Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre SIAC Rules 4th Edition, 1 July 2010 (Download PDF format)
1. Scope of Application and Interpretation
2. Notice, Calculation of Periods of Time
3. Notice of Arbitration
4. Response to the Notice of Arbitration
5. Expedited Procedure
6. Number and Appointment of Arbitrators
7. Sole Arbitrator
8. Three Arbitrators
9. Multi-party Appointment of Arbitrator(s)
10. Qualifications of Arbitrators
11. Challenge of Arbitrators
12. Notice of Challenge
13. Decision on Challenge
14. Replacement of an Arbitrator
15. Repetition of Hearings in the Event of Replacement of an Arbitrator
16. Conduct of the Proceedings
17. Submissions by the Parties
18. Seat of Arbitration
19. Language of Arbitration
20. Party Representatives
21. Hearings
22. Witnesses
23. Tribunal-Appointed Experts
24. Additional Powers of the Tribunal
25. Jurisdiction of the Tribunal
26. Interim and Emergency Relief
27. Applicable law, amiable compositeur
28. The Award
29. Correction of Awards and Additional Awards
30. Fees and Deposits
31. Costs of Arbitration
32. Tribunal's Fees and Expenses
33. Party's Legal and Other Costs
34. Exclusion of Liability
35. Confidentiality
36. General Provisions
SCHEDULE 1 - EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR
SCHEDULE 2 - SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SIAC DOMESTIC ARBITRATION RULES
Rule 1: Scope of Application and Interpretation
1.1 Where parties have agreed to refer their disputes to the SIAC for arbitration, the parties
shall be deemed to have agreed that the arbitration shall be conducted and administered in accordance with these Rules. If any of these Rules is in conflict with a mandatory provision of the applicable law of the arbitration from which the parties cannot derogate, that provision shall prevail.
1.2 These Rules shall come into force on 1 July 2010 and unless the parties have agreed
otherwise, shall apply to any arbitration which is commenced on or after that date.
1.3 In these Rules –
“Award” means any deci sion of the Tribunal on the substance of the dispute and includes
a partial or final award or an award by an Emergency Arbitrator pursuant to Schedule 1;
“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Centre;
"Centre" means the Singapore International Arbitration Centre, a company incorporated under the Companies Act of the Republic of Singapore as a company limited by guarantee;
"Chairman" means the Chairman of the Centre and includes the Deputy Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer;
“Committee of the Board” means a committee consisting of not less than two Board members appointed by the Chairman (which may include the Chairman);
"Registrar" means the Registrar of the Centre and includes any Deputy Registrar;
"Tribunal" includes a sole arbitrator or all the arbitrators where more than one is appointed;
Any pronoun shall be understood to be gender-neutral; and
Any singular noun shall be understood to refer to the plural in the appropriate circumstances.
Rule 2: Notice, Calculation of Periods of Time
2.1 For the purposes of these Rules, any notice, communication or proposal, shall be in
writing. Any such written communication may be delivered or sent by registered postal or courier service or transmitted by any form of electronic communication (including electronic mail and facsimile) or delivered by any other means that provides an independent record of its delivery. It is deemed to have been received if it is delivered (i) to the addressee personally, (ii) to his habitual residence, place of business or designated address, (iii) to any address agreed by the parties, (iv) according to the practice of the parties in prior dealings, or (v) if none of these can be found after making reasonable inquiry, then at the addressee's last-known residence or place of business.
2.2 The notice, communication, or proposal is deemed to have been received on the day it is
delivered.
2.3 For the purposes of calculating any period of time under these Rules, such period shall
begin to run on the day following the day when a notice, communication or proposal is received. If the last day of such period is not a business day at the place of receipt pursuant to Rule 2.1, the period is extended until the first business day which follows.
Non-business days occurring during the running of the period of time are included in calculating the period.
2.4 The parties shall file with the Registrar a copy of any notice, communication or proposal
concerning the arbitral proceedings.
Rule 3: Notice of Arbitration
3.1 A party wishing to commence an arbitration (the "Claimant") shall file with the Registrar
a Notice of Arbitration which shall comprise:
a. a demand that the dispute be referred to arbitration;
b. the names, addresses, telephone number(s), facsimile number(s) and electronic
mail address(es), if known, of the parties to the arbitration and their
representatives, if any;
c. a reference to the arbitration clause or the separate arbitration agreement that is
invoked and a copy of it;
d. a reference to the contract out of or in relation to which the dispute arises and where
possible, a copy of it;
e. a brief statement describing the nature and circumstances of the dispute, specifying
the relief claimed and, where possible, an initial quantification of the claim amount;
f. a statement of any matters which the parties have previously agreed as to the
conduct of the arbitration or with respect to which the Claimant wishes to make a
proposal;
g. a proposal for the number of arbitrator(s) if this is not specified in the arbitration
agreement;
h. unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the nomination of an arbitrator if the
arbitration agreement provides for three arbitrators, or a proposal for a sole
arbitrator if the arbitration agreement provides for a sole arbitrator;
i. any comment as to the applicable rules of law;
j. any comment as to the language of the arbitration; and
k. payment of the requisite filing fee.
3.2 The Notice of Arbitration may also include the Statement of Claim referred to in Rule
17.2.
3.3 The date of receipt of the complete Notice of Arbitration by the Registrar shall be deemed
the date of commencement of the arbitration. For the avoidance of doubt, the Notice of Arbitration is deemed to be complete when all the requirements of Rule 3.1 are fulfilled.
The Centre shall notify the parties on the commencement of arbitration.
3.4 The Claimant shall at the same time send a copy of the Notice of Arbitration to the
Respondent, and it shall notify the Registrar that it has done so, specifying the mode of service employed and the date of service.
Rule 4: Response to the Notice of Arbitration
4.1 The Respondent shall send to the Claimant a Response within 14 days of receipt of the
Notice of Arbitration. The Response shall contain:
a. a confirmation or denial of all or part of the claims;
b. a brief statement describing the nature and circumstances of any counterclaim,
specifying the relief claimed and, where possible, an initial quantification of the
counterclaim amount;
c. any comment in response to any statements contained in the Notice of Arbitration
under Rules 3.1(f), (g), (h), (i) and (j) or any comment with respect to the matters
covered in such rules; and
d. unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the nomination of an arbitrator if the
arbitration agreement provides for three arbitrators or, if the arbitration agreement
provides for a sole arbitrator, agreement with Claimant’s proposal for a sole
arbitrator or a counter-proposal.
4.2 The Response may also include the Statement of Defence and a Statement of
Counterclaim, as referred to in Rules 17.2 and 17.3.
4.3 The Respondent shall at the same time send a copy of the Response to the Registrar,
together with the payment of the requisite filing fee for any counterclaim, and shall notify the Registrar of the mode of service of the Response employed and the date of service.
Rule 5: Expedited Procedure
5.1 Prior to the full constitution of the Tribunal, a party may apply to the Centre in writing for
the arbitral proceedings to be conducted in accordance with the Expedited Procedure under this Rule where any of the following criteria is satisfied:
a. the amount in dispute does not exceed the equivalent amount of S$5,000,000,
representing the aggregate of the claim, counterclaim and any setoff defence;
b. the parties so agree; or
c. in cases of exceptional urgency.
5.2 When a party has applied to the Centre under Rule 5.1, and when the Chairman
determines, after considering the views of the parties, that the arbitral proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Expedited Procedure, the following procedure shall apply:
a. The Registrar may shorten any time limits under these Rules;
b. The case shall be referred to a sole arbitrator, unless the Chairman determines
otherwise;
c. Unless the parties agree that the dispute shall be decided on the basis of
documentary evidence only, the Tribunal shall hold a hearing for the examination of all witnesses and expert witnesses as well as for any argument;
d. The award shall be made within six months from the date when the Tribunal is
constituted unless, in exceptional circumstances, the Registrar extends the time;
and
e. The Tribunal shall state the reasons upon which the award is based in summary
form, unless the parties have agreed that no reasons are to be given.
Rule 6: Number and Appointment of Arbitrators
6.1 A sole arbitrator shall be appointed unless the parties have agreed otherwise or unless it
appears to the Registrar, giving due regard to any proposals by the parties, the complexity, the quantum involved or other relevant circumstances of the dispute, that the dispute warrants the appointment of three arbitrators.
6.2 If the parties have agreed that any arbitrator is to be appointed by one or more of the
parties, or by any third person including the arbitrators already appointed, that agreement shall be treated as an agreement to nominate an arbitrator under these Rules.
6.3 In all cases, the arbitrators nominated by the parties, or by any third person including
the arbitrators already appointed, shall be subject to appointment by the Chairman in his discretion.
6.4 The Chairman shall appoint an arbitrator as soon as practicable. Any decision by the
Chairman to appoint an arbitrator under these Rules shall be final and not subject to appeal.
6.5 The Chairman is entitled in his discretion to appoint any nominee whose appointment
has already been suggested or proposed by any party.
6.6 The terms of appointment of each arbitrator shall be fixed by the Registrar in accordance
with these Rules and Practice Notes for the time being in force, or in accordance with the agreement of the parties.
