Abstract
As a product of a cultural background, proverbs are closely related to a nation's culture and enjoy great cultural values. They provide interesting clues to a nation's geography, history, social conventions, religion and literature. English and Chinese proverbs, carrying the imprint of the two nations’ cultural generalities, have their similarities. They enjoy the similar origin, similar functions and some similar features. English and Chinese proverbs both originate from folk life, from literal works, historical events, religious records, fairy tales and mythology, and from other languages as well. They both function as a guide to people's life. And they are the important keys to the study and research of English and Chinese languages and cultures. However their translation is not easy. Relevance translation theory offers a new basis to translate English and Chinese proverbs dynamically and flexibly. Based on relevance translation theory, translators consider the intention of the source writer and the cognitive context of the target readers, choose the most appropriate method to translate English and Chinese proverbs, and make their translation optimally relevant so as to gain the best communication.
The thesis will translate English and Chinese proverbs based on relevance translation theory. First the thesis will introduce you the relevance translation theory, then the thesis will states the requirements of relevance translation theory for proverbs translation in the aspect of cognitive environment and situational environment. After that, the specific application of the theory in proverb translation will be stated. And the significance of this thesis is to let readers understand the translation of proverbs without and confusion so that the culture will be transmitted successfully.
Key words: relevance translation theory; English and Chinese proverbs; translation
摘要
作为文化环境的产物，谚语与一个民族的文化密切相关，具有极大的文化价值。通过谚语，人们可以了解一个民族的历史、地理、风俗传统等文化信息。英汉谚语深深地烙上了英汉民族的文化烙印，存在着很多相似点。它们的相同点在于:相同的起源、相同的功能和类似的一些特征。英汉谚语都来自于人们的日常生活、文学宗教典籍、历史事件、民间神话及传说以及外来语。谚语对于人们的生活起着指导作用。而且英汉谚语是学习研究英汉语言与文化不可缺少的钥匙，但是英汉谚语的翻译却并非易事。关联翻译理论为动态灵活翻译谚语提供了一个新的视角。在关联翻译理论的框架下，为达到翻译的最佳交际效果，译者必须综合考虑原文作者的意图和译文读者的认知环境，选择适当的翻译方法，使英汉谚语的译文具有最佳关联。
本研究就关联性翻译理论论英汉谚语的翻译。首先论文将介绍关联翻译理论，其次论文会具体介绍关联翻译理论对英汉谚语翻译中的具体考虑因素，主要从认知环境和情景两个方面。再次论文将具体介绍关联翻译理论在英汉谚语翻译中的应用。论文的意义在于让读者在看译文时没有疑惑，这样谚语的翻译就成功的传播了文化。
关键词：关联翻译理论；英汉谚语；翻译
Contents
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。摘要 .......................................................................................................................................................................... II Chapter 1 Introduction.. (1)
1.1 Significance of the Research (2)
1.2 Organization of the Paper (3)
Chapter 2 Literature Review (4)
Chapter 3 Introduction of the Relevance Translation Theory (6)
3.1 The Origin and Definition of the Theory (6)
3.2 Basic Viewpoint of the Theory (6)
3.3 Specific Application of the Theory in Translation (7)
Chapter 4 Requirements of Relevance Theory for Proverbs Translation (9)
4.1 Cognitive Environment (10)
4.2 Situational Environment (11)
Chapter 5 Application of Relevance Theory for Proverbs Translation (12)
5.1 Application of Cognitive Environment (12)
5.2 Application of Situational Environment (16)
Chapter 6 Conclusion (19)
Bibliography (20)
Chapter 1 Introduction
English and Chinese proverbs are the important keys to the study and research of English and Chinese languages and cultures. However, how to translate these proverbs is not easy. The definition of proverbs given by Longman Modern English Dictionary is“a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.”And the definition given by《辞海》is:“熟语的一种，流行于民间的简练通俗而富有意义的语句。大多反映人民生活和斗争的经验。如‘人多力齐推山倒，众人拾柴火焰高’等。谚语也是民间文学的一种形式。”An English patron named Robert South defined proverb in his book Sermons like this: What a proverb, but the experience and observation of several ages, gathered and summed up in one expression (刘慧玲2001：50). Wang Qin, in his book《谚语.歇后语概论》defines proverb in this way,“谚语是人民群众生活斗争的经验总结，是具有传授经验和教训劝诫功能，流传于人民群众口头中的现成语。”(王勤1980:10-11).
From all these definitions it can be seen that they have the common grounds that a proverb, which succinctly sums up human experience and observation of the world, states a general truth and gives advice or warning. And proverbs are important elements of national culture, and also the essence of people’s life experience and wisdom. But because the geographic location and historical background between the west and east are different and English and Chinese belong to different language families, which influence people’s thinking, the cultures between the west and east are different. So when translate proverbs, we should take many facts into consideration such as customs, history, religious belief and so on.
There have been so many scholars who have already studied the translation of English and Chinese proverbs. But their opinions are divergent and they are unable to agree on which one is right. So the study of translation of English and Chinese proverbs needs to be developed further and further. Here the relevance translation theory offers a new basis to translate English and Chinese proverbs dynamically and flexibly. Based on relevance translation theory, translators consider the intention of the source writer and the cognitive context of the target readers, choose the most appropriate method to
translate English and Chinese proverbs, and make their translation optimally relevant so as to gain the best communication (曹曦颖2007:94-96). Proverbs are seen as a special category of lexical items which are not only determined through their structure, but which also show a special type of behavior in language use. By analyzing this behavior I hope to create a pragmatic model for English proverbs and thus to provide a theory for butter translation of them (J Strassler 1982).
1.1 Significance of the Research
Proverbs are the essence and encyclopedia of a nation. They shine with the wisdom accumulated in people's experiences. They contain people’s thoughts, values, outlook on life, moral values, life attitudes and religious belief. Meanwhile, a nation’s geography, history, humanities and customs can be known through proverbs. Looking from the form, proverbs are concise in sentence pattern and balanced in structure, while seen from the content, proverbs are the essence of human languages. In addition, they bare the weight of the cultural characteristics and messages. Since English and Chinese languages belong to two different linguistic families whose cultural backgrounds are so different from each other that the Chinese people may turn to be unclear about English. This is especially true of the English and Chinese proverbs. So there is no exaggeration to say that proverb translation plays an important role in introducing different human experiences to people of the different cultures. It can familiarize people of one ethnic group with the heritage of the other and achieve the goal of cultural exchanges. The following aspects can testify the importance of this issue.
eg. Good vine needs no bush.
