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语法精讲多练系列4英语基本句子

语法精讲多练系列4英语基本句子
语法精讲多练系列4英语基本句子

第四章句子结构及成分第一部分考点精讲精练第1讲相关概念

考点1.词性的英文缩写

在英语学习中,词性的掌握是非常的重要的。如果我们在记单词的时候只是把它们的拼写记下来而没有把它相应的词性记下来的话,我们就不能正确的使用它们,那么无论是写作还是口语表达中就都会犯错误,所以背单词的同时也要把他们的词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性

n. noun 名词

v. verb 动词

vt.transitive verb 及物动词

vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v modal verb 情态动词

aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词

adj.adjective 形容词

adv.adverb 副词

num. numeral 数词

interj. interjection 感叹词

pron. pronoun 代词

prep.preposition 介词

art. article 冠词

conj conjunction 连词

考点2.及物动词和不及物动词

实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened.

(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。) He opened the door.

(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词)

注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

①有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义

相同。如:

The meeting began at six. < vi.>

We began the meeting at six. < vt.>

②有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词

义不同。如:

The man walked away.(walk不及物,意为“走”)

He walked the dog every day.( walk及物动词,“遛”)

She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)

The clothes washes well.(wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)

③英语中一些词及物与不及物的划分可能与汉语不同。

He listens to the music every day.(listen为不及物动

词,而汉语中“听”是及物动词。)

练习1.指出下列句中划线动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物填vt.,不及物填vi.

1.Most birds can fly.()

2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( )

3.It happened yesterday.()

4.My watch stopped.()

5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.

( )

6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. ()

7.Shall I begin at once?()

8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.

()()

9.When did they leave Beijing?()

10.They left last week. ()

考点3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词

实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作

用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。

实义动词

指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如:

He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词)

I like reading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词)

I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词)

助动词

助动词的“助”,是“帮助”之意。因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、

sale .

A. Tasted

B. Being tasted

C. Tasting

D. Having tasted

2.The food ____ delicious sells well.

A. smells

B. smelled

C. smelling

D. is smelling

一些同学分别选A和B。他们说,食物是被尝起来、被闻起来,和食物构成被动关系,所以要用过去分词。

这种说法是错误的。

非谓语中的主动关系和被动关系,不是从谁做了这个动作着眼,而是指“主动语态”和“被动语态”。

1.主动关系:从逻辑关系上看,相当于主动语态。

如:The boy crying over there is Tom.(在那边哭的

那个男孩) 从逻辑上讲,the boy -cry, 男孩哭,

相当于主动语态,是主动关系。

2.被动关系:从逻辑关系上看,相当于被动语态。

如:The house built last year is the strongest.(去年建

的那座房子) 从逻辑上讲,the house was built,房子

被建,相当于被动语态,是被动关系

在上两题中,逻辑关系可以表达为:This kind of food tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious. 逻辑上food和taste、smell是一种主谓关系,是主动语态,因此填现在分词。答案为:C, C.

考点6.逻辑上的主谓关系

在判断是否是宾语补足语时,一般说,“宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系”。一些同学对这句话不理解。如:

He asked me to lend him some money.他让我借给他一些钱。

“me”是宾语,“me to lend him some money”意为“我借给他一些钱”,从意思上看,像一句话,“我”是主语,“借给他一些钱”是谓语部分,但在英语原句中,它们却不是真正的主谓关系。因此可以说:“逻辑上的主谓关系”,是指,从意思上看像主谓关系,而实际上不是。“to lend him some money”是宾语补足语。

练习4.判断下列句中划线不是是否是宾语补足语。

(是的填T,不是的填F)

1.I want him to come at once. ( )

2.He lent me some money. ( )

3.He made the boy cry again. ( )

4.The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )

5.Don?t leave the door open at night. ( )

考点7.复合结构

在我们学习语法的过程中,我们可能会听说“复合

宾语”,“动名词的复合结构”和“动词不定式的复合结构”。

实际上,这几个“复合”,都有“逻辑上的主谓关系”之意。如:

1.He invited us to come to the party.

(us是宾语,to come to the party是宾语补足语;

宾语和宾语补足语合一起称为复合宾语。宾语和

宾语补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系。)

2.It?s important for us to learn English well.

