PA/PH/OMCL (07) 108 4R - OMCL Guideline on automatic titrators (Annex 5) OMCL Network of the Council of Europe QUALITY MANAGEMENT DOCUMENT
质量管理文件
PA/PH/OMCL (07) 108 4R
QUALIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT
仪器的确认
ANNEX 5: QUALIFICATION OF AUTOMATIC TITRATORS
ANNEX 5 OF THE OMCL NETWORK GUIDELINE
“QUALIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT”
OMCL网络指南“仪器确认”附件5
QUALIFICATION OF AUTOMATIC TITRATORS
自动滴定仪的确认
Introduction 介绍
The present document is the 5th Annex of the core do cument “Qualification of Equipment”, and it should be used in combination with it when planning, performing and documenting the qualification process of automatic titrators.
本文件为核心文件“仪器的确认”的第5个附件，在对计划、实施和记录自动滴定仪的确认过程中，应将本文件与核心文件一起使用。
The core document contains the Introduction and general forms for Level I and II of qualification, which are common to all type of instruments.
核心文件包括第一级和第二级确认的介绍和通用表格，适用于所有类型的仪器。
It is recommended, at Level II of qualification of the automatic titrators (Installation and release for use), to perform a gravimetric test of the volumes (10 selected volumes in a random way from 20 to 100% of the cylinder volume).
建议在自动滴定仪的第二级确认中（安装和使用放行），对体积进行重量检测（滴定管20%-100%体积随机选择10个）。
The present annex contains instrument-related recommendations on parameters to be checked at Level III and IV of qualification and the corresponding typical acceptance limits, as well as practical examples on the methodology that can be used to carry out these checks.
所附文件包括与仪器相关的推荐，在第三级和第四级确认应检查何各参数，以及典型的可接受标准，还有可以用于实施这些检查的实践举例。
TABLE 表III Level III. Periodic and motivated instrument checks
第三级周期性主动仪器检查
Examples of requirements for automatic titrators
自动滴定仪要求举例
1. POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATORS 电位滴定仪(Ph. Eur. 欧洲药典
2.2.20)
2. KARL FISCHER VOLUMETRIC TITRATORS used for semi-micro determination of water
卡尔费休容量法滴定仪，用于半微量水分测定
(Karl Fischer Titration, Ph. Eur. 卡尔费休滴定，欧洲药典2.5.12)
TABLE表III (cont.续) Level III. Periodic and motivated instrument checks
第三级周期性仪器检查
Examples of requirements for automatic titrators (cont.)
自动滴定仪要求举例
3. KARL FISCHER COULOMETRIC TITRATORS used for micro determination of water
卡尔费休库仑滴定仪，用于微量水分测定
(Coulometric Titration, Ph. Eur. 2.5.32)
（库仑滴定法，欧洲药典2.5.32）
4. KARL FISCHER OVEN used for micro determination of water using an evaporation technique (Coulometric Titration, Ph. Eur. 2.
5.32)
卡尔费休炉，用于蒸发技术测定微量水，（库仑滴定，欧洲药典2.5.32）
TABLE IV
Level IV. In-use instrument checks
第四层次在用仪器检查
Examples of requirements for automatic titrators
自动滴定仪要求举例
1. POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATORS自动电位滴定仪
2. KARL FISCHER VOLUMETRIC TITRATORS 卡尔费休容量法滴定仪
3. KARL FISCHER COULOMETRIC TITRATORS 卡尔费休库仑法滴定仪
ANNEX 附件I
Level III. Periodic and motivated instrument checks
第三级周期性主动仪器检查
This Annex contains practical examples of tests and their associated tolerance limits for several parameters related to the performance of automatic titrators.
本附件包括了检查的实践性例子，及其相关的几个与自动滴定仪性能相关的参数的可接受标准。
These examples can be considered by the OMCLs as possible approaches to perform the Level III of the equipment qualification process: “Periodic and motivated instrument checks”.
这些例子可以被OMCL认为是仪器第三级别确认“周期性主动仪器检查”的方法。
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 总体考虑
—Due to the fact that a holistic approach has been taken, the verification of temperature probes and burettes is not included in this guideline, as the performance of these items is indirectly checked during the accuracy test.
—由于采用了整合功能的确认方法，本指南未包括温度探头和滴定管的确认，因为在准确度检查中，上述两项已经间接地被检查了。
—If available, the internal start-up test function may be used each time the instrument is switched on.
—如果可以的话，仪器内置开机检查功能在每次开机时可以使用。
—If several exchange units are used for different titrants, all units should be tested at Level III.
—如果有几个滴定单元用于不同的滴定剂，所有单元在第III级均需要检测。
—The limits and specifications of this guideline have been set according to Metrohm documentation. For other manufacturers (e.g. Mettler-Toledo, Mitsubishi, etc) the specifications may slightly differ.
—本指南的限度和标准根据万通相关文献进行设定。对于其它生产商（例如梅特勒-托利多、三菱等），标准可能稍有不同。
1. POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATORS 电位滴定仪
1.1. PRECISION 精密度
Materials:材料
Suitable certified standard RV (highly pure, dried), e.g. Benzoic acid RV or tris(hydroxymethyl)- aminomethane (TRIS).
合适的标准品RV（高纯，干燥），例如苯甲酸RV或三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷（TRIS）
Fresh titrant, appropriate to titrate the selected standard.
费休滴定剂，适宜滴定选择的标准
Method:方法
Perform a minimum of 3 titrations with 3 independent additions of certified standard (in random order if using different weights), which should result in a consumption of approx. 20 % to 90 % of the burette volume.
独立加入3次计量过的标准物质（如果重量不同的话，顺序可以随机），进行至少3次滴定，消耗的滴定剂的体积应控制在一管体积的20%-90%。
Note: If necessary, for lower volume burettes, increase the molarity of the titrant (for example, from 0.1 to 1.0M) to minimize the weighing error of the standard.
注：如有必要，对于小容量滴管，增加滴定剂的浓度（如从0.1增加到1.0M）以减少标准的称量误差。
Calculate the relative standard deviation of the titers obtained.
