Teaching Plan
Module One British and American English
[ New Standard English Senior 2 ]
主备教师：张雅琴教材分析：本模块以British and American English为话题，通过阅读材料让学生了解英美语言的差异，并借助听力、讨论、阅读、写作等一系列扎实有效的教学活动，进一步拓展学生的想象力，提升他们的语言实践能力，并通过掌握相关词汇，培养学生对汉语语言的感知。
Introduction通过让学生阅读课本中的引语和邮件，使他们感受并理解英美英语的区别。同时学习和巩固相关的词汇，为后面的阅读和写作创造条件。
Reading and Speaking
1. 课文通过对英美英语在词汇、语法、拼写和发音等方面区别的描述，使学生真切地感受并领会英美英语的区别，并且学会对两者进行对比和分析，了解英美文化的差异，探讨英美英语的发展动向。
2. 文章含有大量有用的信息、词汇和语言结构，让学生在了解英美英语区别的同时，掌握更多的语言基础知识，为综合运用和初步交际能力的提高打好坚实的基础。Vocabulary
学习词汇，加深对英美英语区别的理解，并进行对比。
Grammar
1. 复习一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等语法知识，完成相关练习。
2. 复习for和since在现在完成时中的使用。
Everyday English
了解和掌握关于how are you getting go, don’t you get what people say, a couple of, that’s a good point等词语在日常交际中的运用。
Function
学会利用不同的结构来陈述理由，培养学生在日常学习过程中自觉使用不同连词进行表达，提高学生的语言表达和运用能力。
Cultural corner通过阅读文章帮助学生认识对美国英语的发展做出贡献的Noah Webster了解更多有关美国英语的发展过程。由此可对汉语发展和汉字简化做出相应的思考。
教材整合Period 1 V ocabulary+Introduction
Period 2 Reading + V ocabulary ( The Structure)
Period 3 Reading + V ocabulary (Language points)
Period 4 Grammar + Theory
Period 5 Grammar + Practice
Period 6 Everyday English + Function
Period 7 Cultural corner
教学原则交际教学法(Communicative approach)
情景教学法(Situational approach)
整体语言教学法(Whole language teaching)
教学方法任务型教学(Task-based Language Teaching)是实施课堂教学的主要理念。
Period 1: Vocabulary +Introduction
Teaching Content: V ocabulary +Introduction
Teaching Aims:
Target Language: accent, compare, variety, optimistic, pessimistic, have…in common, make
a difference, have a moment
Ability Objectives: Develop the students’ability to understand the differences between British English and American English in many ways.
Affection and Attitudes: Learn the differences between British English and American
English to form open and positive attitudes towards different
varieties of English.
Cultural awareness: Get prepared for the comparison of British English and American English and the main varieties of Chinese.
Teaching Aid: Multi-media
Teaching Procedure:
Task One: Introduce the topic : English around the world by some information
Activity 1. 1) In which countries is English native language in the world ?
2) How many people is English their mother tongue in the world ?
3) How many people treat English as their second language in the world ?
A Passage about English ( Students Learning Material )
English is a language spoken all around the world. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. Most native speakers of English are found in English is a language spoken all around the world. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. Most native speakers of English are found in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand. In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue. An equal number of people learn English as a second language. These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, but the language of the government, school, newspapers and TV is English. This situation is found in countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines.
However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is
more than 750 million. Everywhere in the world children go to school to learn English. Most people learn English for five or six years at high school. In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in
Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language. Activity 2. Read the dialogue and then answer the following questions:
1. What does Nancy thinks Joe wants to do?
2. What does Joe really want to do?
3. What causes the misunderstanding between the two people?
The dialogue:
Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time. Look at the picture and
read the dialogue. Then answer the following questions：What is it that Joe can't find in the bathroom? Why can't he find it?
NANCY：Oh, there you are. Now then, did you have a good flight?
JOE：Sure, we flew all the way direct from Seattle to London.
NANCY：You must be very tired. Did you sleep at all on the plane?
JOE：No. not really. I'm very tired. Could I use your bathroom?
NANCY：Why. of course. You don't need to ask, just make yourself at home. Let me give you a clean towel.
