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模联常用词汇

模联常用词汇
模联常用词汇

模拟联合国词典

按英文字母排序:A|B|C|D|F|G|H|I|L|M|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|Y

A

Abstain 弃权

During a vote on a substantive matter, a delegate may abstain rather than vote yes or no. This means that the delegate neither supports no r opposes the resolution on the go.

在一个关于实体性问题的投票中,代表除了可以选择“是”或者“否”,还可以选择“弃权”。这意味着此代表既不支持也不反对正在进行投票表决的决议。Agenda 议程

Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usuall y being set after the roll call.

点名完毕后,委员会所设定的议题讨论顺序。

Amendment 修正案

Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft resolution. The two types of amendments are friendly amendment and unfriendly amendment. 修正案是用来对正在讨论的决议草案提出修改意见的文件。修正案分为两种:友好修正案与非友好修正案。

B

Background Guide 背景指导

A background guide is a research report of topics on the conference w ritten by the dais and distributed to the delegates before the confer ence.

背景指导是一份关于会议即将讨论议题的调研报告,一般由会议主席团撰写,并在会前分发给各国代表。

Bloc 国家集团

A bloc is a group of countries within a same geographical region or h olding similar country positions on a particular topic. The determini ng factor in forming a bloc is sharing the common national interests 一组处于同一地理区域或者就某一议题有类似观点的国家。组成国家集团的决定性因素是具有共同的国家利益。

C

Caucus 磋商

Caucus is a form of discussion in formal debate, in which delegates m ay discuss a subtopic more specifically. There are two types of caucu s: moderated caucus and un-moderated caucus.

磋商是正式辩论过程中一种深入讨论议题的方式。磋商分为两种类型:有主持核心磋商和自由磋商。

Chair 主席

Chair is a member of the dais who is responsible for moderating debat

e, timing, ruling on points and motions, and imposing the rules of pr ocedure.

主席是负责主持辩论、计时、裁决问题及动议,并执行会议流程的主席团成员。

Committee 委员会

A committee is a deliberative assembly, an organization comprising me mbers who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions. In Model UN conference, committees are usually the simulations of principal or gans, subsidiary bodies, programs, funds, research and training insti tutes, special organizations, entities or regional commissions of UN system. Delegates discuss relevant topics and resolutions according t o the given functions, powers, and rules of procedure of the committe es. “委员会”是一个协商会议,一个由代表组成,按议事程序讨论议题并做出决策的有序组织。模拟联合国会议中的委员会大多模仿联合国主要机构、附属机构、规划署、基金会、调研及培训机构、特殊组织、实体和区域委员会建立。代表需依据所在委员会的职权范围和议事规则讨论相关议题。

Crisis 危机

"Crisis", to which delegates must respond immediately, is an emergent matter or unexpected event that happens during a conference. Usually designed by the dais before the conference, a crisis may be related to the topic being discussed on the floor. The forms of crisis includ e news report, official document from international organizations, vi deo profile, or directive from embassies or governments.

危机是会议进行当中,各国代表需要立即处理的突发性事件。模联会议中的危机一般由主席团在会前设置好,事件可能与代表们讨论的议题相关。事件的形式有若干种,可能是突发事件的新闻报道,可能是国际组织的文件,可能是相关人员的视频资料,也可能是外交官派出国政府发来的外交指令等。

D

Dais 主席团

Usually consisted of a Chair, a Director and a Rapporteur, a dais is a group of people in charge of a Model UN conference.

主席团由主席、会议总监和主席助理组成,负责组织模拟联合国的会议。

Delegate 代表

Representing an UN Member State, an observer or an international orga nization, delegate is a person chosen or elected to express views in a Model UN conference.

代表是模拟联合国会议中受委托或指派表达意见的人,可以代表一个联合国成员国,一个观察国,或一个国际组织。

Delegation 代表团

Delegation is a group of delegates representing the same UN Member St

ate, an observer or an international organization in a Model UN confe rence. Delegation is also used to describe the delegates from the sam e participating group, e.g. the same high school or college.

代表团是指模联会议中,在不同委员会代表同一个成员国或观察国的全体代表。代表团也指来自同一参与团体的所有代表,例如来自同一高中或大学的全体代表。

Director 会议总监

Director is a member of the dais who is in charge of overseeing deleg ates' role-playing, document writing and topic researching.

会议总监是负责监督代表角色扮演、文件写作及议题调研的主席团成员。

Draft Resolution 决议草案

Written by the delegates, draft resolution is a form of document that seeks to solve the issues addressed by a Model UN committee. If pass ed by the committee, the draft resolution will become a resolution. O nly one draft resolution will be passed for each topic in a committee.

决议草案是由代表草拟、为委员会所讨论的议题寻求解决方案的一种文件格式。如果被投票通过,那么决议草案就成为正式决议。在一个委员会中,有关同一个议题的决议草案只能通过一份。

Draft Directive 指令草案

Draft directive is a form of document that aims at successfully solvi ng the crisis. A draft directive is only composed by operative clause s. The actions taken under the directive need to be instant and effec tive instead of long-term. Amandments are welcome to a draft directiv e, of which the unfriendly ones shall be passed after votes.

指令草案是针对危机处理的文件。指令草案的表决通过标志着危机的成功解决。指令草案由行动性条款构成。指令草案的行动措施要立即、有效,避免长远规划。代表可以对指令草案提出修正案,其中,非友好修正案也需要表决。

F

Faculty Advisor 指导教师

Faculty Advisor is a teacher or faculty responsible for advising stud ents to run a Model UN club and training a delegation.

指导教师是负责指导学生运营模拟联合国社团并训练模联代表团的教学人员。

Flow of the Debate 会议流程

Flow of debate is the order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference.

会议流程是模联会议中事件进行的顺序。

Formal Debate 正式辩论

The standard type of debate at a Model UN conference, in which delega tes speak for a certain period of time in the order based on the spea kers' list.

在一个模联会议中标准形式的讨论。代表按照发言名单确定的顺序在规定时间内进行演讲。

Friendly Amendment 友好修正案

A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all spo nsors agree with. After the amendment signed by all of the draft reso lution's sponsors and approved by the committee director or president, it will be automatically incorporated into the resolution.

友好修正案是原决议草案全部起草国均赞成的对决议草案内容的改动。在全部起草国签字同意后,一份修正案便成为友好修正案,并自动被加入到原决议草案中。

I

In favor of 支持

In favor is to agree to pass a motion. There must be over half of the delegates in favor of a motion in order to pass it.

即支持该动议通过。当超过半数的与会代表支持该动议通过,主席团才能予以执行。

L

Lobbying 游说

Lobbying is a form of advocacy with the intention of influencing deci sions made by other delegates during a conference.

游说是一种通过陈述观点来影响会场内他国代表意见的行为。

M

Member State 成员国

A country that has ratified the Charter of the United Nations and who se application to join has been accepted by the General Assembly and Security Council. Currently, there are 192 member states. The only in ternationally recognized state that is not a member state is the Holy See.

一个批准了联合国宪章、并且加入申请已经被联合国大会和安理会接受的国家。目前联合国一共有192个成员国。唯一一个国际承认的非成员国家是教廷梵蒂冈。

Moderated Caucus 有主持核心磋商

A type of caucus with a specific topic and restricted total time, mod erated Caucus enables delegates to focus on detailed problems in a sh ort period of time.

一种有特定主题、限总发言时间的磋商形式。有主持核心磋商可以让代表在短时间内关注更为具体的问题。

Motion 动议

A suggestion made by a delegate to change the current process. A moti on might refer to a caucus, an adjournment, an introduction to a draf t resolution, or closing the debate.

由代表提出的改变现有会议进程的建议,需要全体代表投票表决。这些动议的内容可以是进行磋商、休会、介绍决议草案或者进入投票阶段。

Motion to Close Debate 动议停止辩论

A motion to close debate is not the same as the motion to suspend mee ting. Rather, it is used to move the committee to a vote, usually whe n the delegate has made his or her country's position clear and there are enough and fully discussed draft resolutions on the floor.

动议结束辩论与动议暂停会议有所不同。当结束辩论的动议生效后,会议将进入投票阶段。此动议一般在代表认为立场已经得到充分阐述,且决议草案已较为完善的情况下提出。

Motion for a Moderated Caucus 动议有主持核心磋商动议

Delegates make a motion for a moderated caucus in order to set a disc ussion on a specific topic. To motion for a moderated caucus, delegat es are required to propose topic, total time and the speaking time fo r each delegate.

代表通过动议有主持核心磋商来进行议题的深入讨论。有主持核心磋商讨论的主题、总时间、各代表发言时间由提出此动议的代表提出。

Motion to Set Speaking Time 动议更改发言时间

Delegates propose a motion to set the speaking time for the purpose o f setting or changing the amount of time each delegate has to speak i n the speakers' list.

代表可以通过动议更改发言时间,来重置每位代表在发言名单中的发言时间。Motion to Suspend the Meeting 动议暂停会议

Delegates propose a motion to suspend the meeting for the purpose of ending a session and having a break.

代表动议暂停会议可以结束会议的一个阶段,并使会议进入休息时间。

Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus 动议自由磋商

A motion for an unmoderated caucus is usually proposed under the purp ose to set a free discussion so that the delegates can exchange ideas with other delegates in your bloc. Delegates need to set the total t ime for an unmoderated caucus in the motion.

提出自由磋商动议的代表需要规定时间。一旦动议获得通过,在规定时间内代表可以离开座位,更为密切地和盟友们交换意见。

MUNer 模联人

People who have participated or are participating in Model UN activit y.

曾经参与过或正在参与模拟联合国活动的人。

O

Observer 观察员

An observer is a state, national organization, regional organization, or non-governmental organization that is not a member of the UN nor a member of a specific committee, but participates in the debates. Ob servers can vote on procedural matters but not substantive matters, e.

g. the Holy See or the State of Israel participating in the Security Council meeting regarding Israel-Palestine conflict.

一个不是联合国成员或某特定委员会成员的国家、政府组织、区域组织或者非政府组织。国家观察员可以对程序性问题投票,但是不能对实体性问题进行投票。例如教廷梵蒂冈和参与安全理事会巴以问题讨论的以色列。

On the floor 被讨论状态

At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not be discussed in debate. After it is approv ed by the Director and introduced by the committee, it is put "on the floor" and may be further discussed.

在模联会议中,一份工作文件或者决议草案刚刚完成的时候不能够被讨论。只有在得到会议指导的认可并且被委员会介绍后,它才进入“被讨论状态”进而可以被广泛讨论。

Operative Clause 行动性条款

Operative clause is a part of a resolution which describes how the UN will address a problem. The clauses are written with verbs in third person singular form as beginning (e.g. decides, establishes, recomme nds, etc.).

决议中描述联合国将如何解决问题的部分,以动词第三人称单数(比如决定,成立,建议等等)开头。

P

Page 意向条

In order to maintain the order of the conference, a delegate should w rite notes on pages to ask questions, lobby or negotiate with other d elegates or a dais member during a session. Pages should be written i n the official working language of the committee.

为了维持会场秩序,开会期间代表如有任何问题或者需要进行游说、沟通,都要通过书写并传递意向条的方式向其他代表或主席团成员表达。意向条的书写需要符合该委员会的工作语言要求。

Pager 意向条传递者

A delegate in a Model UN committee that has volunteered to pass pages from one delegate to another, or from a delegate to the dais, for a short period of time.

委员会中志愿在代表间或者代表与主席团之间暂时传递意向条的代表。Parliamentary Procedure 议会议事程序

Parliamentary procedure is based on the consideration of the rights: of the majority, of the minority, of individual members, of absentee members, of all of these groups taken together.

基于平衡原则,为保护各种人和人群的权利(包括意见占多数的人,意见占少数的人,甚至是每一个人,以及没有出席会议的人)而制定出的议事规则,即为议会议事程序。

Placard 国家牌

A piece of cardstock with a country's name on it that a delegate rais es in the air to answer the roll call or signal to the Chair that he or she wishes to speak.

一块写着国家名称的硬纸板,代表举起它回应点名或向主席示意希望发言。

Point 问题

A request raised by a delegate for information or for an action relat ing to that delegate. Examples include a point of order, a point of i nquiry, and a point of personal privilege.

代表提出的关于信息或者相关行动的要求。包括程序性问题、询问性问题和个人权利问题。

P

oint of Order组织性问题

A point of order is used when a delegate believes the chair has made an error in the running of the committee. The delegate should only sp ecify the errors they believe were made in the formal committee proce dure, but may not address when the topic being discussed.

当代表认为主席在主持会议中产生错误时,可提出组织性问题,以纠正主席错误。代表需要明晰该错误为何不符合该委员会的规则流程。组织性问题可以打断进程提出,但不能在讨论议题时提出。

Point of Inquiry咨询性问题

A point of inquiry (also known as a point of parliamentary procedure) can be made when the floor is open (i.e. when no other delegate is s peaking) in order to ask the chairperson a question regarding the rul es of procedure.

当代表对于会议程序有不明白的地方时,可以在台上没有代表发言时举牌向主席咨询。

Point of Personal Privilege个人特权问题

A delegate may raise a point of personal privilege in order to inform

the chairperson of a physical discomfort he or she is experiencing, such as not being able to hear another delegate's speech.

当代表在会场上感觉有任何身体上的不适时,可以提出个人特权问题,例如:无法听到台上代表讲话。

Position Paper 立场文件

An essay details a country's policies on the topics being discussed i n the committee, usually written and delivered to the dais by delegat es before a Model UN conference.

一份针对委员会即将讨论议题的国家立场阐述文件,需要代表在会前书写完成并提交至主席团。

Preambulatory Clauses 序言性条款

The part of a resolution that describes previous actions taken on the topic and reasons why the resolution is necessary. It begins with a participle or adjective (e.g. noting, concerned, regretting, aware of, recalling, etc.).

决议中描述之前与议题有关的行动以及决议的必要性的部分。一般以分词或者形容词开头。

Present 到/出席

"Present" refers to "in attendance". Delegates who are in presence ar e required to raise up their placards and answer "Present" when their countries' names are called during the roll call. Delegates need to send pages to the dais to inform their attendance if they didn't arri ve at the conference on time. In special committees consisting of del egates with rights to vote and those without, delegates need to annou nce "Present and Voting" or "Present" according to the procedure. “到”即为“出席”。当国家名在点名中被点到时,代表需高举国家牌并回答“到”。如果代表未及时出席,需到场后用意向条告知主席团。在一些特殊的委员会中,只有部分代表有权投票。在此情况下,有权投票的代表在点名中需回答“出席并投票”,其他代表只需回答“到”即可。

Procedural Questions 程序性问题

关于一个委员会运行方式的问题,与和议题相关的问题相反。所有出席会议的代表都必须就程序性问题投票而不能弃权。

Having to do with the way a committee runs, as opposed to the topic b eing discussed. All delegates present must vote on procedural matters and may not abstain.

Q

Quorum 法定人数

The minimum number of delegates needed to be present for a committee to meet. In the General Assembly, a quorum consists of one third of t he members to begin debate, and a majority of members to pass a resol

ution. In the Security Council, no quorum exists for the body to deba te, but more than nine members must be present to pass a resolution. 一个委员会或者会议需要出席的最小代表人数。在联合国大会,开始讨论的法定人数为成员的三分之一,通过决议则需要半数以上。在安理会没有开始讨论的法定人数,但是必须有9个以上成员出席才能通过一个决议。

R

Reporter 主席助理

A member of the dais whose duties include keeping the speakers' list and taking the roll call.

主席团中负责发言名单和点名程序的成员。

Resolution 决议

A document that has been passed by an organ of the UN that aims to ad dress a particular problem or issue. To the UN, a resolution is the e quivalent of a law.

联合国机构通过的用于解决一个特别的问题或争议的文件。在联合国相当于法律。

Right of Reply 答辩权

A right to speak in reply to a previous speaker's comment, invoked wh en a delegate feels personally insulted by another's speech. It gener ally requires a written note to the Chair to be invoked.

回应前面发言人的评论的发言权利,当代表觉得个人受到其他代表发言的羞辱时采用。一般需要给主席一个书面的短签。

Roll Call 点名

Roll call is the first order of business in a Model UN committee, dur ing which the Rapporteur reads aloud the names of each member state i n the committee. When a delegate's country's name is called, he or sh e may respond “present” or “present and voting.” A delegate respo nding “present and voting” may not abstain on a substantive vote. 点名是模联委员会的第一个程序,其间会务报告人会大声读出委员会中每一个成员国的名称。当国家名被叫到的时候,代表需要回答“出席”或者“出席并投票”,回答“出席并投票”的代表在后面的实体性投票中不能弃权。

Roll Call Vote 唱名表决

The special voting procedure to draft resolution is roll call vote. A fter the roll call, delegates may vote for yes, no or abstain on each draft resolution. Each committee will only pass one draft resolution on each topic. Other draft resolutions will not be voted as long as one has been passed.

对决议草案的表决为唱名表决。主席团首先点名确认到场的国家代表,随后被点到国家名的代表需表决赞成、反对或弃权。对于一个议题,一个委员会只能通过

一个决议草案,一旦有一份决议草案获得通过,将不会再对未表决的决议草案进行投票。

Rules of procedure 议事规则

The rules by which a Model UN committee is run.

模拟联合国会议召开所遵循的程序与规则。

S

Second 附议

Second is to agree with a motion being proposed. Many motions must be seconded before they are brought to a vote.

赞同一个被提出的动议。很多动议必须有附议才能投票表决。

Secretariat 秘书处

Secretariat is the organ in charge of conference affairs; normally it consists of Director of Academics, Liaison (Delegate Coordinator), D irector of Logistics, Director of Technology etc.

秘书处又称组委会,主要负责模拟联合国会议的学术及会务组织工作,通常由学术总监、代表联系人、会务总监、技术总监等人员组成。

Secretary General 秘书长

The supreme leader of the Model UN conference, in charge of the secre tariat and dais.

模拟联合国会议的最高负责人,掌控组委会及主席团的各项工作。

Signatory 附议国

A country that wishes a draft resolution to be put on the floor and s igns the draft resolution to accomplish this. A signatory need not su pport a resolution; it only wants it to be discussed. Usually, Model UN conferences require some minimum number of sponsors and signatorie s for a draft resolution to be approved.

希望一份决议草案能够被讨论并且签字支持此行为的国家。附议国并不一定支持此决议,而只是希望能够得到讨论。通常,模联会议对通过一个决议草案有最低起草国和附议国数量的要求。

Simple Majority 简单多数

50% plus one to the number of delegates in a committee. It is the amo unt needed to pass most votes.

委员会中50%加1的代表人数。大多数投票所需要的人数。

Speakers' List 发言名单

A list that determines the order in which delegates will speak. Whene ver a new topic is opened for discussion, the Chair will create a spe akers' list by asking all delegates wishing to speak to raise their p

lacards and calling on them one at a time. During debate, a delegate may indicate that he or she wishes to be added to the speakers' list by sending a note to the dais.

决定代表发言顺序的名单。任何时候只要一个新的议题开始讨论,主席都会要求所有愿意发言的代表举起国家牌,然后以逐一念出国家名的方式建立一个发言名单。在讨论中,代表可以随时向主席团传递意向条要求把自己加入发言名单。

Speaking Time 发言时间

The time of public speaking in formal debate usually refers to the ti me for each delegate in the speakers' list.

正式辩论中的发言时间多指发言名单中每位代表拥有的发言时间。

T

Two Thirds Majority 三分之二多数

A two thirds majority in parliamentary procedure requires at least tw o thirds of the entire membership (as two thirds of those present and voting) vote in favor. This is usually used when the committee is vo ting on draft resolutions or draft directives.

议会议事规则中的三分之二多数是指全体出席及有投票权的代表中的三分之二均投赞成票。三分之二多数一般用于决议草案与指令草案的表决。

U

Unmoderated Caucus 自由磋商

A type of caucus in which delegates leave their seats to mingle and s peak freely. Enables the free sharing of ideas to an extent which is not possible in formal debate or even a moderated caucus. Frequently used to sort countries into blocs and to write working papers and dra ft resolutions.

一种代表可以离开座位自由组合与交谈的磋商形式。使在正式辩论和有主持核心磋商过程中程度上达不到的自由交换意见成为可能。经常在组成国家集团及写作工作文件和决议草案的时候采用。

非友好修正案Unfriendly Amendment

An unfriendly amendment is a change that some or all of the draft res olution's sponsors do not support and must be voted upon by the commi ttee. The author(s) of the amendment will need to obtain a required n umber of signatories in order to introduce it (usually 20 percent of the committee). Prior to voting on the draft resolution, the committe e votes on all unfriendly amendments. The sponsor of the draft resolu tion can not become the sponsor nor signatories to an unfriendly amen dment, while the signatories of the draft resolution may sign it. 如果原决议草案的起草国未就此修正案达成一致性同意意见,该修正案即成为非友好修正案。非友好修正案需要征集到与会代表的20%作为附议国签名,才可以向大会主席提交。原决议草案的起草国不能成为非友好修正案的起草国或附议

国,原决议草案的附议国则可以签署非友好修正案。

V

Veto否决权

The ability, held by China, France, the Russian Federation, the Unite d Kingdom, and the United States to prevent any draft resolution in t he Security Council from passing by voting no.

中国、法国、俄罗斯、英国和美国具有的在安理会中投“否”而阻止决议草案通过的能力。

Vote 投票

A time at which delegates indicate whether they do or do not support a proposed action for the committee. There are two types: procedural and substantive.

代表们表示是否支持或者不支持一个针对委员会提出的行动的时刻。有两种类型:程序性和实体性。

Voting Procedure 投票阶段

The period at the end of a committee session during which delegates v ote on proposed amendments and draft resolutions. Nobody may enter or leave the room during voting procedure.

在委员会会期将要结束时,代表们对提出的修正案和决议草案进行投票的一段时间。在此期间没有人可以进入或者离开。

W

Working Paper 工作文件

A document in which the ideas of some delegates on how to resolve an issue are proposed. Frequently the precursor to a draft resolution. 一份由部分国家代表或某一利益集团提出的关于如何解决问题的想法的文件。通常是一份决议草案的雏形。

Y

Yield 让渡

Speakers shall yield the floor at the end of their speech when the re maining speaking time is over 15 seconds.

正式辩论阶段发言结束所用时间仍有剩余且超过15秒时,代表把剩余时间用作其它事情的行为。

Yield Time to Another Delegate 让渡给他国代表

After the completion of a speakers' list speech, a delegate may yield time to another delegate. This means that with the remaining time in the speech, another delegate will be able to elaborate on the ideas that the first delegate presented. Please note that only one yield ma y be made per speaker on the speakers' list.

让渡国代表和被让渡国代表协商一致后,被让渡国代表可在让渡国代表剩余发言

时间内发言。如时间还有剩余,不得再让渡给另一位代表。

Yield Time to the Chair 让渡给主席

After the completion of a speakers' list speech, a delegate may yield to the chair. This means that the chair will absorb the remaining ti me in the speech (meaning nothing will happen with any time remainin g).

代表将剩余时间让给主席,意味着代表将放弃时间。主席将继续主持会议。Yield Time to Questions 让渡给问题

After the completion of a speakers' list speech, a delegate may yield time to questions. This means that with the remaining time, the chai r will call upon other delegates to ask questions to the delegate tha t is giving the speech. The time taken for a delegate to ask the ques tion will not be counted towards the time remaining in the speech. Pl ease note that the questions asked must pertain to the speech that wa s just given.

代表将剩余时间让渡给问题,主席会请需要提问的代表举牌,并随机点出代表进行提问,发言代表可在剩余时间内回答任何被提出的问题,提问时间不占用剩余时间,提问内容必须与发言者的发言内容有关。

Yield Time to Comments 让渡给评论

If the speaker intends on yielding time to another delegate, he/she s hould be sure that the delegate yielded to will support his/her ideas. After the completion of a speakers' list speech, a delegate may yiel d to comments. This means that within remaining time, the comments ca n be made by any delegate. Note that the comment must pertain to the original speech.

当代表将剩余时间让渡给评论,主席会请需要评论的代表举牌,并随机点出代表进行评论,让发言代表没有权利再一次进行观点的陈述或对评论进行反驳。这种让渡方式有一定风险,因为即使已经与盟国进行沟通,也不能保证主席所点出的进行评论的代表观点与发言代表完全一致。

任务型阅读常用词汇词性转换

任务型阅读常用词汇词性转换 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就 advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵 commit奉献—commitment develop---development disgree—disagreement department 局,部 experiment 实验,试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材 govern 统治—government 政府 manage---management 经营管理 2.V+ tion 结尾 admit 承认—admis sion attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人;令人向往的地方conclude—conclusion 结论 compete—competition 竞争,比赛 discuss—discussion 讨论 educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写,描绘 express 表达----expression 词语;表达方式 graduate 毕业—graduation operate 操作,动手术—operation organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力 introduce—introduction 介绍 instruct—instruction 指导,介绍 invent—inventor / invention invite—invitation pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation impress 给人印象—impression 印象 permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议,暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3.V+ ance 结尾

常用英语单词大全

一、学习用品(school things) pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子book书bag包comic book漫画书post card明信片newspaper报纸schoolbag书包eraser橡皮crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book故事书notebook笔记本Chinese book语文书English book英语书math book数学书magazine杂志dictionary词典 二、身体(body) foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴 三、颜色(colours) red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕 四、动物(animals) cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish 鱼bird鸟eagle鹰beaver海狸snake蛇mouse老鼠squirrel松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴panda熊猫bear熊lion狮子tiger老虎fox狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊cow奶牛donkey驴squid鱿鱼lobster龙虾shark鲨鱼seal海豹sperm whale抹香鲸killer whale虎鲸 五、人物(people) friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲sister姐妹brother 兄弟uncle叔叔;舅舅man男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐lady女士;小姐mom妈妈dad爸爸parents父母grandparents祖父母robot机器人grandma/grandmother(外)祖母grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父aunt姑姑

设计常用英语词汇

Description: 方案:Design, Scheme 初步设计:Primary Design 施工图 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能区 Light 灯具 Droplight 吊灯 吸顶灯 Entrance 入口 Living room 客厅 Sitting room 起居室 Embed light 嵌灯 Dinning room 餐厅 Daylight lamp 日光灯 Kitchen 厨房 Reflect down light 筒灯 Office 书房 Quartz down-light 石英灯Master bedroom 主卧房 Votage track light 射灯 Quest bedroom 客卧 Track light 轨道灯 Children bedroom 儿童房Picture light 镜画灯

Hiding light 暗藏灯管Projection room 视听室Dressing room 更衣室 Wall lamp 壁灯 Storeroom 储藏室 Reading lamp 台灯 Master bathroom 主卫Floor lamp 落地灯Bathroom 卫生间 Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房Staircase 楼梯 Washbowl 洗手台[台盆] Aisle 过道 Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器 Gazebe 阳台 Urinal 小便斗 Garden 花园 Bathtab 浴缸 Swimming pool 游泳池Shower bath 淋浴房Furniture 家具 Wiring 电器设备

模联常用词汇

1. Amendment 修正 2. Badge胸卡. 3. Deprive the right to rote 取消表决权 4. Chair主席 5. Close the debate 结束辩论 6. Director会议指导 7. Delegate 代表 8. Deputy 副代表 9. Head Delegate 代表团团长,领队 10. Faculty Advisor代表团指导 11. Delegation Bloc代表团. 12. Distribution 分发. 13. Document officer 文件分发.人员 14. Drafting committee 起草委员会 15. Draft Resolution 决议草案 16. Draw lots 抽签 17. Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对(简单)多数选出 18. Emergency meeting 紧急会议 19. Enjoy privileges 享受特权 20. Entry into force 开始生效 21. Executive secretary 执行秘书 22. Exercise the right of vote .行使表决权 23. Expert 专家 24. Explain one’s rote 对所.投的票加以说明 25. Extend the term of office 延长任期 26. Extraordinary session 特别会议 27. Fill a vacancy 补缺 28. Final report 最后报告 29. First ballot 第一次投票表决 30. First priority 最优先项目 31. Fix the timetable of the settings 安排各次会议的时间表 32. Foot-note 脚注 33. Gallery 旁听席 34. General committee 总务.委员会 35. General debate 一般性辩论 36. Geographical distribution 按地域分配 37. Give a ruling 作出裁定 38. Give a warning 警告. 39. Give up one’s turn to speak in favour of 把自己的发言机会让给 40. Give up the office t.o chairman 放弃主席的职务 41. Go back upon a vote 重新表决. 42. Governing body 执行机构 43. Hand over the Chair to the Vice-chairman 让副主席担任主席. 44. Have priority 有优先权

英文常用词汇表

accredited 官方认可的;鉴定合格的 advantage 优势; agency 代理处;行销处;经售店 agenda 议事日程;事项 analog 模拟 APEC ( = Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum) Appetize r 开胃食品 Appliances 家用)电器 常用词汇表 (the) Americas 北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的总称 a la carte 照菜单点 菜 abstrac t 摘要, 概 要 academic conference 学术研讨 会 accessory 附属 附 件 accident report 事故报 告 Apparel 衣服;服 装 acknowledge 承认;感谢 ad hoc committee 临时成立的工作委员会 advance funds 预支货款 amplifier 扩音器 animation 动画 亚太经合组织

Application service provider (ASP) 应用软件服务商 Arc light 弧光 Arrival pattern 团队抵达时间 Arrogan t 自大的,傲慢的 Artic le 物品:商品 Artist ic 艺术的;美术的 Assemble 集合,聚集;装 配 Assimilat e 同化;消化;吸收;彻底了解 Assistant stage manager 助理展台经 理 Associated firm 联号 Associatio n 协会 Attendance 观众;出席者,出席人 数 Attendee 参加会议或展览的人;出席 者 Attracti on 景点;引人注意之物 Au lait 加牛奶 Auction 拍卖 Audio conference 电话会议 Audiovisual (AV) 视听设备 Audiovisual aids 视听辅助设备 Authorized signature 授权签字 Automaker 汽车制造 商 Automation 自动化,自动 机

设计师常用英语词汇-[工业设计篇]

设计师常用英语词汇-[工业设计篇](2008-06-04 16:43:01)转载▼标签:工业设计id英语词汇艺术装饰传播艺术教育分类:资源分享 1 设计 Design 2 现代设计 Modern Design 3 工艺美术设计 Craft Design 4 工业设计 Industrial Design 5 广义工业设计 Genealized Industrial Design 6 狭义工业设计 Narrow Industrial Design 7 产品设计 Product Design 8 传播设计 Communication Design 8 环境设计 Environmental Design 9 商业设计 Comercial Design 10 建筑设计 Architectural 11 一维设计 One-dimension Design 12 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design 13 三维设计 Three-dimension Design 14 四维设计 Four-dimension Design 15 装饰、装潢 Decoration 16 家具设计 Furniture Design 17 玩具设计 Toy Design 18 室内设计 Interior Design 19 服装设计 Costume Design 20 包装设计 ackaging Design

21 展示设计 Display Design 22 城市规划 Urban Desgin 23 生活环境 Living Environment 24 都市景观 Townscape 25 田园都市 Gardon City 26 办公室风致 Office Landscape 27 设计方法论 Design Methodology 28 设计语言 Design Language 29 设计条件 Design Condition 30 结构设计 Structure Design 31 形式设计 Form Design 32 设计过程 Design Process 33 构思设计 Concept Design 34 量产设计,工艺设计 Technological Design 35 改型设计 Model Change 36 设计调查 Design Survey 37 事前调查 Prior Survey 38 动态调查 Dynamic Survey 39 超小型设计 Compact type 40 袖珍型设计 Pocktable Type 41 便携型设计 Protable type 42 收纳型设计 Selfcontainning Design

任务型阅读常用词汇及词组转换

任务型阅读归纳类常用词汇 话题:topic主题:theme定义:definition 原因:reason (for) , cause (of)后果,结果result; consequence 异同点:difference , similarity;功能:function 优缺点advantage/benefit , disadvantage;strengths and weaknesses 观点与态度:opinion , view (on/about) , viewpoint , idea;attitude to/towards 评论、评价:comment (on) , remark (on/upon) , assessment 解决问题的方法/措施:means of doing sth ;way to do sth; method (of) doing sth ;a solution to sth ; an approach ( to doing sth. );take measures to do sth.目的:purpose , aim , goal 积极和消极:positive ,negative; optimistic建议:advice [u] , suggestion , tip概括、总结:summary , conclusion特点:feature , characteristic种类:kind , type , category , class 精神上与身体上:mentally and physically影响:influence , impact , effect (on )当前情形,状况: present situation;current situation 建立:build , create , establish , found 出现:appear, occur(occurred)实现/完成:reach , realize , accomplish必要,必需: must /necessity方面,项目条款:item / aspect 材料: materials知识消息:knowledge / information日程计划: schedule / agenda百分比:percentage 性别:sex年龄:age成绩,成就achievement 满意:satisfaction忧虑,担忧,焦灼: concern (不)熟悉:familiar /unfamiliar个人,个人的: individual

一些常见常用的英语词汇(归纳)

一、一个星期七天 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 二、一年十二个月 January February March April May June July August September October November December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意:quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语) 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放 置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发 抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made) 19. keep (kept, kept) 七、意思相近的词 1. check (核对)/ examine(检查)/ test(测试) 2. receive(收到) / accept(接受)

室内设计英语常用词汇

方案:Design, Scheme 初步设计:Primary Design 施工图CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能区 Light 灯具 Droplight 吊灯 吸顶灯 Entrance 入口 Living room 客厅 Sitting room 起居室 Embed light 嵌灯 Dinning room 餐厅 Daylight lamp 日光灯 Kitchen 厨房 Reflect down light 筒灯 Office 书房 Quartz down-light 石英灯Master bedroom 主卧房 Votage track light 射灯 Quest bedroom 客卧 Track light 轨道灯 Children bedroom 儿童房 Picture light 镜画灯 Hiding light 暗藏灯管Projection room 视听室Dressing room 更衣室 Wall lamp 壁灯 Storeroom 储藏室 Reading lamp 台灯 Master bathroom 主卫

Floor lamp 落地灯Bathroom 卫生间 Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房Staircase 楼梯 Washbowl 洗手台[台盆] Aisle 过道 Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器 Gazebe 阳台 Urinal 小便斗 Garden 花园 Bathtab 浴缸 Swimming pool 游泳池Shower bath 淋浴房Furniture 家具 Wiring 电器设备 Cupboard 厨房橱柜Television 电视机 Drink box 酒柜 Sound box 音响 Bar 吧台 Washer 洗衣机 Dinning table 餐桌Bedstand 床头柜 Bed 床 Bookcase 书柜 Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜Electrical outlet 插座

英语常用单词

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