(it是形式主语,真正的主语是for us to learn

English well。“us”是“to learn English well”的

逻辑主语,二者构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。for

somebody to do something是动词不定式的复合结

构。)

3.It?s very kind of you to help me.(of you to help me

也是动词不定式的复合结构。与for somebody to

do something的区别参看,you和to help me构成

了逻辑上的主谓关系。)

4.Tom?s coming late made our teacher angry.(Tom迟

到使我们老师生气。coming是动名词,Tom?s

coming late是动名词的复合结构。Tom是coming

late的逻辑主语,二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。)

考点8.没有人称和数的变化

先看下列三组句中have, do和be的变化形式

1.I have a book

He has a book.

They have a book

2.I enjoy watching TV.

You enjoy watching TV.

We enjoy watching TV.

3.He is sleeping.

I am sleeping.

They are sleeping.

“人称的变化”,是指:谓语动词用什么形式,受前面主语是第几人称的影响。主语同为单数(表示一个人),be在第一人称I后用am, 在you后用are, 在he后用is; do和have在一、二人称后用原形,在第三人称后用为does, has

“数”是指“单数和复数”,“数的变化”是指谓语动词用什么形式,还受前面主语是单数还是复数的影响。如果主语是复数,be要用为are的形式,do和have用原形。如果主语是第三人称单数,be用为is, do 和have要用为does和has.

情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如:

He/I/We can swim.

第2讲句子成分

the

He runs very slowly.

(修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词,做状语)Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.

(修饰整个句子用副词,做状语)

1.几个并列状语的先后顺序:方式→地点→时间

一个句中有几个并列状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间。

如:He worked hard at his lessons last year.

I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.

2.频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never

等在句中的位臵

位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。You can never tell what he will do.

He is often late.

He is always helping others.

He often came late.

3.状语按意义分类

在句子成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认,如果这几个成分都不是,那很可能就是状语了。因此,状语的种类很多,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步

练习7.指出下列划线部分属于什么状语

1.How about meeting again at six?

2.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1f5786294.html,st night she didn?t go to the dance party because

of the rain.

4.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.

5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.

6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work

harder.

7.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very

interested in business.

8.The boy needs a pen very much.

9.The boy really needs a pen.

10.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

11.She works very hard though she is old.

12.I am taller than he is.

13.I shall go there if it doesn?t rain.

14.On Sundays, there is no student in the

classroom.

15.Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a

pen.

考点10.同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后臵定语。如:

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批…学生?)

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的…我们?)

It?s good to us students.

练习8.选择正确答案,并口头说出句中那个是同位语

1.The young man, ___ ,works in the office.

A. me brother

B. my brother

C. my brothers

D. me

2.Our English teacher, ___ , often helps us with study.

A. Mrs. Wang

B. Mrs. Wangs

C. Mrs. Wang's .

D. of him

3.___, some railway workers, are busy repairing the

train.

A. Them

B. He

C. They

D. Theirs

第3讲简单句的五种基本结构

宾语(object)定语(attribute)

状语(adverbial) 补语(complement)

表语(predicative)

考点1.基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语,常见的不及物动词有:act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring,live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:

It is raining now. (SV)

We've worked for 5 hours. (SV)

The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV)

Time flies. (SV)

练习1.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种

1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )

2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )

3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )

4.I did well in English. ( )

5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )

考点2.基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候也可作系动词,有人称之为半系动词。

I.如何辨别系动词

有些动词既可作连系动词,又可以作实义动词。如

何来辨别呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词

be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系

动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。如:

①She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后,她是美丽的,

句意没有大的变化,looks是系动词)。

Look at the picture.(look不能换为be, look为实义

动词。)

②He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是“摸”的

意思,不能换为was, 是实义动词)。

The silk feels soft.(这种丝绸摸起来很柔软,feels

换为is之后,句意变化不大,因此是系动词。)

练习2.辨别下列粗体动词是系动词还是实义动词

1.The door stays open at night.

2.He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.

3.The book still lies open on the desk.

4.What he said proved true..

5.He can?t proved his theory(理论). II.常见的系动词

①状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

②持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要

有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:

He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。

This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

The food stays fresh in the fridge.