JOE：A towel?
NANCY：Yes. Here you are. The bathroom is upstairs. It's the second door on the left.
JOE：Thanks Nancy. If you'll excuse me now.
(after a while)
NANCY：Have you found it?
JOE：Well, eh yes, I mean no. I mean, I found the bathroom, but I didn't find what I was looking for!
In American English Bathroom: a place where you are sure to find a toilet. Maybe you will find a bath; maybe not.
In British English Bathroom: a place where you are sure to find a bath or shower , but sometimes you may not find a toilet.
Task Two:Read the quotations and answer the questions.
1. Translate these quotations into Chinese in their own with the help of the teacher.
2. To deal with the questions.
1). What is the topic of the quotations?
The difference between British and American English.
2). Whose opinion is the most optimistic? Dave Sperling.
3). Whose opinion is the most pessimistic? Henry Sweet.
4). Which ( if any) do you think are funny?
5). Which is good news for students of English? D
6). Can you guess which quotations are from British people? A
Task Three: Read the emails in activity 2 on page1
Directions: The students read the emails and say what the writers have in common.
Keys to Task Three:
The second writer is American.
1. We have really everything in common with America nowadays , except of
course ,language.
a lot
much
somebody have everything in common with somebody else
some
a little
nothing
1) 我们彼此有很多共同之处。
We have in common with each other.
2) The two idioms have something _____ with each other.
A. in common
B. in ordinary
C. in general
D. in normal
【拓展】in common with 和……一样
【即学即练】根据括号内所给的汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词。
1) The two games _____ _____ _____ _____ (没有相同之处).
2) _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (和其他许多国家一样), Britain has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.
3) 和很多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐不喜欢流行音乐。
In many people, he prefers classical music to pop.
common sense/knowledge 常识common disease常见病
common mistake 常犯的错误common saying 俗话
common ordinary general usual
common 强调“常见的，不足为奇的”
ordinary 强调“平常的，平淡无奇的”
general 意为“普遍的，一般的，
usual 一贯如此的，习惯性的
normal 正常的
2. make a difference
make a difference 表示“对……有影响，发生差异，重要”。如：
The sea air has made a difference to her health.
海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。
It doesn’t make a difference to me whether you attend the contest or not.
你参不参加这个竞赛对我来说都没有什么关系。
【拓展】make no / some / much difference没有/ 有一些/ 有很大影响
【即学即练】根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词。
1) 这场雨对运动会没有太大影响。
The rain didn’t _____ _____ _____ to the sports meet.
2) 谁赢这场比赛对我来说没有什么区别。
It _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ who wins the game.
3) Have you noticed that people here ______ quite _____from the rest of China?
A. speak; different
B. tell; different
C. speak; differently
D. say; differently
4) When you are learning to drive, having a good teacher ___.
A. makes no difference
B. makes all the difference
C. tells no difference
D. tells all the difference
Conclusion: British English and American English are different from each other, but maybe communication can bridge the gap between them.
Task Five: Homework
Purpose: To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about Reading and Speaking.
Do you know other differences between British English and American English? (They are different in words, grammar, spelling, and pronunciation.) If you are interested in the topic, the next class we will study another article about differences between British English and American English. Try to collect more information after class.
Period 2 & 3 Reading + Vocabulary ( The Structure+ Language points)
Teaching Content: Reading + Vocabulary
Teaching Aims:
1. To arouse students’ interest in learning about varieties of English
2. To develop students’ speaking ability (skimming and scanning)
3. Enable students to get some examples about British English and American English
4. To deal with the new words in the text.
Affection and Attitudes:
1) Learn the differences between British English and American English.
2) Form positive attitudes towards different Englishes in the world. Cultural awareness: Getting prepared for the comparison of main varieties of Chinese.
Getting prepared for the comparison of 2 English language
newspapers.
Learning strategies: Learn how to express differences between 2 things.
Sum up the uses of the verbs.
Teaching Aid: Multi-media
Some important words and phrases:
New words: obvious, underground, motorway, queue, confusing, compare, omit , variety, remark, steadily
New phrases: on the other side of, fill up with, get around, queue up, stand in line,
be similar to, after all, at the flick of, lead to, grow up, as well as,
in the future.
