当前位置:文档之家› 机械手外文翻译---简易机械手及控制

机械手外文翻译---简易机械手及控制

机械手外文翻译---简易机械手及控制
机械手外文翻译---简易机械手及控制

密级

分类号

编号

成绩

本科生毕业设计 (论文)

外文翻译

原文标题Simple Manipulator And The Control Of It

译文标题简易机械手及控制

作者所在系别xxxx

作者所在专业xxxx

作者所在班级xxxx

作者姓名xxxx

作者学号xxx

指导教师姓名xxx

指导教师职称xxxx

完成时间2012 年02 月

译文标题简易机械手及控制

原文标题S imple Manipulator And The Control Of It

作者Bolton.W 译名博尔顿国籍美国

原文出处China Engine bed Tool Industrial association

中文译文:

简易机械手及控制

随着社会生产不断进步和人们生活节奏不断加快,人们对生产效率也不断提出新要求。由于微电子技术和计算软、硬件技术的迅猛发展和现代控制理论的不断完善,使机械手技术快速发展,其中气动机械手系统由于其介质来源简便以及不污染环境、组件价格低廉、维修方便和系统安全可靠等特点,已渗透到工业领域的各个部门,在工业发展中占有重要地位。本文讲述的气动机械手有气控机械手、XY轴丝杠组、转盘机构、旋转基座等机械部分组成。主要作用是完成机械部件的搬运工作,能放置在各种不同的生产线或物流流水线中,使零件搬运、货物运输更快捷、便利。

一.四轴联动简易机械手的结构及动作过程

机械手结构如下图1所示,有气控机械手(1)、XY轴丝杠组(2)、转盘机构(3)、旋转基座(4)等组成。

图1.机械手结构

其运动控制方式为:(1)由伺服电机驱动可旋转角度为360°的气控机械手(有光电传感器确定起始0点);(2)由步进电机驱动丝杠组件使机械手沿X、Y轴移动(有x、y轴限位开关);(3)可回旋360°的转盘机构能带动机械手及丝杠组自由旋转(其电气拖动部分由直流电动机、光电编码器、接近开关等组成);(4)旋转基座主要支撑以上3部分;(5)气控机械手的张合由气压控制(充气时机械手抓紧,放气时机械手松开)。

其工作过程为:当货物到达时,机械手系统开始动作;步进电机控制开始向下运动,同时另一路步进电机控制横轴开始向前运动;伺服电机驱动机械手旋转到达正好抓取货物的方位处,然后充气,机械手夹住货物。

步进电机驱动纵轴上升,另一个步进电机驱动横轴开始向前走;转盘直流电

机转动使机械手整体运动,转到货物接收处;步进电机再次驱动纵轴下降,到达指定位置后,气阀放气,机械手松开货物;系统回位准备下一次动作。

二.控制器件选型

为达到精确控制的目的,根据市场情况,对各种关键器件选型如下:

1.步进电机及其驱动器

机械手纵轴(Y轴)和横轴(X轴)选用的是北京四通电机技术有限公司的42BYG250C型两相混合式步进电机,步距角为0.9°/1.8°,电流1.5A。M1是横轴电机,带动机械手机构伸、缩;M2是纵轴电机,带动机械手机构上升、下降。所选用的步进电机驱动器是SH-20403型,该驱动器采用10~40V直流供电,H桥双极性恒相电流驱动,最大3A的8种输出电流可选,最大64细分的7种细分模式可选,输入信号光电隔离,标准单脉冲接口,有脱机保持功能,半密闭式机壳可适应更恶劣的工况环境,提供节能的自动半电流方式。驱动器内部的开关电源设计,保证了驱动器可适应较宽的电压范围,用户可根据各自情况在10~40VDC之间选择。一般来说较高的额定电源电压有利于提高电机的高速力矩,但却会加大驱动器的损耗和温升。本驱动器最大输出电流值为3A/相(峰值),通过驱动器面板上六位拨码开关的第5、6、7,三位可组合出8种状态,对应8种输出电流,从0.9A到3A以配合不同的电机使用。本驱动器可提供整步、改善半步、4细分、8细分、16细分、32细分和64细分7种运行模式,利用驱动器面板上六位拨码开关的第1、2、3,三位可组合出不同的状态。