This is an English proverb. If we translate it literally we will probably fail to know the relationship between “vine” and “bush”. So nobody really masters a foreign language without mastering its proverbs because they contain much cultural connotations.
Moreover, proverbs are the best application of different linguistic techniques and linguistic forms. One can know the structure, form and rhetorical devices of a language through proverb translation. For example,
No news is good news.
Many a little make a mickle.
These two English proverbs contain "repetition" and "alliteration" respectively. One can know
many linguistic features used in English proverbs.
Based on the preceding statements, the study of proverb translation is of great significance. It is necessary as well as beneficial.
1.2 Organization of this Paper
This thesis paper is divided into 6 chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction of this thesis. This chapter includes the significance of proverb translation study and organization of the paper. Chapter 2 is literature review. In this chapter, the paper mainly introduce the research status of translation of English and Chinese proverbs and how the paper further research the translation of English and Chinese proverbs. In Chapter 3, the author sets introduction of the relevance translation theory out to introduce general knowledge of the relevance translation theory. And there are 3 parts: relevance in translation including the introduction of the relevance translation theory and basic viewpoint of the relevance translation theory. In Chapter 4, the author tells about the requirement of the relevance translation theory to the translation of English and Chinese proverbs. It contains cognitive environment and situational environment. These base on the theory of chapter 3. Chapter 5 contains the specific application of the theory to the translation of proverbs. Chapter 6 is the conclusion of the thesis.
Chapter 2 Literature Review
As an integrated part of a language and the gem of a nation, proverbs are the reflections of people's wisdom and wit. One can know the history, culture and social background of a nation. Up to now, many scholars have contributed much in the field of proverb translations and put forward their valuable thoughts and ideas from different perspectives.
Many scholars discuss proverb translation mainly from linguistic perspective. According to the characteristics of proverb translation, this paper puts forward five translation methods, which are literal translation, free translation, literal-free translation equivalent translation and interpreting translation(王文静2010:5). Wang Wenjing mainly refers to five translation methods which are mainly connected with literal translation, free translation and literal-free translation. Others mainly discuss the correspondences or similarities of the two languages and on this basis, they put forward seven corresponding phenomenon: identical in form and meaning, basically identical in form and meaning and similar in form but different in meaning etc, and raise two major problems in corresponding translation: inappropriateness of some correspondences and the non-corresponding translations.
Several scholars discuss proverb translation from cultural perspective. After giving a detailed overview on proverbs concerning the definition, source as well as its characteristic features, the paper digs into a deep analysis on cultural elements conditioning in proverb translation, posing the relationship between proverbs and culture by the comparison of cultural similrities and disparities shown in English and Chinese proverbs. Then it calls for the significance of cross-cultural awareness and culture-oriented translation(颜晓敏2007:3). Yan Xiaomin stresses the cultural differences of the two kinds of proverbs such as environments, customs and puts forward several methods of translation such as literal translation and paraphrase etc.
There are also some scholars who care about proverb translation from both the linguistic and cultural perspectives. After analyzing some of the cultural and linguistic features, Wang Wenjing (2010) gives five kinds of translation methods by comparing literal translation with free translation.
In recent years, some researchers begin to consider proverb translation by using domestication and foreignization such as Xu Fei. By comparing and analyzing the cultural similarities and differences in C-E/E-C proverbs, this paper explores the employment of domestication and foreignization from the perspective of cross-cultural communication. It holds that domestication and foreignization are interdependent. Whether to dometicate or foreignize a source text relies on the dynamic reade rs’response(徐飞2008:5).
To sum up, all these above are the studies of proverb translation. They have different view points, and they all play guiding roles and are of great significance in this field.
Although there have been so many significant researches, proverb translation still need to study. First, proverb translations are always studied in the concern of idioms. Second, the studies mainly deal with literal translation and free translation and few directly deal with domestication and foreignization, and third, although the studies involve different aspects, they are not systematic. Archer Taylor says that the peculiarities of proverbs have never received thorough examination. So on the foundation of the previous studies, this thesis attempts to make a further systematic study of English proverb translation by using the relevance translation theory. The author believes that this study will be both theoretical and practical significance to English proverb translation. So far, there are so few scholars have researched the relevance translation theory and only Cao Xiying has done some research of English and Chinese proverbs based on the relevance translation. But her research was not comprehensive. So the paper will further study the translation of English and Chinese proverbs from the viewpoint of relevance translation theory.
Chapter 3 Introduction of the Relevance Translation Theory
In this chapter, the thesis mainly states the introduction of the relevance translation theory and brief knowledge of relevance translation theory will be presented. The introduction mainly includes the origin and definition of the theory, basic viewpoints of the theory and Specific Application of the Theory in Translation.
3.1 The Origin and Definition of the Theory
In fact, translation is not just literal translation or free translation. We must take relevance translation into consideration. Relevance theory was formally put forward on the basis of cognitive psychology and relevance theory by Ernest August-Gutt. The theory is about translation on the basis of cognitive context and occasions on which the proverbs are uttered.
When it comes to the relevance translation theory, we should first be clear what the relevance translation theory is. The relevance translation theory was first put forward by the western linguists Sperber and Wilson on the basis of Grice’s maxin of relevance. It mainly consists of three key concepts:1) communication as an ostensive-inferential process; 2)context or cognitive environment;
3)relevance and the principles of relevance. It is the cognitive pragmatic theory, which reflects the basic cognitive law of human-beings.
