倒装句
1.全部倒装：
1)副词here, there, now, then ,in, out ,away, up , down, off, back, over等置于句首时，且主语是名词时。Here are some picture-books. Out rushed the boy, crying .
注意代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。A way he went .
2) 作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时。
Present at the meeting were some important figures. Sitting in front of the house was a little girl. Seated in front of the house was a little girl.
Among the goods are Chinese trees, flowers, candles and toys.
3) 表地点的介词短语置于句首，全倒装. In front of the building stands a big tree .
2．部分倒装：
1)否定词置于句首，部分倒装。
a) never, hardly, seldom, little, few , nowhere等表否定或半否定意义的词置于句首时.
Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
b）常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。
①Not only…but (also)… 并列两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，而后一个分句不倒装。
Not only does he like playing the piano, but also he likes playing football.
②Neither…nor… 引导两个并列分句时，两个分句都要倒装。
Neither does he like playing the piano, nor does he like playing football.
③Hardly( Scarcely /Barely)…when…和No sooner… than… ，意义为“一…就…”。
Hardly had he finished his work when he went out.
No sooner had he finished his work than he went out .
④Not …until… 从句或短语在句首时，后面主句用部分倒装结构，而从句不倒装。
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
2) “So + 形容词/副词+ that ”和“Such +名词+ that”句型，意为“如此…以至于…”.
当So + 形容词/副词, Such +名词位于句首时，主句部分倒装，但从句不倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
3）当副词only+状语置于句首时，主句部分倒装。(注意：only +主语，则不用倒装) Only then did I realize the importance of study. （Only he knows it .）
4）so /neither/nor+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语“…也是如此/…也不这样”。
They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
注意：so + 主语+ 谓语“的确如此”It is hot today . ----So it is. 的确如此。
5）as 引导的让步状语从句中，通常把从句中的表语，状语甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。Y oung as he is, he knows much. Try as he might, he failed again.
Beggar as he is, he looks very proud. Hard as he worked , he didn’t succeed .
注意：although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装；though 引导的可以倒装也可以不倒装。
6)在虚拟条件句中,从句中有were, should 或had,可省略if, 把were, should 或had 置于句首。Should it snow tomorrow, I would take photos. Were I you , I would study hard .
Had he taken her advice , he would not have failed .
7)在某些表示祝愿的句子里用部分倒装。May God bless you ! May you succeed ! Practice:
1. _____the plane.
A. Down flying
B. Down was flying
C. Down flew
D. Flew down
2. Under a big tree ____, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man
B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat
D. sat a fat man
3.She plays the piano very well. ______.
A. So every one of us does
B. Every one of us does
C. So does every one of us
D. So do every one of us
4. Never _____such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are having seen
B. had I seen
C. I have seen
D. have I seen
5. Not only ____a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made
B. does he make
C. he made
D. did he make
6. Not until he got off the bus _____that he had got his wallet stolen.
A. he found
B. did he find
C. he had found
D. had he found
7.Only in this way _____progress in your English.
A. you make
B. can you make
C. you be able to make
D. will you able to make
8. _____and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped
B.The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat
D. Jumped up the cat
9. ------Where is your father? -------Oh,_______.
A. here he comes
B. he here comes
C. here does he come
D. here comes he
10.____in which they had came to the island.
A. Nearby were two canoes
B. Nearby two canoes were
C. Were two canoes nearby
D. Two canoes nearby were
11. The door opened and there ____.
A. enters an old man
B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter
D. an old man entered
12. ______ a letter for you. A. There are B. Is here C. Here is D. Is there
13. Was it not ___ you arrived at his house __ you discovered that he was on holiday?
A.when; that
B. until; did
C. until; that
D. when; did
14. Now and then ___ up to see what happened.
A. did he wake
B. he wake
C. he wakes
D. he did wake
15. She is not fond of cooking,____ I.
A. so am
B. nor am
C. neither do I
D. nor do
16. Early in the morning __ the news ____ the Chinese Team defeated the Japanese Team.
A comes; what B. came; that C comes; that D came; what
17. At the foot of the mountain_____.
A. lie a beautiful lake
B. does a beautiful lake lie
C. lies a beautiful lake
D. do a beautiful lake lie
18. At no time ___ his personal interest first.
A. should a communist place
B. a communist should place
C. a communist place
D. does a communist place
19.On the wall ______two large portraits.