计算所得的滴定度的相对标准偏差（RSD）。
If available, this calculation can be performed directly with the built-in statistics function of the instrument.
如果可以的话，该计算可以由仪器的内置统计功能计算得到。
Limits: RSD ≤ 0.2 %
限度：RSD ≤ 0.2 %
1.2. ACCURACY 准确度
Materials:材料
Refer to chapter 1.1. Precision.参照第1.1章精密度
The accuracy of the results obtained depends on the content of the certified standard guaranteed by its manufacturer.
所得结果的准确性依赖于标准物质供应商所保证的含量。
Calculation of the theoretical titer value as a function of temperature:
对滴定度受温度影响的计算
The theoretical titer value of the titrant solution at 20℃is 1.000, with a reduction in the titer of
0.02 % per degree of temperature rise, according to the following formula:
滴定剂溶液在20℃时理论滴定度为1.000，根据以下公式进行计算，每升高一度，则滴定度会下降0.02%。
Titer theoretical (at X℃) = 1.000 + 0.0002 (20 – x)
理论滴定度（在X度时）= 1.000 + 0.0002（20-X）
Where:其中
x = mean of the initial and final temperature of the titrant solution (at the beginning and at the end of the measurement), in °C.
X = 滴定剂溶液起始和结束温度（在测量开始和结束时），℃
Note: The stated formula is only applicable for aqueous titrant solutions (see Application Bulletin No. 252, Metrohm). For example, the given reduction in the titer of Perchloric acid is 0.1% per degree of temperature rise.
注：所给定的公式只用于水相滴定溶液（见第252号应用公告，万通）。例如，高氯酸滴定液给定的温度膨胀系数为每升高一度，浓度降低0.1%。
Method:方法
Perform a minimum of 3 titrations with 3 different weights of certified standard.
称量三份标准物质，进行至少三次滴定。
Note: Results from the precision test (see 1.1.) can be used.
注：可以采用精密度测试（见1.1）的数据。
Calculate the mean of the titers obtained.
计算滴定度的平均值。
Calculate the systematic deviation (d rel) with the following formula:
用以下公式计算系统误差（d rel）
d rel = titer mean－titer theoretical
×100 titer theoretical
If available, this calculation can be performed directly with the built-in statistics function of the instrument.
如果可以的话，该计算可以由仪器的内置统计功能计算得到。
Limits:限度
The systematic deviation (d rel) should be maximum≤±0.5 % (when using a freshly opened titrant container).
系统误差应≤±0.5 %（如果使用新开的滴定剂的话）
1.3. LINEARITY 线性
Materials:材料
Refer to chapter 1.1. Precision. 参见第1.1章精密度
Method: Linear regression volume/sample size
方法：线性回归体积/样品量
Calculate a linear regression of the titrant volume in ml (y-coordinate), versus the weight of the certified standard in g (x-coordinate) on a minimum of 5 weights.
以滴定体积（ml）为y轴，对标准品重量（g）为x轴计算线性回归方程式，至少需要五个重量数据。
Limits: r2≥ 0.9990.
限度：r2≥ 0.9990.
Note: In addition, using the same linearity data, systematic errors can be evaluated, as the y axis intercept of the linear regression Titrant volume in ml/Sample size in g (a sys), and the slope of the linear regression Titer in M/Titrant volume in ml (b T/Vol).
注：另外，如果使用相同的线性数据，可以评估系统错误，因为y轴截距为滴定体积（ml）/样品重量（g）(a sys)，线性回归的斜率为滴定度（M）/滴定体积（ml）(b T/Vol)。
Limits: 限度
a sys <±10 μl for 1 ml-burettes; a sys<±50μl for 5, 10, 20 and 50 ml-burettes
1ml滴定管：a sys <±10 μl；5、10、20和50ml滴定管：a sys<±50μl
b T/Vol <±0.0010 ml-1
2. KARL FISCHER (KF) VOLUMETRIC TITRATORS卡尔费休（KF）容量法滴定仪
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR KF TITRATIONS 卡尔费休滴定常规推荐
—It is recommended to work with certified water standard solutions for water determination, with exactly known water contents, e.g. HYDRANAL?. Solid substances, such as disodium tartrate dihydrate, can also be used.
—推荐使用经过计量的水标准溶液来检测水含量，它们的水含量为准确已知，例如HYDRANAL?，也可以使用固体标准物质，例如酒石酸二钠二水合物。
—KF instruments should not be located in rooms that are subject to large variations of temperature, or close to refrigerators or radiators. A protection should be installed if they are located close to water baths or sinks, or in direct sunlight.
—卡尔费休仪器不应放置在温差较大的房间，或接近冰箱、有辐射源的地方。如果附近有水源、水池或直接光照，应加以保护。
2.1. PRECISION 精密度
Materials:材料
Certified water standard solution with a defined guaranteed water contents of 10 mg/g.
Karl Fischer reagents for volumetric water determination.
卡尔费休试剂：用于容量法测定水分
Note: The drying tube of the titration cell must be filled with fresh molecular sieve.
注：滴定单元需要干燥，充填新鲜分子筛。
Method:方法
Perform a minimum of 6 titrations with 6 independent additions of water standard solution (in random order if using different weights), which should result in a consumption of approx. 20 % to
90 % of the burette volume.
用至少6份独立的水标准溶液（如果重量不同的话顺序可以随机）进行至少六次滴定，控制消耗的滴定液体积为一管的20%至90%。
Calculate the relative standard deviation of the titers obtained.
计算所得滴定度的相对标准偏差（RSD）。
If available, this calculation can be performed directly with the built-in statistics function of the instrument.
如果可以的话，该计算可以由仪器内置的统计功能直接计算得到。
Limits: RS D≤1.0 %.
限度：RS D≤1.0 %.
2.2. LINEARITY (optional) 线性（可选项）
Materials:材料
Refer to chapter 2.1. Precision.
参见第2.1章，精密度
Method: Linear regression volume/sample size
方法：线性回归体积/样品量
Calculate a linear regression of the titrant volume in ml (y-coordinate), versus the weight of the certified standard in g (x-coordinate) on a minimum of 5 weights.
