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2010-2011学年高一上学期第三次阶段性测试试卷

2010-2011学年高一上学期第三次阶段性测试试卷
2010-2011学年高一上学期第三次阶段性测试试卷

塘栖中学2010—2011学年第一学期第三次阶段性测试

化学试题(试卷)

可能用到的相对原子质量:H:1 C:12 O:16 Cl:35.5 Na:23 Al:14 一、选择题(本题包括20小题,每小题2分,共40分,每小题只有一个....选项符合题意) 1、从石器、青铜器到铁器时代,金属的冶炼体现了人类文明的发展水平。下图表示了三种金属被人类开发利用的大致年限,之所以有先后,主要取决于( )

A .金属的导电性强弱

B .金属在地壳中的含量多少

C .金属的化合价高低

D .金属的活动性大小 2、下列关于钠及其化合物的叙述,不正确...

的是( ) A .硫酸钠的焰色反应呈黄色 B .过氧化钠可用于呼吸面具中作为氧气的来源

C .碳酸氢钠的水溶液呈弱酸性

D .发酵粉中含有碳酸氢钠,能使焙制出的糕点疏松多孔 3、1989年世界卫生组织把铝确定为食品污染源之一而加以控制。铝及其化合物在下列场合使用时应加以控制的是( )

①制铝合金 ②制电线 ③制炊具 ④制防锈油漆 ⑤明矾净水 ⑥明矾与苏打制食品膨松剂 ⑦易拉罐 ⑧用Al(OH)3凝胶制胃舒平药片 ⑨包装糖果和小食品 A .③⑤⑧⑨ B .③⑤⑥⑧⑨ C .③⑤⑨

D .③⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨

4、下列选项与氯气的用途无关的是( )

A .杀菌消毒

B .制漂白粉

C .从海水中提取食盐

D .制盐酸 5、关于明矾可以净水的原因,下列叙述正确的是( ) A .明矾中含SO 42-,可与水中阳离子结合生成沉淀 B .因为明矾有强氧化性

C .明矾溶于水后,生成Al(OH)3胶体,起到净水作用

D .明矾含有两种金属阳离子 K +、Al 3+,吸附能力强

6、镁、铝、铜三种金属粉末混合物,加入过量盐酸充分反应,过滤后向滤液中加入过量烧碱溶液,再过滤,滤液中存在的离子有( )

A .AlO 2-

B .Cu 2+

C .Al 3+

D .Mg 2+

7、既能与盐酸反应,又能与NaOH 溶液反应的是( )

①AlCl 3 ②Al(OH)3 ③NaHCO 3 ④Al 2O 3 ⑤Na 2CO 3

A .全部

B .①②④

C .②④⑤

D .②③④

8、现有MgCl 2、AlCl 3、CuCl 2、FeCl 3、NH 4Cl 、Na 2SO 4六种溶液,只用一种试剂就能够将它们区别开,这种试剂是( )

A .氨水

B .AgNO 3

C .浓NaOH

D .NaCl 9、在无色透明的酸性溶液中,能大量共存的离子组是( ) A .Ba 2+、Ag +、NO 3-、Cl - B .Mg 2+、NH 4+、NO 3-、Cl -

C .HCO 3-、K +、SO 4 2-、Cl -

D .K +、Fe 3+、NO 3-、MnO 4-

约6000年前

约3000年前

约200年前

K Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb(H) Cu Hg Ag Pt Au

10、已知钡的活动性处于钾和钠之间,下列说法正确的是()

A.在溶液中钡离子可氧化Zn B.钡可以从NaCl溶液中置换出Na

C.钡可以从冷水中置换出H2 D.钡可以从CuCl2溶液中置换出Cu

11、下列各组的两种物质在溶液中的反应,可用同一离子方程式表示的是()

A.氢氧化铜与盐酸;氢氧化铜与醋酸

B.氯化钡溶液与硫酸钠溶液;氢氧化钡溶液与硫酸溶液

C.小苏打溶液与盐酸;苏打溶液与硫酸

D.石灰石与稀硝酸;大理石与盐酸

12、鉴别Cl-、Br-、I-三种离子,不.宜选用的试剂组是()

A.AgNO3溶液和稀硝酸B.溴水和淀粉溶液

C.氯水和CCl4溶液D.氯水和淀粉溶液

13、在电解质溶液中,下列叙述正确的是()

A.阳离子和阴离子数目一定相等

B.阳离子带的正电荷总数一定和阴离子带的负电荷总数相等

C.除阴、阳离子外,溶液中不会再有其他粒子

D.强电解质溶液的导电性一定强于弱电解质溶液

14、下列离子方程式中书写正确的是()

A.氢氧化铜加到盐酸中:OH-+H+ ══ H2O

B.AlCl3溶液中加入足量的氨水:Al3++ 3OH-══ Al(OH)3↓

C.少量Ca(OH)2加到碳酸氢钠溶液中:Ca2+ +2OH-+2HCO3-══ CaCO3+2H2O+CO32-

D.金属钠与水反应:Na+2H2O ══ Na++2OH-+H2↑

15、根据Fe+CuCl2══FeCl2+Cu;2FeCl3+Cu══2FeCl2+CuCl2两个反应,判断Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+的氧化性强弱顺序()