3.2 Basic Viewpoints of the Theory
The basic viewpoint of the relevance translation theory can be divided into seventh points: first, the research object of translation is human brain mechanism and translation is regarded as dual ostensive- inferential processes in the light of relevance; second, whether the relevance is strong or weak depends on whether you have disposed the relationship of the processing effort and contextual effect well. If the contextual effect is good, the effect you make when reasoning is small and the relevance is strong. While if the contextual effect is bad, you must make great effect to reason and the
relevance is weak; third, to create the optimal relevance play a vital role in communication, that is to say, the interpretation listeners try to explain can yielded enough contextual effect with the lowest processing costs; forth, the best relevance is the object translators try to achieve and also the principle and criteria of translation research; fifth, translators must utilize reasoning. They should first realize the original author’s intention from original words or the so-called communicative clue. Then they must understand the reader’s cognitive context to make the author’s intention unfold before the reader’s eyes without the reader’s any effort to understand; sixth, translators’ responsibility is to try their best to make the author’s intention be identical with the reader’s aspiration; seventh, since translation is regarded as dual ostensive- inferential processes in the light of relevance and translators should consider contextual effect, then situations must be taken into consideration because different proverbs appear in different situations or a proverb emerge in different situations can relate to different context and so on(Gutt 2004). All the points will be used in the application of the relevance translation theory in the translation of English and Chinese proverbs.
The relevance translation theory has refreshed people’s new understanding about translation from the cognitive angle (赵彦春1999:273-295). Since 1994, Li Kenan, Meng Jiangang, Zhang Chunbo, Li Ying, Luo Xuanmin, Wang Jianguo, Yuan Hongyan etc., many scholars have used the theory to do a number of researches such as interpretive scheme, phenomenon, domestication and foreignizing, translatability, fidelity of translation, creativity of translation. They though that “the relevance translation theory offers a new point of view to study translation.”(李寅&罗选民2004:40-42) “It captures the essence of translation.”(孟建钢2000:25-27) “It develops a new area for translation research.”(李占喜&何自然2006:40-43) All in all, translation studies inland value the application and research of relevance translation theory more and more increasingly (王建国2005:21-26).
3.3 Specific Application of the Theory in Translation
According to the theory, the process of linguistic communication is just an ostensive-inferential process, which means speakers utter the meaning and listeners reason the meaning, rather than the traditional encoding-decoding process. When people try to know a new thing, they tend to know the new thing on the basis of relevance environment, that is to say, when communicate with each other, both sides will find the most relevance cognitive environment to achieve the communicative intention
so that to regard the relevance translation theory as the process of code and reasoning. So this also can be applied to translation of the communicative process of the same nature. In the process of translation, translators and original authors constitute the communicators. Translators try to find the best relevance between utterance and context from the communicative behaviors indicated by original authors. Then the translators deduce the implicit meaning of the original context through reasoning to know the authors’ purpose. However, translators and readers can constitute another kind of communicators. In this process, the translators pass their own understanding to the readers through translation to make the readers have the ability to deduce the communicative intention of the original authors. All the points above can explain the translation of English and Chinese proverbs because in translation of proverbs translators play the same role as above and in the process of translation of proverbs, translators also need to deduce the implicit meaning of the proverbs and pass the original meaning to the readers accurately so that the readers can understand the meaning favorably. According to the relevance translation theory, to find the optimum relevance is pivotal in the process of code switching and it determines the pay-offs of all kinds of factors such as the relevance information and context of the translation. So translation is just to find the most optimum relevance between the original and the context through analyzing the context to understand the original author’s meaning, that is, what the original author want to tell the readers. And this is the goal the translators try to achieve when they translate an essay. Nevertheless, in the process of translation, a kind of cross-culture communication, because of the different cultural background and cognitive environment, communicators may have different cognitive effect when face the same context. So the communicative intention reproduced by the translators may be different from that that the readers expect. So when translate an essay, translators shouldn’t be literalism and stand on the information of the original. They should take the different cognitive environment between the original author and the reader into consideration. Then they should relate the author’s intention to the reader’s cognitive environment to find the best relevance through analyzing. Through using different translation strategies to reproduce the original communicative intention to make the readers understand the original meaning of the authors.
Chapter 4 Requirements of Relevance Theory for Proverbs Translation
The relevance translation theory is dual ostensive-inferential processes in the light of relevance and a special linguistic communicative way. So it not only grasps the essence of translation, but also provides a new optic angle to translate English and Chinese proverbs dynamically and flexibly. Since the essence of the translation of English and Chinese proverbs is an ostensive-inferential process involving human brain mechanism and a specific linguistic communicative way, translators need to reason through communicative clues of the original words, sentences, syntax, style etc. and create a context hypothesis to communicate successfully or to gain certain communicative effect. Here the context is not just a part of the outside environment of both sides of the communication such as phrases around an utterance, environmental conditions, and cultural factors and so on. It means a part of the international hypothesis about both communicative sides, that is, cognitive environment (Gutt 2004). Translators should not only realize original authors’intention through all kinds of communicative clues, but also understand readers’cognitive environment to judge whether the contextual hypothesis the original authors try to pass to the readers exists in the potential context of the readers, whether to pull out the context needed from all the available hypothesis is strenuous and whether processing effort and contextual effect can be balanced and so on. Translators should try their best to make their thought relate to the cognitive environment of the original authors and the readers. Then they need to find the best relevance from all the relevant illuminations to create enough appropriate contextual effect. Ultimately, they should make the translation become a part of the original essay, which is relevant to the readers and can produce sufficient contextual effect. So, in the frame of the relevance translation theory, the basic principle control the translation of English and Chinese proverbs is relevance. And the optimal relevance is the goal translators try to achieve. As intermediaries, translators should overall evaluate the original authors’intention and the readers’cognitive environment to choose proper translational methods and try their best to make their translation be provided with the optimal relevance so that the authors’intention is identical to the readers’expectation. According to the authors’intention and the readers’cognitive environment,
translators can adopt several essential ways to translate English and Chinese proverbs.
4.1 Cognitive Environment
The relevance translation theory has refreshed people’s understanding of translation from the point of cognition (赵彦春1999:273-295).