以滴定体积（ml）为y轴，对标准品重量（g）为x轴计算线性回归方程式，至少需要五个重量数据。
Limits: r2 ≥ 0.9990.
限度：r2≥ 0.9990.
2.3. RECOVERY 回收率
Materials: 材料
Refer to chapter 2.1. Precision. 参见第2.1章，精密度
Method: 方法
Perform a minimum of 3 injections with an accurately weighed amount of water standard and perform the titration. Calculate the mean percentage recovery (r) of water from the water standard, using the following formula:
用精密称量的水标准至少进3个样，滴定，用以下公式计算回收率的平均值。
Where:其中
r: percentage recovery. 百分比回收率
W1: amount of water added, in mg. 加入的水的重量，mg
W2: amount of water found, in mg. 实测水的重量，mg
Limits: 97.5 % to 102.5 %.
限度：97.5%至102.5%
3. KARL FISCHER COULOMETRIC TITRATORS 卡尔费休库仑法滴定仪
3.1. PRECISION 精密度
Materials:材料
Certified standard solution (highly pure, stable) with exactly known water content: 1000 μg/g or 100 μg/g.
标准物质（高纯度，稳定），水含量已知为1000 μg/g或100 μg/g
Karl Fischer reagents for coulometry.
用于库仑法的卡尔费休试剂
Method:方法
Perform a minimum of 6 determinations with 6 independent additions of water standard solution (in random order if using different weights), between 0.2 and 2.0 g for a water standard solution 1000
μg/g, and between 0.5 and 5.0 g for a water standard solution 100 μg/g.
用至少6份独立的水标准溶液（如果重量不同的话顺序可以随机）进行至少六次滴定，水标准溶液1000μg/g称样量0.2-2.0g，水标准1000μg/g称样量为0.5-5.0g。
Calculate the relative standard deviation of the water contents found (in μg/g).
计算实测水含量（μg/g）相对标准偏差。
If available, this calculation can be performed directly with the built-in statistics function of the instrument.
可以采用仪器内置的统计功能进行该项计算。
Limits: 限度
Water standard solution 1000μg/g: RS D≤2.0 %.
水标准溶液1000μg/g: RS D≤2.0 %.
Water standard solution 100μg/g: RSD≤5.0 %.
水标准溶液100μg/g: RSD≤5.0 %.
3.2. RECOVERY 回收率
The determination of the recovery is based upon the water content of the standard guaranteed by the manufacturer.
回收率的计算基于水标准供应商所申明的水含量。
Materials:材料
Refer to chapter 3.1. Precision. 参见第3.1章精密度
Method: 方法
Perform a minimum of 3 injections with an accurately weighed amount of water standard and perform
the coulometric titration. Calculate the mean percentage recovery (r) of water from the water standard, using the following formula:
取水标准精密称定，进校至少3次，作库仑法滴定，用以下公式计算水标准的回收率的平均值。
r = 100 W2/W1
Where: 其中
r: percentage recovery. 百分比回收率
W1: amount of water added, in mg. 加入水的数量，mg
W2: amount of water found, in mg. 实测得水的数量，mg
Limits:限度
Water standard solution 1000 μg/g - Recovery: 97.5 % to 102.5 %.
水标准溶液1000 μg/g –回收率: 97.5 % to 102.5 %
Water standard solution 100 μg/g - Recovery: 90.0 % to 110.0 %.
水标准溶液100 μg/g –回收率: 90.0 % to 110.0 %
3.3. LINEARITY (optional) 线性（可选项）
Materials:材料
Refer to chapter 3.1. Precision.参见第3.1章，精密度
Method:方法
Calculate the regression line of the amount of water found in μg (y-coordinate), versus the sample size in g (x-coordinate).
以实测水含量（μg）为y轴，对样品重量（g）为x轴计算线性回归系数。
Limits: r2≥0.990
限度：r2≥0.990
4. KARL FISCHER OVEN 卡尔费休高温炉
The following tests may be performed in case the Karl Fischer titrator (volumetric or coulometric) is coupled to an oven.
如果卡尔费休滴定仪（容量法或库仑法）配置了高温炉，应进行下列检查
4.1. TEMPERATURE ACCURACY 温度精密度
Materials:材料
Calibrated temperature probe.
经过校正的温度探头。
Method:方法
Set the oven temperature at 150°C. Wait until the system is equilibrated.
将炉温设定为150℃，待系统平衡。
By means of the calibrated probe, measure the actual temperature in the oven (always in the same position) and compare it to the temperature displayed by the oven.
用校正过的温度探头，测量炉内实际温度（保持在同一位置），与高温炉的实际显示温度进行比较。
Limits:限度
The actual temperature may not differ more than±5.0°C with respect to the set temperature.
实测温度与设定温度差值不应大于±5.0°C。
4.2. TEMPERATURE STABILITY 温度稳定性
Materials:材料
Calibrated temperature probe.
校正过的温度探头。
Method:方法
Set the oven temperature at 150°C. Wait until the system is equilibrated.
将炉温设定为150°C，待系统平衡。
Insert the calibrated temperature probe into the oven block (always in the same position). Read the initial temperature and repeat the reading after 20 minutes.
将校正过的温度探头插入炉内（保持总在同一位置）。读取初始温度，20分钟后再次读取温度。
Limits: 限度
The temperature after 20 minutes may not differ more than ±0.5°C with respect to the initial temperature.
20分钟后，实际温度与起始温度差异不得过±0.5°C。
4.3. CARRIER GAS FLOW RATE载气流速
Materials: 材料
Calibrated flowmeter or flow meter used in connection with a calibrated watch.
校正过的流量计或连接有校正过的秒表的流量计
Method: 方法
Set the carrier gas (air or N2) flow rate at 50 ml/min. By means of the calibrated flowmeter, measure the actual flow rate and compare it to the set value.