A sentence structure: have some difficulty in doing something,
Teaching Procedure:
Task One: Revision & Having a dictation.
Help students to revise what is learnt in Period one of this module by filling the blanks: 1. We have really everything in _____________with American nowadays, __________of
course, language.
2. American and England are 2 countries ________by a common language.
3. It doesn’t make much of a ___________whether a teacher speaks British ____American
English.
Task Two: Pre-reading activities.
Lead in the study of the text by carrying out the following questions:
1.Can you tell me how to say “英国”in English? What about “美国”？
( UK=the United Kingdom, Britain；USA, the United States of America)
2.As we know, the native language is English in the UK and USA, so who can tell me the
differences between British English and American English?
Task Three: Reading for main idea
Help students to grasp the main idea of the text by doing the task .
1.Read the passage and find 4 ways in which British and American English are different.
?V ocabulary Grammar
?Spelling Pronunciation
2. Read the text carefully and try to find the topic sentence in each part.
Subject Sentences in parts1-4
Part 1: The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary
Part 2: Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning.
Part 3: There are a few differences in grammar.
Part 4: The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.
3. Read the text again and fill in the form.(The form is on the next page)
Task Four: Retelling the text.
According to the answers , write some key words in the form. Then the teacher and students retell the text according to the key words in the form.
British and American English are different. The most o______ difference is in the vocabulary. For example, Americans drive down freeways, w_____ the British drive along motorways.◆Sometimes the same word has a different meaning, which can be c_________.◆There are differences in grammar, too: c________ the British sentence “Have you got ...?” with the American sentence “Do you have ...?”. P_________ can also be different. Americans say “on the weekend”, while the British say “at the weekend”.
◆The other variations in the two v_______ of English are spelling and pronunciation. Americans prefer to s_______ spelling. ◆As for pronunciation, although there are differences, a British can still understand an American.
◆Recently, both varieties of English have become more alike. Satellite TV and the Internet let the British and Americans listen to each other at the f____ of a switch, leading to
American words and s________ passing into British English.
◆However, as English is spoken worldwide there may be more than two varieties in the future. But don’t worry. Users of English will still be able to c___________ with each other and understand each other.
Task Five : Homework:
Read the passage carefully after the class and complete the sentences with the words or phases in activity 3 on page 3.
Look for some words that you don’t understand in the text and underline them.
Period 3 The usage of words and phrases
Task One: Revision & Asking students to retell the text.
According to what we learnt in the text and decide whether the following statements are True (T) of False (F).
1. The arrival of the first settlers had an effect on the American pronunciation. ( T )
2. A Londoner can understand a Scotsman more easily than understand a New Yorker. ( F )
3. Monita Rajpal grew up speaking three different languages. ( T )
4. It is certain that British English will disappear soon. ( F )
Task Two: Language points
Ask students to tell you some words and phrases that they don’t understand.
1.British English and American English are different in many ways.
英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。
be different in 在……方面不同
They are so different life style.
in …ways 在……方面
It is proved the following ways: politics, economy and culture.
2.The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and
pronunciation. 这两种变体的另两个不同之处是拼写和发音。
differ in ….在……方面存在不同
The two brothers differ widely their tastes. 他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。
Tastes differ. 人各有所好。
differ from sb./ sth 与……不同
In this respect, French differs English. 在这一方面，法语不同于英语。differ with/from on/about sth. 不同意持异议
I’m sorry to differ you on that. 对不起，在那一点上我与你的看法不同。
Can you think of a situation in which the two ______ from each other.
A. differs
B. differ
C. different
D. difference
3. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by Taxi ( British ) or cab (American ).
get around a. 回避，逃避，绕过某困难 b. 走动 c. (消息)传开，传出去
1)请把get around在句子中的含义与其相应的汉语释义配对。
My father could get around after the operation. ( )
It would take some time for the news to get around. ( )
I think we should not get around most of these problems. ( )
2)【即学即练】汉译英。
她拄着拐杖四处走动
She with the help of a stick.
他在事故中遇难的消息迅速传开了。
News soon that he was killed in the accident.