Here we first introduce the cognitive environment. Mutual manifestness of context or cognitive environments is the main factor that influencing the success of communication. If and only if he if capable at the given time of representing it mentally and accepting its representation as true or probably true, a fact will be manifested to an individual. A context of an individual is a set of facts that are manifest to him. An individual’s context is the set of all the information that he can perceive or infer according to Sperber and Wilson: all the information that is manifested to him. A function of his physical environment and his cognitive ability is an individual’s total cognitive context, which consists of not only all the information that he is aware of but also all the information that he is capable of becoming aware of in his physical environment. The knowledge, which can also be called the individual’s actual awareness of information that he has acquired, contributes his cognitive ability to become aware of further information. And a component of cognitive abilities is called memorized information.
The notion of what is manifest was elaborated by Sperber&Wilson in two ways: on the one hand, it is a process which is extended from facts to all assumptions; and on the other hand, manifestness has its different degree. “manifest” was defined as any assumption which an individual is able to construct and accept as true or probably true is manifest to him, and the more likely to be entertained, the more manifest. Without being actually, something can also be manifest according to Sperber&Wilson. And without being inferable at all from previously held knowledge and assumptions, something can be manifest merely by being perceptible. A mutual cognitive environment is any shared cognitive environment in which it is manifest. In a mutual cognitive environment, for every manifest assumption, itself manifest is the fact that is manifest to the people who share this environment. In other words, every manifest assumption is what we will call mutually manifest in a mutual cognitive environment. In the code model, the manifest assumption is weaker than the “mutual knowledge”, which was first identified by Lewis (Lewis 1969) as common knowledge, and Schiffer (Schiffer 1972) as mutual
knowledge.
4.2 Situational Environment
Here is the introduction of situational environment in translation of English and Chinese proverbs. In the basic viewpoints of relevance translation theory, situational environment has been mentioned. When it comes to relevance translation theory, situational environment should be involved. And when translate proverbs, situational environment should also be considered. We know that proverbs translation is not simplex and absolute. There are some proverbs may have different translation versions when appear in different situations. Their translation depends on where they appear and which situation they emerge in and situational environment influence their translation versions to a large extent. Many situational factors will influence the translation of proverbs such as condition, emotion, historical backgrounds, customs and so on. Based on these factors, There will be two situations about translate of proverbs applied of situational environment. First is that one proverb has different versions of translation; second is that different kinds of proverbs appear in different situation express the same meaning.
Chapter 5 Application of Relevance Theory for Proverbs Translation
Based on chapter four, this chapter will states the specific application of the theory into proverbs translation------cognitive environment and situational environment. On the same time, some examples will be given.
5.1 Application of Cognitive Environment
In this section, there are two situations. First is similarity and compatibility, second is distinctiveness, and in distinctiveness, there will be details about different distinctiveness. Here the specific application will be presented bellow.
5.1.1 Similarity and Compatibility
Because people’s living environment is roughly the same, the cognitive environment of English and Chinese are similar and compatible in some aspects. If the cognitive environment about a proverb of the original author and the reader is similar, in other words, the reader needn’t any processing effort to reason the original author’s intention and acquire sufficient contextual effect, and then the translator should adopt literal translation to translate English and Chinese proverbs.
eg. 熟能生巧。
Practice makes perfect.
一寸光阴一寸金。
An inch of time is an inch of gold.
路遥知马力，日久见人心。
As distance tests a horse’s strength, so time reveals a person’s heart.
Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
A fox may grow grey, but never good.
狐狸会长老，但是不会变好。
A bad excuse is better than none at all.
烂借口总比没借口好。
A fair face may hide a foul heart.
面善心恶。
A smile may hide a dagger.
笑里藏刀。
From above all the proverbs, we can see that whether the proverbs are translated from English to Chinese or from Chinese to English, it is not hard to understand the meaning of the proverbs. The cognitive environment of people about such kind of proverbs is similar, so the proverbs be translated by literal translation are still easy to be understood.
5.1.2 Difference
There will be three situations when the author and the reader have different cognitive context. And the paper will analyze the three situations from the author’s intention and the reader’s expectation. The following paragraphs will state whether the author’s intention is similar to the reader’s expectation on many aspects or one aspects or the author’s intention is different to the reader’s expectation.
If the cognitive environment of the original author and the reader is different, the proverbs the original author uses is to let the reader know the meaning, image, grammar structure of the proverbs and the reader’s expectation is just in line with the author’s intention, then translators should also use literal translation.
eg. 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
Three commons cobblers are better than Zhu Geliang.
班门弄斧。
Show off one’s skill with the axe before Lu Ban.
铁杵磨成针，功到自然成。
An iron pestel can be ground down to a needle, perseverance will make success.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
在罗马就按罗马的方式办事。
The pot calls the kettle black.
铁锅说壶黑。
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
同时追两兔，两都抓不住。
A ragged coat may cover an honest man.
正直的人可能穿着破旧的外衣。
Each bird loves to hear himself sing.
鸟儿最喜欢听自己的歌声。
The above eight proverbs are just examples to prove the point of view given. The translation of these proverbs seems to be mechanical, but in fact, they are all coincident in grammar structure and meaning. And sometimes it may hard to understand what exactly the proverbs want to convey.
If the original author and the reader have different cognitive environment, the proverbs the original author uses is to let the reader know the meaning, image, grammar structure of the proverbs, but the reader’s expectation is just want to know the proverbs’ meaning, than translators can translate the proverbs by both literal translation and free translation, in other words, translators first translate the proverbs by literal translation, then explain the proverbs by few brief words, or translators can translate the proverbs by applying to proverbs that have the same meaning. So this kind of translation can convey the original author’s intention and make the reader understand the proverbs without any effort. eg. 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
Three common cobblers are better than Zhu GeLiang, three fools are better than one master’s mind.
班门弄斧。
Try to teach the master craftsman Lu Ban to learn the skills of axes. ( Try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs. )
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
在罗马就按罗马的方式办事, 入乡随俗。
The pot calls the kettle black.
锅子说壶子黑, 自己不觉得。( 乌鸦说猪黑, 自己不觉得。)
A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in.
社会会壮大是因为老种树，但他们知道自己没有机会乘凉。（前人种树，后人乘凉。）
Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches.
只有穿鞋的人知道鞋子哪里挤。（如人饮水，冷暖自知。）
A silent mouth is melodious.