A.Cu2+>Fe2+>Fe3+B.Fe3+>Fe2+>Cu2+ C.Fe3+>Cu2+>Fe2+D.Fe2+>Fe3+>Cu2+

16、向MgSO4和Al2(SO4)3的混合溶液中,逐滴加入NaOH溶液。下列图象中能正确表示上述反应的是(横坐标表示加入NaOH溶液的体积,纵坐标表示反应生成沉淀的质量) ()

17、向盛有物质的量浓度相等的稀硫酸和氢氧化钠溶液的两烧杯中分别加入过量的铝,放出的气体体积在标准状况下相等,则所取稀硫酸和氢氧化钠溶液的体积比为()A.1︰2 B.3︰2 C.3︰1 D.6︰1

18、在甲、乙、丙、丁四个烧杯中分别放入0.1mol的钠、氧化钠、过氧化钠、氢氧化钠,然后各加入100mL水,搅拌,使固体完全溶解,则甲、乙、丙、丁的质量分数由大到小的顺序是()

A.甲<乙<丙<丁B.丁<甲<乙=丙C.甲=丁<乙=丙D.丁<甲<乙<丙

19、往100 mL 1mol/L的AlCl3溶液中滴加1mol/L的NaOH溶液,得到3.9g沉淀,则加入NaOH溶液的体积可能是()

A.75 mL B.200 mL C.300 mL D.350 mL

20、某溶液中Cl-、Br-、I-三种离子的物质的量之比为2:3:4,要使溶液中Cl-、Br-、I-物质的量之比为4:3:2,则通入Cl2的物质的量是原溶液中I-物质的量的()A.1/2 B.1/3 C.1/4 D.1/8

二、填空题(本题共3个小题,共17分)

21、(4分)物质的性质决定了物质的用途,下面列出了金属的几种性质:①导热性、②导

电性、③还原性、④延展性、⑤具有金属光泽。请在下面金属用途后的横线上填上金属性质对应的序号。

(1)用铝锭制成包装用的铝箔;(2)用铝制成的高压铝锅;

(3)用铁粉回收废液中的银;(4)大量使用的铜丝、金属电缆。

22、(6分) 用双线桥法表示下列氧化还原反应中的电子转移情况, 并分别注明氧化剂和氧化产物。

① Al2O3+N2+3C高温2AlN+3CO 氧化剂;

②10 Al + 6 NaNO3 + 4 NaOH ══ 10 NaAlO2 + 3 N2 + 2 H2O氧化产物。

23、(7分)过氧化钠几乎能与所有的常见非金属氧化物反应,如:

Na2O2+ SO2══ Na2SO4Na2O2 + 2SO3══ 2Na2SO4 + O2

(1)试分别写出Na2O2与CO2、CO反应的化学方程式

,。(2)通过比较可知,当非金属元素处于价态时,其氧化物与过氧化钠反应有氧气生成。(3)请写出过氧化钠与生活中常见的在常温常压下呈液态的氧化物反应的化学方程式

三、推断题(本题包括2小题,共14分)

24、(8分)下列框图中每个字母表示一种反应物或生成物,其中A、B、E为气体,A在B 中燃烧时发出苍白色火焰,B、C、D、F、G均含有同一种元素,且知F、G为盐,反应③为实验室制取氧气常用的反应。请按下述框图进行推断(其中一部分生成物已略去)

(1)写出A、B、F、G的化学式:A________、B_________、F_________、G_________。

(2)写出反应①的离子反应方程式

.......;

写出B与冷.的氢氧化钾反应的化学

...。

..方程式

25、(6分)A

(略去条件和副产品)。

(1)若A 为气态单质,B 为漂白粉的主要成份之一,C 具有漂白性。试写A 转化为B 的化学方程式 。

(2)若B 为Al 2O 3,C 为钠盐,试写出B 转化为C 的化学方程式 。 (3)若A 、B 、C 均为钠盐的水溶液,B 转化为C 是海水中提取溴的原理,请写出B 转化为C 的离子方程式 。 四、实验题(本题包括2小题,共17分)

26、(3分) 验室有三瓶失去标签的无色溶液:氯化钾、氢氧化钙和稀硫酸,可用一种试剂一次鉴别它们。甲同学选的是一种正盐溶液,乙同学选的是一种有色试剂,他们都得到了正确结论。试推断甲、乙两位同学选用的试剂:甲__________,乙_________。还可以用__________。(均填名称)

27、(14分)某校化学课外小组为了鉴别碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠两种白色固体,用不同的方法做了以下实验,如图Ⅰ~Ⅳ所示。

(1)只根据图I 、II 所示实验,能够达到实验目的是(填装置序号)__________________。 (2)图III 、IV 所示实验均能鉴别这两种物质,其反应的化学方程式为 , ;与实验III 相比,实验IV 的优点是 。 (3)若用实验IV 验证碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的稳定性,则试管B 中装入的固体最好是__________。 (4)另有两瓶溶液,已知分别是K 2CO 3和NaHCO 3,请你写出两种不同的鉴别方法。

① ; ② 。

塘栖中学2010—2011学年第一学期第三次阶段性测试

化学试题(答卷)

一、选择题(本题包括20小题,每小题2分,共40分,每小题只有一个....

