2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第2篇
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others--all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own self-esteem. We stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a line-up including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciou s deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely-flattering image –which most did – they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.
Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that why people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally –on one level, they don’t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. “It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest”, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madiso n university, “but they portray an idealized version of themselves.”
《科学美国人》中的一篇文章指出：实证研究表明，事实上，你总是认为自己比真正的自己要漂亮。让自我感觉良好对我们来说是一种根深蒂固的需要。因此，我们很自然的会采用一些自我增强(心理术语)的策略来达到这一目标。社会心理学家已经对”超过平均效应”或者”虚幻的优越感”(的现象)积累了大量的研究。结果显示，举例来说，70%的人认为自己的领导
水准是高于平均水平的，体现在驾驶(各个年龄段和性别)水平上，这个数字达到了93%，而更有85%的人觉得自己的交际能力在平均水平之上--都是听起来不可能的数据统计。
我们会美化自己的记忆，并总是自我肯定。对批评我们逐渐变得急于防护，并将负面刻板的印象强加于别人来维护我们自己的自尊。我们招摇过市并自以为我们是非常受欢迎的角色。
心理学家和行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利监测到了一个关于自我增强和吸引力的关键性研究。除了单纯让人们对自己的长相进行心理排序，尼古拉斯普利准备了一系列照片，其中包括了一些被多多少少处理得更加美观的照片，然后他让受验者从一组自己的照片中辨识出哪个是原来的版本。”视觉识别”，据其研究成果介绍，是”一个自动的心理过程，是迅速而直接地发生的，很少或者没有明显的熟思意识。”在实验中，如果受验者迅速选择了一个虚假的美化图像--事实上很多人都这么做了--那么说明他们真诚地相信他们本来就是那个样子的。
除此之外，埃普利在实验结果中没有发现显着的性别差异。同样，也没有任何证据表明那些自我增强感最强的人(也就是，会选择修改后最美观的图片的人)这样做是为了弥补其深深的不安全感。事实上，那些选择更有吸引力图片的人与那些被标识为具有更高自尊心的人直接相关。”我并不认为我们得到的这个结论能证明个人妄想，”埃普利说，”这只是人们自我感觉良好的一个简单反应。”如果你很沮丧，你就不会有自我增强的偏向。
知道了埃普利的研究结果，也就不难理解为什么那么多人发自内心地讨厌自己的照片--到某种程度，他们根本并不认为图片里的人就是他们自己。因此，脸书就是一个实现”自我增强”的天堂。在Facebook上，人们可以只分享虚伪而最美的照片，他们智慧、美丽、天分和生活方式的精华在这里得到了完美的展现。”这并不是说他们展现的都是不诚实的资料，”威斯康星·麦迪逊大学的卡特琳娜·托马说，”他们塑造了一个理想化版本的自己。”
重点单词
psychologist[sai’k?l?d?ist]n. 心理学家
recognize[‘rek?gnaiz]vt. 认出，认可，承认，意识到，表示感激
profound[pr?’faund]adj. 深奥的，深邃的，意义深远的
boost[bu:st]vt. 推进，提高，增加
n. 推进，增加
scale[skeil]n. 鳞，刻度，衡量，数值范围
v. 依比例决
stalk[st?:k]n. 茎，梗
n. 跟踪，高视阔步
intuitivelyadv. 直观地;直觉地
reflection[ri’flek??n]n. 反映，映像，折射，沉思，影响negative[‘neg?tiv]adj. 否定的，负的，消极的
n. 底片，负
recognition[.rek?g’ni??n]n. 认出，承认，感知，知识
2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析 (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Thinner isn’t always better. A. number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem___9___ , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,___10___ others with a low BMI may be in poor ___11___ .For example, many collegiate and professional football players ___12___ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a ___13___ BMI. Today we have a(an) ___14___ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes ___15___in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes ___16___ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. ___17___very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity,___18___in health concems，have stimulated a number of anti-obesity__19__.My ownhosital system has banned sugary drinks its facilities.Many employes instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign ___20___childhood obesity，even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 第1题 A.denied B.concluded C.doubled D.ensured 第2题 A.protective B.dangerous C.sufficient D.troublesome 第3题 A.Instead B.However C.Likewise D.Therefore
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured 2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4of good health. Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI. Today we have a(an)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes16with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign20childhood obesi-ty,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured 2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome 3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore 4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example 5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern 6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of 7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies 8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part 9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward 10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless 11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste 12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay 13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant 14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency 15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored 16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
2014年考研英语二大小作文真题及答案解析 英语二大作文 Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart.In your essay, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments。 You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points) As the bargraph indicates, both city and rural area witnessed a distinguished phenomenonin population fluctuation. Indeed, population in city increased at a breakneckspeed and surpassed that of rural area during the period from 1990 to 2010while population in rural region slightly decreased down to a scale which wasclose to that of city。
Whataccounts for this disparity? The answer involves two factors. The firstcontributing factor is the substantially fast developing steps of cities inChina. No one can deny that since Chinese economic reform from 1980s whichmostly benefits people in city. The second reason is that Chinese farmers enjoythe harvest from new policies that are established to benefit farmers. Peoplein rural areas are allowed to migrate for work and residence by the law and anincreasing number of farmers choose to work in city and become migrant workersjust because they would make much more money than ever before in city. Allthese are the result of urbanization。 Basedon the analyses above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the process ofurbanization will continue in the years ahead, and every single Chinese benefitsfrom the fast development of China。 英语二小作文 Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to 1) tell him about your living habits, and 2) ask for advice about living there。 首先，注意试题要求，一定要在首段告知写信目的后，在第二段给出自己的生活习惯，尾段一定按着题目要求向对方请求一些建议，否则会被认为是没有涵盖所有信息点，会被扣分。 其次，第二段写自己的生活习惯时，不宜写的太过极端和个性，否则你的信件会让目标读者反感，因此起不到大纲要求的“对目标读者产生预期效果”，也会被无情扣掉很多分。
2014考研英语二答案及解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied（否认）与意义相反，doubled（翻倍）与题意较远，ensured（确保）不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A 选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore 表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地；也，而且。因此正确答案为C。 4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观；C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。
2014年考研英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) 2.[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3.[A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4.[A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5.[A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6.[A] in terms of[B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7.[A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8.[A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part 9.[A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10.[A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless 11.[A] shape[B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste 12.[A] start [B] qualify [C] retire [D] stay 13.[A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal[D] constant 14.[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency 15.[A] employed[B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored 16.[A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated 17.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only 18.[A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded 19.[A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies 20.[A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each tex t by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 poi nts) Text 1 What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason
2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the n ation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that mak e it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e6029008.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e6029008.html,promise D.proposal 5． https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e6029008.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over 7． A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e6029008.html,pared 8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e6029008.html,peting
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他