2.伺服电机及其驱动器

机械手的旋转动作采用松下伺服电机A系列小惯量MSMA5AZA1G,其额定输出50W、100/200V共用,旋转编码器规格为增量式(脉冲数2500p/r、分辨率10000p/r、引出线11线);有油封,无制动器,轴采用键槽连接。该电机采用松下公司独特算法,使速度频率响应提高2倍,达到500Hz;定位超调整定时间缩短为以往松下伺服电机产品V系列的1/4。具有共振抑制功能、控制功能、全闭环控制功能,可弥补机械的刚性不足,从而实现高速定位,也可通过外接高精度的光栅尺,构成全闭环控制,进一步提高系统精度。具有常规自动增益调整和实时自动增

益调整两种自动增益调整方式,还配有RS-485、RS-232C通信口,使上位控制器可同时控制多达16个轴。伺服电机驱动器为A系列MSDA5A3A1A,适用于小惯量电动机。

3.直流电机

可回旋360°的转盘机构有直流无刷电机带动,系统选用的是北京和时利公司生产的57BL1010H1无刷直流电机,其调速范围宽、低速力矩大、运行平稳、低噪音、效率高。无刷直流电机驱动器使用北京和时利公司生产的BL-0408驱动器,其采用24~48V直流供电,有起停及转向控制、过流、过压及堵转保护,且有故障报警输出、外部模拟量调速、制动快速停机等特点。

4.旋转编码器

在可回旋360°的转盘机构上,安装有OMRON公司生产的E6A2增量型旋转编码器,编码器将信号传给PLC,实现转盘机构的精确定位。

5. PLC的选型

根据系统的设计要求,选用OMRON公司生产的CPM2A小型机。CPM2A在一个小巧的单元内综合有各种性能,包括同步脉冲控制、中断输入、脉冲输出、模拟量设定和时钟功能等。CPM2A的CPU单元又是一个独立单元,能处理广泛的机械控制应用问题,所以它是在设备内用作内装控制单元的理想产品。完整的通信功能

保证了与个人计算机、其它OMRON PC和OMRON可编程终端的通信。这些通信能力使四轴联动简易机械手能方便的融合到工业控制系统中。

三.软件编程

1.软件流程图

流程图是PLC程序设计的基础。只有设计出流程图,才可能顺利而便捷地编写出梯形图并写出语句表,最终完成程序的设计。所以写出流程图非常关键也是程序设计首先要做的任务。依据四轴联动简易机械手的控制要求,绘制流程图如图2所示。

图2.软件流程图

2.程序部分

由于论文篇幅有限,这里只列出了开始两段程序,供读者参阅,见图3。

图3 程序列表

四.结束语

四轴联动简易机械手的各个动作和状态都由PLC控制,不仅能满足机械手的手动、半自动、自动等操作方式所需的大量按扭、开关、位置检测点的要求,更可通过接口元器件与计算机组成PLC工业局域网,实现网络通信与网络控制。使四轴联动简易机械手能方便地嵌入到工业生产流水线中。

参考文献:

[1]中国机床工具工业协会行业发展部.CIMT2001巡礼[J].世界制造技术与装备市场,2001(3):18-20.

[2]梁训王宣 ,周延佑.机床技术发展的新动向[J].世界制造技术与装备市场,2001(3):21-28. [3]中国机床工具工业协会数控系统分会.CIMT2001巡礼[J].世界制造技术与装备市场,2001(5):13-17.

[4]杨学桐,李冬茹,何文立,等。距世纪数控机床技术发展战略研究[M].北京:国家机械工业局,2000

外文文献原文:

S imple Manipulator And The Control Of It

Along with the social production progress and people life rhythm is accelerating, people on production efficiency also continuously put forward new requirements. Because of microelectronics technology and calculation software and hardware technology rapid development and modern control theory, the perfection of the fast development, the robot technology pneumatic manipulator system because its media sources do not pollute the environment, simple and cheap components, convenient maintenance and system safety and reliability characteristic, has penetrated into every sector of the industrial field, in the industrial development plays an important role. This article tells of the pneumatic control robots, furious manipulator XY axis screw group, the turntable institutions, rotating mechanical parts base. Main effect is complete mechanical components handling work, to be placed in different kinds of line or logistics pipeline, make parts handling, transport of goods more quick and convenient.

Matters of the manipulator axial linkage simple structure and action process Manipulator structure, as shown in figure 1 below have accused of manipulator (1), XY axis screw group (2), the turntable institutions (3), rotating base (4), etc.

Figure 1Manipulator Structure

Its motion control mode is: (1) can rotate by servomotor Angle for 360 ° breath control manipulator (photoelectric sensor sure start 0 point); (2) by stepping motor drive screw component make along the X, Y manipulators move (have X, Y axis limit switches); (3) can rotates 360 °can drive the turntable institutions manipulators and bushings free rotation (its electric drag in part by the dc motivation, photoelectric encoder, close to switch etc); (4) rotating base main support above 3 parts; (5) gas control manipulator by pressure control (Zhang close when pressed on, put inflatable robot manipulators loosen) when gas.

Its working process for: when the goods arrived, manipulator system begins to move; Stepping motor control, while the other start downward motion along the horizontal axis of the step-motor controller began to move exercise; Servo motor driver arrived just grab goods manipulators rotating the orientation of the place, then inflatable, manipulator clamped goods.

Vertical axis stepper motor drive up, the other horizontal axis stepper motor driver started to move forward; rotary DC motor rotation so that the whole robot motion, go to the cargo receiving area; longitudinal axis stepper motor driven down again, arrived at the designated location, Bleed valve, mechanical hand release the goods; system back to the place ready for the next action.

II. Control device selection

To achieve precise control purposes, according to market conditions, selection of a variety of key components as follows:

1. Stepper motor and drive

Mechanical hand vertical axis (Y axis) and horizontal (X axis) is chosen Motor Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Stone 42BYG250C type of two-phase hybrid stepping motor, step angle of 0.9 ° / 1.8 °, current is 1.5A. M1 is the horizontal axis motor driven manipulator stretch, shrink; M2 is the vertical axis motor driven manipulator rise and fall. The choice of stepper motor drive is SH-20403 type, the drive uses 10 ~ 40V DC power supply, H-phase bridge bipolar constant current drive, the maximum output current of 3A of the 8 optional, maximum fine of 64 segments of 7 sub-mode optional optical isolation, standard single-pulse interface, with offline capabilities to maintain semi-sealed enclosure can be adapted to environmental conditions even worse, provide semi-current energy-saving mode automatically. Drive the internal switching power supply design to ensure that the drive can be adapted to a wide voltage range, the user can according to their circumstances to choose between the 10 ~ 40VDC. Generally the higher rated power supply voltage can improve high-speed torque motor, but the drive will increase the loss and temperature rise. The maximum output drive current is 3A / phase (peak), six drive-panel DIP switch on the first three can be combined 5,6,7 8 out of state, corresponding to the 8 kinds of output current from 0.9A to 3A to meet the different motors. The drive can provide full step, half step improvement, subdivision 4, 8 segments, 16 segments, 32 segments and 64 segments of 7 operating modes. The use of six of the drive panel DIP switches 1,2and3 can be combined from three different states.

2. Servo motors and drives

Manipulator with Panasonic servo motor rotational movement A series of small inertia MSMA5AZA1G, the rated 50W, 100/200V share, rotary incremental encoder specifications (number of pulses 2500p / r, resolution of 10000p / r, Lead 11 lines) ; a seal, no brakes, shaft with keyway connections. The motor uses Panasonic's unique algorithms, the rate increased by 2 times the frequency response, to 500Hz; positioning over the past adjust the scheduled time by Panasonic servo motor products for the V Series of 1 / 4. With the resonance suppression, control, closed loop control, can make up for lack of mechanical rigidity, in order to achieve high positioning accuracy can also be an external grating to form closed loop control to further improve accuracy. With a conventional automatic gain adjustment and real-time automatic gain

Interest adjustment in the automatic gain adjustment methods, which also has RS-485, RS-232C communication port, the host controller can control up to 16 axes. Servo motor drives are a series MSDA5A3A1A, applicable to small inertia motor.

3. DC machine

360 °swing of the turntable can be a brushless DC motor driven organization, the system is chosen when the profit company in Beijing and the 57BL1010H1 brushless DC motor, its speed range, low-speed torque, smooth running, low noise, high efficiency.

Brushless DC motor drive using the Beijing and when Lee's BL-0408 produced by the drive, which uses 24 ~ 48V DC power supply, a start-stop and steering control, over current, overvoltage and locked rotor protection, and there is failure alarm output external analog speed control, braking down so fast.

4. Rotary encoder

Can swing 360 ° in the body on the turntable, fitted with OMRON E6A2 produced incremental rotary encoder, the encoder signals to the PLC, to achieve precise positioning of rotary bodies.

5. PLC Selection

According to the system design requirements, the choice of OMRON CPM2A produced minicomputer. CPM2A in a compact unit integrated with a variety of properties, including the synchronization pulse control, interrupt input, pulse output, analog set and clock functions. CPM2A the CPU unit is a stand-alone unit, capable of handling a wide range of application of mechanical control, it is built in the device control unit for the ideal product. Ensure the integrity of communications and personal computers, other OMRON PC and OMRON Programmable Terminal communication. The communication capability allows the robot to Axis simple easy integration into industrial control systems. III. Software programming

1. Software flow chart

PLC programming flow chart is based. Only the design flow, it may be smooth and easy to prepare and write a statement form the ladder, and ultimately complete the process design. So write a flow chart of program design is critical to the task first thing to do. Axis Manipulator based on simple control requirements, drawing flow chart shown in Figure 2. Figure 2Software flow chart

2. Program part

Because space is limited, here only paper listed the first two program segment for readers see.

Figure 3 Program part

IV. Conclusion

Axis simple robot state by the various movements and PLC control, the robot can not only meet the manual, semi-automatic mode of operation required for such a large number of buttons, switches, position detection point requirements, but also through the interface components and Computer Organization PLC industrial LAN, network communication and network control. Axis simple robot can be easily embedded into industrial production pipeline.

指导教师评语

外文翻译成绩:

指导教师签字:

年月日

注:1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面:①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计(论文)的主题是否高度相关,并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计(论文)的参考文献;②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量(3 000字以上);③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。

2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。

机械手机械设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文对照翻译 机械设计 摘要: 机器由机械和其他元件组成的用来转换和传输能量的装置。比如:发动机、涡轮机、车、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机和摄影机。许多机械方面设计的原则和方法也同样适用于非机械方面。术语中的“构造设计”的含义比“机

械设计”更加广泛,构造设计包括机械设计。在进行运动分析和结构设计时要把产品的维护和外形也考虑在机械设计中。在机械工程领域中,以及其它工程领域,都需要机械设备,比如:开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等。关键词:设计流程设计规则机械设计 设计流程 设计开始之前就要想到机器的实用性,现有的机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度,或者成本上得到改善。新的机器必需能够完全或部分代替以前人的功能,比如计算、装配、维修。 在设计的初级阶段,应该充分发挥设计人员的创意,不要受到任何约束。即使有一些不切实际的想法,也可以在设计的早期,即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样,才不致于阻断创新的思路。通常,必须提出几套设计方案,然后进行比较。很有可能在这个计划最后指定使用某些不在计划方案内的一些想法的计划。 一般当产品的外型和组件的尺寸特点已经显现出来的时候,就可以进行全面的设计和分析。接着还要客观的分析机器性能、安全、重量、耐用性,并且成本也要考虑在内。每一个至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸,同时也要保持与其它组成部分的平衡。 选择原材料和工艺的方法。通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性,如稳定和反应的能量和摩擦力的利用,动力惯性、加速度、能量;包括材料的弹性强度、应力和刚度等物理特性,以及流体的润滑和驱动器的流体力学。设计的过程是一个反复与合作的过程,无论是正式的还是非正式的,对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要。。产品设计需要大量的研究和提升。许多的想法,必须通过努力去研究成为一种理念,然后去使用或放弃。虽然每个工

机器人外文翻译

英文原文出自《Advanced Technology Libraries》2008年第5期 Robot Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal,The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding. With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration,

外文翻译机械手

Hand Column Type Power Machine Follow with our country the rapid development of industrial production, rapidly enhance level of automation, implementation artifacts of handling, steering, transmission or toil for welding gun, spraing gun, spanner and other tools for processing, assembly operations for example automation, should cause the attention of people more and more. Industrial robot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and machines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, there has been CNCmachining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labor productivity. However, the upper and lower commonin CNCmachining processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consuming and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and other fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology. Current industrial approaches to robot arm control treat each joint of the robot arm as a simple joint servomechanism. The servomechanism approach models the varying dynamics of a manipulator inadequately because it neglects the motion and configuration of the whole arm mechanism. These changes in the parameters of the controlled system sometimes are significant enough to render conventional feedback control strategies ineffective. The result is reduced servo response speed and damping, limiting the precision and speed of the end-effecter and making it appropriate only for limited-precision tasks. Manipulators controlled in this manner move at slow speeds with unnecessary vibrations. Any significant performance gain in this and other areas of robot arm control require the consideration of more efficient dynamic models, sophisticated control approaches, and the use of dedicated computer architectures and parallel processing techniques. Manipulator institutional form is simple, strong professionalism, only as a loading device for a machine tools, special-purpose manipulator is attached to this machine.

机械手外文翻译 修改版

密级 分类号 编号 成绩 本科生毕业设计 (论文) 外文翻译 原文标题Simple Manipulator And The Control Of It 译文标题简易机械手及控制 作者所在系别机械工程系 作者所在专业xxxxx 作者所在班级xxxxxxxx 作者姓名xxxx 作者学号xxxxxx 指导教师姓名xxxxxx 指导教师职称副教授 完成时间2012 年02 月 北华航天工业学院教务处制

译文标题简易机械手及控制 原文标题 Simple Manipulator And The Control Of It 作者机电之家译名JDZJ国籍中国 原文出处机电之家 中文译文: 简易机械手及控制 随着社会生产不断进步和人们生活节奏不断加快,人们对生产效率也不断提出新要求。由于微电子技术和计算软、硬件技术的迅猛发展和现代控制理论的不断完善,使机械手技术快速发展,其中气动机械手系统由于其介质来源简便以及不污染环境、组件价格低廉、维修方便和系统安全可靠等特点,已渗透到工业领域的各个部门,在工业发展中占有重要地位。本文讲述的气动机械手有气控机械手、XY轴丝杠组、转盘机构、旋转基座等机械部分组成。主要作用是完成机械部件的搬运工作,能放置在各种不同的生产线或物流流水线中,使零件搬运、货物运输更快捷、便利。 一.四轴联动简易机械手的结构及动作过程 机械手结构如下图1所示,有气控机械手(1)、XY轴丝杠组(2)、转盘机构(3)、旋转基座(4)等组成。 图1.机械手结构 其运动控制方式为:(1)由伺服电机驱动可旋转角度为360°的气控机械手(有光电传感器确定起始0点);(2)由步进电机驱动丝杠组件使机械手沿X、Y轴移动(有x、y轴限位开关);(3)可回旋360°的转盘机构能带动机械手及丝杠组自由旋转(其电气拖动部分由直流电动机、光电编码器、接近开关等组成);(4)旋转基座主要支撑以上3部分;(5)气控机械手的张合由气压控制(充气时机械手抓紧,放气时机械手松开)。 其工作过程为:当货物到达时,机械手系统开始动作;步进电机控制开始向下

机械手设计英文参考文献原文翻译

机械手设计英文参考文 献原文翻译 Company number:【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】

翻译人:王墨墨山东科技大学 文献题目:Automated Calibration of Robot Coordinates for Reconfigurable Assembly Systems 翻译正文如下: 针对可重构装配系统的机器人协调性的自动校准 T.艾利,Y.米达,H.菊地,M.雪松 日本东京大学,机械研究院,精密工程部 摘要 为了实现流水工作线更高的可重构性,以必要设备如机器人的快速插入插出为研究目的。当一种新的设备被装配到流水工作线时,应使其具备校准系统。该研究使用两台电荷耦合摄像机,基于直接线性变换法,致力于研究一种相对位置/相对方位的自动化校准系统。摄像机被随机放置,然后对每一个机械手执行一组动作。通过摄像机检测机械手动作,就能捕捉到两台机器人的相对位置。最佳的结果精度为均方根值毫米。 关键词: 装配,校准,机器人 1 介绍 21世纪新的制造系统需要具备新的生产能力,如可重用性,可拓展性,敏捷性以及可重构性 [1]。系统配置的低成本转变,能够使系统应对可预见的以及不可预见的市场波动。关于组装系统,许多研究者提出了分散的方法来实现可重构性[2][3]。他们中的大多数都是基于主体的系统,主体逐一协同以建立一种新的

配置。然而,协同只是目的的一部分。在现实生产系统中,例如工作空间这类物理问题应当被有效解决。 为了实现更高的可重构性,一些研究人员不顾昂贵的造价,开发出了特殊的均匀单元[4][5][6]。作者为装配单元提出了一种自律分散型机器人系统,包含多样化的传统设备[7][8]。该系统可以从一个系统添加/删除装配设备,亦或是添加/删除装配设备到另一个系统;它通过协同作用,合理地解决了工作空间的冲突问题。我们可以把该功能称为“插入与生产”。 表1:合作所需的调节和量度 在重构过程中,校准的装配机器人是非常重要的。这是因为,需要用它们来测量相关主体的特征,以便在物理主体之间建立良好的协作关系。这一调整必须要达到表1中所列到的多种标准要求。受力单元和方向的调整是不可避免的,以便使良好的协同控制得以实现。从几何标准上看,位置校准是最基本的部分。一般来说,校准被理解为“绝对”,即,关于特定的领域框架;或者“相对”,即,关于另一个机器人的基本框架。后者被称为“机器人之间的校准”。 个体机器人的校准已被广泛研究过了。例如,运动参数的识别就非常受欢迎。然而,很少有对机器人之间校准的研究。玉木等人是用一种基于标记的方法,在一个可重构的装配单元内,校准机器人桌子和移动机械手之间的相互位置/方向联系。波尼兹和夏发表了一种校准方法。该方法通过两个机械手的机械接触来实现,实验非常耗时,并要求特别小心地操作。

机械手文献综述

毕业设计(论文) 文献综述 设计(论文)题目:4自由度气动机械手设计 学院名称:机械工程学院 专业:机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名:卢锋学号:07403010309 指导教师:杨超珍 2010年12 月24 日

机械手的发展及应用 前言 机械工业是国民的装备部,是为国民经济提供装备和为人民生提供耐用消费品的产业。机械工业的规模和技术水平是衡量国家经济实力和科学技术水平的要标志。因此,世界各国都把发展机械工业作为发展本国经济的战略重点之一。生产水平及科学技术的不断进步与发展带动了整个机械工业的快速发展。现代工业中,生产过程的机械化,自动化已成为突出的主题。然而在机械工业中,加工、装配等生产是不连续的。单靠人力将这些不连续的生产工序接起来,不仅费时而且效率不高。同时人的劳动强度非常大,有时还会出现失误及伤害。显然,这严重影响制约了整个生产过程的效率和自动化程度。机械手的应用很好的解决了这一情况,它不存在重复的偶然失误,也能有效的避免了人身事故。 1.机械手的组成 1.1 执行机构 机械手主要由执行机构、驱动机构和控制系统三大部分组成。其组成及相互关系如下图: (1)手部 手部安装在手臂的前端。手臂的内孔装有转动轴,可把动作传给手腕,以转动、伸屈手腕,开闭手指。 机械手手部的机构系模仿人的手指,分为无关节,固定关节和自由关节三种。手指的数量又可以分为二指、三指和四指等,其中以二指用的最多。可以根据夹持对象的形状和大小配备多种形状和尺寸的夹头,以适应操作需要。

(2)手臂 手臂有无关节和有关节手臂之分本课所做的机械手的手臂采用无关节臂手臂的作用是引导手指准确的抓住工件,并运送到所需要的位置上。为了使机械手能够正确的工作,手臂的三个自由度都需要精确的定位。 总括机械手的运动离不开直线移动和转动二种,因此,它采用的执行机构主要是直线油缸、摆动油缸、电液脉冲马达、伺服油马达、直流伺服马达和步进马达等。 躯干是安装手臂、动力源和执行机构的支架。 1.2 驱动机构 驱动机构主要有四种:液压驱动、气压驱动、电气驱动和机械驱动。其中以液压气动用的最多,占90%以上,电动、机械驱动用的较少。 液压驱动主要是通过油缸、阀、油泵和油箱等实现传动。它利用油缸、马达加上齿轮、齿条实现直线运动;利用摆动油缸、马达与减速器、油缸与齿条、齿轮或链条、链轮等实现回转运动。液压驱动的优点是压力高、体积小、出力大、运动平缓,可无级变速,自锁方便,并能在中间位置停止。缺点是需要配备压力源,系统复杂成本较高。 气压驱动所采用的元件为气压缸、气压马达、气阀等。一般采用4-6 个大气压,个别的达到 8-10 个大气压。它的优点是气源方便,维护简单,成本低。缺点是出力小,体积大。由于空气的可压缩性大,很难实现中间位置的停止,只能用于点位控制,而且润滑性较差,气压系统容易生锈。 电气驱动采用的不多。现在都用三相感应电动机作为动力,用大减速比减速器来驱动执行机构;直线运动则用电动机带动丝杠螺母机构;有的采用直线电动机。通用机械手则考虑用步进电机、直流或交流的伺服电机、变速箱等。电气驱动的优点是动力源简单,维护,使用方便。驱动机构和控制系统可以采用统一形式的动力,出力比较大;缺点是控制响应速度比较慢。机械驱动只用于固定的场合。一般用凸轮连杆机构实现规定的动作。它的优点是动作确实可靠,速度高,成本低;缺点是不易调整。 1.3 控制系统 机械手控制系统的要素,包括工作顺序、到达位置、动作时间和加速度等。 控制系统可根据动作的要求,设计采用数字顺序控制。它首先要编制程序加以存储,然后再根据规定的程序,控制机械手进行工作。随着科学技术的发展,机械手也越来越多的地被应用。

机械手臂外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

外文出处:《Manufacturing Engineering and Technology—Machining》 附件1:外文原文 Manipulator Robot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. I ndustrial robot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be program med to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance a dvantages of their own people and machines, in particular, reflects the people's intellig ence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad p rospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, there has be en CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved lab or productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device . The former time-consuming and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design c omplexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration inte rference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a stron g anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, elec trical hydraulic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and com puter technology and other fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technol ogy. First, an overview of industrial manipulator Robot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Electronics and automotive industries that

机械手设计外文翻译2

译文一 机械手 机器人是典型的机电一体化装置,它综合运用了机械与精密机械、微电子与计算机、自动控制与驱动、传感器与信息处理以及人工智能等多学科的最新研究成果,随着经济的发展和各行各业对自动化程度要求的提高,机器人技术得到了迅速发展,出现了各种各样的机器人产品。现代工业机器人是人类真正的奇迹工程。一个像人那么大的机器人可以轻松地抬起超过一百磅并可以在误差 +-0.006英寸误差范围内重复的移动。更重要的是这些机器人可以每天24小时永不停止地工作。在许多应用中(特别是在自动工业中)他们是通过编程控制的,但是他们一旦编程一次,他们可以重复地做同一工作许多年。机器人产品的实用化,既解决了许多单靠人力难以解决的实际问题,又促进了工业自动化的进程。 目前,由于机器人的研制和开发涉及多方面的技术,系统结构复杂,开发和研制的成本普遍较高,在某种程度上限制了该项技术的广泛应用,因此,研制经济型、实用化、高可靠性机器人系统具有广泛的社会现实意义和经济价值。由于我国经济建设和城市化的快速发展,城市污水排放量增长很快,污水处理己经摆在了人们的议事日程上来。随着科学技术的发展和人类知识水平的提高,人们越来越认识到污水处理的重要性和迫切性,科学家和研究人员发现塑料制品在水中是用于污水处理的很有效的污泥菌群的附着体。塑料制品的大量需求,使得塑料制品生产的自动化和高效率要求成为经济发展的必然。本文结合塑料一次挤出成型机和塑料抓取机械手的研制过程中出现的问题,综述近儿年机器人技术研究和发展的状况,在充分发挥机、电、软、硬件各自特点和优势互补的基础上,对物料抓取机械手整体机械结构、传动系统、驱动装置和控制系统进行了分析和设计,提出了一套经济型设计方案。采用直角坐标和关节坐标相结合的框架式机械结构形式,这种方式能够提高系统的稳定性和操作灵活性。传动装置的作用是将驱动元件的动力传递给机器人机械手相应的执行机构,以实现各种必要的运动,传动方式上采用结构紧凑、传动比大的蜗轮蜗杆传动和将旋转运动转换为直线运动的螺旋传动。机械手驱动系统的设计往往受到作业环境条件的限制,同时也要考虑价格因素的影响以及能够达到的技术水平。由于步进电机能够直接接收数字量,响应速度快而且工作可靠并无累积误差,常用作数字控制系统驱动机构的动力元件,因此,在驱动装置中采用由步进电机构成的开环控制方式,这种方式既能满足控制精度的要求,又能达到经济性、实用化目的,在此基础上,对步进电机的功率计一算及选型问题经行了分析。在完成机械结构和驱动系统设计的基础上,对物料抓取机械手运动学和动力学进行了分析。运动学分析是路径规

机械手外文翻译

机械手外文翻译 . Manipulator Along with our country the rapid development of industrial production, rapidly improve degree of automation, implementation artifacts of handling, steering, transmission or toil for welding gun, spray gun, spanner and other tools for processing, assembly operations such as automation, should cause the attention of people more and more. Manipulator is to imitate the people part of the action, according to a given program, track and demanding acquirement, handling or operation of the automatic device. Applied in the industrial production of the manipulator is referred to as "industrial manipulator". Application manipulator can improve the automation of production water in production and labor productivity; Can reduce labor fatigue strength, to ensure product quality, implement safety production; Especially in high temperature and high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as harsh environment, it instead of people normal work, the more significant. Therefore, in the machining, casting, welding, heat treatment, electroplating, spray painting, assembly, and light industry, transportation industry get more and more extensive application, etc.

智能机器人外文翻译

Robot Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal,The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding. With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration, electronic, software and hardware. In this article, the mechanical configuration combines the character of direction coordinate and the arthrosis coordinate which can improve the stability and operation flexibility of the system. The main function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit power to implement department and complete the necessary movement. In this transmission structure, the screw transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion into linear motion. Worm gear can give vary transmission

工业机器人机械手外文翻译

外文翻译 Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control 机器人学入门 力学与控制 系别:机械与汽车工程系 专业名称:机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名:郭仕杰 学号:06101315 指导教师姓名、职称:贺秋伟副教授 完成日期2014 年2 月28日

Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control Abstract This book introduces the science and engineering of mechanical manipulation. This branch of the robot has been in several classical field based. The main related fields such as mechanics, control theory, computer science. In this book, Chapter 1 through 8 topics ranging from mechanical engineering and mathematics, Chapter 9 through 11 cover control theory of material, and twelfth and 13 may be classified as computer science materials. In addition, this book emphasizes the computational aspects of the problem; for example, each chapter it mainly mechanical has a brief section calculation. This book is used to teach the class notes introduction to robotics, Stanford University in the fall of 1983 to 1985. The first and second versions have been through 2002 in use from 1986 institutions. Using the third version can also benefit from the revised and improved due to feedback from many sources. Thanks to all those who modified the author's friends. This book is suitable for advanced undergraduates the first grade curriculum. If students have contributed to the dynamics and linear algebra course in advanced language program in a basic course of statics. In addition, it is helpful, but not absolutely necessary, let the students finish the course control theory. The purpose of this book is a simple introduction to the material, intuitive way. Specifically, does not need the audience mechanical engineer strict, although much of the material is from the field. At the Stanford University, many electrical engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians find this book very readable. Here we only on the important part to extract. The main content 1、B ackground The historical characteristics of industrial automation is popular during the period of rapid change. Either as a cause or an effect of automation technology, period of this change is closely linked to the world economy. Use of industrial robots, can be identified in a unique device 1960's, with the development of computer aided design (CAD) system and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) system, the latest trends, automated manufacturing process. The technology is the leading industrial automation through another transition, its scope is still unknown. In

相关主题
相关文档 最新文档