A. are hanging
B. hanged
C. hang
D. hangs
20.No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began
B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin
D. had the game begun
21. Look out! ______
A. The bus come there
B. There comes the bus.
C. Does the bus come?
D. Comes the bus there.
22. Little ___about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care
B. did he care
C. he cares
D. he cared
23. Not only ______ polluted but ______ crowded.
A. was the city;were the streets
B. the city was;were the streets
C. was the city;the streets were
D. the city was;the streets were
24.______ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
25.So ______ that no fish can live in it.
A. the lake is shallow
B. shallow the lake is
C. shallow is the lake
D. is the lake shallow
26. Not a single song ____at yesterday’s party.
A. she sang
B. sang she
C. did she sing D she did sing
27.Hardly_______ when it began to rain.
A. had he arrived
B. arrived he
C. he had arrived
D. did he arrive
28.Mr. Smith promised to help me and____ the next day.
A. neither he did
B. so he did
C. neither did he
D. so did he
29.Not until the bell rang____in.
A. do they come
B. came they
C. did they come
D. they came
30. ______ a big paper-making factory by the lake.
A. There stands
B. Does there stand
C. Standing there is
D. It is standing
31. My wife is a teacher, and ____. A. so am I B. so I am C. also I am D. too I am
32. ______, the boy knows a lot about computer.
A. Though is he young
B. As is he young
C. Y oung as is he
D. Y oung as he is
33. After that we have never seen her again, nor ______ her.
A. we have heard from
B. have we heard from
C. did we hear from
D. we heard from
34. Not until yesterday evening ______ the party had been put off till next Saturday.
A. I knew
B. didn't I know
C. did I know
D. I didn't know
Grammar: 省略
省略是英语的一种习惯用法。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法结构所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。
一．复合句中的省略
1.状语从句中的省略
(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语部分的be
动词可以省略。
E.g. He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak.
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was)expected.
Unless (it is) important, I won’t attend the lecture.
(2) 含有if的省略结构常见的有：if only, if ever, if so, if not等（if so, if not中so或not
代替上文内容）
E.g. Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected.
Get up early tomorrow, if not (If you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.
(3) 如果虚拟条件句中有助动词were, had, should,可省略连词if，并将were, had, should
移至句首构成部分倒装。
E.g. Were I you, I wouldn’t do it. =If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
2.定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom, 等可省略（注：whom和
which紧跟在介词后时不能省略）
E.g. The days (that) we spent together on the farm are unforgetful.
(2)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句中若缺少方式状语时可用that或in which
引导，或将that或in which省略。
E.g. This is the best way (that) we should choose.
3. 宾语从句中的省略
(1)当连接词that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时常可省略that, 但当动词跟两个或两
个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省。
E.g. The organizer explained (that) the task was difficult and that the weather was bad.
(2)在suggest, request, orde, advice等表示建议，命令，要求，坚持等的动词后面的宾语
从句中,应用虚拟语气“should+do”,其中should可省略。(注意：以上动词对应的名词所跟的同位语从句或表语从句用法一致。)
E.g. He suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
二．不定式的省略
1. 有些动词后跟不定式作宾语时只保留不定式符号to, 省略了后面的动词，例如，这样的动词有：want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, prefer, mean等
E.g. --Do you think you can pass the driving test?
--I hope to/I expect to (pass the driving test)
2. 如果不定式中含有be, have(完成时中的助动词)，have been时，通常要保留它们。
E.g. He is not a scientist now, but he hopes to be (a scientist) in future.