食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。

The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。

He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上,醒着。

③表“像”系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem,

appear, look, 例如:

Something seems wrong. 好像出差了。

He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。

④感官系动词

感官系动词主要有look看起来,feel摸起来, smell

闻起来, sound听起来, taste尝起来:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

⑤变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主

要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.

她没多长时间就富了。

He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。

Eggs go bad easily in spring.鸡蛋夏天容易变坏。

His face went red.他的脸变红了。

What he had dreamt of came true.

他的梦想实现了。

Still waters run deep.静水流深。

⑥终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表

达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

His plan turned out a success.

他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.

他预言的结果是错的。

练习3.用下划线划出下列句中的系动词。

1.His advice proved right.

2.The shop stays open till 8 o?clock.

3.The machine went wrong.

4.All these efforts seem in vain.

5.These words sound reasonable.

6.The room soon became crowded.

7.The days are getting longer and longer.

8.He fell ill yesterday.

9.Trees turn green in spring.

10.What you said sounds great.

III.系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语He is a student. (SVP)

Your idea sounds great. (SVP)

IV.在一个英语单句中,一般情况要有谓语动词。

要注意:介词短语和形容词不能单独做谓语,要和系动词一起做谓语。

改错:

①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.

②Your book on the desk.

答案及解析:

Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much.(句中没有谓语动词)

Your book is on the desk.(句中没有谓语动词)

考点3.基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。

宾语可以是名词、代词、数词,动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如,She likes English.

We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.

练习4.用下划线划出下列句中的宾语。

1.People all over the world speak English.

2.Jim cannot dress himself.

3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

4.He did not know what to say.

5.He just wanted to stay at home.

6.He practices speaking English every day.

考点4.基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass 递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。

如:He gave me a cup of tea. (SVoO)

强调间接宾语顺序为:

动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:

Show this house to Mr. Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。

如:Bring it to me, please. (不能说Bring me it, please。)

常跟双宾语的及物动词有:

(需借助to的)allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell,wish, write等

(需借助for 的)buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等

『一般用to多些,用for的记住常用的三个就行:get, buy, make』

He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.

= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.

She bought John a book.= She bought a book for John.

练习5.分析下列句子成分,口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。

1. She ordered herself a new dress.

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

3. He brought you a dictionary.

4. He denies her nothing.

5. I showed him my pictures.

6. I gave my car a wash.

7. I told him that the bus was late.

8. He showed me how to run the machine.

考点5.基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。

The war made him a soldier.(SVOC他成为一个士兵,构成逻辑上的主谓关系)

New methods make the job easy. (SVOC)

I often find him at work. (SVOC)

The teacher asked the students to close the windows. (SVOC)

I saw a cat running across the road.

练习6.分析下列句子划分成分,在后面括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语

1. They appointed him manager. ()

2. They painted the door green. ()

3. He pushed the door open. ()

4. They found the house deserted. ()

5. What makes him think so? ()

6. We saw him out. ()

7. He asked me to come back soon. ()

8. I saw them getting on the bus. ()

9. We all think it a pity that she didn?t come here.

()

10. I?ll have my bike repaired. ()

11. We elected him monitor. ()

12. Don?t keep the lights burning. ()

考点6.there be 句型

此句型是由there + be + 主语+ 状语构成,用以表达某地存在有,它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际意义。

1.be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致,有时态和数

的变化。

现在时there is / are …

过去时there was / were…

将来时there will be…/ there is / are going to be...

完成时there has / have been…

可能有there might be... 肯定有there must be …/ there must have been...

过去曾经有there used to be …

似乎有there seems / seem / seemed to be …

碰巧有there happen / happens / happened to be …2.可用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist,

arrive,等词代替be动词。

此时还表示存在有,但表意要更具体一些。

Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.

There came a shout for "help".

There exists no air on the moon.

There lies a book on the desk.

There stands a tree on the hill.

1. a certain doubt among the students as to

the necessity of the work.

A. It existed

B. There existed

C. They had

D. There had

2.___ a beautiful palace ___ the foot of the hill.

A. There stand; at

B. There stands; under

C. Stands there; under

D. There stands; at

答案:B, D 3.there be 与have 的区别

there be … 某地有某物,某时有某事;

have 表示某人拥有某物。

改错:

1.There has a book on the desk.

