专题一冠词和名词
一、冠词
一、概念
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有两种，一种是定冠词the，另一种是不定冠词a和an。
二、用法
1．不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源，是―一个‖的意思。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an 则用于以元音音素开头的单词前，均表示泛指。
(1)表示―一个‖，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。
A Mr Ling is waiting for you.
(2)代表一类人或物。
As a middle school student, I must put all my heart into my studies.
Tom wants to buy an English－Chinese dictionary for his sister's birthday.
(3)词组或短语。
a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry
2．定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有―那(这)个‖的意思，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。
Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.
(2)上文提到过的人或事。
The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.
(3)指世上独一物二的事物。
the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth
(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar―美元‖；the fox―狐狸‖。与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人。the rich―富人‖；the living―生者；活着的人‖。
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
名词
一、概念
名词：名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象或抽象概念等名称的词。
专有名词：表示具体的人、事物、地点、机构、国家或地区的名词。
普通名词：表示某些人、某类事物、某种物质的名称或指某种抽象概念。
可数名词：可数名词所表示的人或事物是可以数来计算的，有单、复数形式。
不可数名词：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数字来计算，没有词形的变化，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。
二、用法
名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语等成分。
Computers now play an important part in our everyday life.(主语)
Tom bought an English－Chinese dictionary last Sunday.(宾语)
Who is the girl performing the dance on the stage？(表语)
Mr Wang, our_headteacher,_will give us a talk this afternoon.(同位语)
They decided to meet at the school gate and start off by bus.(定语)
一、冠词
高考试题中对冠词的考查常常集中在以下几个方面：
1．姓氏与冠词
在姓氏的前面加上不定冠词a(n)可以表示―某一个‖，在姓氏的复数前面加上定冠词the可以表示―一家人、夫妻两人、兄妹多人‖等。
A Mr Brown is waiting for you at the school gate.
The Smiths were watching TV when I came to their house.
2．零冠词(即不加冠词)的用法
名词前一般需要加冠词，但是在下列情况下不用冠词：
(1)在国名、人名及表示季节、月份、和星期的名词前；
Having separated from the other continents for millions of years, Australia has some unique animals. People in the country go swimming in summer and go skating in winter.
(2)在抽象名词和物质名词前；
Failure is the mother of success.
As is known to all, we can't live without water.
(3)当表示官衔、职位的名词在句中作宾语、表语和补语时；
Obama was elected President of the United States in October 2008.
(4)在表示三餐和球类运动的名词前；
What shall we have for supper?
My little sister is fond of playing football.
3．不定冠词的位置
不定冠词一般位于名词或其修饰语之前，当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
This is so difficult a problem that I can't work it out myself.
Little Mary is as good a dancer as her elder sister.
4．不定冠词在短语中的应用
英语中一些有―动词＋名词‖构成的短语，有的名词前有不定冠词，有的没有冠词，这一类的短语应该牢记。
make room留空；take place发生
catch sight of看见；make sense有意义
take hold of抓住；keep order维持秩序
have a gift for有……天赋；make a present for给……做礼物
take a look at看一看；make a difference有差别
do sb a favor给某人恩惠；have a cold感冒
5．词组中有无the意思的差别
在有些词组中有没有the，词组的含义不同。
out of question毫无疑问；out of the question毫无可能
in charge of负责；in the charge of被……负责
in store储备；in the store在商店
on watch值班；on the watch留意
at church做礼拜；at the church在教堂
二、名词
分析近几年的高考试题我们可以看出高考在单项填空中对名词的考查主要体现在以下几个方
面：
1．抽象名词的具体化
英语中的抽象名词属不可数名词的范畴，没有复数形式，也不能和不定冠词连用。但当一些抽象名词表示具体概念时，既有复数形式，也可加不定冠词。常见的这类词有：
success成功；成功的事或人
failure失败；失败的人或事
knowledge知识；一门知识
difficulty困难；难题
necessity必要性；必需品
beauty美；美人；美丽的东西
danger；危险危险的事情
pleasure快乐；快乐的事
Though he was seriously injured, the doctor said he was out of danger.(抽象)
The man looked round carefully for hidden
dangers.(具体)
The teacher looked at what was happening in great surprise.(抽象)
His coming back at midnight was a great surprise to the family.(具体)
2．单复数含义不同的名词
英语中有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。常见的这类词有：
paper纸—papers论文
water水—waters水域
custom习惯—customs海关
manner方式—manners礼貌
look看—looks外貌；
time时间—times时代
wood木材—woods树林
sand沙子—sands沙滩
As is known to all, bamboo can be made into paper.
We are supposed to hand in our papers at the end of this term.
3．作定语的名词
名词作定语时，通常表示中心词的用途、材料、时间、地点等。
silver coins银元
peace talks和谈
stone houses石头房子
heart trouble心脏病
book shop书店
history teacher历史教师
evening school夜校
flower show花展
注意：
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
①用复数作定语。
sports meeting 运动会
students reading－room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌
the foreign languages department 外语系
②man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
a man worker—men workers
a woman teacher—women teachers
4．名词的双重所有格
―of ＋n. ＋－'s‖为双重所有格结构，它和of所有格所表示的意义差别不大，但有时各有侧重。双重所有格表示部分概念，of所有格表示所属关系。试比较：
This is a picture of his brother's. 这是他弟弟的一张照片。(强调众多照片中的一张)
This is a picture of his brother. 这是他弟弟的照片。(强调照片上是他本人)
一般说来，当名词前有a(n), any, some, several, few, another及two, three等数字时，通常使用双重所有格。
5．短语中的名词
名词可以和动词、介词构成大量的固定短语，在这些短语中有的名词用单数，有的用复数，有的加冠词，有的不加冠词，对这部分内容同学们要特别留意。
catch sight of看见
take turns轮流
make an apology to向……道歉
pay attention to注意
make friends with交朋友
make an effort努力
Can you spare me a few minutes? I want to have a word with you?
The students in our class took turns to look after the old man.
6．词义辨析
英语中有些名词的意思相同或相近，但在使用上有所差别，高考试题常常出现这类题目。sight, view, scene, scenery 都与―风景、景色‖有关。
reward, award, prize 都与―奖励、奖品‖有关。
reason, cause, excuse, explanation 都与―原因、解释‖有关。
高考真题探究（2006—2011年）
冠词
2011全国卷,33It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
A.a; a
B.a; the
C.the; the
D.a; 不填
答案 A
考点考查冠词的用法。
解析句意为―人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉，能挺身而出，勇于战斗。‖a boy 和a man都是泛指，表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。因此选A。2011全国卷II,16As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.
A. the;不填
B. a; the
C.不填a
D. the; a
答案 D
考点考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。
解析句意为―当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。‖the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门，a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。2011山东卷,21Take your time—it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.
A.不填；the
B. a; the
C. the; a
D.不填；a
答案 B
考点考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。
解析句意为―别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。‖a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。选B。
2011浙江卷,2Experts think that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picsso.
A.the ;不填
B. a ;the
C. a ; 不填
D. the; a
答案 D
考点考查冠词在语境中的用法。
解析句意为―专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。‖the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picsso’s painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。因此选D。2011四川卷,18Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, ―fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.‖
A. 不填；A
B.不填；The
C.the; The
D.a; A
答案 A
考点考查冠词的用法。
解析句意为―校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。‖headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。因此选A。
2011重庆卷,26In communication, a smile is usually __________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.
A. the, /
B. a, an
C. a, /
D. the, an
答案 C
考点考查冠词的用法。
解析句意为―在相互交流中，微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。‖a 用在可数名词sign前，泛指一类事物；friendly and open 是并列，修饰attitude。因此选C。
2011陕西卷,13As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
A.the ;不填
B. 不填；the
C. the ；the
D. 不填；不填
答案 C
考点考查冠词的用法。
解析句意为―众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。‖第一个定冠词the 用在表示国家的名词前；第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。因此选C。2011江西卷22——It’s said John will be in a job paying over ＄60,000 _____ year.
—— Right, he will also get paid by _____ week.
A. the; the
B. a; the
C. the; a
D.a; a
答案 B
考点考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。
解析前一句句意为：据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作，表时间单位每年，冠词用a，后一句说没错，他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。因此选B。
〖10福建〗It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
A. 不填, a
B. a, 不填
C. the, a
D. a, the
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗冠词的使用
〖解析〗good feeling并非特指, 故用a；pleasure是抽象名词, 无需冠词。句意为―人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐, 这是（一）种不错的感觉‖ a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉, give sb pleasure。
〖10山东〗If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A. 不填；the
B. 不填；a
C. the; a
D. the；the
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。
〖解析〗句意应为―如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部, 就会有更好的视野‖表示―某空间内部的前部‖时, front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配, 表示―视野开阔, 视野良好‖之意；所以C项符合语境。
〖10江苏〗The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.
A.不填；a
B. 不填；the
C. the；a
D. the；the
〖答案〗A.
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏
〖10辽宁〗There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A. the; the
B. 不填; the
C. the; 不填
D. a; the
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词。
〖解析〗第一空in space 是固定短语, 不用冠词, 第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词, 其前必须用定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体, 其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。
〖10北京〗First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _____ second chance to make _____ first impression.
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. a; a
D. the; a
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗冠词
〖解析〗很多同学错在第二个空to make a first impression上了。在做题的时候不够细心, 因为此题的句意是：第一印象是最持久的。总之, 你永远不可能有第二个机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。本题强调的重点是第二个机会a second chance;第二次留一个第一印象, make a first impression. first为干扰因素。
若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。
〖10重庆〗Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, a
B. the, /
C. the, a
D. a, /
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词。
〖解析〗price意思是―代价‖, 为可数名词, 第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词, 故选D项。〖10浙江〗Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.
A. a; /
B. /; the
C. a; the
D. /; /
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查冠词。
〖解析〗句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害, 他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词, 对……有害用短语―do harm to‖表示, 中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式
表示抽象的名词, 表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。
〖10四川〗In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词。
〖解析〗most countries此处表泛指, most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为―一个高起点的开始‖, 故用a ,正确答案为D。
〖09安徽〗We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. 2
A. a; a
B. a; the 21世纪教育网
C. the; a
D. the; the 21世纪教〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗因为sky和world原本是独一无二的, 但这里前面都有了形容词修饰, 表示会出现一个什么样的sky和world, 这里就属于泛指了。
〖09北京〗The biggest whale is ______ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of _______ 9-story building. 21世纪教育网
A. the; the
B. a; a
C. a; the
D. the; a 21世纪教育网
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空用the+n表示类别, 是指blue whale这一类动物；第二空用a表示泛指。
〖09江西〗Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world. 21世纪教育网
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. an; the
D. the; a 21世纪教育网
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查冠词用法。
〖解析〗Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指, weather 这里是特指全球的气候, 根据the weather around the world 可知。
〖09海南〗Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法
〖解析〗go to the cinema 表示具体的某地, for a while 固定搭配, 表示―一会儿‖。
〖09陕西〗What ___ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive ___ prize!
A. a; a
B. the; a
C. a; the
D. the; the
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词。
〖解析〗第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that…, 用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指, 用定冠词the, 选C。
〖09四川〗In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study ________ second foreign language. 21世纪教育网
A. the; a
B. a; a
C. the; the
D. a; the 21世纪教育网
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作, 他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一, 再一。21世纪教育网
〖09浙江〗I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.
A. the; a
B. 不填; the
C. the; 不填
D. a; the
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗前空构成短语get a+adj+idea of sth, 泛指一种大体的想法, 后空指双方都知道的那个project计划。
〖09重庆〗Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.
A. a; the
B. /; a 21世纪教育网
C. /; the
D. the; a 21世〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗句意为―中国造的洗衣机已经赢得世界关注, 海尔已成为一个受欢迎的名字。‖
〖09全国II〗What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填
B. the; 不填
C. the; an
D. a; the 21世纪教育网
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗句意―我所需要的是一本包含油画基础知识的书‖。第一空表泛指, 第二空表特指。〖08湖南〗Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
A. the, the
B. 不填, the
C. the, 不填
D. 不填, 不填
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗句意为：你听说这消息了吗？油价又上涨了！第一空特指下文的消息, 应用定冠词the；第二空后的petrol为泛指, 且是不可数名词, 故不用冠词。
〖08江苏〗We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
A. the; the
B.不填；the
C. the; 不填
D. 不填；不填
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗by sea经海路, by the sea在海边；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常加定冠词the。〖08山东〗Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource.
A. 不填；a
B. 不填; the
C. the; the
D. the; a
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗the Internet因特网, 为固定搭配；as a resource ―作为一种资源‖, 此处用a表示泛指。〖08江西〗--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and ____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A. a; a
B. the; the
C. /; /
D. /; a
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗句意为：——开会来晚了我非常抱歉。——这不是你的错, 这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨, 难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。
〖08辽宁〗My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.
A. a; 不填
B. the; the
C. 不填；the
D. a; the
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗句意为：我的邻居叫我去散步, 但我认为我没有（那样的）力气。第一个空go for a walk 为固定短语；第二个空特指散步用的力气。
〖08全国II〗It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break.
A. a ; a
B. the ; a
C. the ; the
D. a ; the
〖答案〗
〖考点〗本题考查冠词。
〖解析〗句意为：开车四个小时而不休息不是一个好主意。第一空―一个好主意‖是泛指；without a break是习惯用法, break也是泛指。
〖08陕西〗I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train.
A. the, a
B. the, the
C. a, the
D. a, a
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗sandwich是可数名词, 且在句中首次出现, 表示泛指, 其前须加不定冠词；而―二十点零八分的火车‖是特指的惟一的概念, 故其前须加定冠词the。
〖08四川〗In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.
A. a; the
B. the ; a
C. the; the
D. a; a
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗句意为：在美国, 总有人不断地涌入乡村地区, 在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of…表示―大量涌入（某地）‖；the country/countryside表示―乡村‖, 与定冠词the连用。〖08浙江〗______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
A. An; the
B. The; the
C. An; 不填
D. The; 不填
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一个空指一个苹果, 是泛指；第二个空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位, 表示―击打某人的某个部位‖。
〖08重庆〗In many places in China, _____ bicycle is still _____ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the
B. /; a
C. the; a
D. the;the
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗the+名词表一类, 后面用a修饰, 指一种……的方式。
〖07 全国II〗—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. /; the
D. the; /
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空：姓氏复数前加the表示一家人, 第二句中a Johnson指―一个叫Johnson的人‖。〖07 山东〗________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring------- packed lunch.
A. A;a
B. The; 不填
C. The ; a
D. A ; 不填
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空指双方都知道的事；第二空表泛指。
〖07 福建〗—How about Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was success.
A.a; a
B.The; a
C.a;不填
D.the; 不填
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空指双方都知道圣诞晚会；第二空表泛指。
〖07 北京〗I looked under _____bed and found ______bokkd I lost last week.
A.the; a
B. the: the
C. 不填；the
D. the:;不填
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗两空都表示特指。
〖07 湖南〗Polar bears live mostly on______sea ice, which they use as ______platform for hunting seals.
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. 不填; a
D. the; 不填
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗sea ice是物质名词, 是不可数名词, 因此不用冠词；第二空表泛指。
〖07 江苏〗We have every reason to believe that_____ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_____ success.
A. / … a
B. the … /
C. the … a
D. a … a
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空表特指；第二空表泛指, success在指某一事物或人时, 为可数名词。
〖07江西〗Many people have come to realize that they ahould go on ___balanced diet and make ____ room in their day for exercise.
A.a;/
B.the; a
C.the;the
D./;a
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空表泛指；第二空room意为―空间‖, 表抽象概念, 是不可数名词。
〖07陕西〗In film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland. A.a; the B.the; a C.the; the D.a; a
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空表特指；第二空表泛指。
〖07 四川〗How about taking ______ short break? I want to make _______ call.
A. the；a
B. a；the
C. the；the
D. a；a
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗take a break是固定词组；第二空表泛指。
〖07 天津〗I wanted to catch ________early train, but couldn’t get ________ ride to the station. A. an, the B. /, the C. an, / D. the, a
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空表特指；第二空表泛指。
〖07 浙江〗I like _____ color of your skirt. It is _____ good match for your blouse.
A. a; the
B. a; a
C. the; a
D. the; the
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空特指―你衣服的颜色‖；第二空表泛指。
〖07 重庆〗Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. a; /
D. /; a
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空泛指―是在一个星期天‖；at church是固定词组。
〖07 辽宁〗Chrismas is _____ special holiday when _______ whole family are supposed to get together.
A. the, the
B. a, a
C. the, a
D. a, the
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗第一空表泛指；第二空表特指。
〖06 全国Ⅰ〗---- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
----- Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填
B. a
C. the
D. one
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗这人的姓名前加不定冠词表示某一个―叫……的人‖。因为叫同一人的名字的现象非常普遍, 所以用不定冠词表示某一个叫什么名字的人。
〖06 全国Ⅱ〗I know you don’t like music very much. But what do you think of music in the film we saw yesterday?
A. 不填；不填
B. the; the
C. the; 不填
D. 不填;the
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗music意为―音乐‖, 前不用冠词。第二个music指电影中的音乐, 表示特指, 要用定冠词the。
〖06 北京〗—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _________ keyboard.
— You shouldn't put drinks near _________ computer.
A. the;不填
B. the;a
C. a;不填
D. a;a
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗keyboard表示特指, 特指双方心目中的那个键盘, 所以要用定冠词the。computer表示泛指, 所以要用不定冠词a。
〖06 辽宁〗Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was most important one.
A.the;a
B.不填；a
C.不填;the
D.the;the
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗of意为―其中的‖, 后接复数名词时, 名词前要用定冠词the, 特指在有限的范围内―其中的‖某一个某一些。most important是形容词的最高级, 前要用定冠词the。
〖06 湖南〗In________ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of________ heart disease by 76%.
A. a; the
B. the;a
C. a ;不填
D.不填;a
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗review是可数名词, 表示泛指要用不定冠词a。heart disease表示泛指不用冠词。〖(06 山东〗For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.
A. a; a
B.the; a
C. the ; the
D. a; the
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗a, an是不定冠词, 用在一个非特指的名词或名词短语前, 表示单数及不确定的人或物：the是定冠词, 用于指特定的、著称的、重要的人或事物。本句the stage表示双方均知道的特定事物, a means表示一种方法。
〖06 重庆〗Everywhere man has cut down ______forests in order to grow crops, or to use_____wood as fuel or as building material.
A.the;the
B.the;/
C./；the
D./；/
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗forests表示泛指, 前面不用冠词。wood表示特指用于燃料或建筑材料的木材, 所以要用定冠词the。
〖06 陕西〗According to________World Health Organization,health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent________spread of AIDS.
A.the;不填
B.the;the
C.a;a
D.不填;the
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查冠词的用法。
〖解析〗the World Health Organization意为―世界卫生组织‖, 要用定冠词the。根据spread的定语of AIDS可判断出spread特指艾滋病的传播, 要用定冠词the。
名词
【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____.
A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为―教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。‖consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。
【2011福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.
A.result
B.cause
C.warning
D.reflection
【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result 结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。
【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.
A. emotions
B. principles
C. regulations
D. opinions
【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他—这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。
【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s .
A.touch
B.sight
C.reach
D.distance
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。
【2011湖北卷,21】―Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!‖ the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.
A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！‖母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。‖anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。
【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________, but now
I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project
B. commitment
C. competition
D. ambition
【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。
【2011湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _________ younger men.
A. in terms of
B. in need of
C. in favor of
D. in praise of
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。【2011江西卷31】What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
A.sympathy
B.theme
C.object
D.point
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。
【2011山东卷,34】There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition
B. balance
C. concern
D. relationship
【答案】A
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。‖tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。
【2011江苏卷,32】We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time
【答案】A
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general 一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。〖10安徽〗I haven’t seen Sara since she wa s a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______
A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗hearing意为―听力‖；strength意为―力气；力量‖；recognition意为―认出；识别；认识‖；measure意为―测量；措施‖。句意为―……她变得认不出来了。‖
〖10江西〗Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A average
B number
C amount
D quantity
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查名词。
〖解析〗a number of 许多amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
〖10山东〗Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。
〖解析〗句意应为―那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。‖所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示―缓解, 减轻, 解除‖。safety表示―安全, 保险‖；defense 表示―防御, 防护‖；shelter表示―掩蔽, 保护‖。
〖10天津〗James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.
A. room
B. area
C. field
D. position
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查名词意义和用法。
〖解析〗句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是―为……让空‖的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。
〖10江苏〗The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗名词辨析。
〖解析〗reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。
〖10湖北〗This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division
B. area
C. range
D. circle
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查名词/名词短语。
〖解析〗此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。―这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。‖ ―a range of ―强调一个系列, 而―a wide range of‖意为―各种各样的‖。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的―从句套从句‖。―for‖引导原因状语从句, ―that‖引导定语从句。
〖〗After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation
B. occupation
C. equipment
D. furniture.
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾―earthquake‖相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇―accommodation‖表示―住处‖应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道―occupation‖表示―占用‖或者―工作, 职业‖；―furniture‖表示―家具‖；―equipment‖表示―设备, 器材‖就能选出正确答案D了。〖10浙江〗The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.
A. solution
B. target
C. measure
D. function
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。
〖09安徽〗China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation
B. influence
C. impression
D. knowledge
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗
〖09福建〗The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay
B. effort
C. schedule
D. consideration
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。
〖09湖北〗Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.
A. respect
B. friendship
C. reputation
D. character
〖答案〗D.
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。
〖09湖北〗In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal
B. chance
C. mark
D. measure
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance ―机会‖, mark ―分数, 痕迹‖, measure ―方法, 措施‖。
〖09江西〗The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s
B. girls’; Toms’
C. girls’; Tom’s
D. girl’s; Toms’ K5u
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词所有格。
〖解析〗名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易
〖09海南〗Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.
A. draw
B. strike
C. rush
D. push
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤, 逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 应选D。〖09山东〗-------He says that my new car is a ____________ of money.
-------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?
A. lack
B. load
C. question
D. waste
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。
〖09陕西〗Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage
B. position
C. condition
D. situation
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗名词词义辨析；stage：舞台, 时期, 阶段；position：位置；condition：条件, 情况；situation：形式, 情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。
〖09天津〗I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .
考点一：名词和名词辨析 1. While she was in Paris, she developed a __________ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 2.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3. A.worth B.supply C.package D. list 4.With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better. 5. A.share B.chance C. turn D. lead 6.Poetry written from the _________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. 7. A.perspective B.priority C.participation D. privilege 8.Carbon dioxide, which makes a __________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. 9. A.difference https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a9539427.html,parison C.connection D. barrier 10.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _______ . 11. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C. envy D. patience 12.The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious. 13. A.harm B.injury C. ruin D. damage 14.Your __________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflection on how you learn. 15. A.operation B.growth C. performance D. character 16.My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 17. A.expression B.attention C.satisfaction D. impression 18.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ . 19. A.purpose B.reference C.progress D. memory 20.It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ____ . 21. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 22.You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _________ between work and relaxation. 23. A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary 24.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ . 25. A. consequence B.independence https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a9539427.html,petence D. intelligence 26.Anyway, I can’t cheat him---it’s against all my ________ . 27. A. emotions B.principles C.regulations D. opinions 28.There’s a _______ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. 29. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D. relationship 30.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _________ . 31. A.hearing B. strength C.recognition D. measure 32.This restaurant has become popular for its wide _______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 33. A. division B.area C.range D. circle
高三英语一轮复习语法专题--名词精选专练2 1.The application of VR in classroom teaching received a mixed ____among students. A. explanation B. motivation C. reception D. adaptation 2.The new discovery of oil is of great ______ to this area's economy. A. performance B. significance C. satisfaction D. assumption 3.In the past, science class started from grade three. But the new curriculum allows junior students ______to natural sciences earlier. A. priority B. privilege C. adaptation D. access 4.Tony gave Claire a new and changed the makeup she wore. A. housewife B. haircut C. handle D. helmet 5.Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are open to visitors free. However, free ______ might lead to some social problems as well. A. accommodation B. attraction C. admission D. adjustment 6.Unlike most of the students, Susan divided her apple into ______. A. halves B. halfs C. half D. a half 7.After the usual greetings and some ______ about the weather, the men got down to their own business. A. statements B. declarations C. expressions D. remarks 8.We can't make ______ of what the teacher is saying. A. sense B. a sense C. senses D. tense 9.If people keep polluting the ocean, no creature there will survive _____. A. at all cost B. for a long while C. in the long run D. by no means 10.He turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror with a serious, studied ______ that soon changed into a smile. A. impression B. expression C. conclusion D. information 11.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families. A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture 12. attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accidents. A. Drivers not paying; invitation B. Drivers' not paying; invitation C. Drivers not paying; cause D. Drivers' not paying; cause 13.（2015.福建）The failure was a big _____ to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. factor 14.Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this______ out of the long-existing discrimination. A. concept B. responsibility C. identity D. personality 15.Playing online games too much will do ________ to your health.
第一集语法填空核心考点考点突破 ——冠词——与名词共生共存 【考向聚焦】 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a，an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知，冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有：冠词的基本用法；在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法；冠词的特殊用法；冠词在句子中的位置。对应学生用书P1 用适当的冠词填空 1．(2013?福建，21) The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development. 解析考查冠词。根据句意，中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦，可知，两空都用不定冠词a。 答案a；a 2．(2013?江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man. 解析考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”；第二空man表“人类”，不用冠词。 答案a；不填 3．(2013?山东，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky. 解析考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜
空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。 答案a；the 4．(2013?江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century. 解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the；第二空为固定短语，表示在多少世纪“in the－th century”，需加定冠词。 答案the；the 5．(2013?浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. 解析考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”；at an early age 意为“在年纪很小时”，故均填不定冠词。 答案a；an 6．(2013?重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee. 解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句，故应该特指；第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”，使用不定冠词。 答案the；an 7．(2012?新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction. 解析考查冠词的用法。句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画；后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指，不用冠词。
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
英语冠词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择冠词 1．An engineer has designed _______ robot that can work in _______ deep sea to clean waste. A．a; the B．a; a C．/; the D．the; / 【答案】A 【解析】 这题考查冠词;第一空填a，泛指“一个机器人”，第二空填the，特指“在深海”，句意是：一个工程师发明的一个机器人可以在深海工作清除废物的。选A。 2．Mr. Brown, ______ chairman of the trade union, will visit our factory in _____ month of May. A．/; the B．a; the C．the; / D．the; the 【答案】A 【解析】 这题冠词的用法：第一空不填，因为chairman是职位，第二空填the，是特指5月。选A。 3．----- Do you go to ______ church every Sunday? ----- Yes. I believe _______God blesses me all _____ time. A．the;/; the B．/ ; /; / C．a; /; the D．/; /; the 【答案】D 【解析】 考查冠词，第一空不填，表示go to church“去教堂”，第二空不填，上帝前面不加冠词，第三空填the，all the time“一直”，句意是：|你每个星期天做礼拜吗？|是的，我相信上帝会一直保佑我的。选D。 4．_______ meeting held last night was _________ great success. A．A; a B．A ; / C．The ; a D．The ; / 【答案】C 【解析】 考查冠词。The meeting为特指昨天晚上举行的会议；success作为成功的人或事，为可数名词，选C。 5．What ________ wonderful time we had at ________ Smiths’ then! A．a; 不填B．a; the C．不填；the D．the; the 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：那时我们在史密斯家有一段多么美好的日子呀！第一空：time 在这指日子，时期。是可数名词所以用a,第二空：the+ Smiths,指史密斯一家，所以选B。
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the moon, the sun. 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如： the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如： on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如： the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如： the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如： the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）： 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如： China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。 2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street. 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如： We are students.
高考英语冠词练习题及答案 高考英语对冠词的考查几乎每年都有一道题，而且都设两空，以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考英语冠词主要考查其基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。以下搜集整理的，供大家学习参考： 考点一、考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法 1. How about taking_____short break？I want to make_____cal l. A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a 「解析」答案为D.take a short break“休息一会儿”，make a call“打一个电话”。 2. Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together. A. the；the B. a；a C. the；a D. a；the 「解析」答案为D.a special holiday指“某一个特别的节日”；the whole family为特指。 考点二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法 1. I looked under_____bed and found____ books I lost last week. A. the；a B. the；the C. 不填；the D. the；不填 「解析」答案为B.此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”；the books指“所丢的书”。 2. I like_____color of your skirt. It is____ good match for your blouse. A. a；the B. a；a C. the； a D. the；the 「解析」答案为C. the color指“你衬衫的颜色”；a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一种好颜色”。 考点三、考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配 1. George couldn‘t remember when he first met Mr. Ande rson，but he was sure it was____ Sunday because everybody was at____ church. A. /；the B. the；/ C. a；/ D. /；a 「解析」答案为C.a Sunday泛指某一个星期天；at church为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为“在做礼拜”。 2. Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and make___room in their day for exercise. A. a；/ B. the；a C. the；the D. /；a 「解析」答案为A.a balanced diet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”；make room为固定搭配，意为“腾出空间”。 考点四、考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法 1. —How about_____Christmas evening party？ —I should say it was_____success. A. a；a B. the；a C. a；不填 D. the；不填 「解析」答案为B.the Christmas evening party为特指刚结束的圣诞晚会；a success考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词用法。success 原为抽象名词，不可数，但在此处已经完全具体化而变为可数名词。题中a success意为“一次成功的晚会”。当抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人和事时，这个抽象名词已经变为可数名词，再如What a pleasant surprise you gave us！意为“你真的给我们带来了惊喜”。 「精选试题」名校模拟题及其答案 1（盐城中学高一年级12月份阶段考试，21）We‘ll be traveling by ________ camel across the desert before we go to ________university. A. /；the B. the；/ C. /；/ D. the；a 2（沈阳二中2008—2009学年度上学期12月月考，8）Richard Powers‘ The Echo Mak er，____ novel set in ___ small t own of Kearney，Nebraska，US，has won the 57th US National Book Award for fiction. A. the；the B. a；a； C. a；the D. /；the 3（辽宁省营口市08-09学年普通高中高二上学期期末质量检测，1）He is in ____ control of the company. I mean，the company
语法复习十五：名词 （一）考纲要求 名词应掌握以下内容：分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和of格的语言现象；名词直接作定语；国家名词的正确使用；名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等；time及常考点。 （三）知识概要 英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称，它的第一个字母必须大写。如：Einstain, Beijing, Asia等。普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称，可分为：个体名词（可数，如：worker, father, book, tree, school等）；集体名词（可数，如：people, family, class, team等）；物质名词（不可数，如：iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等）；抽象名词（不可数，如：life, thought, idea, strength等）。 注意：可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异——即学习的重点。而很多英语名词具有双重性。即，名词的类别不是固定不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换，其名词类别的转换可归纳如下： 1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词 e.g. Our school is not far from my home.（个体）我们学校离我家不远。 School is over at six.（抽象）六点钟放学。 2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词 e.g. He broke a piece of glass.（物质）他打破了一块玻璃。 He broke a glass.（个体）他打破了一个杯子。 3、个体名词转专有名词 e.g. His father is a teacher.（个体）他父亲是个教师。 “What are you doing there?” Father asked.（专有）“你在那儿干什么？”父亲问道。 （四）名词的数 名词分为可数（有单、复数形式）和不可数名词（只有单数形式）。 1、可数名词单数变复数： ①一般加s ：lesson → lessons, pen → pens ②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es ：buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes 但有些以o结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, photo → photos, zoo → zoos ③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i，再加es ：city → cities, story → stories ④以f 或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es ：knif e → knives, leaf → leaves 但有些以f 结尾的名词，是在f后加s，构成复数形式：belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe （保险箱）→ safes, proof（证据）→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs 2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况： ①单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep ②不规则变化：man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen。但是，German → Germans ③复合名词的复数形式：editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers
2020年高考英语语法必考知识点：动名词专项练习单项选择 1. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 2. Bill suggested __ __ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 3. He told us whether ____ ___ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. It is worth considering what makes“convenience” foods so popular, and ___ ___ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 5. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried __ ___ alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived Keys: DCBCA
高三英语语法与惯用法知识点：习惯上后接t o do sth的名词 有些名词后接一个动词作定语时，该动词通常用不定式形式，而不用of doing sth结构。这类名词比较常用的有以下一些。 1. agreement 协议 表示“做某事的协议”，其后通常接不定式。如： They had an agreement never to talk about work at home. 他们约定在家里决不谈工作。 We have an agreement to always tell each other the truth about everything. 我们约定无论何时彼此都要讲实话。 2. appointment 约定 表示“做某事的约定”，其后通常接不定式，尤其用于have [make] an appointment to do sth结构。如： I have an appointment to see the doctor. 我约好要去看医生。 I’ve got an appointment to see Ms Edwards at two o’clock. 我与爱德华在2点钟有约会。 I keep trying to make an appointment to see him, but he has been ducking me. 我一直努力约见他，但他始终回避我。 有时不定式前可以用for sb引出不定式的逻辑主语。如： She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。 3. anxiety 渴望；焦急，着急 表示“某人急于(渴望)做某事”，其后通常接不定式。如：
高考英语语法专题复习 一、名词Nouns 一、名词的种类： 1、专有名词 1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词） 2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。 （由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。） 2、普通名词 物质名词：water,rice, oil, paper...... 1）不可数名词 抽象名词：health, trouble, work, pleasure, honor...... 注： ①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如：have a wonderful time. make a great progress. ②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ③不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。 如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows ...... | | | | 各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水大片水域积雪 ④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties ⑤在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper...... 2）可数名词： ①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A bird can fly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. ②有复数形式： a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（略） b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(pheno mena)； 注：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）......。如， a sheep, two sheep d）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes...... e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means. f）形单实复：people (人民，人们；表民族时复数+s），the police, cattle等 g）集合名词：family, public, group, class等。作为整体时，为单数；作为整体中的各个成员时， 为复数。如：My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h）合成名词变复数时: a.只把复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式。如：
1．(2012年高考江西卷)The Smiths don't usually like staying at ________ hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea. A．/；a B．the；the C．/；the D．the；a 解析：句意：史密斯一家通常不喜欢住旅馆，但是去年夏天他们在海边一家不错的旅馆住了几天。本题考查冠词的基本用法和习惯用法。第一空后复数名词hotels在本句中表示泛指，故用零冠词，排除B、D两项；第二空by the sea为习惯用语，意为“在海边(＝on the coast)”。 答案：C 2．(2011年高考浙江卷)Experts think that ________ re cently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso. A．the；/ B．a；the C．a；/ D．the；a 解析：句意：专家们认为近来发现的那部绘画作品可能是毕加索的作品。句中painting前有修饰语recently discovered，所以此处的painting是特指，故其前用定冠词the；第二个空后的Picasso本来是专有名词，指“毕加索”其人，但是在本句中，它指的是“一部毕加索的作品”，所以其前用不定冠词a，这实际上是专有名词具体化的使用。 答案：D 3．(2012年高考浙江卷)The development of industry has been ________ gradual process throughout ________ human existence，from stone tools to modern technology. A．/；the B．the；a C．a；/ D．a；a 解析：句意：在整个人类历史上，从石器时代到现代科技时代，工业的发展