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2012最新高中句子英语语法归纳

2012最新高中句子英语语法归纳
2012最新高中句子英语语法归纳

高中英语句子语法

?句子的种类:

一、陈述句1.肯定结构 2.否定结构

二、疑问句1.一般疑问句 2.特殊疑问句 3.选择疑问句4.反义疑问句

三、祈使句

四、感叹句

?句子的分类

⑴主语+谓语(Vi)S+Vi

⑵主语+谓语(Vt)+ 宾语S+Vt+O

1.简单句⑶主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语S+Vt+O+OC

⑷主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+IO+PO

⑸主语+系动词+表语S+V+P

(复合句)

2.并列复合句⑴表递进

⑵表选择

⑶表转折

⑷表因果

⑸其他

3.主从复合句⑴定语从句(形容词性从句)

⑵名词性从句

①主语从句

②宾语从句

③表语从句

④同位语从句

⑶状语从句(副词性从句)

?并列句概念

1.两个或两个以上并列而独立的简单句, 由并列连词连接而成。

2.分句:并列连词连接的简单句

?定语从句

1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限定作用

Eg: He has two sons, who work in the same company (only 2 sons)

他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班

非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(有逗号、从句相当于并列句、状语从句)Eg:He has two sons who work in the same company. (perhaps he has more than two sons)

他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子

2.非限制定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法

⑴关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略▲

⑵who,whom,which(主,宾)不能用that代替、相互替换

⑶在“介词+which/whom从句”结构中,介词不能移到从句后面▲

⑷when,where可用于非限制性定语从句中

3.关系代词的用法

▲作用:

1.连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把主句和从句连接起来

2.替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词

3.成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分

▲分类:.

▲使用时的依据

⑴根据所引导的从句的限制性与非限制性

⑵根据所替代的先行词指人还是物

⑶根据它在从句中所充当的成分—主语、宾语、表语或定义

▲关系代词that 和which 的用法

1.限制性定语从句中, 只能使用that的情况

ˇ当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one时Eg: Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself ?

ˇ当先行词前面有the only, any, few, little, no, all , the very (恰恰, 正好)修饰时

Eg: This is the very bus that I’m waiting for. 这就是我在等的公交车

ˇ当先行词是1.形容词最高级2.先行词前面有形容词最高级修饰时

Eg :this is the best that has been used against pollution

This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen

ˇ当先行词是序数词或者它前面有序数词修饰时

Eg: this train is the last that will go to Suzhou

ˇ当先行词即有人又有物时

Eg: do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

ˇ当主句的主语是疑问词who 或which时

Eg: which is the bike that you lost ?

ˇ有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词用which, 另一个用that

Eg: they secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution

ˇ当先行词在主句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语

Eg: Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be .

ˇ

Eg:

ˇ

Eg:

ˇ

Eg:

2.当先行词指事/物,定语从句中必须用which的情况

ˇ在非限制性定语从句中,只用which ,不用that

ˇ在动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用That

Eg:this is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.

PS:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词前。Eg:this is the pen for which I’m looking for.

ˇ

Eg:

ˇ

Eg:

ˇ

Eg:

4.关系代词who, whom, whose, that 用法

当先行词指人:

⑴在定语从句中做主语时,用who/that ,不可省略

⑵在定语从句中做宾语时,用whom/that/who可以省略

⑶在定语从句中作定语时,用whose不可省略

5.“介词+关系代词“引导的定语从句

*关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)且不能省略。即:介词+which/whom

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help

*在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句末尾时。可用that/which(物),that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语,而且做介词宾语的关系代词可以省略Eg: This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are pround of.

This is the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with.

*“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,定语从句常用倒装语序。

Eg: he lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.

*介词+which/whom + 不定式结构

Eg: the poor man has no house in which to live

=The poor man has no house to live in

=the poor man has no house in which he can live.

The beggar has no money with which to buy food.