设定载气流速（空气或氮气）为50ml/min，用校正过的流量计测量实际流速，与设定值进行比较。
Limits:限度
The actual flow rate may not differ more tha n ±10 ml/min. with respect to the set flow rate. 实际流速与设定流速差异值不得过±10 ml/min。
ANNEX II 附件2
Level IV. In-use instrument checks
第四级在用仪器的检查
This Annex contains practical examples of tests and their associated tolerance limits for several parameters related to the performance of an automatic titrator.
本附件包括了检查的实践性例子，及其相关的几个与自动滴定仪性能相关的参数的可接受标准。
These examples can be considered by the OMCLs as possible approaches to perform the Level IV of the equipment qualification process: “In-use instrument checks”.
这些例子可以被OMCL认为是仪器第四级别确认“在用仪器检查”的方法。
1. POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATORS 电位滴定仪
1.1. PRECISION 精密度
Materials: 材料
Suitable certified standard RV (highly pure, dried), e.g. Benzoic acid RV or tris(hydroxymethyl)- aminomethane (TRIS).
适当的经过计量的标准物质（高纯，干燥），例如苯甲酸或三羟甲基甲胺（TRIS）。
Fresh titrant, appropriate to titrate the selected standard.
费休滴定剂，适合滴定所选择的标准。
Method:方法
Perform a minimum of 3 titrations with 3 independent additions of certified standard (in random order if using different weights), which should result in a consumption of approx. 20 % to 90 % of the burette volume.
采用计量过的标准物质进行3次独立加样（如果使用的重量不同，顺序可以随机），进行至少3次滴定，滴定液消耗体积应为一管的20%-90%。
Calculate the relative standard deviation of the titers obtained.
计算所得滴定度的相对标准偏差。
If available, this calculation can be performed directly with the built-in statistics function of the instrument.
可以使用仪器内置的统计功能进行上述计算。
Limits: RS D≤0.2 %
限度：RSD≤0.2 %
1.2. ACCURACY 准确度
Materials: 材料
Refer to chapter 1.1. Precision. 参见第1.1章，精密度
Method:方法
Calculate the mean of the titers obtained in chapter 1.1. Precision.
计算在第1.1章，精密度中得到的滴定度的平均值。
For the calculation of the theoretical titer value of the titrant solution and the systematic deviation
(d rel), refer to Level III, chapter POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATORS; 1.2. ACCURACY.
对于滴定剂溶液的理论滴定度值和系统性偏差(d rel)的计算，参见第III级，电位滴定仪第1.2章精密度。
Limits: 限度
The systematic deviation (d rel) should be maximum ≤±2% of the theoretical titer (determined on a freshly opened titrant container).
系统偏差(d rel)应最大不超过理论滴定度的±2%（以新开的滴定剂容器为准）。
Note: The implementation of the suggested limit depends on the quality of the used volumetric solution. The use of a new solution and/or the check of the titer are recommended.
注：所建议执行的可接受标准依赖于所用的定量溶液的质量。建议使用新溶液和/检查滴定度。
2. KARL FISCHER VOLUMETRIC TITRATORS
卡尔费休容量法滴定仪
2.1. PRECISION
准确度
Materials:
材料
Certified water standard solution with a defined guaranteed water contents of 10 mg/g.
经过标定的水标准溶液，水含量10mg/g。
Karl Fischer reagents for volumetric water determination.
用于库仑法测定水分的卡尔费休试剂。
Method:
方法
Perform a minimum of 3 titrations with 3 independent additions of water standard solution (in random order if using different weights), which should result in a consumption of approx. 20 % to
90 % of the burette volume.
用水标准溶液3次独立进样，进行至少3次滴定（如果标准溶液重量不同，进样顺序可以随机），滴定消耗的滴定体积应为一管的20%-90%。
Calculate the relative standard deviation of the titers obtained.
计算所得的滴定度的相对标准偏差。
If available, this calculation can be performed directly with the built-in statistics function of the instrument.
如果可以的话，该计算可以由仪器内置的统计功能直接计算得到。
Limits: RSD≤1.5 %.
限度: RSD ≤1.5 %
2.2. RECOVERY 回收率
Materials and Method:
材料和方法
Refer to Recovery test in Level III.
参见第III级别回收率测试
Limits限度: 97.5 % to 102.5 %.
限度: 97.5 % to 102.5 %
3. KARL FISCHER COULOMETRIC TITRATORS
卡尔费休库仑法滴定仪
3.1. RECOVERY
回收率
Materials and Method:
材料和方法
Refer to Recovery test in Level III.
参见第III级别回收率测度
Limits:
限度
Water standard solution 1000μg/g - Recovery: 97.5 % to 102.5 %.
水标准溶液1000μg/g –回收率: 97.5 % to 102.5 %.
Water standard solution 100μg/g - Recovery: 90.0 % to 110.0 %.
水标准溶液100μg/g –回收率: 90.0 % to 110.0 %.
REFERENCES 参考文献
(For all references, the latest version applies 所有的参考文献均应采用现行版本)
1) Ph. Eur 欧洲药典. (2.5.12, 2.5.32).