沉默的嘴巴最动听。（沉默是金。）
A ragged coat may cover an honest man.
正直的人可能穿着破旧的外衣。（人不可貌相。）
This kind of translation is explicit. First the proverbs are just translated by literal translation so that we can understand the literal meaning. Then there will be another version of translation to explain in order to make readers know that there are counterparts under the reader’s cognitive environment that express the same meaning. Then it is easy to understand the connotative meaning the proverbs try to transmit.
If the original author’s cognitive environment is different from the reader’s, and the author’s using the proverbs is just to let the reader know the proverbs’ meaning, while the reader’s expectation is just want to know the proverbs’ meaning, then translators can translate the proverbs by free translation or
translate the proverbs by using other proverbs with the same meaning.
eg. 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
Two heads are better than one.
烂麻搓成绳，也能拉千斤。
Many straws may bind an elephant.
班门弄虎。
Try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
While there is life, there is hope.
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
A bride in hand betrays mischief at heart.
礼多必诈。
A word spoken is past recalling.
一言既出，驷马难追。
A crow is never the whiter for washing herself often.
江山易改，本性难改。
These eight proverbs are so succinct in words and neat in sentence structures. This kind of translation is just to find the counterparts of the reader’s cognitive environment. They are no longer the literal meaning of the original proverbs. From the translation of the proverbs, we can see that they all strive for rhythm and antithesis and they are spoken fluent and sounded melodious.
5.2 Application of Situational Environment
There are two situations about translate of proverbs applied of situational environment. First is
that one proverb has different versions of translation; second is that different kinds of proverbs appear in different situation express the same meaning.
eg. One stone kills two birds.
一石二鸟。
一举两得。
一箭双雕。
After a storm comes a calm.
雨过天晴。
否极泰来。
苦尽甘来。
Go to bed with the lamb, and rise with the lark.
随羔羊一同入眠，跟云雀一起起床。
日出而作，日落而息。
早睡早起。
否极泰来。
Behind bad luck comes good luck.
After night comes day, and after bad times comes good.
After rain comes sunshine.
After a storm comes a calm.
After black clods, clear weather.
江山易改本性难移。
A crow is never the whiter for washing herself often.
A fox may grow gray, but never good.
名人名言的英文翻译
名人名言的英文翻译 【篇一：名人名言的英文翻译】 1、genius only means hard-working all ones life. (mendeleyev russian chemist) 天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。（俄国化学家门捷列耶夫） 2、the man who has made up his mind to win will never say impossible . (bonaparte napoleon ,french emperor ) 凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说不可能的。( 法国皇帝拿破仑. b.) 3、there is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power. (balzac) 没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。（巴尔扎克） 4、cease to struggle and you cease to live.（thomas carlyle）生命不止，奋斗不息。（卡莱尔） 5、a strong man will struggle with the storms of fate.(thomas addison) 强者能同命运的风暴抗争。（爱迪生） 6、living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.（john ruskin） 生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。（罗斯金） 7、live a noble and honest life. reviving past times in your old age will help you to enjoy your life again.
中国谚语翻译总汇 1．见机行事。Act according to circumstances. 2．兵不厌诈。All is fair in war. 3．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。As long as the green hills last, there'll always be wood to burn. - 4．种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。As you sow, so shall you reap. 5．不问就听不到假话。Ask no questions and be told no lies. 6．情人眼里出西施。Beauty lies in lover's eye 7．血浓于水。Blood is thicker than water. 8．海内存知己，天涯若比邻。A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near 9．简洁是智慧的灵魂。Brevity is the soul of wit. 10．公事公办。Business is business. 11．车到山前必有路。The cart will find its way round the hill ，when it gets there. 12．巧妇难为无米之炊。he cleverest housewife cannot cook a meal without rice. 13．笨鸟先飞。Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 14．精诚所至，金石为开。Complete sincerity can affect even metal and stone. 15．置之死地而后生。Confront a person with the danger of death and he will fight to live. 16．滴水穿石。Constant dripping wears away the stone. 17．习惯成自然。Custom is a second nature. 18．以其人之道，还治其人之身。Deal with a man as he deals with you. 19．血债要用血来还。Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 20．隔行如隔山。Different trades are separated as by mountains. 21．一回生，二回熟。Different the first time, easy the second. 22．早动手，早收获。Early sow, early mow. 23．者千虑，必有一失。Even the wise are not free from error. 24．吃一堑，长一智。Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience. 25．国家兴亡，匹夫有责。Every man has a share of responsibility for the fate of his country. 26．每一个人都有美中不足的地方。Every man has the defects of his own virtues. 27．人各有所好。Every man to his taste 28．行行出状元。Every profession produces its own leading authority. 29．仁者见仁，智者见智。Everyone thinks in his way. 30．切莫错过良机。Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 31．凡事总有一个开头。Everything must have a beginning. 32．身教胜于言教。Example is better than precept. 33．经验是智慧之母Experience is the mother of wisdom. 34．经验是愚者之师。Experience is the teacher of fools. 35．乐极生悲。Extreme joy begets sorrow. 36．以眼还眼，以牙还牙。An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. 37．心有余而力不足（贪多嚼不烂）。The eye is bigger than the belly. 38．吃一堑，长一智。A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 39．人怕出名猪怕壮。Fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs. 40．少说为佳。Few words are best. 41．寡不敌众。A few are no match for the many. 42．水火无情。Fire and water have no mercy.