E.g. They haven’t completed the project, but they ought to have (completed it).
3.当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do的某种形式，则不定式中的to
可省略。
E.g. All that he could do was (to) wait.
4. 介词but, except前有实义动词do的任何形式时，后面的不定式省略to.
E.g. She could do nothing but wait for another chance.
三．介词的省略
一些与动词，名词或形容词一起搭配的介词可省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth; be busy (in) doing sth; stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth
E.g. What difficulty I had (in) finding your home.
Exercise:
1.---Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go to, mom?
---______Wait till you are old enough, dear.
A. Will you?
B. Why not?
C. I hope so.
D. I’m afraid not.
2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if____regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
3. Mary wanted to travel with her friends, but her friend told her_____.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
4.—Do you think we will have a long holiday next month? ---_____.
A. I believe not
B. I believe not so
C. I don’t believe it
D. I don’t believe
5. He decided not to say anything at the meeting unless____.
A. asking to
B. to ask to
C. asked to
D. ask to
6.---He hasn’t turned up at the party so far. ---Well, he____.
A. should
B. ought to
C. ought to go
D. ought to have
7.Some of you may have finished unit one. ____, you can go on to unit two.
A. If you may
B. If you do
C. If not
D. If so
8.Every evening after dinner, if not_____from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to be tired
9.If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If_____, _____.
A. not; not
B. no; no
C. not; no
D. no; not
10.Present at their wedding were about 300 guests, many more than_____.
A.expecting
B. expected
C. having expected
D. having been expected
11.We all know that, ____, the situationg will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
12.“What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?”“____she was a woman.”
A. /
B. When
C. That
D. What
13. --- I won’t do it any more. --- ________?
A. Why don’t
B. Why don’t do it any more
C. Why not
D. Why not to
14. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell
B. telling
C. having told
D. told
15. --- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________.
A. I not
B. don’t
C. not
D. no
16. --- Mary didn’t attend the lecture, did she? --- Y es, she ________.
A. attended
B. didn’t attend
C. didn’t
D. did
17. --- What’s Joan doing?--- _________ newspapers in the room.
A. She reading
B. She reads
C. To read
D. Reading
18. _________ always succeed.
A. Honest and clever students
B. Students who honest and clever
C. Honest students and clever
D. Students are honest and clever
19. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy? --- __________ ?
A. I
B. Myself
C. Mine
D. Me
20. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.
A. any more
B. many more
C. much more
D. no more
21. --- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind lo oking after my cat?
--- Not at all. _________.
A. I’ve no time
B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like to
D. I’d be happy to
22. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? --- _________. It’s too expensive.