你规避制度是不对的。
It’s wrong of you to the rules.
4. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British).
compare …to…把......比作
compare …with…把......进行比较
compare notes (with sb.) 交换意见、观点、看法
compared with (to) “和……比较”，常位于句首或句尾，作状语
If you her work his，you’ll find hers is much better．
要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她好得多。
drivers in other countries, Americans think they’re good drivers．
同其他国家司机相比，美国人认为他们是不错的。
扩展：
by comparison相比之下
by comparison with与……相比
By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.
和活泼的年轻人比起来，成年人是没有欢乐的群体。
练习：
1) The production of grain rose by 25 ____ the first three months of last year.
A. comparing to
B. compare with
C. compared to
D. to compare with
2) When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences
without noticing the many similarities. (06浙江）
A. Compared
B. being compared
C. Comparing
D. having compared
5. After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
毕竟, 两个国家境内的发音的差别可能跟两国之间的发音差别一样多。
after all
①毕竟;仍然:
We chose to take a plane after all. 我们仍然选择乘飞机。
②终究;最终:
It has turned out to be a nice day after all. 天气终于转晴了。
6. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than
understanding a New Yorker. 一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话可能比理解一个纽约人更难。
have some difficulty (in) doing
类似结构有：have some trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难
have a hard time (in) doing
注意：difficulty是不可数名词: 困难难处
你在学习英语方面有困难吗？
Do you have any difficulty in Learning English ?
It wasn’t long before they found that there was much trouble ______ the plan.
A. to carry out
B. carrying out
C. with carrying out
D. to have carried out
7. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.
自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，非常便捷地听到了英式英语和美式英语已经成为可能。
1）… it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.
“it is … to do something”: 不定式短语做主语。
2) at the flick of a switch: quickly and easily, especially by using a computer.
8. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人更容易相互理解了。
make it …for ...to do something: “it”为形式宾语，后跟宾语补语；
“for…to do something”为不定式短语作“make’’的真正宾语,“for”后跟不定式的逻辑主语。如：
Listening to music makes possible for her to relax from working long.
His long speech made difficult for the listeners to understand him.
Nothing can make possible for lost time to be made up.
9. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English.
但这也导致了大量美语单词和结构进入英国英语。
lead to doing 导致做某事words and structures 是passing into 的逻辑主语，属于动名词的复合结构。“passing into British English”在此句中和“lots of American words and structures”一起组成复合宾语。
类似的还有：belong to 属于look forward to 盼望be opposed to 反对devote… to…
献身于be used to 习惯于object to 反对
All Roads Lead to Rome.
It is sleeping late at night that ________ getting up late in the morning.
A. lead to
B. refers to
C. leads to
D. result from
The truck was moving done the road _____ the church.
A. leads to
B. leading to
C. lead
D. led to
Task Three : Homework
Translate the following questions into English.
1. 你简直无法想象那个女人抚养她的孩子是多么困难。(have difficulty in doing sth.)
You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had (in) bringing up her children.
2. 孩子们, 来排好队, 让我们进戏院吧。(queue up)
Come and queue up, children. Let’s go to the theater.
3. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下, 你就会发现她做得要好得多。(compare)
If you compare her work with his / If you compare their work, you’ll find hers is much better.
4. 乘坐公交车在北京旅行很方便。(get around)
Getting around by bus is convenient in Beijing.
5. 毫无疑问，过量的工作和过少的休息常常会引起疾病。(lead to)
There is no doubt that too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
Period 4 &5 Grammar 1
Teaching Content: Grammar 1
Teaching Aims and Demands: Master the grammar and use them freely
Teaching important points:
Tell the rules of the tenses
Observe, compare and find out the rules.
Learning strategies:
Sum up the uses of the verbs and learn how to use them correctly.
Cultural awareness: Develop the habit to use different tenses in different language situations.
Teaching Aids: Multi-Media
Teaching Procedures:
Task One: Revision. Have a dictation about some vocabulary.
Task Two: Introduction by a passage.
Read the passage and underline different tenses in the passage.
In only fifty years English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world. English is being spoken as the working language of most international organizations, international trade and tourism. Businessmen and tourists often come to china without being able to speak Chinese. Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is
also the language of global culture, such as popular music and the Internet. You
can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate in English
every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
Task Three: The theory.
一般现在时(the present simple tense)的用法
1) 表示不随时间的变化而变化的事实, 真理, 格言, 警句等。
①The earth goes around the sun.
②Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
③Tomorrow is Monday. 明天星期天。
2) 表示目前，现在经常发生的动作, 习惯, 或存在的状态。常与下列表示次数的频
率副词连用: often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, every day (week, year, night), once a week等
3) 表示“预定”或是“安排好”要发生的，不会轻易改变的未来动作, 事情。常用于此
类用法的动词有come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin等。
4) 用于戏剧, 电影等的剧本解说, 体育比赛及其他活动现场解说或图片的说明等。
5) 在表时间和条件的状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替将来时。
常见引导时间状语从句的词汇有: when, while, whenever, before, after, till, until, by the time, as soon as。
常见引导条件状语从句的词汇有: if, unless, as long as, so long as, in case (that), provided (that).
I will tell him that as soon as I see him.
6) 询问或引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信件的内容时,常将一般现在时与动词say
连用。
现在进行时( The present continuous tense)的用法
1) 表示说话时正在进行的, 目前正在发生的动作。此种用法时, 常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词, 如: now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, 及Look!, Listen!等
词汇。
2) 表示目前一段时间内正在进行, 但说话时可能没有进行的动作。
3) 与always, constantly, forever, all the time等副词连用, 表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意。
The girl is always talking loud in public.
4) see, return, leave, start, visit, go, come, fly, stay等动词可以用进行时表将来。
①He is leaving on Wednesday.
②They are going to Canada next week.
5) 表示最近的将来已定的安排(这是用于表示眼前打算的最普通的说法。) 如:
现在完成时（the present perfect tense）的用法
1. Basic usage
1）动作发生在过去对现在的影响或结果。
I have already had my lunch.
2）过去积累到现在的经验或经历。
I have ever been to Beijing twice.
3）过去的动作和状态一直延续到现在。
I have learned English for four year.
2. The differences between the past simple tense and the present perfect tense
1). 一般过去时表示具体的过去发生的动作，和现在时间无关, 纯属过去。
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作或事件对现在的影响和联系。
2). 一般过去时和时间段连用，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间，与现在无关。
现在完成时与时间段连用，表从过去开始的动作或状态延续至今。
3）Different time expressions of the two tenses
?Past tense time expressions:
?yesterday,
?last night, (week, month, year…)
? a few days ago, five years ago, …ago,
?in 1974, in the 1920s
?the other day,
?in the past
3. The differences between since and for
for + 段时间for three years
since +点时间/句子
since 1990 / since I came here
4. The sentences models using the present perfect tense
1) 现在完成时+since + 点时间状语(名词、短语、从句, 其中从句用一般过去时)
2) It / This is the first /其他序数词/ last time + that 从句中, 从句使用现在完成时。
3) It / This is the最高级+ that 从句中, 从句使用现在完成时。
I am meeting Peter tonight. He is taking me to the theatres.
时态的特殊句式:
Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom.
M: --- It ________ 2 months since I last saw you.(be)
T: --- I have just returned from abroad.
M: --- Is it the first time you _________ abroad?(be)
T: --- Yes. And hardly ___ I ______ there when I was struck by its beauty. (arrive)
M: --- How do you find your trip?
T:--- Very go od. To tell the truth, it’s the most unforgettable trip I _____________. (ever have)
M: I’m glad to hear that. By the way, I am leaving for a meeting now. It ______ (be) 20 minutes before it_______. (start)
一般过去时用法
1．表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
2．表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我小的时候，常在街上踢足球。
3. 用在It’s time/I wish/I’d rather + that-clause句型中,以及某些条件。句中表示虚拟, 这些句型描述的情况往往与现在事实相反。
How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!
4. 可以根据上下文的语境要求,使用一般过去时。
--- Long time to see! Haven’t you
graduated from college?
--- Yes. I studied English for four
years in Nanjing.