中国谚语英文翻译锦集⑴Ｐut the cart before the horse. 本末颠倒。 ⑵Ｐenny wise， pound foolish. 贪小便宜吃大亏。 ⑶Ｏbservation is the best teacher. 观察是最好的教师。 ⑷Ｐleasure comes through toil. 苦尽甘来。 ⑸Ｏld sin makes new shame. 一失足成千古恨。 ⑹Ｓeeing is believing. 眼见为实。 ⑺Ｏut of office， out of danger. 无官一身轻。 ⑻Ｏne‘s words reflect one’s thinking. 言为心声。 ⑼Ｓeek the truth from facts. 实事求是。 ⑽Ｐromise is debt. 一诺千金。
⑾Ｒome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 ⑿Ｐrefer loss to unjust gain. 宁可吃亏，不贪便宜。 1⑶Ｒeading enriches the mind. 开卷有益。 1⑷Ｏld friends and old wines are best. 陈酒味醇，老友情深。 1⑸Ｐroverbs are the daughters of daily experience. 谚语是日常经验的结晶。 1⑹Ｐride goes before， and shame comes after. 骄傲使人落后。 1⑺Ｓhort accounts make long friends. 好朋友勤算账。 1⑻Ｏne swallow does not make a summ. 一燕不成夏。 1⑼Ｏne eyewitness is better than ten hearsays. 百闻不如一见。 20、Ｐour water into a sieve. 竹篮子打水一场空。 2⑴Ｓet a thief to catch a thief. 以贼捉贼。
中文常用谚语翻译
English Idioms and Proverbs 1.No sweet without sweat. 没有耕耘就没有收获 2.One is as old as one’s heart.心有多老人有多老 3.Time heals all sorrows. 时间治愈一切创伤 4.Many hands make light work. 人多力量大 5. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下 6.Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪 7.As poor as a church mouse.一贫如洗 8. A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口 9.Clothes make the man.人靠衣装, 佛靠金装 10.Clothes don’t make the man.不能以貌取人 11.Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁 12.Look before you leap.三思而后行 13.To teach a fish how to swim.班门弄斧 14.Self-trust is the first secret of success.自信是成功的秘诀 15.Better late than never.迟做总比不做好 16.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助 17.Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌 18.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功 19.Like father , Like son.有其父必有其子 20.Well begun, half done好的开端,成功的一半 21.Every cloud has a silver lining否极泰来
无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots 无中生有make/create something out of nothing 无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There\\\'s no smoke without fire. 徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off 心想事成May all your wish come true 心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding 先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched. 先下手为强catch the ball before the bound 像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan 现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example 息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters 喜忧参半mingled hope and fear 循序渐进step by step 一路平安，一路顺风speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest 严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others 鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey 有情人终成眷属"Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well." 有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks. 有识之士people of vision 有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain 有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination. 与时俱进advance with times 以人为本people oriented; people foremost 因材施教teach students according to their aptitude 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼"to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight."
和中文表达神同步英文谚语 1. 血浓于水 Blood is thicker than water. 血比水浓。这样简单直白的翻译，是不是很容易背诵? 2. 有钱任性 Have money to burn. 有钱到把钱当纸烧，恐怕也只有国民老公才能这么任性吧~ 3. 花钱如流水 Spend money like water. 不管是上面的“任性”，还是这一条的“流水”，都好想试试啊! 4. 拒之门外 Shut / slam the door in somebody's face. 把门摔在某人脸上，“拒绝”的意味很明显了~ 5. 隔墙有耳 Walls have ears. 墙上长了耳朵，当然就是“隔墙有耳”，也就是有人正在偷听啦~ 6. >>>三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮<< Two heads are better than one. 两个脑袋比一个好。虽然没有翻译出人名，但和中文谚语意思也是很接近了 7. >>>绞尽脑汁<<< Rack your brain(s) rack有“榨取”的意思，和中文“绞尽脑汁”高度同步~ 8. >>>光阴一去不复返<<< No one can call back yesterday. 很打击穿越党的一句话吧?没人能回到昨天，时光总是去而不返，珍惜每个当下吧! 9. >>>老王卖瓜自卖自夸<<<
Every cook praises his own broth. broth有肉汤的意思，这句话是说“每个厨师都会夸赞自己的汤”，是不是和“卖瓜”的“老王”动机一模一样呢? 10. >>>没有不带刺的玫瑰<<< No rose without a thorn. 还记得深情的小王子吗? It is the time you have wasted for your rose that makes your rose so important. 你在你的玫瑰花身上耗费的时间使得你的玫瑰花变得如此重要。 11. >>>班门弄斧<<< Teach fish to swim. 教一条鱼怎么去游泳?这不就是“班门弄斧”嘛~ 12. >>>有钱能使鬼推磨<<< Money talks. 13. >>>没金钱，就没爱情<<< No money, no honey. 呃，这个价值观我们不做评价，但这个中英文的同步性真心是神级了~ 14. >>>相思病无药可治<<< No herb will cure love. 很美的一句谚语，可以直接拿去表白了~ 15. >>>夜莺困笼不唱歌<<< Nightingales will not sing in a cage. 不自由，毋宁死。 Give me liberty or give me death. 山中无老虎，猴子称大王。When the cat is away, the mice will play. 坏事传千里。Bad news has wings.