A. Why not
B. I agree
C. I’m afraid not
D. I’m sure
23. The present situation there is more serious than______.
A expected
B expectation
C expect
D has been expected
倒装与省略 倒装的类型：完全倒装：将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装。 部分倒装：只将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。 一完全倒装 1、在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。 2、在here, there，now，then等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态或一般过去时态），表示强调。需特别注意的是，如果主语是人称代词，主谓则不再倒装。 3.把表地点、方位的副词，如up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。 4.把表示地点的介词词组放在句首，且谓语通常为不及物动词，则需用完全倒装。 5. 表语位于句首为了表示强调或为了句子平衡需要倒装。 二部分倒装 1.在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom, by no means, in no case, on no condition 等否定副词或词组开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。 2. only加状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)放在句首时，需用部分倒装 3、用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。 4、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词时可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。 5. so…that；such…that 结构中，so或such 位于句首时，需倒装。 三另外，有些倒装只是结构的需要，并非完全意义上的主谓倒装，常见的有以下几种。 1. as引导让步状语从句时的倒装结构为：形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词+ as + 主语+ 谓语 Child as he is, he knows a lot.（child前不加冠词） 2. 用于感叹句中。What a fine day (it is). 3. no matter +wh-词或wh-ever 结构中需倒装，通常是宾/表/状语提前。 However(=No matter how) cold it is, he always goes swimming. 4. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed! 省略句 Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、 when，while引导的时间状语从句 When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、 if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等） 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 [点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考) 直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考) 直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 (3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。 Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 [点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. ——天太热了。 —So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 (6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。 1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow) 通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in 2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think) 听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think 1．强调句型 结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
1、Not until the early years of the 19th century _________what heat is. A、man did know B、man knew C、didn’t man know D、did man know 【解题分析】not until意为“直到……才”，后面的句子要用倒装语序。句意为：“直到19世纪早期，人们才认识到热是什么。” 2、Mary doesn’t speak French, and ____________ does John. A、either B、so C、no D、neithe 【解题分析】neither用在句首表示“……也不”时，句子用倒装语序。正确答案：D 3、On the wall _______________some famous paintings. A、am B、is C、are D、be 【解题分析】[正确答案：C句意：墙上有一些著名的油画。在主谓倒装的句子中，动词的单复式形式应和它后面的主语在数上保持一致。 4、—Did you finish doing your homework in time? —I am afraid _______. A、doing B、so C、no D、not 【解题分析】正确答案：D I am afraid not表示“恐怕不能”的意思。 5、If you go to the park tomorrow morning, _________. A、so will he B、so he will C、so he does D、so does he 【解题分析】正确答案：A这是—个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句，条件状语从句中谓语用—般现在时，主句的谓语常用—般将来时，故C和D被排除。主句所表示的意义是“他也将去。”因此，主句的主语和if条件状语从句中的主语所做的事—致，主谓要倒装。 6、—Hello, Zhu Hua. I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year. —__________! A、What time flies B、How time flies C、What does time fly D、How does time fly 【解题分析】正确答案：B how time flies＝how fast time flies“时间过得真快”。因为被感叹的部分是副词fast，因此感叹词用how，感叹句需用陈述语序。 7、Never before that night _________ the extent of my own power. A、had I felt B、I felt C、did I feel D、I had felt 【解题分析】正确答案：A. never before that…意为“直到……才……”，常与完成时态连用。never放在句首时，后面的语序要部分倒装。句意为：“直到那天晚上我才意识到我的权力范围。” 8、During the war, __________but also he lost his wife and his child A、not was his job in the lab taken away B、not only was his job in the lab taken away C、not merely his job in the lab was taken away D、not just was taken away his job in the lab 【解题分析】正确答案：B not only. . . but also连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，该分句主谓部分倒装。 9、—I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. —____________. A、Same with me B、So do I C、Nor am I D、Neither would I 【解题分析】正确答案：D neither用在句首表示“……也不”时，句子用倒装语序；而且要使用与上文相同的助动词。 10、Hardly had she walked out of the woods __________ she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree. A、than B、until C、since D、when 【解题分析】正确答案：D hardly. . . when. . . 表示“一……就”。注意，主句主谓要用部分倒装。 11、Little _______________ that the district was very rich in resources. A、we suspected B、we did suspect C、did we suspect D、do we suspect 【解题分析】正确答案：C little意为“很少，几乎没有”放在句首表示强调时，其后的语序要用倒装。句意为：“我们从未怀疑过这个地区资源很丰富。” 12、My cousin read a history book. _______. A、So John does B、So did John C、So does John D、So John did 【解题分析】正确答案：B此句为—般过去时，应用助动词did完成，故选B。 13、Only when one is away from home ____________ how nice home is. A、he realizes B、does he realizes C、does he realize D、he will realize 【解题分析】正确答案：C only用在句首修饰状语时句子倒装。 14、He is strict in everything and strict with everyone. __________. A、My father is always such B、My father is always so a strict man C、Such is my father D、So a strict man is my father 【解题分析】正确答案：C 当such作句子的表语，位于句首代替上文情况时，句子通常用倒装语序。 15、—You seem to like sweets. —________. A、So do I B、So I do C、So am I D、So I am 【解题分析】正确答案：B本题考查句型“So+主语+助动词”与“So+助动词+主语”的区别。—些考生对这两种结构混淆不清，以致误选：“So+主语+助动词”作“的确如此”解，是对上文所言之事的进—步肯定，本题译作“你好像喜欢吃糖”，“我就是这样”。故选B。而“So+助动词+(另—个)主语”作“…也是如此”解，表示上文所言同样适合另—个人或物，如：I like sweets, and so does Lucy. 我喜欢吃糖，露西也是如此。 16、Li Xin thinks Yao Ming is becoming the most famous basketball player in the world. _________.
