么文学这种形式或许也该换副模样了,这个实际已告成熟。因此,我们仰人鼻息的时日,以及我们向他人学徒的漫长岁月也该画上个句号了。我们周围的万千之众都在向生活奋勇冲击,只靠异国残剩的果实是无法填饱肚皮的。大事件,大作为,此起彼伏,这些都很值得歌颂,它们自身也就是响亮的歌曲。当今天文学家们宣布,我们上空天琴座的闪烁的星斗,将来某一天,会在千余年内扮演起北极星的角色,像天琴座的星斗一样,诗歌将会复兴,并在一新的时代繁荣起来,对此,还有谁会怀疑吗?

. 91汉译英参考译文

The gentle sea breeze is blowing over the island and has driven away the hot air left during

the day. It appears very quiet in the evening. Covered is the whole island in a soft dark net. In the blue skies, countless stars are shining. The stars here see brighter th an those in other places. “The sun during the day shines on the island very brightly and stars during the night light it awfully magnificent,” often remarked people.

. Gradually lights have stopped brightening, some buildings stand sparsely in the dark,

screened in luxuriant trees. Twined are some of the spiral mountainous roads reaching down curvingly from the top of the rocky mountains. And below is a lively city. Now most of the shops along the streets are closed. The road leads further outside where there is a harbour. And there are a couple of hotels near it. All of them are three-story buildings. Much light from their windows shines on the sea.

2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译超详解析

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文是取材于新闻报道,叙述了猪流感的爆发,产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简 述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点,认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及 美国的情况为例,说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。 二、试题解析 1.【答案】D 【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”,根据declare 的逻辑(“宣布为”),可知应该选D 项 designated“命名,制定”,而不是C 项commented“评论”,这是典型的近义词复现题目。2.【答案】C 【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索,选出答案,难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、 meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系,根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise(“病例数的增加”)是meeting(“日内瓦专家 会议”)的原因,由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因,而是结果,即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析 可以排除B、D 选项,B 项activated“激活,激起”,D 项“促使,引起”,此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting 的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随,跟在……之后”,体现出after 的逻辑,完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting, meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑,所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”,属不及物动词,不可接宾语,用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。 3.【答案】B 【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and,从并列呼应来看:空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia, 所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases(“病例数的剧增”),因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项 digits“(阿拉伯)数字”,不表示数量,不能与rising 形成搭配;C 项amounts“数量”,常修饰不可数名词(此处指 的是cases,可数名词);D 项sums“金额,款项”,不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”,修饰可数名词(如: large numbers of cases 大量的病例),符合题意。 4.【答案】A 【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索,与上文意思(第二段)形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达 如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性,所以根据But 和in

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇(英汉对照) 46) articulate 清晰的表达, 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道;by one’s own account根据某人自己所说,let alone更别提, 48) intensity紧张,abruptly突然地,sudden突然,soft柔和的,passage段落,rarely很少、几乎不,composer作曲家,compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系, 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 13年 46) strike打、震撼,for all尽管,style风格,urge需求、督促、鼓励,decoration装饰, 47)sacred神圣的,crude原始、粗糙,as opposed to与相反,shelter避难所, 48) in effect实际上,urban城市,discernible容易看出的,discern看出、识别, 49)blame批评, 50)implicit隐含的,explicit明确的,reference谈到、提及、参考,synthetic人造的; 12年 46) impulse冲动,unification统一、一致, generative生产的、生成的,generate产生, 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制,constraint限制, 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的, 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见, 50) track跟踪; 11年 46) erroneous错误的,error错误, 47) sustain支持、维持,illusion幻觉,conscious有意识的, 48) justification合理,借口,justify证明是公正的,rationalization合理,exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底, 49) circumstance环境, 50) upside积极的、正面的,contain包含,be up to取决于,array展示、陈列、一系列; 10年 46) rescue拯救,to the effect that大意是说,failed to不能,