Rule 7: Sole Arbitrator
7.1 If a sole arbitrator is to be appointed, either party may propose to the other the names
of one or more persons, one of whom would serve as the sole arbitrator. Where the parties have reached an agreement on the nomination of a sole arbitrator, Rule 6.3 shall
apply.
7.2 If within 21 days after receipt by the Registrar of the Notice of Arbitration, the parties
have not reached an agreement on the nomination of a sole arbitrator, or if at any time either party so requests, the Chairman shall make the appointment as soon as practicable.
Rule 8: Three Arbitrators
8.1 If three arbitrators are to be appointed, each party shall nominate one arbitrator.
8.2 If a party fails to make a nomination within 14 days after receipt of a party’s nominat ion
of an arbitrator, or in the manner otherwise agreed by the parties, the Chairman shall proceed to appoint the arbitrator on its behalf.
8.3 Unless the parties have agreed upon another procedure for appointing the third
arbitrator, or if such agreed procedure does not result in a nomination within the time limit fixed by the parties or by the Centre, the third arbitrator, who shall act as the presiding arbitrator, shall be appointed by the Chairman.
Rule 9: Multi-party Appointment of Arbitrator(s)
9.1 Where there are more than two parties in the arbitration, and three arbitrators are to be
appointed, the Claimant shall jointly nominate one arbitrator and the Respondent shall jointly nominate one arbitrator. In the absence of both such joint nominations having been made within 28 days of the filing of the Notice of Arbitration or within the period agreed by the parties, the Chairman shall appoint all three arbitrators and shall designate one of them to act as the presiding arbitrator.
9.2 Where there are more than two parties in the arbitration, and one arbitrator is to be
appointed, all parties are to agree on an arbitrator. In the absence of such a joint nomination having been made within 28 days of the filing of the Notice of Arbitration or within the period agreed by the parties, the Chairman shall appoint the arbitrator.
Rule 10: Qualifications of Arbitrators
10.1 A ny arbitrator, whether or not nominated by the parties, conducting an arbitration under
these Rules shall be and remain at all times independent and impartial, and shall not act as advocate for any party.
10.2 I n making an appointment under these Rules, the Chairman shall have due regard to any
qualifications required of the arbitrator by the agreement of the parties and to such considerations as are likely to secure the appointment of an independent and impartial
arbitrator.
10.3 T he Chairman shall also consider whether the arbitrator has sufficient availability to
determine the case in a prompt and efficient manner appropriate to the nature of the arbitration.
10.4 A n arbitrator shall disclose to the parties and to the Registrar any circumstance that may
give rise to justifiable doubts as to his impartiality or independence as soon as reasonably practicable and in any event before appointment by the Chairman.
10.5 A n arbitrator shall immediately disclose to the parties, to the other arbitrators and to the
Registrar any circumstance of a similar nature that may arise during the arbitration.
10.6 I f the parties have agreed on any qualifications required of an arbitrator, the arbitrator
shall be deemed to meet such qualifications unless a party states that the arbitrator is not so qualified within 14 days after receipt by that party of the notification of the nomination of the arbitrator. In the event of such a challenge, the procedure for challenge and replacement of an arbitrator in Rules 11 to 14 shall apply.
10.7 N o party or anyone acting on its behalf shall have any ex parte communication relating
to the case with any arbitrator or with any candidate for appointment as party-nominated arbitrator, except to advise the candidate of the general nature of the controversy and of the anticipated proceedings and to discuss the candidate’s qualifications, availability or independence in relation to the parties, or to discuss the suitability of candidates for selection as a third arbitrator where the parties or party-designated arbitrators are to participate in that selection. No party or anyone acting on its behalf shall have any ex parte communication relating to the case with any candidate for presiding arbitrator.
Rule 11: Challenge of Arbitrators
11.1 A ny arbitrator may be challenged if circumstances exist that give rise to justifiable
doubts as to the arbitrator's impartiality or independence or if the arbitrator does not possess any requisite qualification on which the parties have agreed.
11.2 A party may challenge the arbitrator nominated by him only for reasons of which he
becomes aware after the appointment has been made.
Rule 12: Notice of Challenge
12.1 A party who intends to challenge an arbitrator shall send a notice of challenge within 14
days after the receipt of the notice of appointment of the arbitrator who is being challenged or, except as provided in Rule 10.6, within 14 days after the circumstances
mentioned in Rule 11.1 or 11.2 became known to that party.
12.2 T he notice of challenge shall be filed with the Registrar and shall be sent simultaneously
to the other party, the arbitrator who is being challenged and the other members of the Tribunal. The notice of challenge shall be in writing and shall state the reasons for the challenge. The Registrar may order a suspension of the arbitration until the challenge is resolved.
12.3 W hen an arbitrator is challenged by one party, the other party may agree to the
challenge. The challenged arbitrator may also withdraw from his office. In neither case does this imply acceptance of the validity of the grounds for the challenge.
12.4 I n instances referred to in Rule 12.3, the procedure provided in Rule 6 and Rules 7, 8 or
9, as the case may be, shall be used for the appointment of the substitute arbitrator, even if during the process of appointing the challenged arbitrator, a party had failed to exercise his right to nominate. The time-limit provided in those Rules shall commence from the date of receipt of the agreement of the other party to the challenge or the challenged arbitrator’s withdrawal.
Rule 13: Decision on Challenge
13.1 I f, within 7 days of receipt of the notice of challenge, the other party does not agree to
the challenge and the arbitrator who is being challenged does not withdraw voluntarily,
a Committee of the Board shall decide on the challenge.
13.2 I f the Committee of the Board sustains the challenge, a substitute arbitrator shall be
appointed in accordance with the procedure provided in Rule 6 and Rules 7, 8 or 9, as the case may be, even if during the process of appointing the challenged arbitrator, a party had failed to exercise his right to nominate. The time-limit provided in those Rules shall commence from the date of the Registrar’s notification to the parties of the decision by the Committee of the Board.
13.3 I f the Committee of the Board denies the challenge, the arbitrator shall continue with the
arbitration unless the Registrar ordered the suspension of the arbitration pursuant to Rule 12.2. Pending the determination of the challenge by the Committee of the Board, the challenged arbitrator shall be entitled to proceed in the arbitration.
13.4 T he Committee of the Board may fix the costs of the challenge and may direct by whom
and how such costs should be borne.
13.5 T he Committee of the Board’s decision made under this Rule shall be final and not
subject to appeal.
Rule 14: Replacement of an Arbitrator
14.1 I n the event of the death or resignation of an arbitrator during the course of the arbitral
proceedings, a substitute arbitrator shall be appointed in accordance with the procedure applicable to the nomination and appointment of the arbitrator being replaced.
14.2 I n the event that an arbitrator refuses or fails to act or in the event of a de jure or de
facto impossibility of him performing his functions or that he is not fulfilling his functions in accordance with the Rules or within prescribed time limits, the procedure for challenge and replacement of an arbitrator provided in Rules 11 to 13 and 14.1 shall apply.
14.3 A fter consulting with the parties, the Chairman may in his discretion remove an
arbitrator who refuses or fails to act, or in the event of a de jure or de facto impossibility of him performing his functions, or if he is not fulfilling his functions in accordance with the Rules or within the prescribed time limits.
Rule 15: Repetition of Hearings in the Event of Replacement of an Arbitrator If under Rules 12 to 14 the sole or presiding arbitrator is replaced, any hearings held previously shall be repeated unless otherwise agreed by the parties. If any other arbitrator is replaced, such prior hearings may be repeated at the discretion of the Tribunal after consulting with the parties. If the Tribunal has issued an interim or partial award, any hearings related solely to that award shall not be repeated, and the award shall remain in effect.
Rule 16: Conduct of the Proceedings
16.1 T he Tribunal shall conduct the arbitration in such manner as it considers appropriate,
after consulting with the parties, to ensure the fair, expeditious, economical and final determination of the dispute.
16.2 T he Tribunal shall determine the relevance, materiality and admissibility of all evidence.
Evidence need not be admissible in law.
16.3 A s soon as practicable after the appointment of all arbitrators, the Tribunal shall conduct
a preliminary meeting with the parties, in person or by any other means, to discuss the
procedures that will be most appropriate and efficient for the case.
16.4 T he Tribunal may in its discretion direct the order of proceedings, bifurcate proceedings,
exclude cumulative or irrelevant testimony or other evidence and direct the parties to focus their presentations on issues the decision of which could dispose of all or part of the case.
16.5 A presiding arbitrator may make procedural rulings alone, subject to revision by the
Tribunal.
16.6 A ll statements, documents or other information supplied to the Tribunal and Registrar by
one party shall simultaneously be communicated to the other party.
Rule 17: Submissions by the Parties
17.1 U nless the Tribunal determines otherwise, the submission of written statements shall
proceed as set out in this Rule.
17.2 U nless already submitted pursuant to Rule 3.2, the Claimant shall, within a period of
time to be determined by the Tribunal, send to the Respondent and the Tribunal a Statement of Claim setting out in full detail
a. a statement of facts supporting the claim;
b. the legal grounds or arguments supporting the claim; and
c. the relief claimed together with the amount of all quantifiable claims.