2) Application Bulletin No. 255 - Validation of Metrohm KF Titrators according to GLP/ISO 9001. Metrohm. 应用期刊第255期---万通卡尔费休滴定仪根据GLP/ISO9001的验证，万通
3) Application Bulletin No. 252 - Validation of Metrohm titrators (potentiometric) according to GLP/ISO 9001. Metrohm. 应用期刊第252期---依据GLP/ISO 9001的万通滴定仪（电位滴定）的验证，万通
4) Application Bulletin No. 273 - Validation of Metrohm KF coulometers using Standard Operating Procedures. Metrohm. 应用期刊第273期---万通卡尔费休库仑法的标准操作程序，万通
5) Application Bulletin No. 283 – Validation of Metrohm burets. Metrohm. 应用期刊第283期----万通滴定管的验证，万通
量具中英文对照 卡尺类 1.游标卡尺vernier caliper 2.带表卡尺dial caliper 3.电子数显卡尺 calliper with electronic digital display 4.深度标游卡尺depth vernier caliper 5.电子数显深度卡尺 depth caliper with electronic digital display 6.带表高度卡尺dial height calliper 7.高度游标卡尺height vernier caliper 8.电子数显高度卡尺height caliper with electronic digital display 9.焊接检验尺calliper for welding inspection 千分尺类 1.测微头micrometer head 2.外径千分尺external micrometer 3.杠杆千分尺micrometer with dial comparator 4.带计数器千分尺micrometer with counter 5.电子数显外径千分尺 micrometer with electronic digital display 6.小测头千分尺small anvil micrometer 7.尖头千分尺point micrometer 8.板厚千分尺sheet metal micrometer 9.壁厚千分尺tube micrometer 10.叶片千分尺blade micrometer 11.奇数沟千分尺odd fluted micrometer 12.深度千分尺depth micrometer 13.内径千分尺internal micrometer 14.单杆式内径千分尺 single-body internal micrometer 15.表式内径千分尺 dail internal micrometer 16.三爪式内径千分尺 three point internal micrometer 17.电子数显三爪式内径千分尺 three point internal micrometer 18.内测千分尺inside micrometer 长度测量器具 量具类 1.量块gauge block 2.光滑极限量规plain limit gauge 3.塞规plug gauge 4.环规ring gauge 卡规snap gauge 5.塞尺feeler gauge 6.钢直尺steel gauge 7.精密玻璃线纹尺precision glass linear scale 8.精密金属线纹尺precision metal linear scale 9.半径样板radius template 测量器具术语 1.实物量具示值误差error of indication of a material measure 2.测量仪器示值误差error of indication of a measuring instrument 3.重复性误差repeatability error of a measuring instrument 4.回程误差hysteresis error 5.测量力变化variation of measuring force 6.测量力落差hysteresis of measuring force 7.偏移误差bias error (of a measuring instrument) 8.允许误差maximum permissible errors(of measuring instruments) 9.跟踪误差tracking error (of a measuring instrument) 10.响应率误差response-law error (of a measuring instrument) 11.量化误差quantization error (of a measuring instrument) 12.基值误差datum error (of a measuring instrument) 13.零值误差zero error (of a measuring instrument) 14.影响误差influence error 15.引用误差fiducial error 16.位置误差position error 17.线性误差linear error 18.响应特性曲线response characteristic curve 19.误差曲线error curve 20.校准曲线calibration curve 21.修正曲线correction curve 测量器具术语 1.标称值nominal value 2.示值indication(of a measuring instrument) 3.标尺范围scale range 4.标称范围nominal range 5.标尺长度scale length 6.标尺分度scale division
管道专业术语常用英语 单词 Document number：BGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-2022
管道专业术语常用英语单词 在引进装置、涉外及中外合资技术改造工程的技术资料中，经常要接触到英语单词。由于管道安装涉及多项工程技术，而不从属于任何一项工程技术分支，故其技术性质有一定特殊性，不少英语词汇是在实践中逐渐形成的，借助一般科技英汉词典有时也难以找到它们的确切含意。现将管道安装工程中出现较多的单词整理列出，如果能熟悉这些单词，对阅英文图纸能收到事半功倍的效果。 一、专业名词术语 设计图 施工图 平面图 立面图 轴测图、透视图 详图、大样图、接点图 修改图竣工图图名 图号 比例 温度 设计温度 湿度 流量 流速 摄氏温度ayout； design final plan elevation isometric drawing；detail drawing record drawing as-completed drawing； as-built drawing title drawn No. scale temperature design temperature humidity flow flow velocity ? ? 毛重 净重 支座 支架 吊架 间距 跨距 焊接 焊缝 石棉水泥 接口 青铅接口 承口、大 头 插口、小 头 压力试验 水压试验 gross weight net weight saddle support cradle distance； clearance； spacing span welding weld； welding seam； bead asbestos-cement joint lead joint hub； bell； socket spigot pressure test hydraulic test
实验仪器名称中英文对照表 仪器中文名称仪器英文名称英文缩写 原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪 Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP 紫外-可见光分光光度计 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 微波等离子体光谱仪 Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MIP 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS 原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪 Gas Chromatograph GC 高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC 离子色谱仪 Ion Chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC 体积排阻色谱 Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC X射线荧光光谱仪 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF X射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRD 同位素X荧光光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 电子能谱仪 Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪 Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS 质谱仪 Mass Spectrometer MS ICP-质谱联用仪ICP-MS ICP-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪 GC-MS GC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪 LC-MS LC-MS 核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR 电子顺磁共振波谱仪 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR 极谱仪 Polarograph 伏安仪 Voltammerter 自动滴定仪 Automatic Titrator 电导仪 Conductivity Meter pH计 pH Meter 水质分析仪 Water Test Kits 电泳仪 Electrophoresis System 表面科学Surface Science 电子显微镜 Electro Microscopy 光学显微镜 Optical Microscopy 金相显微镜 Metallurgical Microscopy 扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy 表面分析仪 Surface Analyzer 无损检测仪 Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 物性分析Physical Property Analysis
