2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）
考试科目代码812 考试科目名称英语语法与翻译
I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered groups in the ANSWER SHEET (see the following model). There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points)
MODEL: 01-05: AAABC, 06-10: AAABC
11-15: AAABC, 16-20: AAABC
1. Traditionally, Samoan parents left speaking to children ______ their older siblings.
A. for
B. to
C. of
D. at
2. My beliefs about the varieties of language from which I may choose, based on my perceptions of their use and users, ______ account for my management decisions:
A. help
B. helps
C. helped
D. helping
3. The foes were ambushed on the way of withdrawal, namely, they ______.
A. got beat
B. got beaten
C. get beaten
D. get beat
4. Don’t worry about the seats. T here are ______ chairs in the room.
A. both
B. a large amount of
C. plenty of
D. a great deal of
5. “In a study of immigrant former Soviet families in Israel, Kopeliovich (2006) found that some children appear to be more susceptible to internal influence and others to external: the one family in which she found strong Russian maintenance had only two children.” ______ is the subject (or doer) of the verb “had” underlined.
A. Kopeliovich
B. maintenance
C. Russian
D. family
6. In the garden near the river, tourists are attracted by the hives surrounded by a ______ of bees.
A. swarm
B. shoal
C. herd
D. flock
7. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes.
A. sinking
B. sunken
C. sunk
D. sink
8. Literacy of course permitted scattered Jewish traders to keep contact with their partners and families. Which of the following is the predicate of the sentence?
A. permitted scattered
B. scattered
C. permitted
D. keep
9. The exploration of the religious domain has shown the existence of pressure for language policy and ______ specific management policies applied by major religions.
A. in
B. for
C. at
D. of
10. The cadets spent ______ their time working out the issue.
A. half
B. most
C. more
D. both
11. Thirdly, religious institutions, each with its own internal policy structure -- rabbis, priests, and imams passing on beliefs and practices to congregants -- constitute an important external factor adding to the pressures on its members and on their families. What is the predicate verb in this sentence?
A. passing
B. structure
C. constitute
D. adding
12. In vain _____ to get in touch with the Embassy.
A. did they try
B. tried they
C. they tried
D. they have tried
13. We ______recommend the book as a reference book for the freshmen.
A. pretty
B. highly
C. high
D. prettily
14. For educational systems, the decision on additional languages may be set at the top or left to individual schools. The word “left” is ______
A. a noun
B. an adjective
C. a verb(past participle)
D. a verb(past tense)
15. You ______all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. can not have done
B. must not have done
C. shouldn’t have done
D. needn’t have done
16. Computers can be so many complex things, which _______ considered miraculous in the past.
A. can be
B. have been
C. would have been
D. had been
17. The international flight was cancelled because of the flu epidemic. The underlined word means ______.
A. call off
B. call up
C. call for
D. call on
18. The teaching of _______ is clearly labeled as a foreign language varies considerably.
A. how
B. what
C. as
D. when
19. The general practice in systems where all the words uttered in court are recorded and transcribed to form a record that might be consulted on appeal to a higher court is that anything in another language must be translated into the official language, the resulting translation (right or wrong) constituting the official record. Which is the predicate verb of the main sentence？
A. are recorded and transcribed
B. might be consulted
C. is
D. must be translated
20. Over time, the greater complexity of language engineering (another term tried by some) was recognized, so that it would have to include “a broad range of different sociolinguistic situations at different levels of enlargement (from nation to firm), of a broad range of different interests and population groups (from women to refugees), under widely different communicative circumstances (of media, channels, information processing), and foremost, of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions.” In this sentence, ______ are in the parallel in grammar？
A. of different sociolinguistic situations; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the
different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions
B. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; under widely different communicative circumstances; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions
C. of different sociolinguistic situations: of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions
D. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions
21. It’s rather hard to draw a _______ line between the two things.
A. clean-cut
B. clear-cutting
C. clean-cutting
D. clear-cut
22. I did not turn up in the party the day before yesterday, because I ______ forgot it.
A. clean
B. clearly
C. cleanly
D. clear
23. ______, I’ll have a try.
A. To sink or to swim
B. Sink or swim
C. To sink or swim
D. Sinking or swimming
24. The Justice Minister of South Africa expressed regret that the law courts continued to be run in English and Afrikaans and supported the ANC position that the policy must be changed. Which two words are in parallel in grammar？
A．continued and supported B. expressed and supported
C．expressed and changed D. continued and changed
25. He knows little of physics, and ______ of math.
A. even more
B. still less
C. no less
D. still more
26. There is no man ______ errs.
A. who
B. which
C. but
D. that
27. In ______ are called maintenance programs, the endpoint will still maintain some time for the home language, perhaps once a day for enrichment or one or two subjects still taught in the home language.
A. while
B. that
C. what
D. when
28. As long as there is a ______ of hope for the success, we will make 100% efforts to prepare.
A. fit
B. flight
C. bundle
D. flash
29. Let’s ______ we have a million US dollars.
A. make believe
B. take believe
C. feel like
D. let drop
30. There ______ out to be in many situations in which organizations (and nations too for that matter) would benefit from a language policy, but do not see it as of high enough priority to develop one.
A. turning
B. turns
C. turned
D. turn
31. He did it in ______ time it took me.
A. the one-third
B. half a
C. the double
D. one-third the
32. Who lives in the ______ house?
A. new big classical-style
B. classical-style new big
C. new classical-style big
D. big new classical style
33. Confounding the issue are the two opposed views brought to language policy questions: the belief that the main goal of language policy is linguistic convergence in order to build national unity and social cohesion, and the contrasting belief that the main goal of language policy must be to maintain linguistic diversity. The subject of the sentence is ______.
A. confounding the issue
B. the issue
C. the belief…and the contrasting belief
D. views
34. She made a point ______ coming late so that everyone would look at her.
A. for
B. of
C. in
D. with
35. As a general rule, schools teach the literary or written standard form of a language. Under the influence of language teaching ideologies like the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approach, they may add the spoken language, but usually as a small part of the curriculum. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______.
A. ideologies
B. the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approach
C. schools
D. Some people afore-mentioned
36. The post office is only ______ away.
A. a stone’s throw
B. stone’s throw
C. stone throw
D. a stone throw
37. ______ income tax, rates, and the cost of repairs to the house, Mr. Corder has saved very little this year.
A. Thanks to
B. What with
C. Along with
D. Except for
38. I was afraid of the tent ______ down during the night.
A. being fallen
B. fallen
C. falling
D. fell
39. ______ rain, the football match will be postponed.
A. In the consequence of
B. In defiance of
C. In danger of
D. In the event of
40. In this section, I propose to look at some cases of community language activism similar to those that have been described but more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement towards autonomy an d eventual independence. In this complex sentence, the phrase “some cases of community language activism” is modified by ______?
A. none
B. “similar to those that have been described”
C. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case”
D. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement to wards autonomy and eventual independence”
41. We came to Sichuang Province with an eye to visiting the _______ area.
A. poverty-striking
B. poverty-stricken
C. poor-striking
D. poor-stricken
42. Many a student at this university contemplated ______ to the West of China after graduation.
A. to go
B. go
C. going
D. gone
43. The trainer has his students _______ a lot of warming-up exercises each time.
A. done
B. to do
C. doing
D. do
44. “As time went on, the Palestine Jewish community took on more of the characteristics of a resistance movement, especially after the publication by the British government of the White Paper threatening to close down Jewish emigration to Palestine just at the time that the Nazi destruction of the European Jewish communities was getting under way.” Which is “the White Paper” used to modify?
A. resistance movement
B. Jewish community
C. British government
D. publication
45. To teach students English is my ______ duty.
A. bound
B. binding
C. binded
D. bounden
46. He’s dealt _______ and square with me.
A. fair
B. fairly
B. firm D. firmly
47. Earlier scholarship dealing with what Nekvapil (2006) thinks can still be labeled language planning was generally confined to the activities of the governments of independent nation-states. _______ is the predicate verb(s) in the sentence?
A. dealing with
B. thinks
C. can be labeled
D. was confined
48. _______he uttered the words there was a dead silence.
A. Directly
B. Clearly
C. Rightly
D. Ferociously
49. Our working assumption in the following will be that local governments will undertake language management to deal with local internal problems – if there is multilingualism, they must establish official or working languages for internal use and for providing services for citizens. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______?
A. problems
B. somebody else
C. local governments
D. citizens
50. The lady standing at the corner was a little of ______, I suppose.
A. the coquette
B. coquette
C. a coquette
D. coquettes
51. Fishman similarly shows how the contemporary status of Yiddish has been buoyed by the addition of sacred ______ political arguments.
A. beyond
B. beneath
C. over
D. to
52. ______ irritation occur, discontinue use immediately.
A. Would
B. Might
C. Could
D. Should
53. We have never known him ______ his temper before.
A. to lose
B. lose
C. to losing
D. losing
54. Concerns about the falling standard of English (and the resultant lack of competitiveness), the unemployment rate of the ethnic Malays who are largely monolingual and the continued segregation of the races prompted the then Minister of Education, Musa Mohamed, ______ that beginning from January 2003 a Malay-English mixed-medium education would be implemented in national schools.
A. declaring
B. to declare
C. declare
D. having declared
55. I’d rather you ______ to the library now.
A. go
B. went
C. had gone
D. have gone
56. After my speech, I heard a ______ of cough from the corner of the auditorium.
A. display
B. peal
C. fit
D. slice
57. “Efforts to strengthen human rights include providing access to government services for linguistic minorities and education in Kazakh and other minority languages. ” This sentence pattern belongs to _______.
A. SVOC
B. SVOA
C. SVO
D. SVC
58. Being lost in the woods, Thomson was at his ______.
A. wit’s end
B. wits’ ends
C. wits’ end
D. wit’s ends
59. Mr. Lambert, _____we have made rapid progress in physics, is one of the best teachers in our school.
A. whose help
B. of whom
C. with whose help
D. with who
60. This revealed two generalizations that serve to correct linguicentrism, the tendency to assume language is central. What is the relationship between “linguicentrism” and “tendency” in the sentence?
A. no relation
B. attributive
C. apposition
D. adverbial?
61. The woman with strong ambition was finally unsuccessful, ______?
A. was the woman
B. wasn’t the woman
C. was she
D. wasn’t she
62. He is about to take the floor ______ language management, which is holding the attention of many experts in the world.
A. esteeming
B. evading
C. retarding
D. respecting
63. People hate ______ queues everywhere.
A. there to be
B. there being
C. there be
D. there is
64. Finally, we sketched language services (translation and interpreting), the rapid recent expansion of which attests the slowness with which other more permanent language management activities achieve worthwhile results. The underlined word “which” refers to ______.
A. language services
B. slowness
C. language management activities
D. expansion
65. I ______ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so due to the fact that was very late.
A. had meant
B. meant
C. have meant
D. mean
66. He is ______ than his brother.
A. more sportsman
B. more of a sportsman
C. more sportsman enough
D. more enough of a sportsman
67. “A language community as Hockett (1958) for instance used the term might be the English-speaking world, the complexity of which we realize since Kachru (1986) identified the many varieties which constitute World English, or the Francophone world (although francophonie is more a political than a linguistic concept), or at the other extreme, the last remaining speakers of a dying language.” ______ are in the parallel in grammar in this above sentence？
A. the English-speaking world; the complexity; the Francophone world and at the other extreme
B. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and at the other extreme
C. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying language
D. World English; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying language
68. Law and order ______ different things to people with different political opinions.
A. meant
B. means
C. mean
D. have meant
69. He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good student for ______.
A. all this
B. all those
C. all that
D. all these
70. The criminal even threatened ______ the president.
A. murdering
B. to murder
C. to murdering
D. murder
II.Point out the sentence types of the following, and then enlarge and complicate these sentences without changing their sentence types, and finally underline the original sentence elements. There are five sentences in all, each of which is worth four points. (20 points) Eg. The governments shall take measures. →
SVO: For the sake of popularizing Putonghua and the standardized Chinese characters, the governments at various levels and the relevant departments under them shall take measures.
1. The survival of a forest depends on rainfall.
2. The deed tarnished his reputation.
3. Any effort would require the applicant to prepare.
4. Immigrant advocates say the Deferred Action has worked well.
5. A school is a school.
III. Translate from Chinese to English. (30 points)
我冒了严寒，回到相隔二千余里，别了二十余年的故乡去。
时候既然是深冬；渐近故乡时，天气又阴晦了，冷风吹进船舱中，呜呜的响，从缝隙向外一望，苍黄的天底下，远近横着几个萧索的荒村，没有一些活气。我的心禁不住悲凉
起来了。
阿，这不是我二十年来时时记得的故乡？
我所记得的故乡全不如此。我的故乡好得多了。但要我记起他的美丽，说起他的佳处来，却又没有影像，没有言辞了。仿佛也就如此。于是我自己解释说：故乡本也如此，——虽然没有进步，也未必有如我所感的悲凉，这只是我自己心情的改变罢了，因为我这次回乡，本没有什么好心绪。
IV. Translate from English to Chinese. (30 points)
The teaching of what is clearly labeled as a foreign language varies considerably. A first question is the choice of a variety or language. In much of the world, English is now the first foreign language, although in Asia there is pressure for Chinese, in countries with Romance languages pressure for Spanish or French, and in the former Soviet Union some inertia for Russian. The main forces here may be historical (former colonial status) or geographic (major regional languages) or increasingly economic (major trading partner). Here again, various participants may have different beliefs or values. Strongly nationalist central governments are likely to stress the historical; parents are likely to be more influenced by their beliefs about the value of a language in getting a job or making economic progress; educational establishments are likely to defend the existing pattern, with its easily available materials and methods and teachers.
It is taking major efforts to replace traditional teaching of French in English-speaking countries by more relevant teaching of other European or Oriental or Middle Eastern languages. Lambert commented on the traditional patterns in English speaking countries: “In Britain and Ire land, the choice is overwhelmingly French, although Ireland in particular is trying to expand the study of German, and Australia is doing the same with the languages of the region they inhabit, Asia.”