2.There will have a meeting this evening.

答案:1.把has改为is; 2. 把have改为be。

提示:没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。

第4讲简单句、并列句和复合句

句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

考点1.简单句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

(划线部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句。)

考点2.并列句(参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous.

前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

①表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but

also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

The teacher?s name is Smith, and the student?s name is John.

He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.

②表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…,

otherwise等。

Hurry up, or you?ll miss the train.

③表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet,

while, when等。

He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a

strange way of making his classes lively and

interesting.

④表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so

every day I work from dawn until dark.

考点3.复合句

复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构,其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。(而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系,而不是从属关系)。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时,整个句子就成为复合句了。

1.It is wrong. (只有一个主谓结构,是简单句)

What he said is wrong.

(what he said,是一个主谓结构,he为主语,said

为谓语,what是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是

另外一个主谓结构。What he said作主语,is wrong

系表结构作谓语。因此,本句是复合句。What he said是名词性从句作主语)。

2.The boy over there is my brother. (只有一个主谓

结构,是简单句)

The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.

(The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构who is wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构,作了前一个主谓

结构中主语the boy的定语。因此本句是复合句。)

3.I was doing my homework at six. (只有一个主谓

结构,是简单句)

I was doing my homework when he came in.

(I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构,he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作

前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。

练习7.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:

1.We often study Chinese history on Friday

afternoon.

2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3.There is a chair in this room, isn?t there?

4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in

the morning and come back home at seven in the

evening.

5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

8.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn?t

it?

9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

11.Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm

helping my Dad on the farm.

12.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every

day I work from dawn until dark.

13.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the

lights of our tractors.

14.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the

north where it is colder they grow wheat

15.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two

men working for him.

考点4.两个主谓结构时,要用连接词,变为并列句或复合句,或把逗号改为分号

一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构,那它就不是简单句了,要么是并列句,要么是复合句。直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。这是,我们有四种方法来改正这个错句:

1. 用and, so, but,等并列连词来构成并列句;

2. 把逗号改为分号;

3. 改为复合句;

4. 把一个主谓结构的谓语变成非谓语或去掉be,从而变成独立主格结构。

I like English, my English is very good.×

I like English and my English is very good.√(并列句)As I like English, my English is very good. √(含有原

因状语从句的复合句)

I like English; my English is good. √(用分号)

I liking English, my English is very good. √ (把一个分

句改为独立主格结构)

I have a house, its windows are very big. ×

I have a house and its windows are very big. √(并列句)I have a house, whose windows are very big. √(含有定语从句的复合句)

I have a house; its windows are big. √(用分号)

I have a house, its windows very big. √ (后面为独立主

格结构)

练习8.利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题:

1.Five people won the "China's green figure” award, a

title __ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.

A. is given

B. was given

C. being given

D. given

2.All the preparations for the task_____, and we're

ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed

3.【2006辽宁】I was told that there were about 50

foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most _____were from Germany.

A. study; of whom

B. study; of them

C. studying; of them

D. studying; of whom

4.Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress,

____ with smiles.

A. their faces are shining

B. whose faces shining

C. their faces shining

5.Many students _____ around, I explained the story

into details.

A. stood

B. standing

C. to stand

D. were standing

6.I have five friends, some of ____ are businessmen.

A. that

B. whom

C. they

D. them

7.I have five friends, but none of___ are businessmen.

A. that

B. whom

C. they

D. them

第二部分专题过关测试

1.改正下列句子的改错。

①Do exercise everyday is good for your health.

②That what he said isn?t true.

③He came late made his teacher angry.

④On the desk is two books.

⑤Go to a key college is my dream.

2.用划出下列句中的后臵定语,并指出是什么词性或结构充当的

①There is nothing to do today.

②The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.

③There are five boys left.

④Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.

⑤His rapid progress in English made us surprised.

⑥The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.

⑦He is not a man easy to deal with.

⑧A typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds as strong as 113 miles per hour.

⑨Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

⑩There is only one program worth watching today.

3.用双横线分别划出下句中的间接宾语和直接宾语。

①I will bring you the book when I come next time.