汽车、汽车零部件、配件中英文对照表 汽车类 Automobile English 整车 Finished Automobile 轿车 Passenger Car 休旅车 Recreational Vehicle (RV) 小型商用车(3.5吨以下) Light Duty Commercial Car (Less Than 3.5 Tons) 大型商用车(3.5吨以上) Heavy Duty Commercial Car (More Than 3.5 Tons) 散装车 Bulk Truck 搅拌车 Mixer Truck 环境卫生车 Garbage Truck 液罐车 Refueling Truck 倾卸车 Dumper Truck 曳引车 Tractor Truck 消防车 Fire Fighting Truck 堆高机 Forklift 拖板车 Pallet Truck 运钞车 Armor Cash Carrier 冷气客车 Air-Conditioned Car 冷冻车 Freezer Car
拖车 Trailer 车体打造(改装) Car Body Building (Refitting) 瓦斯车 LPG Car 底盘车 Chasis Truck 引擎零件 Engine Parts 引擎 Engine 引擎波司 Engine Bush 引擎修理包 Engine Gasket Kits 引擎零件 Engine Parts 凸轮轴 Camshaft 凸轮轴链轮 Sprocket Camshaft 皮带张力器 Tensioner 曲轴 Crankshaft 曲轴皮带盘 Crankshaft Pulley 曲轴轴承片 Crankshaft Bearing 汽门 Valve 汽门座 Valve Seat 汽门摇臂 Valve Arm 汽门摇臂盖 Rocker Cover 汽门弹簧 Valve Spring 汽门导管 Valve Guide 汽缸头(盖) Cylinder Head
计量器具中英文对照汇总表 计量器具中英文对照汇总表： 计量器具中英文对照汇总表-长度测量器具 量具类 1. 量块gaugeblock 2. 光滑极限量规plainlimit gauge 3. 塞规pluggauge 4. 环规ringgauge 卡规snap gauge 5. 塞尺feelergauge 6. 钢直尺steelgauge 7. 精密玻璃线纹尺precision glass linear scale 8. 精密金属线纹尺precision metal linear scale 9. 半径样板radiustemplate 卡尺类 1. 游标卡尺verniercaliper 2. 带表卡尺dialcaliper 3. 电子数显卡尺calliperwith electronic digital display 4. 深度标游卡尺depthvernier caliper 5. 电子数显深度卡尺depthcaliper with electronic digital display 6. 带表高度卡尺dialheight calliper 7. 高度游标卡尺heightvernier caliper 8. 电子数显高度卡尺heightcaliper with electronic digital display 9. 焊接检验尺calliperfor welding inspection 千分尺类 1. 测微头micrometerhead 2. 外径千分尺externalmicrometer 3. 杠杆千分尺micrometer with dial comparator 4. 带计数器千分尺micrometer with counter 5. 电子数显外径千分尺micrometer with electronic digital display 6. 小测头千分尺smallanvil micrometer 7. 尖头千分尺pointmicrometer 8. 板厚千分尺sheetmetal micrometer 9. 壁厚千分尺tubemicrometer 10. 叶片千分尺blademicrometer 11. 奇数沟千分尺oddfluted micrometer 12. 深度千分尺depthmicrometer 13. 内径千分尺internalmicrometer 14. 单杆式内径千分尺single-body internal micrometer
1管子及管件 1.1 P 管子Pipe 钢管的厚度在10mm以上的都称之为厚壁埋弧焊管埋弧焊的英文标识为SAW, 直缝埋弧焊钢管的简称为LSAW, 螺旋埋弧焊钢管为SSAW LSAW 钢管Longitudinally Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe 直缝双面埋弧焊钢管，它是利用埋弧焊技术生产的直缝钢管。 SAW 钢管全称Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe 埋弧焊钢管 螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管 1.2 EL 弯头Elbow 1.2.1 ELL 长半径弯头Long radius elbow 1.2.2 ELS 短半径弯头Short radius elbow 1.2.3 MEL斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头）Mitre elbow 1.2.4 REL 异径弯头Reducing elbow 1.3 T 三通Tee 1.3.1 LT 斜三通Lateral tee 1.3.2 RT 异径三通Reduci ng tee 1.4 R异径管接头（大小头）Reducer 1.4.1 CR 同心异径管接头（同心大小头）Concentric reducer 1.4.2 ER偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头）Eccentric reducer 1.5 CPL 管箍Coupling 1.5.1 FCPL 双头管箍Full coupling 1.5.2 HCPL 单头管箍Half coupling 1.5.3 RCPL 异径管箍Reducing coupling 1.6 BU内外螺纹接头Bushing
1.7 UN 活接头Un ion 1.8 HC 软管接头Hose coupler 1.9 SE 翻边短节Stub end 1.10 NIP 短节Pipe nipple or straight nipple 1.10.1 SNIP 异径短节Swaged n ipple 1.11 CP管帽（封头）Cap 1.12 PL管堵（丝堵）Plug 1.13 BLK 盲板Blank 1.13.1 SB 8 字盲板Spectacle blind （blank） 1.14 RP 补强板Reinforcing pad 支管台（或称加强管接头OLET 加强管接头（OLET ）的选用：当支管直径50＜DNC 200,选用不到标准三通时，应采用加强管接头连接。 pipe管线类型,saw 是埋弧焊管，LGS是管道材料Longitudinal Seam 的缩写直缝焊管，PE是这防腐类型是PE结构 是不是PE , BE，与你的焊接工艺WPS有关。如果是插焊、壁厚薄，就用PE; I - 如果对焊且壁厚较厚，那就要打坡口弄成BE。 45ELB : 45度弯头、CAP :管帽、COUPLING :管箍、PLUG :管塞、REDC:同心异径管、R-TEE :异径三通、S-OLET :承插支管台、TEE:三通、T-OLET :螺纹支管台、UNION 活接头、W-OLET :焊接支管台。 20# GB8163-99 SCH80 SMLS.GALVH 和20# GB8163-99 SCH80 SMLS ; 前者比后者多了GALVH，这是热镀锌的意思。前边的是热镀锌的，后边的是不镀锌的。 CAP —帽、盖、COUPLING —耦合、PLUG —叉栓、R-TEE —R形三通管 ------- Reducer 一般指＞=2",两端对接焊口，swage 一般指＜2",两端可以是不同接头，如对接焊口，插入焊口，或者螺纹接头 swage 一般指异径管短节 swage 禾口reducer 各有同心cone,偏心ecc 两种 PIPE,SAW 丄GS BE GB/T 9711 PSL1 GB713 Q245R SH/T 3405 100%RT,ANTI-H2S 10MM PIPE :管道
检验仪器名称中英文对照表 原子发射光谱仪-- Atomic Emission Spectrometer(AES) 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer(ICP) 直流等离子体发射光谱仪-- Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer(DCP) 紫外-可见光分光光度计-- UV-Visible Spectrophotometer(UV-Vis) 微波等离子体光谱仪-- Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer(MIP) 原子吸收光谱仪-- Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(AAS) 原子荧光光谱仪-- Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy(AFS) 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪-- FT-IR Spectrometer(FTIR) 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪-- FT-Raman Spectrometer(FTIR-Raman) 气相色谱仪-- Gas Chromatograph(GC) 高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) 离子色谱仪-- Ion Chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪-- Gel Permeation Chromatograph(GPC) 体积排阻色谱-- Size Exclusion Chromatograph(SEC) X射线荧光光谱仪-- X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer(XRF) X射线衍射仪-- X-Ray Diffractomer(XRD) 同位素X荧光光谱仪-- Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 电子能谱仪-- Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪-- Energy Disperse Spectroscopy(EDS) 质谱仪-- Mass Spectrometer(MS) ICP-质谱联用仪-- ICP-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪-- GC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪--LC-MS 核磁共振波谱仪-- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer(NMR) 电子顺磁共振波谱仪-- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer(ESR) 极谱仪-- Polarograph 伏安仪-- V oltammerter 自动滴定仪--Automatic Titrator 电导仪-- Conductivity Meter pH计-- pH Meter 水质分析仪-- Water Test Kits 电泳仪-- Electrophoresis System 表面科学-- Surface Science 电子显微镜-- Electro Microscopy 光学显微镜-- Optical Microscopy 金相显微镜-- Metallurgical Microscopy 扫描探针显微镜- Scanning Probe Microscopy 表面分析仪--Surface Analyzer 无损检测仪--Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 物性分析--Physical Property Analysis 热分析仪--Thermal Analyzer 粘度计--Viscometer