选项符合题意) 3个小题,共17分)

21、(4分)(1) ;(2) ;(3) ;(4) 。 22、(6分) ① Al 2O 3+N 2+3C

高温

2AlN +3CO 氧化剂 ;

②10Al+6NaNO 3+4NaOH ══10NaAlO 2+3N 2↑+2H 2O 氧化产物 。

23、(7分)(1) , 。

(2) 。(3) 。

2小题,共14分)

24、(8分)(1)A 、B 、 F 、G 。

(2) ;

25、(6分)(1) 。

(2) 。 (3) 。

2小题,共17分)

26、(3分)甲 ,乙 。还可以用 。(均填名称)

27、(14分)(1)。

(2),

(3)___________。

(4)①;

②。

五、计算题(本题共2小题,共12分)

28、(4分) 如右图是某学校实验室从化学试剂商店买回来的

氢氧化钠试剂标签上的部分内容。某同学从该试剂瓶中取出24.0g

固体,配成1L溶液,请计算:

(1)所得氢氧化钠溶液的物质的量浓度为。

(2)从所得的氢氧化钠溶液中取出200mL于一烧杯中,投入足量的金属铝,完全反应后,产生的气体在标准状况下的体积为。

29、(8分)向300 mL NaOH溶液中缓慢通入一定量的CO2气体,充分反应后,在减压低温下蒸发溶液,得到白色固体。请回答下列问题:

(1)由于CO2通入量不同,所得到的白色固体的组成也不同,试推断有几种可能的组成,并分别列出。

(2)若通入CO2气体为2.24L (标准状况下),得到9.5 g 的白色固体。请通过计算确定此白色

固体是由哪些物质组成的,其质量各为多少?所用的NaOH溶液的物质的量浓度为多少?

备用试题:

要将NaCl溶液中含有的少量FeCl3、AlCl3杂质除去,合理的方案是()

A.加入过量氨水后过滤

B.加入过量的NaOH溶液后过滤

C.先加过量NaOH溶液后过滤,取滤液再通入足量CO2再过滤

D.先加过量NaOH溶液后过滤,取滤液通入足量CO2再过滤,往滤液中加入适量盐酸

27、(14分)某学生设计如图所示的实验装置,利用

氯气与潮湿的消石灰反应制取少量漂白粉(这是一个放

热反应),据此回答下列问题:

(1)在A装置中用固体二氧化锰与浓盐酸在加热

条件下制取氯气,反应原理为:MnO2+4HCl(浓) △

MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O,若在标准状态下收集到22.4升的氯气,则被氧化的HCl的物质的量是。

(2)漂白粉将在U形管中产生,其化学方程式是。

(3)C装置的作用是。

(4)此实验所得漂白粉的有效成分偏低。该学生经分析并查阅资料发现,主要原因是在U 形管中还存在两个副反应:

①温度较高时氯气与消石灰反应生成Ca(ClO3)2,为避免此副反应的发生,可采取的措施

是。

②试判断另一个副反应(用化学方程式表示) ,

为避免此副反应的发生,可将装置作何改进。

(5)家庭中使用漂白粉时,为了增强漂白能力,可加入少量的物质是。

A.食盐B.食醋C.烧碱D.纯碱

26、(5分)设计实验方案验证明矾中含有K+,Al3+,和SO2-,写出实验步骤、现象及结论。

25、海水中含有非常丰富的化学资源,从海水中可提取多种化工原料。下图是某化工厂对海水资源综合利用的示意图。(注:母液中含有Mg2+)

试回答下列问题:

(1)粗盐中含有Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-等杂质,精制后可得饱和NaCl溶液,精制时通常在溶液中加入以下物质,最后使溶液呈中性。

①过量的Na2CO3溶液、②盐酸、③过量的NaOH溶液、④过量的BaCl2溶液则,加入的顺序是_________。

(2)写出加入最后一种试剂后可能发生的化学反应的离子方程式、

(3)①写出反应Ⅱ的化学方程式,

②反应Ⅲ的离子方程式。

28、(8分)将一定量的镁、铝混合物溶于100 mL 2mol/LH2SO4溶液中,然后再滴加1 mol/L NaOH溶液。若在滴加NaOH溶液的过程中,产生的沉淀质量m随加入NaOH溶液的体积V变化如下图所示,请回答:

(1)若在滴加NaOH溶液过程中,欲使Mg2+、Al3+刚好沉淀完全,则滴入NaOH溶液的体积V(NaOH) mL。

(2)V2等于440mL时,沉淀的质量m等于3.48g,求n(Mg)= mol,n(Al)= mol。

(3)V1的值是mL。

1、年级平均分:56.84

2、第25题得分不是很好,科幻一道直接考查电子式\结构式的试题.

3、选择题第20、21、22得分较低。17题丢分也比较多。

4、27题第(3)小题学生完全不知道怎么答。

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