1. 人山人海：a (the) sea of faces 2、家家有本难念的经：Many families have skeletons in the closet.（许多家庭的衣柜里都有骨骸，骨骸就是指家丑。）”；或者说：“Every family has its own source of shame.（每个家庭都有自己的丑事）”；说白些，就是：“Every family has its own problem.” 3、天下无不散的宴席：All good things come to an end.（意思是：所有好的事情，总有结束的一天。）”；假如是指好友最后也有分别的一天，那么可以说：“Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart.（bosom friend是指知心的好友）” 4、平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚：Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity.（要每天敬拜神，不是只在困难时。）；也可以说：“If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming.（如果你每天用功，考试就不会形成压力。）” 5、挂羊头，卖狗肉：He applied bait-and-switch factics in business.（他经商的策略是先引诱顾客来，再改变货物的品质。），“Bait-and-switch”当名词用，也可不用连字号“This store uses bait and switch policy.或“Say one thing and do another.” 6、一言既出，驷马难追：A word once let go cannot be recalled.或者You can not take back what you have said.（你说出的话，就不能再收回来。） 7、祸从口出，言多必失：Careless talk leads to trouble.（不小心说话，会带来麻烦）或“The less said the better.（说的愈少愈好）”甚至也可以说：“Shut the mouth and open the eyes.（闭嘴少说，张眼多看。）”
80句中文谚语的英文翻译，简直太美了！ 01. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 02. A common danger causes common action. 同舟共济。 03. A contented mind is a continual/perpetual feast. 知足常乐。 04. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 05. A guest should suit the convenience of the host. 客随主便。 06. A letter from home is a priceless treasure. 家书抵万金。 07. All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。 08. All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失，时不再来。 09. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一日一个苹果，身体健康不求医。 10. As heroes think, so thought Bruce. 英雄所见略同。 11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 12. Behind the mountains there are people to be found. 天外有天，山外有山。 13. Bad luck often brings good luck. 塞翁失马，安知非福。 14. Bread is the stall of life. 面包是生命的支柱（民以食为天）。 15. Business is business. 公事公办。 16. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 笨鸟先飞。 17. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪。 18. Custom makes all things easy. 习惯成自然。 19. Desire has no rest. 人的欲望无止境。 20. Difficult the first time, easy the second. 一回生，二回熟。 21. Do not change horses in mid-stream. 别在河流中间换马。 22. Do not have too many irons in the fire. 贪多嚼不烂。 23. Do not pull all your eggs in one basket. 别把所有的蛋都放在一个篮子里。（不要孤注一掷。） 24. Do not teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。 25. East or west, home is the best. 东奔西跑，还是家里好。 26. Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。 27. Fact is stranger than fiction. 事实比虚构更离奇。（大千世界，无奇不有。）
经典英文谚语大全带翻译 英文谚语大全带翻译第一部分 1、A little of everything, and nothing at all. 样样皆通，样样稀松。 2、A picture is a poem without words. 画为无言诗。 3、A word spoken cannot be recalled. 谚语是一个民族生产、生活智慧的沉淀与结晶,是一个民族语言与文化的精华。以下是由为大家推荐的英文谚语大全，欢迎大家学习参考。 一言说出，难以收回。 4、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果，医生不来找我。 5、A man is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 6、A little labour, much health. 常常走动，无病无痛。 7、A bad custom is like a good cake, better broken than kept. 蛋糕莫保留，坏习气要除掉。 8、A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 她太喜爱这个娃娃了，所以对它观察得很细致。她是按这样的顺序来观察并描写的：蓝天→星星→月亮→小男孩和小女孩→可爱的小花猫。写一个静物比较容易，要把静物写得生动而又具体就不那么容易了。周智莹小朋友恰恰做到了这一点：她不仅写了这个静物各部分的颜色、大孝样子，还写出了小男孩和小女孩的服饰和姿态，最后还写出了自己的联想，字里行间流露出对爸爸送给自己的这份礼物的喜爱之情。 人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有阳光。
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English Idioms and Proverbs 1.No sweet without sweat。没有耕耘就没有收获 2.One is as old as one’s heart. 心有多老人有多老 3.Time heals all sorrows.时间治愈一切创伤 4.Many hands make light work。人多力量大 5. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足 下 6.Where there is smoke, there is fire。无风不起浪 7.As poor as a church mouse。一贫如洗 8. A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口 9.Clothes make the man。人靠衣装, 佛靠金装 10.Clothes don’t make the man。不能以貌取人 11.Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁 12.Look before you leap.三思而后行 13.To teach a fish how to swim。班门弄斧 14.Self—trust is the first secret of success。自信是成功的秘诀 15.Better late than never.迟做总比不做好 16.God helps those who help themselves。自助者天助 17.Love me, love my dog。爱屋及乌 18.Rome was not built in a day。伟业非一日之功 19.Like father ， Like son.有其父必有其子 20.Well begun, half done好的开端，成功的一半 21.Every cloud has a silver lining否极泰来 22.Where there is a will， there is a way.有志者事竟成 23.Haste makes waste.欲速则不达 24.All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马 25.Time and tide waits for no man岁月不等人
?Nothing is so certain as the unexpected. 天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。 ?Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. ?世上无难事，只怕有心人。 ?You can’t make something out of nothing. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 ?Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 ?Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 ?Habit is a second nature. 习惯成自然。 ?A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口，忠言逆耳。 ?A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真友。 ?A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 ?Every man has his faults. 人都有缺点。 ?Even the best of friends must part. 天下无不散的宴席。
?Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。 ?Give everyone his due. 一视同仁。 ?Practice is better than percept. 身教重于言教。 ?Beauty is but skin-deep. 美丽只是外表罢了 ?First impressions are half the battle. 先入为主。 ?Score twice before you cut once. 三思而后行。 ?Brevity is the soul of wit. 言以简洁为贵 ?Fact is stranger than fiction. 大千世界，无奇不有。 ?No fire without smoke. 无风不起浪。 ?Bread is the staff of life. 民以食为天。 ?An uncut gem does not sparkle. 玉不琢，不成器。 ?So said, so done. 说到做到。言出必行。 ?Behind the mountains there are people to be found.天外有天，山外 有山。 ?Faith moves mountains. 精诚所至，金石为开。
汉语的表现力十分丰富, 我国民间的俗语也很生动且富有哲理, 其中有的也大量应用于文章中. 同外国人交谈中, 适当地运用一些俗语, 既增加说服力, 又使谈话妙趣横生, 众人愉悦. 有些汉语俗语, 在法语中也可找到意思几乎完全对应的谚语, 当然只是有的所用比喻对象不同而已. 这里笔者把自己常用的一些谚语成语译出和辑录如下, 和同行交流切磋. -- 起个大早, 赶个晚集S’être levé t?t pour aller tard au marché. -- 抢别人的饭碗(吃过了地界) Bouffer dans la gamelle d’autrui. -- 知足者常乐Heureux celui à qui suffit ce qu’il possède. -- 半推半就Se laisser faire une douce violence. -- 藕断丝连Le lotus cassé, il en reste des filamants. -- 人是铁, 饭是钢. (法语字典句) : La soupe fait le soldat. -- 隔手的金子不如在手的铜Ne pas lacher la proie pour l’ombre. ( 或法语谚语 : Un tient vaut mieux que deux tu l’auras.) -- 自古英雄出少年Le talent n’attend pas le nombre des années. -- 大水冲了龙王庙Les inondations ont même atteint le temple du Roi du Dragon. -- 跳到黄河洗不清S’étant jeté dans le fleuve Jaune, il est difficile de se laver propre. -- 横挑鼻子竖挑眼Pointiller sans raisons valables. -- 绑住了能挨打On supporte tant bien que mal la torture quand on a les mains ligotées. (或法语句 : A la guerre comme à la guerre.) -- 请神容易送神难Facile de faire venir chez soi une personne, mais difficile de la congédier. -- 做席容易请客难Il est facile de préparer un d?ner, mais difficile d’avoir des invités. -- 客走主人安L’h?te de la maison n’aura plus de souci qu’après le départ des invités. -- 寡妇门前是非多Souvent, une veuve fait l’objet des qu’en-dira-t-on. -- 五百年前是一家On était de la même famille il y a 500 ans. -- 一笔写不出俩(李)字D’une seule plume, on écrit pas un autre nom de famille que le n?tre. -- 一家人不说二话On ne tient pas un autre langage du momemt qu’on se sent proche. -- 强龙不压地头蛇Un homme puissant mais étranger ne l’emporte pas sur celui du terroir. -- 给自己脸上贴金Se faire dorer la figure. ( Se dit de quelqu’un qui s’attribue une qualité ou un honneur qu’il ne mérite pas.) -- 打肿脸充胖子Se faire des enflures aux joues et passer pour un gros. ( Se dit de quelqu’un qui fait une chose dont il n’en a pas la capacité.)