量具中英文对照表(机械专业) 游标卡尺－――Vernier Caliper 数显卡尺――Digital Caliper 带表卡尺――Digital Slide Caliper 深度――depth gauge 数显深度尺――Digital depth gauge 卡尺――Caliper 角尺――angle square 钢尺――steel rule 外径千分尺――external micrometer, 平面规surface gauge 外径千分尺――external micrometer 外径千分尺标准棒――micrometer standard 外径千分尺架子――micrometer stand 带表外径千分尺――Indicator dial micrometer 千分表外径规―――Dial indicator snap gauges 外径深度尺――depth micrometer 内径千分尺――Internal micrometer 花岗岩平台（精度1极）Granite table, accuracy 1装有T型槽的平台-Tenon and T-slot incl. installation 千分表-Dial indicator 数显千分表-Digital indicator 磁性吸座－－Magnetic stand
孔的轮廓量规－Bore profile gauge KT 卡钳式内径千分尺－Internal quick caliper dial gauge 点接触杠杆千分表---Lever dial indicator point contact length 可调的磁力架----Magnetic stand with fine adjustment 游标高度尺---Vernier height gauge 游标高度尺Digital height gauge 尺规\刀规－Straight edge 直尺－steel ruler 角尺－Square 卷尺Locking tape measure
1 管子及管件 1.1P 管子 Pipe 钢管的厚度在10mm以上的都称之为厚壁埋弧焊管 埋弧焊的英文标识为SAW, 直缝埋弧焊钢管的简称为LSAW, 螺旋埋弧焊钢管为SSAW LSAW 钢管 Longitudinally Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe 直缝双面埋弧焊钢管，它是利用埋弧焊技术生产的直缝钢管。 SAW钢管全称 Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe 埋弧焊钢管 螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管 1.2 EL 弯头 Elbow 1.2.1 ELL 长半径弯头 Long radius elbow 1.2.2 ELS 短半径弯头 Short radius elbow 1.2.3 MEL 斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头） Mitre elbow 1.2.4 REL 异径弯头 Reducing elbow 1.3 T 三通 Tee 1.3.1 LT 斜三通 Lateral tee 1.3.2 RT 异径三通 Reducing tee 1.4 R 异径管接头（大小头） Reducer 1.4.1 CR 同心异径管接头（同心大小头） Concentric reducer 1.4.2 ER 偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头） Eccentric reducer 1.5 CPL 管箍 Coupling 1.5.1 FCPL 双头管箍 Full coupling 1.5.2 HCPL 单头管箍 Half coupling 1.5.3 RCPL 异径管箍 Reducing coupling 1.6 BU 内外螺纹接头 Bushing
1.7 UN 活接头 Union 1.8 HC 软管接头 Hose coupler 1.9 SE 翻边短节 Stub end 1.10 NIP 短节 Pipe nipple or straight nipple 1.10.1 SNIP 异径短节 Swaged nipple 1.11 CP 管帽（封头） Cap 1.12 PL 管堵（丝堵） Plug 1.13 BLK 盲板 Blank 1.13.1 SB 8字盲板 Spectacle blind (blank) 1.14 RP 补强板 Reinforcing pad 支管台（或称加强管接头OLET 加强管接头(OLET)的选用:当支管直径50≤DN≤200,选用不到标准三通时,应采用加强管接头连接。 pipe 管线类型 ,saw 是埋弧焊管，LGS是管道材料Longitudinal Seam 的缩写直缝焊管，PE是这防腐类型是PE结构 是不是PE，BE，与你的焊接工艺WPS有关。 如果是插焊、壁厚薄，就用PE； 如果对焊且壁厚较厚，那就要打坡口弄成BE。 45ELB : 45度弯头、CAP：管帽、COUPLING：管箍、PLUG：管塞、REDC：同心异径管、R-TEE：异径三通、S-OLET：承插支管台、TEE：三通、T-OLET：螺纹支管台、UNION：活接头、W-OLET：焊接支管台。 20# GB8163-99 SCH80 SMLS.GALVH和20# GB8163-99 SCH80 SMLS；前者比后者多了GALVH，这是热镀锌的意思。前边的是热镀锌的，后边的是不镀锌的。 CAP—帽、盖、COUPLING—耦合、PLUG—叉栓、R-TEE—R形三通管 Reducer一般指>=2",两端对接焊口，swage一般指<2",两端可以是不同接头，如对接焊口，插入焊口，或者螺纹接头 swage一般指异径管短节 swage和reducer 各有同心conc,偏心ecc两种 PIPE,SAW,LGS BE GB/T 9711 PSL1 GB713 Q245R SH/T 3405 100%RT,ANTI-H2S 10MM
实验室常见仪器中英文对照表 量杯measuring cup 烧杯beaker 量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder 坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot 试管test tube 试管架test tube holder 漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel 烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask 塞子stopper 洗瓶plastic wash bottle 滴定管burette 玻璃活塞stopcock 冷凝器condenser 试剂瓶reagent bottles 玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod 蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask 碘量瓶iodine flask 表面皿watch glass 蒸发皿evaporating dish 容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask 移液管(one-mark) pipette 刻度移液管graduated pipettes 称量瓶weighing bottle 吸液管pipette 滤管filter 天平balance/scale 分析天平analytical balance 台秤platform balance 游码crossbeams and sliding weights 酒精灯alcohol burner 酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner 搅拌装置stirring device 洗耳球rubber suction bulb 研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar
管道及配件中英文对照 化工管道词汇翻译 1.1管子Pipe 管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管steel pipe 铸铁管cast iron pipe 衬里管lined pipe 复合管clad pipe 碳钢管carbon steel pipe 合金钢管alloy steel pipe 不锈钢stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe
螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe 塑料管plastic pipe 玻璃管glass tube 橡胶管rubber tube 直管run pipe; straight pipe 1.2管件Fitting 弯头elbow 异径弯头reducing elbow 带支座弯头base elbow 长半径弯头long radius elbow 短半径弯头short radius elbow 长半径180°弯头long radius return 短半径180°弯头short radius return 带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow 三通tee 异径三通reducing tee