2021翻译硕士MTI《英语翻译基础》考研复习笔记备考

2021翻译硕士MTI《英语翻译基础》考研复习笔记 备考

第1章词语翻译 1.1 大纲要求 翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》中指出,MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。MTI教育重视实践环节,强调翻译实践能力的培养。全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历(或本科同等学力)人员,具有良好的双语基础。根据《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》,制定翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲。该大纲是各学校自行命题的重要参考依据,对于考生备考有重要的指导意义。 1考试要求 要求考生准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词。 2题型 要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。汉/英文各15个,每个1分,总分30分。考试时间为60分钟。 1.2 应试指南 通过对各高校翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》真题的归纳分析,我们可大致看出,词语翻译这部分所涉及词汇的领域主要有政治、学术、社会、文化、经济、环境、科学等方面,内容涵盖面非常广。

政治性词汇主要集中在对国际或国内政治机构、组织、协会、会议、著名事件以及项目等的考察。比如广东外语外贸大学曾考到“CPPCC”“UNESCO”“ASEM”“China-ASEAN Expo”“全国人民代表大会”“外交部”“中国证监会”“廉政公署”8个该类词组,中山大学考题考查过“全国人民代表”“哥本哈根计划”“金砖五国”“东南亚国家联盟”“Universal Suffrage”“Bilateralism”“Air Force One”“Kyoto Protocol”“Air Defense Identification Zone”“Occupy Central”“Liaison Office”等12个政治方面术语和名称的翻译,同时,这也是其他学校必考项之一,因此考生应重点掌握。 学术类词汇主要涉及翻译领域,分别是翻译理论和语言学知识。考生应该在理解理论和知识的基础上对重点术语加强记忆。这部分知识考察的重点程度因学校而异,根据分析,理工类学校的英语专业比较重视这两类知识的考察,如北京航空航天大学超过三分之二的词汇翻译都集中在翻译和语言学术语,而综合性和文科类学校则对学术类词汇着墨较少。 社会类词汇指跟公民生活或社会发展相关的词汇,包括人权、社会政策、医疗卫生、媒体网络等方面。如北京外国语大学考到的“比特币”“狗仔队”“富二代”“互联互通”“量化宽松政策”“埃博拉病毒”“地沟油”“真人秀”和“逆袭”,中南大学考到的“建设节约型社会”“公益性文化事业”“自主创业”,都属于这一类。对付这类词汇,要求考生切实关注关系到国计民生的各项新闻和政策,了解社会的发展趋势。了解这些社会问题的一个很好的途径是通过英文版报纸和杂志,如《中国日报》等,这些报纸是中国传达其政策信息的窗口,社会新词一般都会首先通过这些媒体出现,把握好这些窗口,也就把握到了社会类词汇的源头。

考研英语翻译的基本方法版

考研英语翻译的基本方 法版 文档编制序号:[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

2013年考研英语翻译的基本方法(7月 版) 在解答考生关于考研英语真题学习中的具体问题时,我们发现,很多考生对英汉翻译所懂甚少。长期以来,一直有考生提问诸如“老师,这句英文中这个短语怎么没有翻译出来?”、“这半句汉语是从那里来的,英语中怎么没有对应语句?”以及“这个句子为什么翻译成汉语时,添加了否定词?”等等的问题。在很多时候,我们只能很笼统的告诉考生:基于英汉文化的差异,在翻译的过程中需要考虑语言模式的差异。在很多时候,英译汉必须按照汉语思维模式以及语境的需要,去增添或者省略一些信息、调整一下语序、转换表达方式。 为了让考生更深入地了解英译汉,我们选用一些真题中的句子,来做先关探讨。在此之前,我们先简单地阐述一下翻译的标准和过程。 翻译标准 在我国近现代,最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言,由于文章的题材大多是有关、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容,并且文体以议论文为主,说明文为辅,结构严谨,逻辑性强,我们很难在“雅”这一标准上做文章。“达”,即通顺,译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯,这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”,即忠于原文,是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子

是从一篇文章中截取出来的,因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思,那么该句的得分就会很低。 因此,翻译不能违背原文本身,这是考研翻译的最基本标准。 翻译过程 翻译一般分三个阶段:①找核心句;②译核心句;③译其修饰限定补充的句子。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句,这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之,考生首先要找出句子的主干,然后再处理其余的细枝末节,如修饰成分等。考试中,考生应该先通读全文,从大处着手,通篇把握文意,然后分析需要翻译的句子,找出主干,理分支,并翻译。最后是检查书写以及时态。 翻译策略 1.直译和意译 直译,既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;意译,不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中,我们应遵循的方法是:尽量采用直译,不能直译才采用意译,必要时直译与意译相结合。 (1)能直译就直译

考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译

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