=the beggar has no money to buy food with

= the beggar has no money that he can buy food with

5.关系代词as 引导的定语从句

*可连限制性、非限制性定从,作主语、宾语、表语。

Such+名词+as…. 像…一样的,之类的

The same+名词+as…和…同样的

*such..as..引导的定语从句。句中却成分

eg : he is such a clever boy as everyone likes.

such..that..引导的状语从句。句中不缺任何成分

eg : he is such a clever boy that everyone likes him

..such as..such为代词,“这样的人或物”,as在从句中作成分,修饰先行词such. Eg:this book is not such as I expect. (as作宾语)

?关系代词as 和which 的区别

#⒈异:as引导非限制定从,可放主句前、中、后

Which引导非限制定从,只能放主句后

⒉同:两者都可替代主句整个内容,而非主句中某一个词

Eg: the weather turned out to be very good ,which/as was more than we could expect.

#as多用于下列习惯用语:

As any body can see as we had expected as is known to all

As often happens as has been said before as is mentioned above

As (it)seems likely as (it)often happens as(it)was printed out

As (it) was said earlier

#当定从放在主句后时,并非as恒等于which

⒈当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which

⒉当as 在从句中作主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态,如:be known ,be said,be reported ,be announced. 如果从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语。

eg:she has been absent again ,as is expected.

Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy

⒊as仍保持作连词时的某种含义

Eg:david is tall, as are my brothers (=and so are my brothers)

⒋当非限制性定语从句谓语是一个复合结构时,只能用which引导定语从句 Eg:Betty always tells a lie,which her parents find strange.

?关系副词的用法

#当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。

1. When=表时间的介词(eg: in,at,during等)+ which

2. Where= 表地点的介词(eg: in,at,on,under等)+ which

3. Why = 表原因的介词(eg:for)+ which

4. How=表方式的介词(eg:in )+which

Ps:

①介词+关系代词(which) =when/where 有时为表达清楚,可在副词前加from,to 等Eg:China is the birth place of kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan.

②where:不能简单理解为地点。今年高考将“地点模糊化”。如situation(先行词人或物的处境)、stage (某事发展)point、时都需用到where.

区别关系副词和关系代词:分析一下定语从句的成分,若从句中缺主语、宾语和表语,那么必须用关系代词;若从句中缺状语,那么必须用关系副词。

Eg: Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in QD?

Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays inQD?

宾语从句用法的其他要点:

1.宾语从句中的谓语动词形式与先行词的单复数保持一致

2.the only one of +复数n+关系代词+单数形式动词

3.当关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as 与which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式Eg: Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.

4.其他情况:

* Eg: I,who am your teacher,will try my best to help you.

To own a computer in families,which we thought was impossible twenty years age, now becomes true.

*当先行词是way(方法)时,引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式:in which/that/

不填.

Eg1:what surprised me was not wahat he said but the way (in which/that/不填) he said it.

Eg2:the way (that/which/不填) he explained to us was quite simple. Eg3: The way (that/in which/不填) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.

*当先行词是time时, 若time作“次数”讲,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;

EG: this is the second time(that) the President has visited the country *若time作“一段时间,时代”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which 引导定语从句

EG:there was a time when /during which there were no radios,no tv.

?名词性从句:具有名词功能的非独立分句。

主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

结构:1.以that 引导的从句

2.以whether/if引导的从句

3.以特殊疑问句引导的从句

4.以what或wh-ever等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句

5.此外,as if/ as though 也可以引导表语从句

That

一、主语从句

1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见句型:

①it+be+形容词如(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful, funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 从句

②it + be +名词词组(no wonder,an honor, a good thing, a pity, no

surprise,etc.

+ that 从句

③it +be +过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,

decided,announced,arranged,

etc.)+that 从句

2.在口语和非正式问题中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that总是不必要的,但that

从句位于句首时,连词that时绝对不能省略的。

EG:That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

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高中英语语法总结

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You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见。例如: How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他? Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢? d. 表示相约、商定。例如: We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 2. 助动词have的用法 1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态。例如: He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。 2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时。例如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。 3)have +been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。例如: English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 3.助动词do 的用法 1)构成一般疑问句。例如:

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