过去进行时
1. 过去进行时主要用来表示在过去延续了一段时间的动作。
They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。
2. 有时不与时间状语连用时,可以表示逐渐的发展。
It was getting darker.
The wind was rising.
3. 有时可以用一个句子来表示时间状语。
When I arrived, Tom was talking on the phone.
过去完成时用法
1．表示某动作或状态在过去某时间或某动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等引导的含有一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had finished that work.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
2．表示某动作或状态在过去某时刻前已经开始，持续到这一过去时间，并可能持续下
去。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
3. 用在if引导的与过去事实相反的条件句以及wish，as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)
4. 常用hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,；no sooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚…就…”。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
5. intend, think, hope, want, mean 等动词用过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的打算或意
图。
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
我本来打算今年好好休个假，但是我不能离开了。
考点分析
（1）一般现在时考点分析
①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100oC.
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong 、seem等。如：I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
（2）现在进行时考点分析。
①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)
②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（3）现在完成时考点分析。
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since从句
This (That / It) is the first (second…) time that + 完成时
This (That / It) is the only … + that + 完成时
This (that / It) is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句+ 完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t g et off the bus until it has stopped.
（4）一般将来时考点分析。
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
（5）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。
◆一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t.
◆如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。
Eg He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
◆表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
Eg ①The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
②He bought a watch but lost it.
◆在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
◆常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
（6）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。
◆在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作常用过去完成时。如：
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
◆表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned… + to have done。
◆“时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
◆表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语+过去分词+ when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
= No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
（7）过去将来时考点分析。
参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。
（8）过去进行时考点分析。
①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。
②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
（5）注意几组时态的区别：
◆一般过去时与现在完成时：
时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
◆过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。
动词时态的一些典型的约定俗成用法
①This / It is the first / second…time + that从句。that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。如：
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
②It is / has been +一段时间+ since从句。since从句中用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
③be about to do…when…意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如：
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
④be (was /were) + doing… when…意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。
They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.
⑤Hardly had…done…when… ; No sooner had…done…than…
when 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如：
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
⑥It + be +一段时间+ before从句
这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：
It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soo n.)
It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )
高考定位
1．高考考查的八种动词时态是：①一般现在时；②一般过去时；③一般将来时；④现在进行时；⑤过去进行时；⑥现在完成时；⑦过去完成时；⑧过去将来时。
2．容易混淆的三组动词时态是：①一般过去时和现在完成时；②一般过去时和过去完成时；③过去完成时与现在完成时。
3．各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。
命题趋势
试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。
突破方法
1．学习动词的时态和语态时，切不可脱离实际运用的语言。
2．答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息
3．解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：
①这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有哪些？
②这个动作处于什么状态，是进行中，还是已结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？
练习题另附
Period 6 Everyday English + Function
Teaching Goals:
1.To review some useful everyday English.
2. Give brief Instructions of for and since with present perfect
Teaching Procedures:
Task One: Learn the usage of : since as for because
because, since, as, for 辨析
1) because语势最强, 用来说明人所不知的原因, 回答why提出的问题, 是句子中的重要部分, 常放在句末, 不能用其它三个替换。逗号可加可不加。
You can trust those products because the quality never changes.
I haven’t been to the cinema lately, because I am too busy.
2) 当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知, 就用as或since。since稍正式一些。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
3) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末, 且前面有逗号, 则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因, 而是多种情况加以推断, 就只能用for。
He is absent today, because/for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
4) 当because引导的从句与否定的主句连用, 而主句又位于句首时, 之前不用逗号, 因为主句动词否定的是其后的全部内容。为了突出because从句, because前常加上副词, 如: just, only, simply, chiefly等。
You should not despise a man just because he is poorly dressed.
She is not marrying Bill, because he is poor.
Complete the sentences with because, since/as or now that.
1. It is useful to learn English ________it is spoken all over the world.
2. ________ they see lots of American films, the British are used to American accents.
3. Americans like the British accent _______ they think it is cute.
4. It’s easier to compare British and American English ________ we have the Internet.
(because/as since/as because now that )
Task Two: Learn some useful Everyday English
Everyday English
1. How are you getting on? is a question about___.
A. Sam antha’s health
B. what Samantha is doing