17.3 U nless already submitted pursuant to Rule 4.2, the Respondent shall, within a period of
time to be determined by the Tribunal, send to the Claimant a Statement of Defence setting out its full defence to the Statement of Claim, including without limitation, the facts and contentions of law on which it relies. The Statement of Defence shall also state any counterclaim, which shall comply with the requirements of Rule 17.2.
17.4 I f a counterclaim is made, the Claimant shall, within a period of time to be determined by
the Tribunal, send to the Respondent a Statement of Defence to the Counterclaim stating in full detail which of the facts and contentions of law in the Statement of Counterclaim it admits or denies, on what grounds it denies the claims or contentions, and on what other facts and contentions of law it relies.
17.5 A party may amend its claim, counterclaim or other submissions unless the Tribunal
considers it inappropriate to allow such amendment having regard to the delay in making it or prejudice to the other party or any other circumstances. However, a claim or counterclaim may not be amended in such a manner that the amended claim or counterclaim falls outside the scope of the arbitration agreement.
17.6 T he Tribunal shall decide which further submissions shall be required from the parties or
may be presented by them. The Tribunal shall fix the periods of time for communicating such submissions.
17.7 A ll submissions referred to in this Rule shall be accompanied by copies of all supporting
documents which have not previously been submitted by any party.
17.8 I f the Claimant fails within the time specified to submit its Statement of Claim, the
Tribunal may issue an order for the termination of the arbitral proceedings or give such other directions as may be appropriate.
17.9 I f the Respondent fails to submit a Statement of Defence, or if at any point any party fails
to avail itself of the opportunity to present its case in the manner directed by the Tribunal, the Tribunal may proceed with the arbitration.
Rule 18: Seat of Arbitration
18.1 T he parties may agree on the seat of arbitration. Failing such an agreement, the seat of
arbitration shall be Singapore, unless the Tribunal determines, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, that another seat is more appropriate.
18.2 T he Tribunal may hold hearings and meetings by any means it considers expedient or
appropriate and at any location it considers convenient or appropriate.
Rule 19: Language of Arbitration
19.1 U nless the parties have agreed otherwise, the Tribunal shall determine the language to
be used in the proceedings.
19.2 I f a document is written in a language other than the language(s) of the arbitration, the
Tribunal, or if the Tribunal has not been established, the Registrar, may order that party to submit a translation in a form to be determined by the Tribunal or the Registrar.
Rule 20: Party Representatives
20.1 A ny party may be represented by legal practitioners or any other representatives,
subject to such proof of authority as the Registrar or the Tribunal may require.
Rule 21: Hearings
21.1 U nless the parties have agreed on documents-only arbitration, the Tribunal shall, if
either party so requests or the Tribunal so decides, hold a hearing for the presentation of evidence and/or for oral submissions on the merits of the dispute, including without limitation any issue as to jurisdiction.
21.2 T he Tribunal shall fix the date, time and place of any meeting or hearing and shall give
the parties reasonable notice.
21.3 I f any party to the proceedings fails to appear at a hearing without showing sufficient
cause for such failure, the Tribunal may proceed with the arbitration and may make the award based on the submissions and evidence before it.
21.4 U nless the parties agree otherwise, all meetings and hearings shall be in private, and any
recordings, transcripts, or documents used shall remain confidential.
Rule 22: Witnesses
22.1 B efore any hearing, the Tribunal may require any party to give notice of the identity of
witnesses, including expert witnesses, whom it intends to produce, the subject matter of their testimony and its relevance to the issues.
22.2 T he Tribunal has discretion to allow, refuse or limit the appearance of witnesses.
22.3 A ny witness who gives oral evidence may be questioned by each of the parties, their
representatives and the Tribunal in such manner as the Tribunal shall determine.
22.4 T he Tribunal may direct the testimony of witnesses to be presented in written form,
either as signed statements or sworn affidavits or any other form of recording. Subject to Rule 22.2, any party may request that such a witness should attend for oral examination. If the witness fails to attend, the Tribunal may place such weight on the written testimony as it thinks fit, disregard it or exclude it altogether.
22.5 S ubject to the mandatory provisions of any applicable law, it shall be proper for any
party or its representatives to interview any witness or potential witness prior to his appearance at any hearing.
Rule 23: Tribunal-Appointed Experts
23.1 U nless the parties have agreed otherwise, the Tribunal:
a. may following consultation with the parties, appoint an expert to report on specific
issues; and
b. may require a party to give such expert any relevant information, or to produce or
provide access to any relevant documents, goods or property for inspection.
23.2 A ny expert so appointed shall submit a report in writing to the Tribunal. Upon receipt of
such a written report, the Tribunal shall deliver a copy of the report to the parties and
invite the parties to submit written comments on the report.
23.3 U nless the parties have agreed otherwise, if the Tribunal considers it necessary, any
such expert shall, after delivery of his written report, participate in a hearing. At the hearing, the parties shall have the opportunity to question him.
Rule 24: Additional Powers of the Tribunal
24.1 I n addition to the powers specified in these Rules and not in derogation of the mandatory
rules of law applicable to the arbitration, the Tribunal shall have the power to:
a. order the correction of any contract, but only to the extent required to rectify any
mistake which it determines to have been made by all the parties to that contract.
This is subject to the condition that the proper law of the contract allows rectification
of such contract;
b. upon the application of a party, allow one or more third parties to be joined in the
arbitration, provided that such person is a party to the arbitration agreement, with
the written consent of such third party, and thereafter make a single final award or
separate awards in respect of all parties;
c. except as provided in Rules 28.2 and 29.4, extend or abbreviate any time limits
provided by these Rules or by its directions;
d. conduct such enquiries as may appear to the Tribunal to be necessary or expedient;
e. order the parties to make any property or item available, for inspection in the
parties’ presence, by the Tribunal or any expert;
f. order the preservation, storage, sale or disposal of any property or item which is or
forms part of the subject-matter of the dispute;
g. order any party to produce to the Tribunal and to the other parties for inspection,
and to supply copies of any document in their possession or control which the
Tribunal considers relevant to the case and material to its outcome;
h. issue an award for unpaid costs of arbitration;
i. direct any party to give evidence by affidavit or in any other form;
j. direct any party to ensure that any award which may be made in the arbitral proceedings is not rendered ineffectual by the dissipation of assets by a party;
k. order any party to provide security for legal or other costs in any manner the Tribunal thinks fit;
l. order any party to provide security for all or part of any amount in dispute in the arbitration;
m. proceed with the arbitration notwithstanding the failure or refusal of any party to comply with these Rules, or with the Tribunal's orders or directions or any partial
award or to attend any meeting or hearing, and to impose such sanctions as the
Tribunal deems appropriate;
n. determine the law applicable to the arbitral proceedings; and
o. determine any claim of legal or other applicable privilege.
Rule 25: Jurisdiction of the Tribunal
25.1 I f a party objects to the existence, validity or scope of the arbitration agreement or to the
jurisdiction of the Centre over a claim or counterclaim or a claim relied on for the purpose of a set-off before the Tribunal is appointed, a Committee of the Board shall decide, without prejudice to the admissibility or merits of a claim or claims, if it is prima facie satisfied that an arbitration agreement under the Rules may exist. The arbitral proceedings shall be terminated if the Committee of the Board is not so satisfied.
25.2 T he Tribunal shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, including any objections
with respect to the existence, termination or validity of the arbitration agreement. For that purpose, an arbitration agreement which forms part of a contract shall be treated as an agreement independent of the other terms of the contract. A decision by the Tribunal that the contract is null and void shall not entail ipso jure the invalidity of the arbitration agreement.
25.3 A plea that the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction shall be raised not later than in the
Statement of Defence or in a Statement of Defence to a Counterclaim. A plea that the Tribunal is exceeding the scope of its jurisdiction shall be raised promptly after the Tribunal has indicated its intention to decide on the matter alleged to be beyond the scope of its jurisdiction. In either case the Tribunal may nevertheless admit a late plea under this Rule if it considers the delay justified. A party is not precluded from raising such a plea by the fact that he has nominated, or participated in the nomination of, an arbitrator.
25.4 T he Tribunal may rule on a plea referred to in Rule 25.3 either as a preliminary question
or in an award on the merits.
25.5 A party may rely on a claim or defence for the purpose of a set-off to the extent
permitted by the applicable law.
Rule 26: Interim and Emergency Relief
26.1 T he Tribunal may, at the request of a party, issue an order or an award granting an
injunction or any other interim relief it deems appropriate. The Tribunal may order the party requesting interim relief to provide appropriate security in connection with the relief sought.
26.2 A party in need of emergency interim relief prior to the constitution of the Tribunal may
apply for such relief pursuant to the procedures set forth in Schedule 1.
26.3 A request for interim relief made by a party to a judicial authority prior to the constitution
of the Tribunal, or in exceptional circumstances thereafter, is not incompatible with these Rules.
Rule 27: Applicable law, amiable compositeur
27.1 T he Tribunal shall apply the rules of law designated by the parties as applicable to the
substance of the dispute. Failing such designation by the parties, the Tribunal shall apply the law which it determines to be appropriate.
27.2 T he Tribunal shall decide as amiable compositeur or ex aequo et bono only if the parties
have expressly authorised the Tribunal to do so.
27.3 I n all cases, the Tribunal shall decide in accordance with the terms of the contract, if any,
and shall take into account any usage of trade applicable to the transaction.
Rule 28: The Award
28.1 T he Tribunal shall, after consulting with the parties, declare the proceedings closed if it
is satisfied that the parties have no further relevant and material evidence to produce or submission to make. The Tribunal may, on its own motion or upon application of a party but before any award is made, reopen the proceedings.
28.2 B efore issuing any award, the Tribunal shall submit it in draft form to the Registrar.
Unless the Registrar extends time or the parties agree otherwise, the Tribunal shall submit the draft award to the Registrar within 45 days from the date on which the Tribunal declares the proceedings closed. The Registrar may, as soon as practicable, suggest modifications as to the form of the award and, without affecting the Tribunal's liberty of decision, may also draw its attention to points of substance. No award shall be
issued by the Tribunal until it has been approved by the Registrar as to its form.
28.3 T he Tribunal may make separate awards on different issues at different times.
28.4 I f any arbitrator fails to cooperate in the making of the award, having been given a
reasonable opportunity to do so, the remaining arbitrators shall proceed in his absence.
28.5 W here there is more than one arbitrator, the Tribunal shall decide by a majority. Failing
a majority decision, the presiding arbitrator alone shall make the award for the Tribunal.
28.6 T he award shall be delivered to the Registrar, who shall transmit certified copies to the
parties upon the full settlement of the costs of arbitration.
28.7 T he Tribunal may award simple or compound interest on any sum which is the subject of
the arbitration at such rates as the parties may have agreed or, in the absence of such agreement, as the Tribunal determines to be appropriate, in respect of any period which the Tribunal determines to be appropriate ending not later than the date of the award.
28.8 I n the event of a settlement, if any party so requests, the Tribunal may render a consent
award recording the settlement. If the parties do not require a consent award, the parties shall confirm to the Registrar that a settlement has been reached. The Tribunal shall be discharged and the arbitration concluded upon payment of any outstanding costs of arbitration.
28.9 B y agreeing to arbitration under these Rules, the parties undertake to carry out the
award immediately and without delay (subject to Rule 29), and they also irrevocably waive their rights to any form of appeal, review or recourse to any state court or other judicial authority, insofar as such waiver may be validly made. An award shall be final and binding on the parties from the date it is made.
Rule 29: Correction of Awards and Additional Awards
29.1 W ithin 30 days of receipt of the award, a party may, by written notice to the Registrar
and to any other party, request the Tribunal to correct in the award any error in
computation, any clerical or typographical error or any error of a similar nature. Any other party may comment on such request within 15 days of its receipt. If the Tribunal considers the request to be justified, it shall make the correction within 30 days of
receipt of the request. Any correction, made in the original award or in a separate
memorandum, shall constitute part of the award.
29.2 T he Tribunal may correct any error of the type referred to in Rule 29.1 on its own
initiative within 30 days of the date of the award.
29.3 W ithin 30 days of receipt of the award, a party may, by written notice to the Registrar
and to any other party, request the Tribunal to make an additional award as to claims presented in the arbitral proceedings but not dealt with in the award. Any other party may comment on such request within 15 days of its receipt. If the Tribunal considers the request to be justified, it shall make the additional award within 45 days of receipt of the request.
29.4 W ithin 30 days of the receipt of the award, a party may, by written notice to the Registrar
and to any other party, request that the Tribunal give an interpretation of the award. Any other party may comment on such request within 15 days of its receipt. If the Tribunal considers the request to be justified, it shall give the interpretation in writing within 45 days after the receipt of the request. The interpretation shall form part of the award.
29.5 T he Registrar may extend the time limits in this Rule.
29.6 T he provisions of Rule 28 shall apply in the same manner with the necessary or
appropriate changes in relation to a correction of an award and to any additional award made.
Rule 30: Fees and Deposits
30.1 T he Tribunal’s fees and the Centre’s fees shall be ascertained in accordance with the
Schedule of Fees in force at the time of commencement of the arbitration. Alternative methods i n determining the Tribunal’s fees may be agreed by parties prior to the
constitution of the Tribunal.
30.2 T he Registrar shall fix the advances on costs of the arbitration. Unless the Registrar
directs otherwise, 50% of such advances shall be payable by the Claimant and the remaining 50% of such advances shall be payable by the Respondent.
30.3 W here the amount of the claim or the counterclaim is not quantifiable at the time
payment is due, a provisional estimate of the costs of the arbitration shall be made by the Registrar. Such estimate may be based on the nature of the controversy and the circumstances of the case. This may be adjusted in light of such information as may subsequently become available.
30.4 T he Registrar may from time to time direct parties to make further advances towards
costs of the arbitration incurred or to be incurred on behalf of or for the benefit of the parties.
30.5 I f a party fails to make the advances or deposits directed, the Registrar may, after
consultation with the Tribunal and the parties, direct the Tribunal to suspend the work
and set a time limit on the expiry of which the relevant claims or counterclaims shall be considered as withdrawn without prejudice to reintroducing the same claims or counterclaims in another proceeding.
30.6 P arties are jointly and severally liable for the costs of the arbitration. Any party is free to
pay the whole of the advances or deposits on costs of the arbitration in respect of the claim or the counterclaim should the other party fail to pay its share. The Tribunal or the Registrar may suspend its work, in whole or in part, should the advances or deposits directed under this Rule remain either wholly or in part unpaid. On the application of a party, the Tribunal may issue an award for unpaid costs pursuant to Rule 24(h).
30.7 I f the arbitration is settled or disposed of without a hearing, the costs of arbitration shall
be finally determined by the Registrar. The Registrar shall have regard to all the circumstances of the case, including the stage of proceedings at which the arbitration is settled or disposed of. In the event that the costs of arbitration determined are less than the deposits made, there shall be a refund in such proportions as the parties may agree, or failing an agreement, in the same proportions as the deposits were made.
30.8 A ll advances shall be made to and held by the Centre. Any interest which may accrue on
such deposits shall be retained by the Centre.
Rule 31: Costs of Arbitration
31.1 T he Tribunal shall specify in the award, the total amount of the costs of the arbitration.
Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the Tribunal shall determine in the award the apportionment of the costs of arbitration among the parties.
31.2 T he term "costs of the arbitration" includes:
a. the Tribunal’s fees and expenses;
b. the Centre’s administrative fees and expenses; and
c. the costs of expert advice and of other assistance required by the Tribunal.
Rule 32: Tribunal's Fees and Expenses
32.1 T he fees of the Tribunal shall be fixed by the Registrar in accordance with the Schedule
of Fees and the stage of the proceedings. In exceptional circumstances, the Registrar may allow an additional fee over that prescribed in the Schedule of Fees to be paid.
32.2 T he Tribunal’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses necessarily incurred and other
allowances shall be reimbursed in accordance with the Practice Notes for the time being
in force.
Rule 33: Party’s Legal and Other Costs
33.1 T he Tribunal shall have the authority to order in its award that all or a part of the legal or
other costs of a party (apart from the costs of the arbitration) be paid by another party.
Rule 34: Exclusion of Liability
34.1 T he Centre including its directors, officers, employees or any arbitrator shall not be liable
to any person for negligence, act or omission in connection with any arbitration governed by these Rules.
34.2 T he Centre including its directors, officers, employees or any arbitrator shall not be
under any obligation to make any statement in connection with any arbitration governed by these Rules. No party shall seek to make any director, officer, employee or arbitrator act as a witness in any legal proceedings in connection with any arbitration governed by these Rules.
Rule 35: Confidentiality
35.1 T he parties and the Tribunal shall at all times treat all matters relating to the proceedings
and the award as confidential.
35.2 A party or any arbitrator shall not, without the prior written consent of all the parties,
disclose to third party any such matter except:
a. for the purpose of making an application to any competent court of any State to
enforce or challenge the award;
b. pursuant to the order of or a subpoena issued by a court of competent jurisdiction;
c. for the purpose of pursuing or enforcing a legal right or claim;
d. in compliance with the provisions of the laws of any State which are binding on the
party making the disclosure;
e. in compliance with the request or requirement of any regulatory body or other
authority; or
f. pursuant to an order by the Tribunal on application by a party with proper notice to
the other parties.
国际商事仲裁作业
2017年9月法硕《仲裁法》作业 一、How many elements/contents are there in the following arbitration clauses? and what are they? 1、All disputes arising out of or in connection with the present contract shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce by one or more arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules. 本条仲裁协议内容有： 仲裁规则：即国际商会仲裁规则（the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce ） 2、Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to the China international Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the Commission's arbitration rules in effect at the of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties. 本条仲裁协议内容有： 仲裁机构：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（the China international Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration ） 仲裁规则：委员会在申请仲裁时有效的仲裁规则进行仲裁。（the Commission's arbitration rules in effect at the of applying for arbitration. ）裁决的效力：仲裁裁决是终局裁决，对双方具有约束力。（The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.） 3、Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in Singapore in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules as at present in force. 本条仲裁协议内容有： 仲裁规则：贸易法委员会仲裁规则（the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules ） 仲裁地：新加坡（Singapore of arbitration） The arbitration shall be administered by Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC") in accordance with its practice rules and regulations.
案例四：新加坡淡马锡国有资产管理模式研究 1.淡马锡公司简介 （1）淡马锡模式的介绍 第一，淡马锡公司的简介 淡马锡控股(私人)有限公司（以下简称“淡马锡”）是新加坡最大的全资国有控股公司，隶属于新加坡财政部。该公司成立于l974年，其主要任务是掌握新加坡政府对企业的投资，管理新加坡所有的政府关联企业。成立之初，旗下35家公司的业务仅限于本土，资产总计仅3.5亿新元，而截至2005年3月底，淡马锡投资组合市值已经高达1030亿新元，年平均股东回报率达到18%。据2006年3月所公布资料，淡马锡目前在80家公司持有5%至100%的股权，约一半资产分布在国外，在金融、电信、工程、运输、物流等领域都有较大的发展。旗下知名企业包括新加坡航空公司、星展银行、新电信，也在中国建设银行、中国民生银行、中国银行等金融机构持股。目前，该公司拥有21家大型直属企业(或称一级企业)，主要涉及金融、交通、通讯、工程、电力以及科技等领域，其中有7个企业已经上市。上述企业的产值占新加坡国内生产总值的l3%，占市场总值2l%。 第二，淡马锡公司产生的背景 淡马锡的组建，正值新加坡建国初期，经济基础薄弱，私人资本不足，投资能力有限，许多企业光靠私人无法维持经营。在这样的情况下，国家担负起引导国民经济发展的重任，进入一般商家不愿涉足的高风险、高投资工业项目领域，如钢铁、造船、石油化学等，创办了一批隶属财政部的国有企业。这批国有企业于1974年被归入淡马锡旗下，如新加坡发展银行、海皇轮船公司、新加坡航空公司、三巴望造船厂等，成为淡马锡早期的资产。可见，淡马锡一开始就是作为国家经济的操盘者，以主导国内经济为重任的身份出现的。 80年代初期，随着新加坡经济基础逐步稳固，GDP增长平均保持在6%，到了1986年～1998年，新加坡经济更进入奇迹发展阶段，GDP平均增长高达8、5%。此时的淡马锡，几乎完全控制了新加坡的经济命脉。而当时新加坡的经济发展也进入快车道，淡马锡的投资平均回报率，曾高达18%。 1998年亚洲金融风暴后，新加坡经济遭重挫，淡马锡的日子同样艰难，2002年，其平均回报率跌落至3%。 进入21世纪，新加坡经济的黄金时代已成回忆，而亚洲经济新局面，是中国和印度在内的发展中国家，成为经济的高速增长地区。此局面下，如果新加坡经济仍固守本土，势必失去最佳扩张时机。而淡马锡经过多年积累，总资产达到900亿美元，完全可以凭借资本优势，进入紧缺资金的国家和地区，分享那里的经济增长成果。于是淡马锡开始走出国门，面向国际进行大肆扩张，创造了巨大的收益，并形成了其独特的集团化管控模式。
国际商事仲裁的特点 国际商事仲裁同诉讼、调解、国内仲裁和国际仲裁相比具有自己的特点： 1、国际商事仲裁机构一般都是民间组织，不具有法定的强制管辖权，只能受理双方当事人根据 仲裁协议提交给它处理的案件。 2、国际商事仲裁中的当事人有较大的自主权，双方当事人可以自由选择仲裁机构、仲裁地点、 仲裁员、仲裁规则、仲裁形式及仲裁应适用的法律等。 3、国际商事仲裁庭审理案件一般不公开进行，有利于保护当事人的商业秘密，维护当事人的商 业信誉。 4、国际商事仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方当事人均有拘束力，任何一方当事人如对裁决不服，也 不能上诉。香港： 当事人可自由决定仲裁适用的程序规则（如HK1ACD内部仲裁规则UNCITRAL仲裁规则或诸如ICC之类的其他协会规则），但不能选择依照香港法律与公共利益相冲突的程序规则。UNCIRAL示范法第19条规定当事人可自由协商仲裁员适用的程序法。若不能达成协议，仲裁员 可根据他们认为适当的程序进行仲裁。 对内部仲裁应当适用仲裁条例条款。该条例第14（1）节赋予仲裁员在程序中以较大的权力，它规定：“任何仲裁协议均应视为包括这么一个条款，即……有关当事人应依照要求呈送他们所有的全部文件给仲裁员，并做一切仲裁员可能要求他们做的事……”。另外，第14（6）节规定：法院有以下权力：命令询问证人，提呈文件、通过宣誓做证，为费用提供担保、保护、诉讼保全或拍卖相关货物、扣押、保护或调查任何相关财产以及临时委派涉讼财产管理人。 马来西亚： 当事人对仲裁程序的自治原则也被马来西亚所承认。当事人在仲裁协议中可决定仲裁适用的程序法。在没有专门规定时，仲裁条例第13（1）节赋予仲裁员对仲裁程序相当宽的自由决定权（上述香港仲裁条例第14（1）节也用了同样的表述）。与香港立法相同，马来西亚仲裁条例第13（6）节授予法院干预仲裁程序的权力，诸如命令询问证人，提呈文件等等。
HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION CENTRE ADMINISTERED ARBITRATION RULES Introduction These Rules have been adopted by the Council of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) for use by parties who seek the formality and convenience of an administered arbitration. Application These Rules may be adopted in an arbitration agreement or by an agreement in writing at any time before or after a dispute has arisen. These Rules may be adopted for use in both domestic and international arbitral proceedings. Provisions regarding the scope of application of these Rules are set out in Article 1. Effectiveness These Rules have been adopted to take effect from 1 September 2008, in accordance with the provisions of Article 1 of the Rules. Suggested Clauses 1.The following model clause may be adopted by the parties to a contract who wish to have any future disputes referred to arbitration in accordance with these Rules: "Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, including the validity, invalidity, breach or termination thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in Hong Kong under the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre Administered Arbitration Rules in force when the Notice of Arbitration is submitted in accordance with these Rules. * The number of arbitrators shall be ... (one or three). The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in .... (insert language)." * Optional 2
新加坡公司法-中文 第一节导言 第二节公司成立及其后果 第三节公司治理 第四节公司权利的行使 第五节股东的救济 第六节公司股份 第七节公司债据与资产抵押 第八节公司困境 第九节公司解散 一 16.1.1 在新加坡，与公司有关的主要法律是《公司法（Cap50, 1994 Rev Ed）》(以下称“公司法”)。值得注意的是，一些特殊类型的公司，除了公司法之外，还要受到其他成文法的规制。如保险公司和银行，还要分别受《保险法（Cap142,1994 Rev Ed）和《银行法（Cap20, 1994 Rev Ed）》的规制。有限责任合伙组织其实也是公司，受《有限责任合伙组织法（Cap289,1994 Rev Ed）》规制。在诸如《证券与期货法（Cap289, 1994 Rev Ed）》等其他成文法中，也有一些与公司有关的条款。 16.1.2 应该注意的是，普通法也会对与公司有关的成文法规范进行补充。 返回顶部 二
16.2.1 根据公司法第17（3）条的规定，拥有20名以上成员的经营组织都必须设立为公司。但该规定并不适用于那些遵照新加坡其他成文法设立的，由从事特定职业的个 人组成的合伙组织（公司法第17（3）条）。法律职业的从业者，受《法律职业法（Cap161,1994 Rev Ed）》的规制，他们可以设立成员超过20人的合伙组织。 16.2.2 一般来说，只要提交相应的文件，缴纳规定的费用，任何人都可以在新加坡通过登记设立公司。设立公司时，必须提交的最重要的文件是公司章程和组织规章，公司 法第19（1）条对此作了强制性要求。公司章程和组织规章就是公司的宪章。根据公司法第22（1）条的规定，公司章程必须载明公司名称、公司股本[如果有的话]，并表明公司成员承担的是有限责任还是无限责任。公司组织规章是公司的规章制度，其中也有与公司治理有关的规定。如果公司章程和组织规章有冲突，前者有优先效力。 16.2.3 公司章程一经登记，登记官便签发设立通知，宣布公司成立并在通知中载明成立的日期。该通知也会注明公司的类型，即成立的是有限责任公司还是无限责任公司， 必要时还将表明成立的公司是私营公司[参见公司法第19（4）条]。 16.2.4 公司法第19（5）条规定了公司成立的一般效力，即公司作为一个法人组织，拥有此类实体的全部权利能力。公司可以自己的名义起诉或应诉，并且可以永久存续直 至公司解散。公司还可以拥有土地，在公司解散时，其成员承担的是有限责任。
合同文本通用示范条款 一、鉴于条款 鉴于 1. 甲方是一家依据中华人民共和国法律成立并持续经营的公司，现就工作及其它相关的服务工作，拟委托具有前述相关工作资质及经验的乙方，承担并完成该项工作。 2. 乙方是一家依据中华人民共和国法律成立并持续经营的公司，具备承担甲方的工作及其它相关服务工作的各项资质及经验，愿意并有能力接受甲方委托按照甲方要求承担该项服务工作。 3.甲方签订本合同的目的在于。 二、对方保证具备履约资格及能力条款 1. 乙方保证其具有承接本合同项目的法定资质，因乙方缺乏相应资质而给甲方造成损失的，乙方承担相关责任。 2. 乙方在履行合同过程中，应遵守国家法律法规及地方法规的有关规定，并承担因违反上述规定而产生的法律责任。如项目需要审批的，应由乙方完成相关审批手续。 三、结算、支付条款 1. 合同金额为人民币元，包括但不限于：。双方确认，出本合同总金额外，甲方无须就本协议项下乙方服务向乙方支付任何额外费用。 2. 甲方采用第种方式，并按一下约定安排付款：（1）现金；（2）
支票；（3）转账。 （1）在本合同签署后个工作日内支付合同总金额的%，即人民币元。 （2）在乙方交付并经甲方验收合格后个工作日内支付剩余的合同金额，即人民币元。 3. 乙方应分别在收到上述（1）和（2）款所规定金额后日内想甲方出具前述各款金额的正规税务发票。 4. 双方的账户如下： 甲方： 开户行： 账户名称： 账号： 乙方： 开户行： 账户名称： 账号： 任何一方如需改变上述，应提前十日以书面通知另一方，如果乙方未按本合同规定通知而使另一方遭受损失的，应予赔偿。 四、知识产权条款 1. 成果的知识产权归甲方所有。 2. 乙方保证向甲方提供的成果不侵犯他人的知识产权。与成果有关或因甲方适用成果而发生或引起的任何索赔或纠纷，
香港法概论名词解释 1．附属法例：是指香港特别行政区立法会通过条例授权其他机关或个人在指定的范围内制定的法律，这些附属法例通常称为“规例”、“附例”或“规则”。 2．“邻舍原则”：如果我们可以合理预见到我们的行为可能直接地、在合理范围或在可预见的情况下对他人造成损害，那么我们便对该他人负有谨慎责任。 3．家庭子女：是指一个有特定意义的法律概念，不仅指婚姻双方的子女，亦包括被双方视为其家庭子女的孩子。 4．原诉传票：是针对案情事实没有重大争议，主要争议为法律问题的民事诉讼文书。 5．法律援助制度：是香港法治精神的基石。香港法治成功的一面，是重视和推行全面的法律援助制度。法律援助是为符合资格的申请人提供代表律师或大律师（有需要时），代表他们在香港的法院进行诉讼。 6．被胁迫：是指被告人的生命或身体受到严重伤害的威胁，且这威胁十分迫切。 7．诽谤：是指任何对当事人（原告人）以外的人（即第三者）发表有损原告人的陈述，使他陷于憎恨、耻笑、蔑视等反感之中，使他在社会一般正直人士心目中的地位被贬，或成为他们所回避的人。 8．传讯令状：是民事诉讼最常用的起诉文件，适用于所有侵权或合约的诉讼。 9．衡平法：由英国原来的衡平法法院的大法官在处理专门的申诉案件时，为避免过分重视令状和程序方面的技术性问题，而集中考虑案情的理据得失，由此而发展出的有别于普通法的法律规范。 10．罪刑法定原则：是香港刑法的基本原则，即犯罪与刑罚由法律明文规定，其内核是“法无明文规定者不为罪”和“法无明文规定者不处罚”。 11．事实自证法则：是由马洪诉奥斯本案所确立的原则，是指如果损害事实本身即足以说明被告存在疏忽，原告即可免负举证责任。 12．无罪推定原则：是指任何人在法院判定其有罪之前，假定其无罪。这一原则是“贯串整个英国刑法制度的金线”，影响到刑事诉讼程序的每一环节。 13．判例法是指从法院在判词内所列出的理据所推论出来并累积产生的法律原则和规范。 14．企图罪是指被告人作出的某项行为只超乎该犯罪行为的预备作为者。 15．披露文件程序是指与讼双方得向对方提交一份文件清单，列出各自拥有与案件有关的所有文件，不论这些文件是否对己有利。 16．可撤销婚姻：即可使无效婚姻，是指一段一直被法律认定为是有效而持续的婚姻，直至被法院判定为无效，才被废止或撤销的婚姻。 17．串谋罪是指两人以上协议实施不法行为或协议以不法手段实施合法行为。 18．协议分居即是夫妻之间私下同意将夫妻关系疏远，所以无须经法院批准或是牵涉诉讼程序。 19．庭内和解即“诉讼上之和解”，是指在诉讼进行中，法院法官利用劝解的方法，促使原告和被告同意而达成的和解。 20.习惯法是指被认可并上升为法律的传统风俗习惯。在香港，主要表现在关于家事法、土地法和继承法方面的规范。 21.“雷兰与弗莱彻法则”是英国判例法所确立的一项民事侵权法律规则，这项法则所规定的是绝对责任（严格责任），不以行为人的故意或疏忽为责任条件。 22民事诉讼的非正审程序是指正式审讯前的诉讼程序。一般在高等法院的内庭由司法常务官进行聆讯，不传召证人。
仲裁协议有效的条件 仲裁协议的有效条件【1】 (一)协议当事人有合法的缔约资格和能力 仲裁协议涉及当事人诉权和实体权利的处分，属于对重大权利进行处分的法律行为，只能由具有完全行为能力的自然人、法人及其他组织订立。 限制行为能力人和无行为能力人不具有缔约能力，其签订的仲裁协议应被认定为无效，依这种仲裁协议作出的裁决也将无法得到有关法院的承认与执行。 例如《纽约公约》第5条第(1)款规定仲裁协议"当事人依对其适用的法律有某种无行为能力情形者"，被申请承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的国家可依当事人一方的请求，拒绝承认和执行。 《联合国国际贸易委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》(以下简称《示范法》)第36条第(1)款第(1)项第(1)目规定:"第7条所指的仲裁协议的当事人一方欠缺行为能力"，、可以拒绝承认和执行不论在何国作出的仲裁裁决。 (二)协议约定的事项具有可仲裁性 仲裁协议中约定提交仲裁的事项，必须是有关国家法律所允许采用仲裁方式处理的事项。 如果所约定的事项属于有关国家法律中不可仲裁的事项，该国法院将判定该仲裁协议是无效仲裁协议，并将命令中止该仲裁协议的实
施或拒绝承认和执行已依该仲裁协议作出的仲裁裁决。 有一点必须指出的是，可仲裁性的关键问题是指根据适用于仲裁协议的法律，某些事项是否可以提交仲裁解决，而不是指某一争议是否属于仲裁协议的管辖范围之内。 争议事项的可仲裁性与公共政策关系比较密切。 在许多国家争议事项的可仲裁性被视为属于一国公共政策的范畴。 各国法律对争议事项可仲裁性问题的规定方式有所不同。 大陆法国家多以立法明确规定把某一领域或某一类争议排除在仲裁之外;普通法国家则多把这一问题留给法院解决。 归纳起来，主要有以下几种事项不能提交仲裁: 1.有关竞争法和反托拉斯法的事项; 2.关于婚姻、人身关系的事项; 3.关于破产、行政法处理的事项; 4.某些知识产权事项。 (三)协议的形式和内容合法 一项有效的仲裁协议必须具有合法的形式。 绝大多数国家的仲裁法都规定仲裁协议必须以书面形式作成。 例如，1981年《法国民事诉讼法典》第1443条和第1444条规定:"仲裁条款应在主要协定中或主要协定所援引的文件中书面规定之，否则无效。 仲裁协议应是书面的，可采用仲裁员和当事人签名的记录形式。
深圳国际仲裁院2019年度工作总结报告 在2019年度，随着经济全球化的发展，国际上的纠纷与合作逐渐增多。相对于本单位，接收到的任务也越来越多，复杂程度也相对提高，这就要求工作人员的业务能力与政治素养的提高。自从在仲裁院工作以来，在公司的合理分配下，专注于本职工作，严格恪守履行岗位要求，努力完成各项工作任务。本年度的工作总结如下： 一、2019年公司发展成果 2019年5月7日，深圳仲裁院与其他有关仲裁院举办“共建、融合、衔接、共生——粤港澳大湾区国际仲裁合作宣讲会暨深圳国际仲裁院澳门仲裁员聘书颁发仪式”。2019年8月22日，市律协前海委主任孟荻，副主任程海群、朱虹等一行30人赴深圳国际仲裁院，就深圳国际仲裁院2019年新版仲裁规则进行考察交流。2019年10月12日，深圳国际仲裁院作为首批纳入“一站式”国际商事纠纷多元化解决机制的国际仲裁机构。 二、2019年个人工作内容 作为本单位的一名前台文员，主要职责是为其他部分提供后勤供应。例如会帮忙举办会议；会前制作h5链接，胸牌，签到名单，发送邀请函，邀请短信；会后整理参加会议名单人员，发送微信新闻官网新闻；每周整理每周的法制日报深圳特区报等新闻版和业务板；为开庭提供服务，接待仲裁员及开庭当事人；会议来访接待，配合处室接待来访客人，提供茶水服务；采购日常前海办公室所需用品。日常还会有咨询电话，布置打扫整理办公室仲裁庭。值得一提的是，今年接待会议有香港仲裁员培训会、CNARB中国仲裁论坛第五期、粤港澳大湾区背景下的《仲裁保全安排》、深圳国际仲裁院与深圳房地产租赁行业协会共同举办房屋租赁法律风险防范沙龙、SCIA+HJIAC研讨会、深圳国际仲裁院香港场仲裁院培训交流会、转换文件，整理文档合并排版，整理梳理单位各项规则排版，收集国际合作材料，粤港澳商事调解联盟材料、最高院一站式纠纷解决机制材料、方面的新闻媒体报道，编辑年鉴文档，不同国家仲裁员名单收集、帮忙同事整理仲裁案卷邮单，SCIA-SIAC新加坡研讨会，《纽约公约》六十周年一带一路研讨会、深圳国际仲裁院-新加坡国际仲裁中心联合研讨会、自贸区仲裁合作联盟会议、第九届中国华南企业法律论坛。除此之外，我还负责查找16个省的仲裁机构，筛选仲裁员来源国数据，录音稿整理，广交会值班，辅助帮忙单位网页设计、建设工程争议解决新机遇挑战讲座、知识产权中心值班、英中协会参会邀请函，统计处室推出的新闻，统计19年所有会议参会名单数据整理，汇总19年我院新闻整理等。 三、认真学习，不断提高自己的政治水平和业务素质 在本单位中，每个部门、每个职能、每个员工的工作都至关重要，职务不论高低都要积极面对，认真处理才能够促进本公司的快速发展与提高公司的质量与品质。作为国际仲裁院的工作人员，思想政治素养是必不可少的，只有这样才能处理好国际事件，帮助更好的完成工作，从根本上提高自己的服务。提高思想政治素养，是帮助自己更好理解食物案件的最关键一步。特别是针对于国际性单位，如果员工的政治素养和水平不过关，极有可能在复杂的形式中做错事。自己只有更加重视和善于学习，才能更好在激烈的市场环境下掌握更多资源与优势。 四、工作中存在的问题以及未来发展 相对于本职工作而言，自己的业务水平有待提高。在面对相关案件的资料整
遇到仲裁问题？赢了网律师为你免费解惑！访问>> https://www.doczj.com/doc/127217462.html, 中国香港国际仲裁中心简易形式仲裁规例 自 1992 年 8 月 1 日起生效 本规例由中国香港国际仲裁中心（英交简称是HKIAC）印发，供同意循简易程序解决纠纷的人士使用。规例由皇家特许测量师学会（香港分会）订定，以配合小型工程标准形式合约使用。因本规例亦适用于建筑业及其它行业处理多类商务纠纷，故由香港国际仲裁中心刊印供各界参照采用。 序言 第一条本规例适用于各类以简易程序形式进行仲裁，仲裁可以透过聆讯形式进行，亦可只以文件往来形式进行。 展开仲裁 第二条仲裁的申请须由合约双方或任何一方填妥附于本规例的申请表格或
该表格的复印本？o向香港国际仲裁中心提出。香港国际仲裁中心如确定申请为有效、便须委任仲裁兼或确认仲裁员的委任。 程序 第三条除非仲裁员认为有必要安排初步会面，否则在合约双方未有协议的 情况下，所有仲裁程序事宜须按照仲裁员的书面指示处理。 第四条申请人收到仲裁员按本规例第三条发出的指示后，须于十四天内将一份申诉书分别送交仲裁员及被诉人。申诉书须包括如下资料： （a）简要陈述申诉方提出申诉的主要事实及法律依据，以及所要求的赔偿？r及 （b）申诉方赖以证明其陈述的所有证明文件副本。 第五条被诉人在收到申诉人的申诉书及有关文件后，须于十四天内将一份答辩书分别送交仲裁员及申诉人。答辩书须包括如下资
料？U （a）简要陈述被诉方答辩的主要事实及法律依据？r （b）任何反诉，并同时要简要列出要求的赔偿？r （c）被诉方赖以证明其陈述的所有证明文件副本。 第六条申诉人在收到被诉人的答辩书及有关文件后，须于七天内提交如下资料？U （a）申诉方就答辩书的答复？r （b）申诉方对被诉人所提出的反诉的答辩（如有的话）？r以及 （c）申诉人为此依赖的任何其它文件。 第七条仲裁员可自行决定是否容许申诉及被诉双方继续就彼此的申诉、答辩作出回复，亦同时有权决定提交陈述在何时结束。 第八条仲裁员可要求申诉人及被诉人将其认为其作出决定所需
案例研习（86）：境外退市回归境内上市 【案例情况】 一、南都电源 2000年4月，周庆治通过其控制的Pakara Investments、Pakara Technology、Kastra Investments等三家公司实施了发行人在新加坡间接上市的计划。2005年3月，由于间接上市未能达到预定目的，周庆治对海外上市公司实施私有化并退市。2008年11月，周庆治直接受让海外公司Kastra Investments所持杭州南都的股权，至此，发行人与海外公司彻底脱钩。三家海外公司及发行人间接上市的基本情况如下：（一）Pakara Investments（海外上市公司股东） Pakara Investments成立于1998年5月，授权资本为200万新元，实缴资本为170万新元，注册地为新加坡。Pakara Investments成立时的授权资本为10万新元，实缴资本为2新元，其中Lee Li Ching、Tan Siew Lee分别出资1新元，各占50%的股权。 1998年6月，Tan Siew Lee、Lee Li Ching分别将其所持Pakara Investments的股份转让给周庆治和章禾，股份转让价款均为1新元。转让完成后，Pakara Investments将授权资本由10万新元增加至200万新元，实缴资本由2新元增加至170万新元，新增资本由周庆治、林旦、许广跃、何伟、杨晓光缴付。此次转让及增资完成后，Pakara Investments的股本结构如下： 2004年3月，许广跃与周庆治签订《股份转让协议》，将其持 有Pakara Investments238,000股股份以1新元/股的价格转让给周庆治，此次股份转让完成后，各股东的持股数及持股比例如下：2007年3月，周庆治与何伟、王海光签订《股份转让协议》，按1新元/股的价格将其所持27,800股Pakara Investments股份转让给何伟，将其所持1,870股Pakara Investments股份转让给王海光；同日，林旦与何伟签订《股份转让协议》，按1新元/股的价格将其所持4,930股Pakara Investments股份转让给何伟；杨晓光与王海光签订《股份转让协议》，按1新元/股的价格将其所持127,500股Pakara Investments股份转让给王海光。此次股份转让完成后，各股东的持股数及持股比例如下： 截至本招股说明书签署日，Pakara Investments的股本结构未发生变化，目前该公司正在办理注销手续。 （二）Pakara Technology（海外上市公司） Pakara Technology成立于1969年7月，注册资本为2,000万新元，实
2013版香港国际仲裁中心仲裁规则简介 2013年6月12日，香港国际仲裁中心发布2013版《香港国际仲裁中心机构仲裁规则》（以下简称“新《规则》”），于2013年11月1日起生效，取代已使用五年的旧《规则》。与旧《规则》相比，新《规则》为当事人参与仲裁提供了更多的便利，对当事人更有吸引力，修改也体现了当前国际上主要仲裁机构仲裁规则的发展趋势。 一、新《规则》主要修改内容 1、追加当事人机制 旧《规则》仅规定仲裁庭有权在一方当事人提出请求，且第三方和请求一方均书面同意的情况下，追加一名或多名第三方为仲裁当事人。但是，当事人之外的第三方无法主动提出追加其自身为仲裁当事人的申请。新《规则》规定，希望将第三方追加为仲裁当事人的一方当事人，以及希望作为当事人加入仲裁的第三方，均可以提交追加当事人的申请。根据新《规则》第27条规定，仲裁庭在收到当事人或第三方的申请后，如认为仲裁协议表面上同时约束该第三方，仲裁庭有权允许在仲裁程序中追加该第三方为仲裁当事人。此外，新《规则》第27.8条还规定，若当事人或第三方在仲裁庭组成之前提出申请，香港国际仲裁中心本身也有权初步决定追加当事人。新《规则》第27条还规定，若在确认仲裁庭之前追加当事人，则所有当事人应被视为已放弃提名仲裁员的权利，且香港国际仲裁中心可撤销对任何已获提名或确认的仲裁员的指定。在此情况下，仲裁庭应由香港国际仲裁中心指定。 2、增加仲裁案件合并的机制 新《规则》第28条规定，仲裁庭有权基于当事人的申请，在下列条件满足时，决定将正在进行的两个或多个仲裁合并：1）当事各方均同意合并；2）各仲裁中的所有请求均依据同一仲裁协议提出；3）尽管各仲裁请求分别依据一个以上的仲裁协议提出，但这些仲裁中存在相同的法律或事实问题，请求救济的权利均涉及或源于同一交易或同一系列交易，且香港国际仲裁中心认定各仲裁协议彼此兼容。 新《规则》第28.6条规定，如发生仲裁合并，被合并之仲裁的所有当事人应视为已放弃提名仲裁员的权利，且香港国际仲裁中心可撤销对任何已获提名或确认的仲裁员的指定，在此情况下，香港国际仲裁中心应为合并后的仲裁案件指定仲裁庭。 新《规则》第28条还规定，源于或涉及多于一份的合同的请求可在单个仲裁中提出，但前提是各仲裁协议应分别约束仲裁所有当事人、各仲裁协议涉及共同的法律或事实问题，请求救济的权利均涉及或源于同一交易或同一系列的交易，且请求所依据的仲裁协议彼此兼容。我们理解，这可以视为当事人在启动仲裁程序时就将两个以上的仲裁案件“合并”。 3、完善临时措施制度 旧《规则》仅规定仲裁庭有权基于当事人的请求，指令必要或适当的临时措施，但未就仲裁庭组成前，当事人能否申请香港国际仲裁中心采取临时措施作出规定。新《规则》规定，当事人在仲裁庭组成前也有权向香港国际仲裁中心申请采取相关临时措施，但该等临时措施需通过“紧急仲裁员程序”执行。 根据新《规则》第23.1条规定，仲裁庭组成前，当事人可以按照新《规则》之
新加坡公司法-中文版 第十六章公司法 第一节导言 第二节公司成立及其后果 第三节公司治理 第四节公司权利的行使 第五节股东的救济 第六节公司股份 第七节公司债据与资产抵押 第八节公司困境 第九节公司解散 第一节导言 16.1.1 在新加坡,与公司有关的主要法律是《公司法(Cap50, 1994 Rev Ed)》(以下称“公司法”)。值得注意的是,一些特殊类型的公司,除了公司法之外,还要受到其他成文法的规制。如保险公司和银行,还要分别受《保险法 (Cap142,1994 Rev Ed)和《银行法(Cap20, 1994 Rev Ed)》的规制。有限责任合伙组织其实也是公司,受《有限责任合伙组织法(Cap289,1994 Rev Ed)》规制。在诸如《证券与期货法(Cap289, 1994 Rev Ed)》等其他成文法中,也有一些与公司有关的条款。
16.1.2 应该注意的是,普通法也会对与公司有关的成文法规范进行补充。 第二节公司成立及其后果 设立公司的义务 16.2.1 根据公司法第17(3)条的规定,拥有20名以上成员的经营组织都必须设立为公司。但该规定并不适用于那些遵照新加坡其他成文法设立的,由从事特定职业的个人组成的合伙组织(公司法第17(3)条)。法律职业的从业者,受《法律职业法(Cap161,1994 Rev Ed)》的规制,他们可以设立成员超过20人的合伙组织。 公司的登记 16.2.2 一般来说,只要提交相应的文件,缴纳规定的费用,任何人都可以在新加坡通过登记设立公司。设立公司时,必须提交的最重要的文件是公司章程和组织规章,公司法第19 (1)条对此作了强制性要求。公司章程和组织规章就是公司的宪章。根据公司法第22(1)条的规定,公司章程必须载明公司名称、公司股本[如果有的话],并表明公司成员承担的是有限责任还是无限责任。公司组织规章是公司的规章制度,其中也有与公司治理有关的规定。如果公司章程和组织规章有冲突,前者有优先效力。 16.2.3 公司章程一经登记,登记官便签发设立通知,宣布公司成立并在通知中载明成立的日期。该通知也会注明公司的类型,即成立的是有限责任公司还是无限责任公司,必要时还将表明成立的公司是私营公司[参见公司法第19(4)条]。 公司成立的效力 16.2.4 公司法第19(5)条规定了公司成立的一般效力,即公司作为一个法人组织,拥有此类实体的全部权利能力。公司可以自己的名义起诉或应诉,并且可以永久存续直至公司解散。公司还可以拥有土地,在公司解散时,其成员承担的是有限责任。
合同文本通用示范条 款
合同文本通用示范条款 一、鉴于条款 鉴于 1. 甲方是一家依据中华人民共和国法律成立并持续经营的公司，现就工作及其它相关的服务工作，拟委托具有前述相关工作资质及经验的乙方，承担并完成该项工作。 2. 乙方是一家依据中华人民共和国法律成立并持续经营的公司，具备承担甲方的工作及其它相关服务工作的各项资质及经验，愿意并有能力接受甲方委托按照甲方要求承担该项服务工作。 3.甲方签订本合同的目的在于。 二、对方保证具备履约资格及能力条款 1. 乙方保证其具有承接本合同项目的法定资质，因乙方缺乏相应资质而给甲方造成损失的，乙方承担相关责任。 2. 乙方在履行合同过程中，应遵守国家法律法规及地方法规的有关规定，并承担因违反上述规定而产生的法律责任。如项目需要审批的，应由乙方完成相关审批手续。 三、结算、支付条款 1. 合同金额为人民币元，包括但不限于：。双方确认，出本合同总金额外，甲方无须就本协议项下乙方服务向乙方支付任何额外费用。
2. 甲方采用第种方式，并按一下约定安排付款：（1）现金；（2）支票；（3）转账。 （1）在本合同签署后个工作日内支付合同总金额的 %，即人民币元。 （2）在乙方交付并经甲方验收合格后个工作日内支付剩余的合同金额，即人民币元。 3. 乙方应分别在收到上述（1）和（2）款所规定金额后日内想甲方出具前述各款金额的正规税务发票。 4. 双方的账户如下： 甲方： 开户行： 账户名称： 账号： 乙方： 开户行： 账户名称： 账号： 任何一方如需改变上述，应提前十日以书面通知另一方，如果乙方未按本合同规定通知而使另一方遭受损失的，应予赔偿。 四、知识产权条款 1. 成果的知识产权归甲方所有。
Governing Law and Dispute Resolution 1：The formation of this Contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of disputes in connection herewith shall be governed by the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), but in the event that there is no published and publicly available law in the PRC governing a particular matter relating to this Contract, reference shall be made to general international commercial practices. 本合同的订立、效力、解释、执行及合同争议的解决，均受中华人民共和国（“中国”）法律管辖，中国颁布的法律对本合同相关的某一事项未作规定的，参照国际商业惯例。 2：If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a party’s economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party, the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether (i) to continue to implement this Agreement in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China; or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favourable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented. 签署本协议后，如果中国的国家、省、市或地区的任何一级政府通过了任何新的法律、行政法规、法令或条例，修订或废除了任何法律、行政法规、法令或条例的任何规定，或者通过了对任何法律、行政法规、法
如何避免受制于CN域名争议解决办法的两年期限规定关键词 CN域名期限规定争议解决 《中国互联网络信息中心域名争议解决办法》（下称《解决办法》）第二条规定：“本办法适用于因互联网络域名的注册或者使用而引发的争议。所争议域名应当限于由中国互联网络信息中心负责管理的CN域名和中文域名。但是，所争议域名注册期限满两年的，域名争议解决机构不予受理。”该条规定通常被解读为：如果争议域名自首次注册已经超过两年，则权利人无法通过《解决办法》程序来解决域名争议，而只能依靠复杂的法院诉讼方式。这在时间和费用上都给权利人造成了沉重的负担。 在适用《统一域名争议解决政策（UDRP）》处理的域名争议案件实践中，专家已经达成共识，认为域名转让构成新的注册；在CN域名争议案件中，域名转让是否也可以视为新的注册，从而使得首次注册期已满两年的CN域名争议得以适用《解决办法》来处理，这尚属未知，先前的实践中也没有此类案例。而香港国际仲裁中心（HKIAC）最近作出的一份域名裁决对此予以了明确裁决。该裁决认为，将CN域名转让给他人的行为，属于域名注册行为；而域名在此情形
下，重新注册未满两年的，应当适用《解决办法》来解决域名争议。基于此，该裁决裁定将争议域名转移给投诉人（HKIAC案件编号DCN-1500641）。 一、案件简介 权利人莱丹品牌股份公司（Leister Brands AG）是瑞士一家研发和制造塑料焊接、工艺加热及激光塑料焊接等产品的公司，旗下品牌包括“LEISTER”和“莱丹”等。权利人在中国对“LEISTER”和“莱丹”享有在先的注册商标权。 2006年12月5日，广州莱丹焊接设备有限公司（下称“广州莱丹”）注册了与权利人的“LEISTER”商标相同的CN 域名https://www.doczj.com/doc/127217462.html,（下称“争议域名”），并将该域名网站用于竞争性的市场营销，包括将争议域名网站命名为“LEISTER 官网”，在网站显著位置使用权利人的“LEISTER”商标，并销售多款带有权利人“LEISTER”商标的产品以及权利人竞争对手的产品，以及在网站上虚假宣称广州莱丹为“瑞士leister 新加坡和维修服务中心驻中国办事处”等。该争议域名网站具有极大的误导性，易使网络用户误认为该争议域名网站与权利人具有授权、许可或者其它商业上的关联联系，而事实并非如此。 由于争议域名初始注册时间为2006年，域名注册期限已经远远超过两年，不能适用《解决办法》，权利人遂于2015年6月向广州市南沙区人民法院提起计算机网络域名纠纷诉