原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP 紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 微波等离子体光谱仪Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MIP 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS 原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪Gas Chromatograph GC 高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC 离子色谱仪Ion Chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC 体积排阻色谱Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC X 射线荧光光谱仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF X 射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRD 同位素X 荧光光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 电子能谱仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS 质谱仪Mass Spectrometer MS ICP-质谱联用仪ICP-MS ICP-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪GC-MS GC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪LC-MS LC-MS 核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR 电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR 极谱仪Polarograph 伏安仪V oltammerter 自动滴定仪Automatic Titrator 电导仪Conductivity Meter pH 计pH Meter 水质分析仪Water Test Kits 电泳仪Electrophoresis System 表面科学Surface Science 电子显微镜Electro Microscopy 光学显微镜Optical Microscopy 金相显微镜Metallurgical Microscopy 扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy 表面分析仪Surface Analyzer 无损检测仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 物性分析Physical Property Analysis 热分析仪Thermal Analyzer 粘度计Viscometer
仪器中文名称仪器英文名称英文缩写 原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP 紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 微波等离子体光谱仪Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MIP 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS 原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪Gas Chromatograph GC 高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC 离子色谱仪Ion Chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC 体积排阻色谱Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC X射线荧光光谱仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF X射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRD 同位素X荧光光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 电子能谱仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS 质谱仪Mass Spectrometer MS ICP-质谱联用仪ICP-MS ICP-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪GC-MS GC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪LC-MS LC-MS 核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR 电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR 极谱仪Polarograph 伏安仪Voltammerter 自动滴定仪Automatic Titrator 电导仪Conductivity Meter pH计pH Meter 水质分析仪Water Test Kits 电泳仪Electrophoresis System 表面科学Surface Science 电子显微镜Electro Microscopy 光学显微镜Optical Microscopy 金相显微镜Metallurgical Microscopy 扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy 表面分析仪Surface Analyzer 无损检测仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 物性分析Physical Property Analysis 热分析仪Thermal Analyzer 粘度计Viscometer 流变仪Rheometer
管件标准中英文对照 Standard Code 规范代号 Standard Name 规范名称 ASME SA-234 中、高温用钢制碳钢和合金钢管道配件 Medium and high temperature used carbon and alloy steel pipe fittings ASME SA-420 低温用锻制碳钢和合金钢管配件 Low temperature forged carbon and alloy steel pipe fittings ASME SA-403 锻制奥氏体不锈钢管配件 Forged Durimet pipe fittings ASME B16.9 工厂制造的钢制对焊管件 Factory-Made wrought steel pipe fittings ASME B16.11 承插焊和螺纹锻钢管件 Socket-welding and Threaded forged fittings ASME B16.28 锻钢对焊小半径弯头和回弯头 Wrought steel butt-welding short radius elbows and returns ISO 5251 不锈钢对焊管件 Stainless steel butt-welding fittings MSS SP-43 锻制不锈钢对焊管件 Wrought stainless steel butt-welding fittings MSS SP-75 锻钢制对焊管件 Forging butt-welding fittings MSS SP-79 承插焊异径插入件 Socket-welding reducing Inserts MSS SP-83 3000磅级的钢制承插焊和螺纹活接头 Class 3000 steel socket-welding and threaded unions MSS SP-95 缩渐管和圆堵头 Swaged nipples and round plugs MSS SP-97 承插焊、螺纹和对焊端的整体加紧式管座 SW 、TH and BW ends for integrally reinforced forged branch outlet JIS B2311 通用钢制对焊管件 Universal steel butt-welding pipe fittings JIS B2312 钢制对焊管件 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings JIS B2313 钢板制对焊管件 Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings JIS B2316 钢制承插焊管件 Steel socket-welding pipe fittings DIN 2605 钢制对焊管件弯头和弯管 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.elbows and bends DIN 2615 钢制对焊管件三通 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.tees DIN 2616 钢制对焊管件异径管 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.reducers
仪器中文名称仪器英文名称英文缩写原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪 Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP 紫外-可见光分光光度计 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 微波等离子体光谱仪 Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MIP 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS 原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪 Gas Chromatograph GC 高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC 离子色谱仪 Ion Chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC 体积排阻色谱 Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC X射线荧光光谱仪 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF X射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRD 同位素X荧光光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 电子能谱仪 Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪 Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS 质谱仪 Mass Spectrometer MS ICP-质谱联用仪ICP-MS ICP-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪 GC-MS GC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪 LC-MS LC-MS 核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR 电子顺磁共振波谱仪 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR 极谱仪 Polarograph 伏安仪 Voltammerter 自动滴定仪 Automatic Titrator 电导仪 Conductivity Meter pH计 pH Meter 水质分析仪 Water Test Kits 电泳仪 Electrophoresis System 表面科学Surface Science 电子显微镜 Electro Microscopy 光学显微镜 Optical Microscopy 金相显微镜 Metallurgical Microscopy 扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy