非限制性定语从句
语境呈现1观察下列句子，注意划线部分的用法。
1)This note was left by Mr.Li,who was here a moment ago.
2)This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.
3)The bus ran into a crowd of people,some of whom were sent to hospital.
4China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.
5)She was kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.
6)All of my books are on the desk,where I always keep them.
7)My brother,whose skin is a little black,has a slim figure.
8)They decided to put off the meeting until next Saturday,when they wouldn’t be so busy.
规律精点1 所谓非限制性定语从句，顾名思义，对主句所描述的人或物起的作用，去掉后主句意思仍然完整；它与句子之间常用逗号隔开，其引导词有who,whom,whose,which,when,where,as。that和why 不能引导分限制性定语从句。有时用不定代词、数词或形容词最高级+of+whom/which指代先行词或先行词的一部分。
语境呈现2观察下列句子，注意划线部分的用法。
1)As is known to us,the sky is blue.
The sky is blue,which is known to us.
2)The big tree was cut down yesterday,as is reported in today’s newspaper.
The big tree was cut down yesterday,which is about three hundred years old.
规律精点2 关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，其与which的区别在于：
1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、居中或句尾；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于。（如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，则使用which）。
2)as指代的是，which除了可指代整个主句内容外还可指代主句的某个部分。
1.The result of the experiment was very good, we hadn’t expected.
A.when
B.what
C.that
D.which
2.Lily was always talking about her wealthy husband, of course,made the other ladies unhappy.
A.who
B.which
C.what
D.that
3)The writer has written a number of books, only one is widely read.
A.which
B.of which
C.that
D.what
4)This is Mr Day, I think has something interesting to tell you.
A.who
B.whom
C.that
D.which
5) is reported in today’s paper,people have found the lost boy.
A.It
B.That
C.As
D.What
6)The result was not the same they had expected, was rather disappointing.
A.which;as
B.as;which
C.as;that
D.that;which
高考链接
1)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.
A.which
B.who
C.where
D.what
2)When deeply absorbed in work, he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.when
浅谈非限制性定语从句
定语从句（限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别）
1.定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是作一些补充说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。它常常用逗号与主句分开；翻译时常译成并列的分句。例如：This note was left by John,who was here a moment ago.
这条子是约翰留下的，他刚才来过这儿。
2.非限制性定语从句在修饰人时用who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格),即：在定语从句中关系代词指人做主语时，只能用who;作宾语时，只能用whom，不能有几种选择，也不能省略，只有一种答案。在修饰物时用which而不能用that。总之，非限制性定语从句里没有that，也没有why。
1)Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of my father’s.
张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。
2)She had seven children,three of whom lived to grow up.
她生了七个孩子，其中三个长大成人。
3)The team is headed by a Chinese,whose wife is a Japanese.
这个对的队长是个中国人，他的妻子是日本人。
4)We visited the Jade Buddha Temple,which is in the northwestern part of Shanghai.
我们参观了玉佛寺，它在上海的西北部。
5.It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are ploughed.
它有两万公顷的土地，其中三分之二以上已经耕种。
6)We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.
我们沿着村庄的街道走，他们的赶集日在哪儿进行。
7)In the old days, I was a little boy,the city had no industry to speak of.
过去这城市无工业可言，那时我还是个小孩。
3.引导非限制性定语从句，若关系代词所指代的先行项是整个主句，则关系代词用as或which.它们有三点相同和四点不同之处。
相同点：
1)which和as都可在SVC（主语+系动词+表语）或SV（主语+谓语）结构的非限制性定语从句中作主语，此时两者可互换使用。
He said he had lost the book,which/as was true.
All the schools will reopen on Sept.1(st),which/as is announced in today’s paper.
2)在SVC结构的非限制性定语从句中，which和as作表语时可互换使用。注意此时的which 或as指代上文中的表语部分。
He seemed a foreigner,which /as in fact he was.
3)在SVO（主谓宾）结构的非限制性定语从句中，which和as作宾语时可互换。
I was very useful to him,which/as he realized.
不同点：
1) 在SVOCo(主谓宾宾补)结构的非限制性定语从句中，做主语或宾语时通常用which，而不用as.
It was raining hard,which kept us indoors.
2) 在SVO结构的非限制性定语从句中，做主语时通常用which，而不用as.
Tom has made great progress,which delighted us.
3) as引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中；which则不受此限制。例如：
She has been married again,which was unexpected.
（which常在定语从句中作delay耽搁，推迟、worry、upset、make的主语，且定语从句中常含复合结构）
4) as所引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，它可以位于句末，也可位于句首或居中；而which所引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较固定，通常位于句末，而不可移置句首。例如：We can’t do without rules,as/which you know. As you know,we can’t do without rules.
He failed the exam,which/as was natural. As was natural,he failed the exam.
All the schools will reopen on Sept.1(st),which/as is announced in today’s paper.
As is announced in today’s paper,all the schools will reopen on Sept.1(st).
He admires Mr.Brown very much,which surprises me.
He arrived half an hour late,which annoyed us all.
My sister is a good nurse,which I am not.
His sister has become a doctor,which he wants her to be.
易混辨析
区别项目限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中不停
顿。与主句之间常用逗号隔开，口语中有停顿。
作用对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制，若去
掉，则句意不完整。对先行词起补充说明作用，若省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
翻译与含义翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，限制先
行词。翻译时与主句隔开，对先行词解释说明。
先行词名词或代词。名词、代词、短语或句子。
关系词各类关系词，有几种选择，有时可省。不用that和why，一般只有一种选
择，关系词不可省。
巧学助记：巧辩限制性与非限制性定语从句
定语从句好分辨，没有逗号即为“限”，逗号一出定“非限”；
关系引导所用词，随着“先行”巧妙变；“非限”that/why靠边站；
“非限”引导不省全（全部不可省略）；“as”殊词记心间；
the same/such…as…连，“正如、正像”意恒念，固定搭配多锻炼。（as anybody can see/as is well known/as we all know/as we had expected/as often happens/as often is the case/as has been said above/as is mentioned above/as is reported/announced…）
Can you tell me basic structure of Attributive clause?
名词/代词+关系代词/关系副词+不完整的句子
Fill in the chart（限制性定语从句中关系词的选用）.
关系词先行词（物）先行词（人）
定语时间
状语
地点
状语
原因
状语
主语宾语主语宾语
关系代词which √√
that √√√√
who √√
whom √
whose √
关系副词when √
where √
why √
Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks using the relative pronouns and the relative adverbs.
1.The person _______ is standing there is my teacher.
2.The person ________ you spoke just now is my teacher.
3.The person ________ you spoke to just now is my teacher.
4.I bought a car__________ cost little.
5.The car __________ I bought yesterday cost little.
6.This school is the one _________ I studied ten years ago.
7.This is the little girl ___________ parents were killed in the earthquake.
8.The boss in ________ company my father worked is a very kind man.
9.I will remember that day __________ I first came to Beijing.
10.There are several minutes reasons _________ we can’t do that.
非限制性定语从句中关系词的选用：
关系词先行词（物）先行词（人）
定语时间
状语
地点
状语
原因
状语
主语宾语主语宾语
关系代词which √√
that
who √
whom √
whose √
关系副词when √
where √
why √
当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词或指示代词修饰时:
Kungming,where I was born,is beautiful.
Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history.
John,who greeted me,is my teacher.
My car,which you saw just now，is very expensive.
I have a brother,who is a soldier.
I have a brother who/that is a soldier.
My father,who is 45 years old,is a worker.
All the wine that was kept in the cellar was ruined.
All the travelers,who had known about the flooding,took another road.
表部分的词语+of+关系代词
表部分的词语常见的有：不定代词：all/both/none/neither/either/some/any;数词（包括基数词、序数词、分数和百分数）；the+最高级以及表示数量或数目的词语：many/most/several/few/enough/half/a number/a quarter
Here are two pairs of socks,either of which you may choose.
He wrote several books,the first of which has been published.
China has many islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.
Lao Wang has three daughters,all of whom are music lovers.
非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句也是定语从句的一种，在高中语法知识中它也是非常重要的一项的，老师们对于非限定性定语从句的讲解也是非常重视的。因为在考试中经常会出现该从句的讲解，下面大家就跟随小编一起来了解该从句的讲解。 说到非限定性定语从句的讲解，还要分成不同的部分，首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如： Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous? 你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。 My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. 我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。 在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类，在不同情况下，该从句的使用方法也是不一样的，在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法，在考试的时候就一定会丢分了，下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍： (1) who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 (2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如： Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 (3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如： The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 (4) which引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
非限制性定语从句 一、与限制性定语从句的区别： 限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。试比较： ①A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much. ②I come from China, which has a long history of 3000 years. 二、as和which的区别 翻译下列句子，然后找出每句的先行词。 1. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises me. 2.The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 3.Tom is tall, as are his brothers. 4.As we all know, paper was first made in China. 归纳：as和which在非限制性定语从句中可代替整个主句。 as可用在固定搭配中 as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样 as has been said before如前所说 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been pointed out 正如已指出的 as we all known/ as is well known to us众所周知 as mentioned above如上所述 1.___________ often happens, he is late again. 2.He came here very late, ____________ was unexpected. 3.He has passed the text, ___________ nobody knows. 4.Tom has made rapid progress, ____________ makes me very happy. 5.Mother was terrified, ____________ I could see from her eyes. 6.Our team lost the game, ____________ was reported in the newspaper. 巩固练习： 一、完成句子。 1.射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪末才发展成为一项体育运动。 Shooting, _________was a means of survival originally, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. 2.中国吸烟人数：约 3.5亿；分布：男性75％;女性：25％ Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among _________75% are men and 25% are women. 3.受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿；因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万/年 Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, ________causes 100,000 deaths per year. 4.众所周知，2008年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流 中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。 _________ is known to all, Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games. English, __________ is an international（国际的）language, plays an important part in communicating（沟通、交流）with foreigners. We Senior Three students should catch this opportunity（机会）to learn it well, by __________ we can make our contribution （贡献）to the Olympic Games. 二、英译汉。 1.Don’t cheat me. I’m no longer the boy that I was three years ago. ______________________________________________________________________ 2.There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome. ______________________________________________________________________
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 2．关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 （1）which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句要置于先行词后面，而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活，可放在句首，也可以放在句后 eg.正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用 As he realized, I was very useful to him. 空气，众所周知，是一种气体 Air, as we know, is a gas. 他是个外国人，正像我从他口音判断的那样。 He was a foreigner, as I know form his accent. 他又来晚了，这一点使老板很生气 He came late again, which made his boss angry. (2)当定语从句位于主句后面，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，往往用which；当定语从句中有“如同……那样”的含义时，用as比用which更常见。 Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，让我无法忍受 Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear. 事与愿违，这是常有的事 Things will turn out contrary to on e’s wishes, as is often the case. (3)“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，必须用which,不能用as. Eg.我们周围有很多氧气，没有他们我们无法生存 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live. 3．引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别 定语从句前面有such, as, the same 时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which. Eg 所需要的字典有许多都有了
高考总复习：非限制性定语从句 编稿：陈玉莲审稿：王春霞 真题再现 1. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 2. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 3. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 4. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 5. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 6. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 7. Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 8. By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 9. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 10. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 11. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 1. C。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。 2. C。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。 3. B。非限制性定语从句，which作表语。 4.B。题干中that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。 5. B。分析从句结构，主谓宾齐全，without ____ help做从句的谓语，whose help作with的宾语。
二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之三：如何写好定语从句 定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。 (一)定语从句的类型 1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 ①(2018?北京高考书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。 ②(2017?全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interested in playing table tennis.第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。 ③As you see, the Chinese people are hard-working. 你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。 2．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。
①(2018?北京高考书面表达)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. 它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。 ②(2014?安徽高考书面表达)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study. 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。 3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 (2017?北京高考书面表达)Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. 搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。 (二)定语从句的写法 定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”： [示例] 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①The foreigner is from Canada. ②He visited our class yesterday.
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ② which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。
非限练习+详解 1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.
定语从句在写作中的运用 1.contradiction n. Saying sth that conflicts with sth said or written by sb;disagreement反驳；矛盾 2.obstacle n. Thing which stands in the way and prevents progress 障碍； 阻碍 3.approval n. Showing or saying that one thinks sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成；承认 4.revelation n. Making known sth that was secret or hidden;revealing 启示；揭 示 5.critic n. Person who evaluates and describes the quality of sth,esp works of art,literature,music,etc 批评家；评论家 6.sponsor n. Person who agrees to be responsible for sth; person who puts forward a preposal;sports eent, etc,usually in return for advertising 担保人；发起人； 赞助者 7. merchant n. Person who buys and sells goods in large quantities 商人 8.Burglar n. Person who breaks into houses,shops,etc in order to steal 窃贼 9.Sequence n. Order in which things or events follow one another 顺序；序列 10.Squirrel n. Small tree-climbing animal with long furry tail that eats nuts and also stores them for the winter 松鼠 一、写作中常用的几种定语从句 1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 Actually, we can't succeed in everything that we try. (2014·福建高考满分作文) A sailor who has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor.(2013·福建高考满分作文) 没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。 I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years (2011·福建高考满分作文) . Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills. (2014·辽宁高考满分作文)
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别 区别一：形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 区别二：功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如： People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：含义不同 比较下面的两个句子： I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 区别五：先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如： Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which 指整个主句)
定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起 定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一．词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例 如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不 能省略。例如：
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句六大区别及练习 区别一：形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 区别二：功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如： People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：含义不同 比较下面的两个句子： I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
区别五：先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如： Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 区别六：关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。 【巩固练习】 1. — Is that the small company you often refer to? — Right, just the one _______ you know my father used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. as 2. — Where did they fi nish the experiment? — It was in the lab _______ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith.
导入练习1 1. —Is that the small company you often refer to? —Right, just the one _______ you know my father used to work for years. A.that B. which C. where D. As 2. —Where did they fi nish the experiment? —It was in the lab _______ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith. A. where B. / C. which D. in which 3. Examination compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations _______ formal language is used. A. in which B. in that C. of which D. of that 4. Which fi lm is the one _______ main actor has won the Best Actor Prize in the fi lm festival? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. In that country, November 30th is a national festival _______ everyone, men and women, old and young, sings and dances happily in the streets. A. where B. when C. that D. as 6. This is John Brown, _______ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 7. We climbed the Huangshan Mountain yesterday, _______, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A. where B. which C. that D. when 8. The famous football player, _______ a big party will be held tomorrow morning, is to arrive this afternoon. A. in honour of him B. in his honour C. in whose honour D. in which honour 9. _______ was reported in the newspaper, seventeen passengers had been killed in the traffi c accident. A. It B. As C. What D. That 10. The owner paid the worker $10 for tidying the whole building, most of _______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A. that B. what C. when D. which 11. He has made great contributions to the science of physics, _______ he was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize. A. about which B. what C. for which D. when 12. I don’t want to use the same tool _______ you used yesterday to repair the air conditioner. A. it B. that C. one D. what 13. They were interested _______ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 14. Is that the reason _______ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 15. I have bought the same dress _______ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。例如： This is the very person that is wanted by the police. He is the man who /that lives next door.
说到非限定性定语从句的讲解，还要分成不同的部分，首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。 其次，大家要了解该从句的形式： 非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如： Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous? 你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。 My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his l ife, is retiring next month. 我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。 下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍： (1) who引导的非限制性定语从句Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。My ga rdener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Pari s.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。Mr Smith，from whom I have learn ed a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句whose是关系代词who 的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。Above the trees are the mountains whos e magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。The play，whose style is rigidly form al，is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及