英语省略与倒装 一:倒装语序的重点 英语的基本语序“主语+谓语”，这叫陈述句语序。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序叫做倒装语序。当谓语全部放在主语之前时，叫做全部倒装；当谓语的一部分(如助动词或情态动词)放在主语前面时，叫做部分倒装。以下几点是倒装的重点： (1) 句首为下列副词的句子 Here,There,Now,Out,In,Up,Down,Away,Off,Then, 不加助动词直接倒装. 例如：Here is a ticket for you.这里有你一张票。 Down came the bird.那只鸟飞了下来。 Up went the plane.那架飞机冲入云霄。 注意:但是如果主语是代词就不倒装。 例如：Here you are. There he comes. (2)在下列副词为首的句型中，形成部分倒装。 Only+副词、介词短语、状语从句或Often\,Many a time。 ①Only then did I realize the importance of English. ②Only in Beijing have I seen such a beautiful scenery. ③Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to come back to work. ④Often did we ask her not to be late for school ⑤Many a time has he helped us.他曾多次帮助过我们。 (3)用于前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物)的肯定句或否定句中： ①肯定重复倒装用：so 例如：They have all got up,and so has Jack他们都起来了，所以杰克也起来了。 ②否定重复倒装用：nor,neither,no more。 例如：If you don’t agree to our plan,neither will they. 如果你们不同意我们的计划，他们也不同意。 Tom can’t speak French.Nor(Neither)can Jack. 汤姆不会讲法语，杰克也不会讲。 (4)在下列以否定意义的副词、短语为首的句子或句型中，形成部分倒装： never, seldom ,at no time(决不)，(注意:in no time 不倒装) by no means(决不)，nowhere ,in no case(决不), little, under(in)no circumstances ,not only ,neither ,nor ,no sooner...than...,never before, not until, hardly (scarcely ,barely)...when...,not only...but also.... 例如：Never before have I seen such a wonderful park. 我从未看见过这样美丽的公园。 No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我刚出去，就下雨了。 (5)用于让步状语从句中(由某些连词连接的)：no matter how (who...),however,as。 例如：No matter how busy he is,he has to attend the meeting. 无论多忙，他都得去参加会议。 However cold it is,he always goes swimming.无论多冷他总去游泳。 Brave as they are,they are afraid of fight.他们虽然很勇敢，但害怕斗争。 (6)so …that 句型中, so放在句首,要用倒装:
倒装句难点：关于复合句和并列句的部分倒装所在的位置 掌握部分倒装并不难，从此再也不必为纠结到底是“前倒后不倒”或“后倒前不倒”而抓破头皮啦。 确定倒装位置紧抓两点：1 主句所在的位置需倒装 2 否定所在的句子需倒装 主从复合句中，主句需部分倒装，例： No sooner had I reached home than the phone began to ring. So fast did he walk that I couldn’t catch up with him. Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. 并列句中，否定所在的句子需部分倒装，例： Not only do I know her,but I am also her friend. Neither have I seen him recently, and nor have I heard from him.(两个并列分句中都有否定词，故两个分句都需进行部分倒装) 没有了传统的语法选择题，倒装句真的在高考中毫无价值吗？肯定不会毫无价值，反之倒装句一定可以在高考中为我们加分。即使语法填空不考倒装，我们也可以将倒装句运用在写作中，为我们的写作加分。 除了not only…but also…的倒装句我们还有其它选择吗？ 在实际的写作阅卷中，不难发现学生所用倒装句型中，使用频率最高的非not only…but also…莫属了。 Not only should we pay more attention to the balanced diets, but also we ought to regularly do exercises. 除了only in this can we…的倒装句我们还有其它选择吗？ 除了以上提及的not only…but also…句型，在写作阅卷中另一种常见的倒装句就是Only+状语/状语从句置前的倒装句。 Only in this way can we protect our environment. Only when we are faced with ever-increasing pollutions, would we place more emphasis on environment protection. 要想在写作中凭借倒装句为自己的文章增加亮点，以上两个句型未免有些捉襟见肘。如何升级我们的倒装句式，让我们的倒装句从屌丝型一跃为高富帅呢？如何能够让我们能得心应手地在任何语境下都能用上倒装句呢？