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩 Money can’t buy time. 寸金难买寸光阴 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 The visitor arrives, it is as if returning home.宾至如归。 A good beginning is half the battle.良好的开端成功的一半。To teach is to learn.教学相长。 Like father,like son.有其父，必有其子。 Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败。 Fish in trouble water.混水摸鱼。 Business is business.公事公办。 The style is the man.文入其人。 More haste,less speed.欲速则不达。 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 Misfortunes never come alone. 祸不单行。 Hedges have eyes,walls have ears.隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳。Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。Time and tide wait for no man.时不待我/岁月无情。 A young idlder,an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。Out of office,out of danger.无官一身轻。 In time of peace prepare for war.居安思危。
常见的谚语翻译 一桶水摇不响，半桶水响叮当 Still water runs deep.（静水深不可测） 也可以说：He who knows the most says the least.（懂得越多的人，反而说得越少。） 水落石出 老外的说法是：All secrets may eventually come to light. (所有秘密最后总会曝光。) 这山望到那山高 有人译成：The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.（意思是：墙那边的苹果最甜）The grass always looks greener on the other side.（另一边的草，看来总是绿些。） 烈火炼真金，患难见真情 Fire is the test of gold；adversity is the test of friendship. Liquor brings out a person’s true color.（烈酒能显示一个人真正的特色。） By a long road, we know a horse’s strength；at times of difficulty, we discover a friend’s true character. 雷声大，雨点小 Actions speak louder than words. (行动胜于言谈) All we hear is words, but there is no action. （只动嘴不动手）。 Actions and words should go hand in hand. (言行必须一致) An empty barrel makes the biggest sound.（空洞的话说得太多了。） 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 A man can not be known by his look, nor can the ocean be measured by a dipper. A man can not be judged by his appearance, nor can the water in the sea be measured by a bucket. We can not judge a person by appearance only. You can not judge a book by its cover. 口蜜腹剑，笑里藏刀 with honey on one’s lip and murder in one’s heart honey-mouthed but dagger-hearted. He is an evil man who has a mouth that praises and a hand that kills. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲 Study hard when you are young. It will pay off when you get older. (年轻时好好努力，到老的时就会觉得学有所值。) 学如行舟，不进则退 Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back. Learning seems like rowing upstream; if one does not advance, one will fall back. Learning is like rowing against the current, if one does not advance, one will retreat. 忠言逆耳，良药苦口
中文谚语的英文翻译 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1514407132.html,/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=740409中文谚语英语翻译 1．见机行事。 2．兵不厌诈。 3．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 4．种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 5．不问就听不到假话。 6．情人眼里出西施。 7．血浓于水。 8．海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 9．简洁是智慧的灵魂。 10．公事公办。 11．车到山前必有路。 12．巧妇难为无米之炊。 13．笨鸟先飞。 14．精诚所至，金石为开。 15．置之死地而后生。 16．滴水穿石。 17．习惯成自然。 18．以其人之道，还治其人之身。19．血债要用血来还。 20．隔行如隔山。 21．一回生，二回熟。 22．早动手，早收获。 23．者千虑，必有一失。 24．吃一堑，长一智。 25．国家兴亡，匹夫有责。 26．每一个人都有美中不足的地方。27．人各有所好。 28．行行出状元。 29．仁者见仁，智者见智。 30．切莫错过良机。 31．凡事总有一个开头。 32．身教胜于言教。 33．经验是智慧之母。 34．经验是愚者之师。 35．乐极生悲。 36．以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 37．心有余而力不足（贪多嚼不烂）。38．吃一堑，长一智。 39．人怕出名猪怕壮。 40．少说为佳。 41．寡不敌众。1. Act according to circumstances. 2. All is fair in war. 3. As long as the green hills last, there'll always be wood to burn. 4. As you sow, so shall you reap. 5. Ask no questions and be told no lies. 6. Beauty lies in lover's eye. 7. Blood is thicker than water. 8. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 9. Brevity is the soul of wit. 10. Business is business. 11. The cart will find its way round the hill when it gets there. 12. he cleverest housewife cannot cook a meal without rice. 13. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 14. Complete sincerity can affect even metal and stone. 15. Confront a person with the danger of death and he will fight to live. 16. Constant dripping wears away the stone. 17. Custom is a second nature. 18. Deal with a man as he deals with you. 19. Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 20. Different trades are separated as by mountains. 21. Different the first time, easy the second. 22. Early sow, early mow. 23. Even the wise are not free from error. 24. Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience. 25. Every man has a share of responsibility for the fate of his country. 26．Every man has the defects of his own virtues. 27．Every man to his taste. 28．Every profession produces its own leading authority. 29．Everyone thinks in his way. 30．Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 31．Everything must have a beginning. 32．Example is better than precept. 33．Experience is the mother of wisdom. 34．Experience is the teacher of fools. 35．Extreme joy begets sorrow. 36．An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. 37．The eye is bigger than the belly. 38．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 39．Fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs. 40．Few words are best. 41．A few are no match for the many.