外文翻译
学校：江汉大学文理学院
学部：机械与建筑工程
系部：机械制造及其自动化5班姓名：梅中豪
指导老师：李列
[1]This study aims at developing a machine center consisting of is based on an open L-shaped granite base, where a Z-axis platform is mounted on the top of an L-type base, while X and Y-axis platforms are assembled by stacking. Additionally, a fuel tank, WEDG winding mechanism and a work piece control. Equipped with a commercially available PC-Based CNC controller, any processing path and precision motion control can be achieved. In addition, the Z-axis platform includes a commercially available rapid adapter for the rapid assembly of C-axis rotation, quickly switch between micro-EDM, 100 μm. Combined with a self-developed trigger circuit, it also completed a three-dimensional touch trigger probe. The measurement software was developed with Borland C++ Builder. Integrating the three-dimensional touch trigger probe with the three-axis linear scale, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured values were calculated and processed. It successfully applied to the measurement of point, line, circle and angle.
本研究旨在开发一个加工中心组成的高速微型铣床，微细电火花加工、三坐标测量机。加工中心采用CNC控制器和微细电火花加工电源的商用PC。结构设计是基于一个开放的L形的花岗岩基座，在Z轴平台安装在L型底座的顶部，而X和Y轴平台是由堆叠。此外，一个燃料箱，电极卷绕机构、工件夹持固定到轴工作平台。三轴定位阶段采用伺服电机驱动的丝杠运动控制。配备了一个数控控制器商用PC，任何加工路径和精密运动控制可以实现。此外，Z轴平台包
括c轴旋转快速组装使用市售的快速接头，高速微铣削主轴和三维测量探头。
这意味着，机器可以快速在微细电火花开关，高速微铣削和三维测量。加工中
心的成功产生微探针与一个直径小于100μM.结合自行研制的触发电路前端的
球体，它还完成了三维触发式探头。用Borland C++ Builder开发了测量软
件。三维触发式测头的三轴线性尺度积分，计算和处理的三维坐标的测量值。
它已成功地应用于测量的点，线，圆，角
[2] Different types of geometric models of face-gear with circle
line of teeth shown in the paper. Generation of a new geometrical
of a face-gear is performed on CNC milling machine. The basic
direction of the development geometrical of a face-gear and technology is in the search of new trends and methods focused on improving the quality of products, shortening the production cycles, their mechanizations, automation and implementation of a technology. 与齿圈的面齿轮几何模型的不同类型的已被证明的文件。一种新的面齿轮几何
的产生是在数控铣床上进行。的发展，几何面齿轮技术的基本方向是新的趋势
和方法集中在提高产品质量的搜索，缩短生产周期，其机械化，是一种高精度
自动化技术与实现。
[3] This paper discuss of the literature review of Optimization of tool life in milling using Design of experiment implemented to model the end milling process that are using solid carbide flat end mill
as the cutting tool and stainless steels s.s-304 as material due to predict the resulting of Tool life. Data is collected from CNC
milling machines were run by 8 samples of experiments using DOE approach that generate table design in MINITAB packages. The inputs
of the model consist of feed, cutting speed and depth of cut while
the output from the model is Tool life calculated by taylor’s life equation. The model is validated through a comparison of the experimental values with their predicted counterparts. The
optimization of the tool life is studied to compare the relationship of the parameters involve.
本文讨论的刀具寿命优化的文献回顾，采用实验的实施模型的端铣加工过程中所使用的硬质合金端铣刀的切削工具钢和不锈钢s.s-304由于预测得到的刀具材料的设计加工。数据收集从数控铣床是由8的使用DOE方法生成表的设计在Minitab包实验。该模型的输入包括进料，切割速度和切割深度，从模型的输出是刀具寿命方程计算泰勒的生活。通过与实验值的预测进行比较，验证了模型的正确性。刀具寿命的优化进行了研究比较的参数的关系涉及。
[4] In this work an effective simulator for a CNC milling machine is presented. It developed in EMC2, a free Opens Source NC software running in Linux environment, developed by an international community. It can be installed on a common PC and is able to:
control a CNC machine; read part programs; display the tool path; send instructions to the CNC machine for the cutting process. In
this work a new feature implemented, which can both display a 3D model of the machine and simulate all the motions of the movable parts of a real 3 axis end milling machine. This simulator lets the users not only verify the toolpath but also detect any possible collision by using the very computer which controls the milling machine. This system is very efficient and easy to use as powerful tool in Engineering education.
在这项工作中，对数控铣床的一种有效的模拟器。它已经开发在EMC2，免费开放源在Linux环境下运行的数控软件，由一个国际社区发展。它可以安装在普通的PC机，能够控制数控机床；阅读部分显示程序；刀具路径；发送指令到数控机床的切削过程。在这项工作中一个新的功能已经实现，既可以显示本机的三维模型和模拟的可动部件的一个真正的3轴端铣机所有的运动。该模拟器可以让用户不仅验证刀具轨迹也检测任何可能的碰撞通过控制铣床的计算机。该系统是非常有效的和易于使用的工程教育的有力工具。
[5] In this study, we the basis of analysis about the characteristics of MILLPLUS IT V530 CNumerical control system, special post processor applied to five-axis CNC machining mode based on IMSPost was developed. Special post processing program developed was proved its accuracy and reliability by put it into practice. The research results the development of machine tool prototypes by de los andes was studied, and based on the results obtained, a new prototype was proposed. the motivation behind the design and construction of this machine tool was to achieve in the machining process compared with conventional turning produced in macro machine tools. a machine, with spindle rotation speed up to 300 000 rpm was achieved, the cutting tool moves in two axes through step motors connected to worm gear reductions, thus resolution of 1μm is achieved. the interpolator was programmed based on dda integration. the machine was set under a stereoscope to visualize the machining operations with zoom up to 30x. micromachining was reached adopting nc control and it was possible to characterize micro-turned cortical bone samples.
本文对数控车床的微观概念的发展，继续通过latemm在机床样机的开发研
究。结果的基础上，提出了一种新的原型。在该机床的设计和建设的动机是为了达到更高的精度，在加工过程中，与传统的车削机床生产的宏观比较。一种机器，与主轴转速高达300转了000，刀具移动二个轴通过步进电机连接，蜗轮蜗杆的减少，从而达到1μ米分辨率。基于DDA插补是整合程序。本机设置一个立体镜和放大到30倍的可视化的加工操作。加工达到采用NC控制，它是可能的表征微变的皮质骨样品
[7] In this study, we propose the accelerationdeceleration control algorithm based on trapezoid-curve jerk in CNC machining. In
aviation and mould and die industry, it is much significant to achieve complex profile parts. The unsmooth
AccelerationDeceleration (ab. AccDec) control in feed movement is one of the main reasons to bring about machine tools impact and vibration in practical machining. After analyzing the CNC machine tools dynamic model, an AccDec control algorithm based on trapezoid-curve jerk is put forward in order to avoid step change in jerk curve in the study; Moreover, the motion profile smooth control approach based on continuous jerk is developed in details to decrease machine tools impact according to various kinematics constraint conditions, such as the maximum acceleration, the maximum jerk, the machining program segment displacement, the instruction feedrate and so on; Finally, the developed AccDec approach and the traditional linear AccDec approach are compared in the CNC experimental table. The results reveal that the developed approach can achieve more smooth and flexible motion profile, which is carbide (SiC) ceramics is developed in this paper. The process employs a turntable with several uniformly-distributed cylindrical copper electrodes and abrasive sticks as the tool, and uses a water-based emulsion as the machining fluid. End electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding alternately and are mutually beneficial, so the process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic with a good surface quality. The machining principle and characteristics of the technique are introduced. The effects of polarity, pulse duration, pulse interval, open-circuit voltage, discharge current, diamond grit size, emulsion concentration, emulsion flux, milling depth and tool stick number on performance parameters such as the material removal rate, tool wear ratio, and surface roughness investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the machined surface under different machining conditions is examined with a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The SiC ceramic was mainly removed
by end ED milling during the initial rough machining mode, whereas
it is mainly removed by mechanical grinding during the later finer machining mode; moreover, the tool material can transfer to the workpiece surface during the compound process.
将端电火花复合工艺（ED）铣削与机械磨削加工碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷进行。该
方法使用一个转盘与几个均匀分布的圆柱形铜电极和研磨棒为工具，采用水基
乳液作为加工液。端电火花铣削与机械磨削交替出现的现象，是互惠互利的，
所以这个过程是能够有效地机大面积的SiC陶瓷具有良好的表面质量。介绍了
加工技术的原理和特点。极性，脉冲持续时间，脉冲间隔的影响，开路电压，
放电电流，金刚石磨粒的大小，乳化液的浓度，乳化液流量，铣削深度和工具
杆数对性能参数如材料去除率，刀具的磨损率，和表面粗糙度进行了研究。此外，不同的加工条件下加工表面微观结构用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散谱仪研究。SiC陶瓷的电火花铣削初始粗加工模式中的主要去除，而这主要是去除机
械研磨后精细加工模式期间；此外，刀具材料可以转移到工件表面的复合过
程。
[9] Purpose: The work presented in this paper might be used for
basic data in the design of a lot extruded aluminum products using
the variable section extrusion process.Designmethodologyapproach:
The capacity of a CNC extruder was calculated and decided as
analyzing the FEM results performed by commercial software DEFORM-2D. CNC extruder and die set for variable section extrusion was invented by field extrusion experts.Findings: CNC extruder variable
extrusion process. Furthermore there was few die sets with mold feeding parts for aluminum extrusion. To be capable of extruding aluminum products with variable cross section are CNC extruder and
the die set.Research limitationsimplications: For future research of developed CNC extruder, frame structures of the extruder would be analyzed and designed using FE analysis. In addition CNC extruder would be operated by the control program for variable section as a
PC version.Practical implications: Aluminum parts with variable section would increase as utilizing the CNC extruder and cost price of the parts be down. Many industrial products using the variable section extrusion process would be used in diverse
fields.Originalityvalue: Extruded aluminum part with variable section is rarely used since extruders don’t be designed and developed for variable section extrusion. It is important that an extruder with CNC control, which could be easily of industrial products with variable section for today. Therefore design and development of CNC extruder this paper as efficient approach using commercial FEM code.
目的：在本文中提出的工作可能被用于在大量的设计基础数据的铝挤压产品采用变截面挤压process.designmethodologyapproach：计算并确定为分析商业软件DEFORM-2D有限元结果进行了数控机的能力。数控挤出机和模具的挤压型材挤压场变量专家发明的。结果：数控机在挤压过程中的关键变量。此外还有铝挤压模具零件数模料。可挤压铝制品变截面是数控挤出机和模具。研究限制影响：对未来的研究开发的数控挤出机，挤出机的结构进行分析，利用有限元分析设计。此外，数控机将由变截面控制程序操作的PC版本。实践意义：变截面铝件将利用零件的数控机和成本价格的下降增加。许多工业产品采用变截面挤压过程会被用在不同的fields.originalityvalue：挤压铝部分变截面不从挤出机的设计和开发用于变截面挤压很少使用。随着数控控制挤出机是很重要的，它可以很容易地处理和访问软件是由用户操作领域，发明。如上所述，数控机所需的工业产品生产今天变截面。因此，数控机具有模具模零件的设计和发展是解决本文采用商业有限元代码的有效方法。
[10] Micro-milling experiments of HPb63-3 lead brass were conducted on micro-machine by using TiAlN coated tungsten carbide microdiameter cutter.Wear and breakage morphologies of micro-tool were analyzed.Wear and breakage of micro-diameter cutter mainly occurred in tool nose and the wear and breakage morphologies shown
distinct size effect.The main failure modes of micro-tool were coating peeling and tool nose breakage.Adhesive and abrasive wear were typical damage mechanisms of micro-tool.Diffusing effect occur...
machine tools based on reliability analysis. It illuminated the process of theory design and the method of function block design on alarm system. The application of example about the alarm system demonstrates that it is very useful and available for maintenance of machine tools with this method.
为了提高机床的可靠性，本文分析了失效数据机床装配深。研究方法建立装配的可靠性模型的分段双重威布尔模型和参数的最大似然拟合的方法，提出了基于可靠性分析机床维修报警系统的开发。说明理论设计研究的过程和报警系统的功能块的设计方法。应用实例表明，报警系统是非常有用的方法与此机床维修。
[12] The 2010 PHM data challenge focuses on the remaining useful
life (RUL) estimation for cutters of a sensors. We present a multiple model approach for wear depth estimation of milling machine cutters using the provided data. The feature selection, initial wear estimation and multiple model fusion components of the proposed algorithm are explained in details and compared with several alternative methods using the training data. The final submission ranked #2 among professional and student participants and the method is applicable to other data driven PHM problems.
2010 PHM数据挑战主要集中在剩余使用寿命（RUL）使用从加速度测量，测功机，高速数控铣床刀具的估计，与声发射传感器。我们提出的铣床刀具的使用提供的数据磨损深度估计的多模型方法。特征选择，初始磨损估计算法的多模型融合组件的详细说明和使用训练数据的几种可供选择的方法比较。最后提交
的排名# 2专业和学生的参与者和方法适用于其他数据驱动的PHM之间的问题。