倒装句 1.全部倒装： 1)副词here, there, now, then ,in, out ,away, up , down, off, back, over等置于句首时，且主语是名词时。Here are some picture-books. Out rushed the boy, crying . 注意代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。A way he went . 2) 作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时。 Present at the meeting were some important figures. Sitting in front of the house was a little girl. Seated in front of the house was a little girl. Among the goods are Chinese trees, flowers, candles and toys. 3) 表地点的介词短语置于句首，全倒装. In front of the building stands a big tree . 2．部分倒装： 1)否定词置于句首，部分倒装。 a) never, hardly, seldom, little, few , nowhere等表否定或半否定意义的词置于句首时. Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery. b）常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。 ①Not only…but (also)… 并列两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，而后一个分句不倒装。 Not only does he like playing the piano, but also he likes playing football. ②Neither…nor… 引导两个并列分句时，两个分句都要倒装。 Neither does he like playing the piano, nor does he like playing football. ③Hardly( Scarcely /Barely)…when…和No sooner… than… ，意义为“一…就…”。 Hardly had he finished his work when he went out. No sooner had he finished his work than he went out . ④Not …until… 从句或短语在句首时，后面主句用部分倒装结构，而从句不倒装。 Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. 2) “So + 形容词/副词+ that ”和“Such +名词+ that”句型，意为“如此…以至于…”. 当So + 形容词/副词, Such +名词位于句首时，主句部分倒装，但从句不倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 3）当副词only+状语置于句首时，主句部分倒装。(注意：only +主语，则不用倒装) Only then did I realize the importance of study. （Only he knows it .） 4）so /neither/nor+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语“…也是如此/…也不这样”。 They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 注意：so + 主语+ 谓语“的确如此”It is hot today . ----So it is. 的确如此。 5）as 引导的让步状语从句中，通常把从句中的表语，状语甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。Y oung as he is, he knows much. Try as he might, he failed again. Beggar as he is, he looks very proud. Hard as he worked , he didn’t succeed . 注意：although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装；though 引导的可以倒装也可以不倒装。
文言常识——倒装句和省略句 名词定义：表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。在句子中用作动词的主语或宾语的词,或是在独立结构中表示名称的词,或是在联系动词后作表语用的词. 一、倒装句（宾语前置；状语后置；定语后置；主语后置） （一）、宾语前置 1、否定句中代词宾语前置 这类宾语前置，要具备两个条件：一是宾语必须是代词；二是必须是否定句，由“不”、“未”、“毋”、“莫”等否定词表示。在这种情况下，代词宾语要放在动词之前和否定词之后。例如： 《硕鼠》：“三岁贯汝，莫我肯顾。”“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”。 忌不自信《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉 然而不王者，未之有也。《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉 句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不（否）焉。（之，宾语提前的标志）《师说》 古之人不余欺也！《石钟山记》苏轼 不吾知其亦已兮，苟（只要）余情其信芳（美好）。《离骚》屈原 东望愁泣，若不自胜。《柳毅传》李朝威 见大王爱女牧羊于野，所（代词，“之人”）不忍视。《柳毅传》李朝威 是以后世无传焉，臣未之闻也。《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉 保民而王，莫之能御也。《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉 而良人未之知也。《齐人有一妻一妾》〈孟子〉 2、疑问句中代词宾语前置 文言文中用疑问代词“谁”、“何”、“奚”、“安”等做宾语时往往放在动词的前面。 例如：《鸿门宴》：“良问曰：…大王来何操？?”“何操”应理解为“操何” 吾孰与徐公美？《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉 3、介词宾语提前：在现代汉语中，介词后面跟着宾语，组成介宾结构，用来修饰动词谓语。在文言文中，介词宾语往往置与介词之前，形成一种倒置的现象。例如： 《岳阳楼记》：“臆！微斯人吾谁与归？”“谁与归”应理解为“与谁归”。 4、特殊结构：用"之"、"是"将宾语提前。 前世不同教，何古之法？(效法哪一个古代) 宋何罪之有？(宋国有什么罪过？) 惟命是听（成语） 5、普通宾语前置 在一般性的宾语前置中，大家要注意语感。