2014年文言文实词、虚词、断句及翻译 一、新课标1 4．对下列句子中加点的词语的解释，不正确的一项是(3分) A．自幼好学，善属文属文：撰写文章 B．值禄山构难，肃宗践祚践祚：帝王即位 C．肃宗自凤翔还京，励精听受励精：专心致志 D．时中原荡覆，典章殆尽荡覆：动荡倾覆 7．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分) (1)禹、汤罪己，其兴也勃焉。有德之君，不忘规过，臣不胜大庆。 (2)而亲贤下士，推毂后进，虽位崇年高，曾无倦色。 二、新课标2 4．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是（3分） A．以其羡易粟万石，备振．贷振：救济 B．救荒如救焚，有罪，吾自当．之当：承担 C．至临．大事，刚断无所挠临：面对 D．核所积金银，著．之籍著：彰显 7．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分） （1）淳安公主赐田三百顷，复欲夺任丘民业，（韩）文力争乃止。 （2）（韩文）即偕诸大臣伏阙上书，疏入，帝惊泣不食，瑾等大惧。 三、大纲卷 8．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是 A．罢仁寿令，豪纵，数犯法数：屡次 B．交通贵戚，吏莫敢绳绳：制裁 C．凑按治，杖杀之，选近称伏伏：认罪 D．忤宗楚客，出为贝州刺史忤：触犯 11.(1)食厚禄，死不敢顾，况圣世必无死乎? (2)近时职轻，故用卿以重此官，其毋辞！ 四、安徽（节选自姚鼐《朱竹君先生别传》） 4．对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（3分） A．复奏请采录《永乐大典》逸书逸：散失B．奏请仿汉熙平、唐开成故事故事：先例 C．未遇时皆在先生幕府遇：得志D．劝人为学先识字，语意殷勤殷勤：周到 5．下列各组句子中，加粗的词的意义和用法相同的一组是（3分） A．乃不敢引疾臣乃敢上壁 B．御制诗以纪其事日削月割，以趋于亡 C．四海好学能文者非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者 D．去而人爱思之临清流而赋诗 7．把原文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。 （1）先生以为经学本于文字训诂，刊布许氏《说文》于安徽以教士。 （2）既资深望重，则大言翰林以读书立品为职，不能趋谒势要。 （3）其文才气奇横，于义理事物情态无不包，所欲言者无不尽。 五、北京（取材于《欧阳文忠公集·偃虹堤记》） 8．用斜线（／）给下面文言文画波浪线的部分断句（5分） 夫虑熟谋审力不劳而功倍作事可以为后法一宜书不苟一时之誉思为利于无穷而告来者不以废二宜书岳之民人与湖中之往来者皆欲为滕侯纪三宜书以三宜书不可以不书， 9．下列语句中，加点词语的解释不正确 ．．．的一项是（3分） A．愿．有所记愿：希望B．覆溺之虞．虞：料想 C．使．堤土石幸久不朽使：假如D．常．显用之常：曾经 10．下列对文中语句的理解，不符合文意的一项是（3分） A．予发书按图我打开书信并查看洞庭之图 B．问其所以作之利害问滕侯的建堤动机和修建的利弊 C．皆不能易吾侯之议也（各级官员）都不能轻视滕侯的具体策划 D．此滕侯之所以虑，而欲有纪于后也这就是滕侯思虑并想记录下来传告后世的 六、湖北（选自《宋学士全集之<宋濂·吴德基传>》，有删改） 9．对下列语句中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是（3分） A．若．无罪，还告父兄无恐若：你们B．脱．道中牛死脱：逃离 C．愿得只履事．之事：供奉D．君子多．其能受善言云多：称赞
短文翻译集锦 1. 中秋习俗 在中国月饼是一种特殊的食品，广受海内外华人的欢迎。中秋节吃月饼就好比圣诞节吃馅饼(mince pies)。为了庆祝中秋节，中国人通常做两件事：一是观赏满月。二是品尝美味的月饼。中秋节是每年农历八月十五日。据说，这一天的月亮是一年中最圆的。而月亮正是庆贺中秋的全部主题。在中国人眼中，月饼象征着全家人的大团圆。 参考译文： Moon cakes are a special kind of food in China. They are very popular with the Chinese at home and abroad. Moon cakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are to Christmas. To celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese usually do two things: enjoy the full moon and eat delicious moon cakes. Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest. And the moon is what this celebration is all about. In the eyes of the Chinese people, a moon cake symbolizes the reunion of all family members. 2.传统艺术 皮影戏又称“影子戏”。它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷，被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。 参考译文 The shadow puppet play, also known as ‘shadow play’, is one of China’s famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating human figures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience. They call the art form Chinese shadow play. 3.社交饥渴 手机，是一项伟大的发明。但很显然，手机也刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条公告：请与会者关闭手机。可是，会议室里手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少特别重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征着我们与这个世界的联系。显然，手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。(thirst for socialization) 参考译文 The cell phone is a great invention. But obviously, It has altered the relationship among people. There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your hand-set.” However, phones ring now and then when the meeting goes on. We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with. Never the less, we will not switch off our
文言文翻译六字诀 １．直:即将文言中的单音节词直接译成以该词为语素的现代汉语的双音节或多音节词。 例如： 原句：更若役，复若赋，则如何？（《捕蛇者说》） 译句：更换你的差事，恢复你的赋税，那怎么样呢？ 原句中的“更”、“役”、“赋”可分别译为“更换”、“差事”、“赋税”。 ２．留:即保留原文中的专有名词、国号、年号、人名、地名、官名、职称、器具名称等，可照录不翻译。 例如： 原句：庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。（《岳阳楼记》） 译句：庆历四年春天，滕子京降职到巴陵郡做郡守。 原句中的“庆历”、“滕子京”、“巴陵郡”等年号、人名、地名均可保留不译。 ３．删:即删去不译的词。凡是古汉语中的发语词、判断词、在句子结构上起标志作用的助词、凑足音节的助词等，在现代汉语中没有词能替代，便可删去。 例如： 原句：夫战，勇气也。（《曹刿论战》） 译句：打仗，是靠勇气的。“夫”为发语词，没有实在意义，翻译时删去。 原句：医之好治不病以为功。（《扁鹊见蔡桓公》） 译句：医生喜欢给没有病的人治病，好拿来夸耀自己的功劳?选 以上两例加点的“之”与“而”，只起语助和连接的作用，无实在意义，应不译。 ４．补:即将文言文中省略的词语、句子成分，在译文中适当地补充出来。
例如： 原句：见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之，便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。（《桃花源记》） 译句：（桃源中人）一见渔人，大为惊奇，问他是从哪里来的，（渔人）一一作了回答。（桃源中有的人）便把（渔人）请到家里，摆酒杀鸡做饭，殷勤款待（渔人）。 ５．调:即对文言文中不同于现代汉语句式的特殊句式，翻译时要进行必要的调整，使译文完全符合现代汉语的表达习惯。这种方法在古文翻译中用得最多，中考几乎年年考到。 例如： 甚矣，汝之不惠。（《愚公移山》） 翻译时应调整为“汝之不惠甚矣”，即“你太不聪明了。” 又如：孔子云：何陋之有？（《陋室铭》） “何陋之有”翻译时应调整为“有何陋”，即“有什么简陋呢？” ６．换:即对古今意义相同，但说法不同的词语，翻译时都要换成现在通俗的词语，使译文通达明快。 例如： 齐师伐我。（《曹刿论战》） 这句中的“师”要换成“军队”；“伐”，要换成“攻打”。全句译为：“齐国的军队攻打我们鲁国”。 又如：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之。（《出师表》） 这句中的“愚”，要换成“我”；“悉”，要换成“都”；“咨”，要换成“商量”。
第一章 考研翻译基础知识 一翻译的定义 二翻译的标准和翻译的方法 三翻译的基本过程 四考研翻译的核心解题策略 第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法 一词义选择和词义引申 二词性转换 三增词法 四省略法 第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法 一名词性从句的翻译 二定语从句的翻译 三状语从句的翻译 四被动结构的翻译 第一讲翻译的定义 翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。 考研翻译简介 （一）考研翻译考查内容和形式 根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。如： （二）考研翻译的评分标准 根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下： 5个小题，每题2分，共10分。 ·如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。 ·如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。 ·中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。 （三）考研翻译今年考题特点和内容 根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。 首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。其体裁基本上是议论文。如： 1990年：人的性格和行为分析 1991年：能源与农业
A storm forces a plane to make an emergency landing on a deserted island.一个风暴迫使一架飞机紧急降落在一个荒无人烟的小岛上。 After I finished high school,I just wasn't ready to go on to college.当我中学毕业后，我只是没有准备好继续上大学。Although some people find reasons to justify plagiarism, others feel the issue is clear-cut尽管有些人找理由去证明抄袭是合理的，另一些人觉得问题是明显的。 Although the film may seem exaggerated to some, that’s not how most filmgoers feel.虽然影片看似夸张一些，这不是大多数影迷的感觉。And,what's worse,most people have resigned themselves wo a life of forgetting.并且更糟糕的是，大多数人顺从于健忘的生活。 Because it is based in Bombay(Mumbai), it is popularly called Bollywood-from the words Bombay and Hollywood.因为它是建立在孟买，通常叫它从词孟买和好莱坞合成来的宝莱坞。 Cirque du Soleil is an amazing circus show that pairs incredible feats of strength and balance with dazzling costumes and sets.太阳马戏团的演出是精彩的马戏团表演，演出节目把难以置信的各种力量的特技组合在一起并且令人眼花缭乱的演出服装和场景平衡在一起。 Heroes drive around in flashy cars, actresses twirl around in beautiful costumes, and the poor boy always triumphs against the rich villain.英雄人物开着浮华的车跑来跑去，女演员穿着漂亮的服装转来转去，那个贫穷可怜的男孩总是战胜富有的恶棍。If you keep telling yourself that your memory is bad,your mind will come to believe it and you won't remember things.如果你坚持对自己说你的记忆 力差，你的思想会开始相信它，你也将 会开始它，然后你就不会记住东西了。 In fact ,in 1945,the United Nations was founded to help countries resolve disputes peacefully.事实上，在1945年， 联合国被成立帮助和平解决争端。 In that country,feet are considered unclean,and Muslims felt the company was insulting God's name by having people walk on it.在那个国家，脚被认 为是不干净的，穆斯林人感觉公司在通 过让人们走在上帝的名字上面进行侮 辱。 Late one night in 1880,a group of miners were headed back to their camp after a good time in town.在1880年的 一个深夜，在小镇的好时光过去后，一 队矿工朝着他们的露营地靠近。 Now I sort of resent that I couldn't go. Sometimes I think that if I'd been a little more selfish,I could have done both.现 在我有点愤怒我没有去。有时我想如果 当时我更自私一点，我就可以把两件事 都做了。 Once,however,it was prisperous mining town where thousands came with dreams of finding silver and making their fortune.然而曾经，那是一个繁荣的采 矿小镇，成千的人带着找到白银和发家 致富的梦想来到这里。 Run by local youth(most of the program’s tutors are teenagers, while many students are adults.)由当地青年组 织的沟通和理解（项目的大部分教师是 青少年，而很多学生都是成年人。） She had predicted that she would win tournaments during her first year in major competitions.她预言在她第一年 的大赛当中，她会赢得冠军。 Some people claim that copying is necessary to do well in school. They have realized that their own words are not as someone else’s.有些人认为抄袭 是在学校取得好成绩的必要条件。他们 已经意识到自己的话是不如别人的。 Technologically,the greates contributor to the global village is the microchip-an electronic circuit on a tiny chip.从科技 角度来说，地球村最伟大的成果是微型 芯片，即很小的一个芯片上的电子电 路。 The campaign was so successful in the United States，Pepsi translated its slogan literally for its international capaign.活 动在美国办得很成功，百事为全球性的 广告活动，逐字翻译了它的广告语。 The Cold War finally ended and the political climate changed between 1989and1991,when the governments of the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries collapsed.冷战最后 结束了，政治气候在1989至1991年间， 在苏联和东欧政府垮台后转变了。 The institute allows visitors from around the country to live with a local host family and attend classes.学院允许 来自全国各地的游客与当地的家庭生 活和上课。 The lights might have been reflectins of lights from the town,but Silver Cliff's lights seemed too dim to have this effect. 这光束可能是来自城镇里光的反射，但 是银牙城的光好像太暗能有这样的效 果。 The simplest form of plagiarism occurs when someone copies material without giving credit to the source.最简单形式 的剽窃发生在有人复制材料没有给予 材料的来源。 These eerie lights seemed to be dancing on the graves,disappearing and then appearing again.这些可怕的光好像是 在坟墓上跳舞，消失了又再次出现。 These people believe that students who plagiarize benefit unfairly.这些人认为， 学生通过抄袭取得成绩是不公平的。 This is a lesson that some large American corporation have learned the hard way.这是一个教训，一些大的美国 公司经过艰难困苦才学到的。 Through television programs transmitted by satellite,we are exposed to many cultures.通过卫星转播的电视 节目，我们面临着许多文化冲突。 To improve your memory,you'll need to take an active role.Like your body ,your memory can be strengthened through exercise.为提高你的记忆力，你需要扮 演一个积极行动的角色。爱惜你的身 体，你的记忆力可以通过锻炼加强。 Today，the town of Silver Cliff， Colorado，has a population of only 100 people.目前，科罗拉多州银牙城拥有仅 仅100个人口。 When General Motors introduced its Chevy Nova into Latin America,it overlooked the fact that No va in Spanish means"It doesn't go."当通用汽 车向拉丁美洲人介绍他们的雪佛莱汽 车时，却忽略了No va用西班牙语意思 是“不能走”的实事。 You may also want to make associatins ,or links,between what you're trying to remember and things you already know.你也会想要建立你尝试 记住的事情和你已经记住的事情之间 的联系。
文言翻译专项训练 一、（年江苏卷） 、初，明帝在东宫，丰在文学中. 及即尊位，得吴降人，问：“江东闻中国名士为谁？”降人云：“闻有李安国者.”是时丰为黄门郎，明帝问左右安国所在，左右以丰对. 帝曰：“丰名乃被于吴越邪？”后转骑都尉、给事中. 译文：当初，魏明帝做太子时，李丰在文学中.等到魏明帝即位后，抓获一位东吴投降地人，魏明帝问他：“你在江东听说中原地带地名士是谁？”那位投降地人说：“听说有个李安国地人.”这时李丰为黄门郎，魏明帝问左右臣子“安国”在哪里，左右臣子用“李丰”来回答.魏明帝说：“李丰地名气竟然遍及吴趆一带了？”后来转任骑都尉、给事中等职务. 、初，丰子韬以选尚公主，丰虽外辞之，内不甚惮也. 译文：当初，李丰地儿子李韬被选中娶公主为妻，李丰虽然表面上推辞，而内心不怎么害怕. 、至嘉平四年宣王终后，中书令缺，大将军谘问朝臣：“谁可补者？”或指向丰. 译文：等到嘉平四年司马宣王死后，中书令一职空缺，大将军征询朝臣意见：“合适补任地人为谁？”有人指向李丰. 二、（年江苏卷） 、未几，移凤州司法.王蒙正为凤州，以章献太后姻家，怙势骄横.知公（苏涣）之贤，屈意礼之，以郡委公.公虽以职事之，而鄙其为人.蒙正尝荐公于朝，复以书抵要官，论公可用.公喻郡邸吏，屏其奏而藏其私书.未几，蒙正败，士以此多公. 译文：（王蒙正）知道您贤能，违背自己地意愿（或降低自己骄横地态度）拿礼节对待您，并把全郡地治事交付给您. 标准【答案】（王蒙正）了解苏涣地贤能，降低身份以礼相待，把郡里地事务托付给他. 【解析】注意关键点：“屈意”“礼”“委”. 、君（苏涣）以一县令能此，贤于言事官远矣！ 译文：您凭借一个县令就能做到这样，远远比言事官（也可译为“谏官”或“只说不做地官员”）贤能啊！ 标准【答案】你作为一个县令能够这样，比言事地官员好多了. 【解析】注意关键点：“以”“此”“于”. 、尔曹才不逮人，姑亦师吾（苏涣）之寡过焉可也. 译文：你们地才能比不上别人，姑且效仿（或译为“学习”）我很少过错，也是可以地. 标准【答案】你们才能赶不上别人，姑且学习我少犯错误就可以了. 【解析】注意关键点：“不逮”“姑”“师”“也”. 三、（年江苏卷） 、巫觋岁敛民财祭鬼，谓之春斋，否则有火灾.公（陈公弼）禁之，民不敢犯，火亦不作.毁淫祠数百区，勒巫为农者七十余家.jLBHr。 、盗起，知房州.州素无兵备，民凛凛欲亡去.公（陈公弼）以牢城卒杂山河户得数百人，日夜部勒，声振山南.民恃以安，盗不敢入境.而殿侍雷甲以兵百余人，逐盗至竹山，甲不能戢士，所至为暴.或告有大盗入境且及门，公自勒兵阻水拒之.身居前行，命士持满无得发.xHAQX。 、一日，有窃入府舍将为不利者.公（陈公弼）笑曰：“此必醉耳.”贷而流之，尽以其余给左右使令，且以守仓库.LDAYt。
翻硕14年英语翻译基础真题 第一部分短语翻译 英译汉部分(1*15=15’) CA TTI GRE GDP play of words Kumara Jiva semantic translation cultural untranslatability descriptive translation studies idiomatic expressions in English ideological conflict interpreter's booth negative transfer of culture over-loaded translation Robinson Crusoe Gone with the Wind 汉译英部分(1*15=15’) 兵马俑 高等专业人才 高等师范教育 研究生资格考试 形似 端午节 忠、顺 信达雅 文化偏见 黑话 形式与内容的统一 英汉翻译内在规律 《英译汉入门须知》 《词义剖析与词典编纂》 官方语言 第二部分文章翻译 英译汉(60’) A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personalexperience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickel's worth of merchandise,I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another's
wife, I amfree.” This is a prevalent misconception in many people'sminds---that love, like merchandise, can be “stolen”。Numerous states, in fact,have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections”。 But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought,sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, achange in the climate of the personality. When a husband or wife is “stolen” by another person, thathusband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposedtoward a new partner. The “love bandit” was only taking what was waiting to betaken, what wanted to be taken. We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of thechildren “belonging” to their parents. But nobody “belongs” to anyone else. Eachperson belongs to himself, and to God. Chil dren are entrusted to their parents,and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right toremove them from their parents' trusteeship. Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheartbeing taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At thetime, we may have resented this intruder---but as we grew older, we recognizedthat the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruderthat “caused” the break, but the lack of a real relationship. On the s urface, many marriages seem to break up because of a“third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. Theother woman orthe other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving or a marriage that hadalready lost its essential integrity. Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than thebitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “comebetween” oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, forpeople are not the captives or victims of others---they are free agents,working out their own destinies for good or for ill. But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe thathis beloved has freely turned away from him--- and so he ascribes sinister ormagical properties to the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or ahome-breaker. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken,the breaking has begun long before any “third party” has appeared on the scene. 关于凯程： 凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。 凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯 凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里 信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿 使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构 激情：永不言弃，乐观向上 敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业 平衡：找到工作、生活、家庭的平衡点 服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学
2014年北京卷完形填空真题精解及参考译文 【文章大意】本文讲述的是“我”帮助一个叫Suzy Khan的女孩逐渐融入新学校生活的故事。[语篇解读】本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。文章讲述了“我”如何帮助小女孩儿Suzy 找到自信、努力适应周围环境的故事。 36．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适动词的能力。【答案】A【解析】根据下文男孩们的另一个动作laughed their heads off，和Suzy Khan的反应pretending to read，with tears dropping…，可以看出此处填joke开玩笑；其他选项care关心；forget忘记；worry担心，不符题意。36．A 根据空格后的laughed their heads off可知男孩子们经常取笑Suzy，故选择A项。care关心；forget忘记；worry担忧，均不符合句意。 37．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适动词的能力。【答案】B【解析】report(以口头或书面形式)报告或报道(新闻、所见等)；decide考虑后做出决定；complain投诉，抱怨；question 问(某人)问题。Suzy Khan是个来自非洲的孤儿，收养她的家庭考虑后决定，对于她来说，了解美国生活方式的最好办法是和美国的孩子们待在一起。因此选decide。37．B句意：她刚被镇里的一户人家收养，他们认定让她了解美国人的生活方式的最好方法就是让她和美国的孩子们在一起。根据句意可知本题选择B项。report报道；complain抱怨；question提问，均不符合句意。 38．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适形容词的能力。【答案】C【解析】rich富有的，昂贵的；proud自豪的，得意的；tiny微小的，极小的；popular流行的，受欢迎的。根据上文她是来自非洲的孤儿，被人收养，以及I 1ook down at可以看出这是一个瘦小的姑娘．惹人爱怜，所以才有下文我决心要帮助她。38．C根据第一段第二句话“She was really small for her age of 12．”可知本题选择C项。rich富有的；proud骄傲的；popular受欢迎的，均不符合句意。 39．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适动词的能力。【答案】C【解析】come in进来，流行起来；fall in塌陷，倒塌：fit in适应，适合：tie in与……相配或相符。根据文章的题目“The Fitting-in of Suzy Khan”和下文作者帮助她的行为，以及最终被同学接受的结果可以看出，此处是我要帮她适应，融人我们。39．C文章的标题为“The Fitting-in of Suzy Khan”，另外从上文也可得知Suzy不适应学校的生活，因此选择C项。 40．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适名词的能力。【答案】D【解析】manner方式，规矩；pattern模式，图案；choice选择，选择权；way方法，道路，习惯；根据上下文可以看出，我要想帮助这个小姑娘融入进来，需要想一个办法才行。40．D根据上下文可知“我”得想办法来帮助Suzy，故本题答案为D项。manner方式，方法(特指一件事情以何种方式发生的)；pattern样式；choice选择，均不符合句意。 41．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适动词的能力。【答案】C【解析】read阅读，读懂；take拿，取；open公开，打开；put放，安置。当我走进教室，看到suzy Khan已经把地理书打开，有一个火车的图片。41．C我看见Suzy打开她的地理书……。另外文章第一段的最后一句也提到“she would open a book…”，故本题选择C项。 42．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适形容词的能力。【答案】B【解析】free免费的，自由的，不受约束的；perfect完美的，最好的；final最终的，决定性的；extra额外的，另外收费的；根据下文I was surprised和Miss Parker对她的画赞美(wonderful)可以看出“我”认为她复制的很完美。42．B下文中提到“我”带Suzy去见美术老师，老师对她评价很高，故此空应选择B项。 43．【考点】此题考查根据语境选择合适名词的能力。【答案】D【解析】art艺术，美术；talk谈话，演讲；quiz考查，课堂测验；talent才能，天资。根据此段45题后面出现的
2014年中考英语专题练习句子翻译(1) 1．根据中文补全句子 （一）(2013．湛江) 1．我们的教室和他们的一样大。 Our classroom is_______ _______ theirs. 2．这个女孩正在听音乐。 The girl______________ now. ． 3．这些发明是用来在黑暗中照明的。 These inventions______________ seeing in the dark. 4．我太累了，什么都想不起来了。 I'm______________ think of anything. 5．别担心！我已经关灯了。 Don't worry! I_______ the lights. （二）（2013．济南） 1．泉城公园是一个很好玩的地方。 Quancheng Park is a good place to_______ _______. 2．我们确信中国梦一定会在不远的将来实现。 We______________ the Chinese dream will come true in the near future. 3．也许你会为他们不能找到解决空气污染问题的方法而担心。 Maybe you fear that they won't_______ _______ to find the solutions to the problem of air pollution. 4．把垃圾投放到不同的垃圾箱中，会便于我们对垃圾的回收利用。 It will be easier for us to_______ the rubbish if it is into different dustbins. 5．昨晚的电视节目使我姐姐想起两年前在山村支教的经历。 The TV programme last night_______ my sister of her_______ as a volunteer teacher in the mountain village two years ago. （三）(2013．宿迁) 1．在我外出期间，你介意为我照看一下宠物狗吗？ Would you mind_______ my pet dog for me while I am away? 2．作为一名学生，你必须按时上交作业。 As a student, you must_______ your homework on time. 3.《伊索寓言》向我们讲述许多有教育意义的故事。 Aesop's Fables tells us a lot of______________． 4．许多鸟常年舒服地生活在自然保护区里。 Many birds live comfortably in the nature reserve______________. 5.《江南Style》这首歌不仅在韩国而且在世界其他地方也流行。 The song Gangnam. ,Style is popular_______ in Korea______________ in other parts of the world. （四）(2013．烟台)
2014年高考大纲卷文言文新唐书韦凑传注释答案详解译文（广西考卷） 阅读下面的文言文，完成8—11题。 韦凑字彦宗，京兆（京兆府）万年（万年县）人。永淳（唐高宗李治的年号，共计2年）初，解褐（指脱去布衣，担任官职。唐?陈子昂《麈尾赋》序：“甲申岁，天子在洛阳，余始解褐，守麟台正字。”正字：北齐在秘书省始置，唐代沿称，其地位略次于校书郎，掌管校勘典籍之事）婺（wù）州参军事。徙资州司兵，观察使房昶（chǎng）才（名词的意动用法，认为……有才能）之，表（上表举荐）于朝，迁杨州法曹（古代司法官署，亦指掌司法的官吏。曹：古代分科办事的官署。司马光《资治通鉴》：“今肃迎操，操当以肃还付乡党，品其名位，犹不失下曹从事。”——现在我鲁肃如果迎顺曹操，曹操想必会把我送还乡里，品评我的名位，还少不了让我做一个低级的从事）。州人孟神爽罢（被罢免）仁寿令，豪纵（蛮横放纵，骄横跋扈），数犯法，交通（结交；勾结。属于古今异义）贵戚，吏莫敢绳（追究，制裁），凑按（审讯）治（治罪），杖杀之，远近称伏（通“服”。佩服，信服。《文选·王褒·四子讲德论》：“其所临莅，莫不肌栗慑伏。”《三国演义》：“族弟刘璋，再拜致书于玄德宗兄将军麾下，久伏电天。”肌栗：因恐惧或寒冷而肌肉战栗。慑伏：因畏惧而屈服。电天：古代对权位显赫者的敬称）。入为相王（唐睿宗李旦的封号）府属，时姚崇兼府长史，尝曰：“韦子识远文详（见识深远，文思周详），吾恨晚得之。”’六迁司农少卿。忤（违背，触犯）宗楚客（唐诗人，蒲州人，武则天的侄儿。高宗时举进士，武后时累迁户部侍郎。
神功元年升任宰相），出（离开京城，到地方为官）为贝州刺史。睿宗立，徙太府（官名，即太府少卿），兼通事舍人（官名。始置于东晋，是中国及朝鲜古代官制。通事最早是管理外交之事务，东晋时置通事舍人，用于传达皇帝旨意。唐朝时，通事舍人隶属中书省）。景云（唐睿宗李旦的年号，共计3年）初，作金仙（金仙即“金刚不坏之仙”，是道教神仙的称谓。因道教神仙起源于西部的昆仑山和西王母，西方属金，故名金仙）等观（guàn，道教的庙宇），凑谏，以为：“方农月兴功，虽赀（同“资”，钱财。明·张溥《五人墓碑记》：“吾社之行为士先者，为之声义，敛赀财以送其行。”——我们复社里那些道德品行可以作为读书人表率的人替他伸张正义，募集钱财送他起行）出公主，然高直（高价。直：通“值”）售庸（雇佣），则农人舍耕取顾（接受雇佣。顾：古同“雇”，酬），趋末弃本，恐天下有受其饥者。”不听。凑执争，以“万物生育，草木昆蚑（qí，动词，虫类慢慢爬行。这里用作名词，指虫子）伤伐（损害）甚多，非仁圣本意”。帝诏（下诏，命令）外（指外朝）详议。中书令崔湜（shí）、侍中岑羲曰：“公敢是耶？”凑曰：“食厚禄，死不敢顾，况圣世必无死乎？”朝廷为减费万计。出为陕、汝、岐三州刺史。开元初，欲建碑靖陵，凑以古园陵不立碑，又方旱不可兴工，谏而止。迁将作大匠（掌管宫室修建之官）。诏复（恢复）孝敬皇帝庙号义宗，凑谏曰：“传云：‘必也正名。’礼：祖有功，宗有德，其庙百世不毁。历代称宗者，皆方制海内，德泽可尊（德化恩泽值得尊崇），列于昭穆，是谓不毁。孝敬皇帝未尝南面（继位。帝位面朝南，故代称帝位），且别立寝庙（古