倒装和省略 1.Only after set free able to go on with his research work． A．he was；was he B．was he；was he C．was he；he was D．he was；he was 2.Nowhere else in the World cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong． A．a tourist can find B．can a tourist find C．a tourist will find D．a tourist has found 3.So 1oudly that even people in the street could hear him． A．he spoke B．did he speak C．he did speak D．spoke he 4.On the top of the hill where the old man once lived． A．a temple stands there B．a temple standing C．does a temple stand D．stands a temple 5.The soil is a part of the earth，is the atmosphere． A．that B．such C．so D．it 6.The door burst open and ，shouting with anger. A．in rushed the crowd B．rushed in the crowd C．the crowd in rushed D．in the crowed rushed 7. then he wouldn’t have made such a mistake． A．If he followed your advice B．Were he to follow your advice C．Had he followed your advice D．He had followed your advice 8.Jenny is a beautiful girl and she likes dancing very much，． A．so is Mary B．so does Mary C．so Mary does D．so it is with Mary 9.Not until over back to his lab． A．was the war；the scientist went B．the war was；went the scientist C．was the war；did the scientist go D．the war was；did the scientist go 10.—Listen，there ． — Oh，yes．There ． A．goes the bell；it goes B．goes the bell；goes it C．the bell goes；it goes D．the bell goes；goes it 11.Among the high-risk group of heart disease _____ people with a preference for fat-rich foods. A. there are B. are C. they are D. who are 12.Scarcely themselves in their seats in the theater the curtain went up. A. has they settled ;than B. did they settle; before C. had they settled ;when D. they had settled; while 13. a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work. A. It existed B. There existed C. They had D. There had 14.Were it not for friction, we to walk on this planet of our own. A. would not be able B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 15.Many a time me good advice. A. my teacher gave B. has given my teacher C. my teacher has given D. has my teacher given 16.－Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
高考特殊句式的用法 高考倒装的用法 1．定义 为了突出、强调等语言的目的而颠倒原有句子语序的句式，就叫作倒装句。 2．分类 可分为全倒装和半倒装。 3．全倒装的用法（不借助于be动词，助动词，情态动词，且主语为名词） ⑴表示方位的副词here,there,in,out,up,down,away,off,next或表示时间的now,then位于句首，且主语为名词时。 eg:Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn. Out ran all the students. 注：当主语为代词时，不用全倒装。 eg:Here you are. ⑵表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首时 eg:In the room sits a professor. Out of the classroom ran the students. ⑶adj、-ed分词、-ing分词、不定式或介词短语作表语位于句首时eg:Present at the meeting were President White and many other guests. Gone are the days when we could do what they liked to Chinese. 4．半倒装的用法 ⑴否定词(hardly,never,few,little,seldom,not,nothing,nowhere等)或否定短语(not only,not until,no sooner,no longer,by no means,in no time等)位于句首时。但only+主语结构不可用倒装。 ⑵only+副词(短语)/介词短语/状语从句，位于句首时。（注：“only+主语”位于句首时不倒装。） eg:Only in this way can you solve the problem. Only I can help you. ⑶so短语或such短语位于句首时 eg:So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. ⑷neither…nor…连接并列分句且位于句首时。但连接并列主语时，不可用倒装。 eg:Neither did I know him,nor I met him. ⑸neither，nor，no more位于句首时。 eg:------I didn’t agree with her. ------Neither did Mary.
倒装 英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。若谓语的部分或全部位于主语之前，这就构成了倒装结构。英语的倒装语序分为两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。 一、完全倒装：就是把全部谓语动词放在主语之前，主要用于以下几种情况。 1.在以here, there, now, then或out, in, up, down, below, above, away, over, off等副词开头的 句子里，表示强调或表达生动。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Out rushed the children. Now comes your turn. 但主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变 Here it is. Away he went. 2.直接引语的一部分或全部防于句首 “What does the word mean?” asked the boy. 若引述动词的主语为代词，一般不倒装。 “I don’t agree with you.” She said. 3.因句子主语较长或为了使上下文紧密衔接时 Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 4.为强调表语，把表语位于句首构成倒装结构：表语+ 系动词+ 主语 Gone are the days when women were looked down upon. Around the fire were over 30 students and their teacher. 5.句首为介词短语作状语时，用完全倒装使上下文紧密衔接或强调状语。 Across the river lies a newly-built bridge. 6.there be 结构中 A.there be + 主语+其他 There are desks and chairs in the room. B.there exist/ stand/ happen/ live/ come/ remain + 主语+ 其他 There lies a beautiful small town at the foot of the hill. There stands a tree. C.there used to / seems to/ appears to/ be going to + 主语 There used to be an old temple here. There is going to be a meeting. There are going to be two meetings. 7.such （作表语）开头的句型，译为“…就是如此” Such were the facts. 二、部分倒装：就是把部分谓语动词，即助动词或情态动词放在主语之前 1.only 后接副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时 Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 如果only修饰主语，不用倒装。 Only Mary was invited to the party. 2.在疑问句中，即一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中 Do you speak English? What do you like best?
专题十六倒装句和省略句 I、重点难点解析 倒转句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手：1）含有否定意味的词置于句首，部分倒装；2）only ＋状语/状语从句置于句首，部分倒装；3）so/such…that句型中，so＋形容词/副词提前，部分倒装；4）表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要完全倒装。 二特别提示 1. There be结构的倒装句型中，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。
例如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 2. here, there, now, then(只用过去式), up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时 不倒装。例如：Out he rushed. 3. 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装。但是主语为代词时不倒装。 “You had better stay at home,” she said. 4. So位于句首不倒装的情况：主语与前句相同，表赞同, 译为“确实如此”。 例句：---Mike studies hard. ---So he does. （确实是。) 比较: （---So do I .我也是。） 5. 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“So it is/was with sb/sth.”回答。 ---Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. ---So it is with his father. 省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫做省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表
二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之十六：如何使行文中出现倒装结构 在英语写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级，强调我们要传达的信息，给文章增色。涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。 1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 (2018?全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cultures. 只有来到中国，你才能体验中国的饮食文化。 2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及表示否定意义的介词短语如at no time, by no means 等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 Hardly/No sooner had we arrived at the activity center when/than we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest. 我们一到达活动中心就报名参加了健步走比赛。 3．在so/such ...that ...结构中，当so/such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 (2018?天津高考书面表达)So interested in the competition are some of my classmates and I that we have formed a group to take part in it.我和我的一些同学对比赛非常感兴趣，以至于我们组织