②He asked the ruler why only the four rich men blew trumpets.

③My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

④She showed us many of her pictures.

⑤Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

4.分析下列句子成分,体会宾语与宾补之间的逻辑关系,并指出宾补是什么词性或结构充当。

①She found it difficult to do the work.

②They made him monitor of the class.

③They pushed the door open.

④Then suddenly I saw a man lying on the ground.

⑤The old man asked us to sit down.

⑥He noticed a man enter the room.

⑦By speaking slowly, he made himself understood.

⑧We want these trees planted soon.

⑨I?ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

⑩I left the bag lying on the ground.

5.用双下划线标出it所代表的真正宾语。

①The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

②She made it her duty to look after all the other people?s affairs in tha t town.

③I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

④He made it known to his friends that he didn?t want to enter politics.

⑤I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.

句子结构及成分练习答案:

第1讲相关概念

练习1.指出是及物动词还是不及物动词

1.vi.

2. vt.

3. vi.

4. vi.

5. vt.

6. vi.

7. vi.

8. vt. vt.

9. vt. 10. vi

练习2.指出是实义动词还是助动词

1. 助动词实义动词

2. 助动词实义动词

3. 助动词实义动词

4. 实义动词

5. 助动词实义动词

6. 助动词助动词实义动词

7. 助动词助动词实义动词

8. 助动词实义动词

练习3.先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因:

1.is是系动词,属于谓语部分;get up early在句中作主语,要用成非谓语形式;作主语一般用动名词,因此

把get变为动名词getting。

2.want在句中作谓语;go home作宾语,而want后面常跟不定式作宾语,因此在go前面加to。

3.is是系动词,后面跟表语,把play变为playing构成动名词来作表语。

4.is为谓语动词,sings in the tree实际上是作bird的定语,bird和sing构成主动关系,用现在分词作定语,

因此,把sings改为现在分词singing。

5.likes是谓语动词,“坐在那边”作后臵定语,“男孩”和“坐”构成主动关心,因此用现在分词作定语,把sits

改为sitting。

6.谓语为has been sold out;“去年建的”作“The house”的定语,两者构成被动关系,用过去分词作后臵定语,

因此,把was去掉。

7.are是句中的谓语部分,“singing over there”作the girls的后臵定语,去掉are

8.wanted是谓语;work hard作wanted的宾语补足语,want后面通常跟不定式作宾补,因此在work前面加

to。

9.remember是谓语;remember用在“记得以前曾经发生的事”时,后面通常跟动名词作宾语,因此,把saw

改为seeing。

10.saw是谓语,“走进那座建筑”是作saw的宾语补足语;看到某人做了某事,常用see somebody do

something, 因此,把walked改为walk。

练习4.判断下列句中划线不是是否是宾语补足语。

T, F, T, T, T

第2讲句子成分

练习1.答案:

1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

2.We often speak English in class.(代词)

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

9.That he isn’t at home is not true. (主语从句,that不能省略)

练习2.答案:

1.在句首加that;因为引导主语从句的that不能省略。(他考试不及格是他辍学的原因。)

2.把that去掉,因为why除去作主句的成分之外,还起着连接作用。

3.把lie改为lies;介词短语不能作主语,主语是后面的a small village

4.把is改为are;句子的主语是the days

5.Play改为Playing;在这里指经常打篮球,要用动名词作主语。

6.Give改为To give;在做决定时,放弃英语不是一个选择。give up指具体的某一次。

练习3.答案:

1.Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

2.Is it yours?(代词)

3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

4.The speech is exciting.(分词/形容词这样的分词已形容词化了)

5.Three times seven is t wenty one.(数词)

6.His job is to teach English.(不定式)

7.His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

8.The machine must be under repairs.(介词短语)

9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(从句)

练习4.答案:

1.They planed many trees yesterday.(名词)

2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.(数词)

3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

4.I wanted to buy a ca r.(不定式短语)

5.I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

6.I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

练习5.答案:

1.His father named him Dongmin g.(名词)

2.They painted their boat whit e.(形容词)

3.Let the fresh air in.(副词)

4.You mustn?t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

5.We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

6.We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

8.I want your homework done on time.(过去分词短语)

练习6.答案:

1.The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

桌子上的那封信是给吴先生的。(介词短语作后臵定语)

2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother .

怀里抱婴儿的那个妇女是他的母亲。(with的复合结构做后臵定语)

3.We need a place twice larger than this one.

我们需要一个比这个地方大二倍的地方。(形容词短语作后臵定语)

4.She carried a basket full of eggs.

她提一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。(形容词短语作后臵定语)

5.It?s a book worth no more than one dollar.

那是一本仅值一美元的书。(形容词短语作后臵定语)

6.It?s a city far from the coast.

它是一座距海岸线很远的城市。(形容词短语作后臵定语)

7.He has money enough to buy a car.

他有足够能买一辆车的钱。(形容词短语作后臵定语)

8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

楼下的那个人正在尽力睡觉。(形容词短语作后臵定语)

9.There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.

在我们城市有许多需要维修的名胜。(现在分词短语作后臵定语)

10.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.

属于食肉动物的老虎以肉为食。(现在分词短语作后臵定语)

11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you

一个自称为John的男孩想见你。(现在分词短语作后臵定语)

12.He picked up a wallet l ying on the ground on the way back home.

在回家的路上,他捡起一个躺在路上的钱包。(现在分词短语作后臵定语)13.There are many clothes to be washed.

有许多要洗的衣服。意译为:有许多衣服要洗。(动词不定式短语作后臵定语)14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.

大多数被邀请参加派对的歌手都来自美国。(过去分词短语作后臵定语)

15.Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.

接着,他要列队游行经过宫殿的那一天到了。(定语从句修饰the great day)练习7.答案:

1. (时间状语)

2. (地点状语)

3. (原因状语)

4. (方式状语)

5. (伴随状语)

6. (目的状语)

7. (目的状语)8. (程度状语)9. (程度状语)

10.(结果状语)11. (让步状语)12. (比较状语)

13.(条件状语)14. (时间状语,地点状语)

15.(原因状语)

练习8.答案:

B, A, C

第3讲简单句的五种基本结构

练习1.答案:

1.Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV)

2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. .(SV)

3.He is smiling all over his face. .(SV)

4.I did well in English. .(SV)

5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. .(SV)

练习2.答案:

1.系动词

2. 实义动词,连系动词

3.连系动词

4. 连系动词

5.实义动词练习3.答案:

1.His advice proved right.

2.The shop stays open till 8 o?clock.

3.The machine went wrong.

4.All these efforts seem in vain.

5.These words sound reasonable.

6.The room soon became crowded.

7.The days are getting longer and longer.

8.He fell ill yesterday.

9.Trees turn green in spring.

10.What you said sounds great.

练习4.答案:

1.People all over the world speak English.

2.Jim cannot dress himself.

3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

4.He did not know what to say.

5.He just wanted to stay at home.

6.He practices speaking English every day.

练习5.答案:

1. She ordered herself a new dress.

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

3. He brought you a dictionary.

4. He denies her nothing.

5. I showed him my pictures.

6. I gave my car a wash.

7. I told him that the bus was late.

8. He showed me how to run the machine.

练习6.答案:

1. They appointed him manager. (名词)

2. They painted the door green. (形容词)

3. He pushed the door open. (形容词)

4. They found the house deserted. (形容词)

5. What makes him think so? (省略to的不定式)

6. We saw him out. (副词)

7. He asked me to come back soon. (动词不定式)

8. I saw them getting on the bus. (现在分词)

9. We all think it a pity that she didn?t come here.名词

10. I?ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

11. We elected him monitor. (名词)

12. Don?t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)

第4讲简单句、并列句和复合句

练习7.答案:

1简单句

2复合句, The boy is called Tom是一个主谓结构who offered me his seat也是一个主谓结构,为定语从句,作前一个主谓结构中主语the boy 的定语。

3简单句,反义疑问句

4简单句,my brother and I 是并列主语,后面go to school和come back为并列谓语,因此也只有一个主谓结构。

5并列句

6含有时间状语从句的复合句。

7并列句

8复合句,what he said也是一个主谓结构,名词性从句作主语。

9简单句,只有一个主谓结构。

10简单句,前面为并列主语。

11and连接的并列句

12由so连接的并列句

13简单句

14but连接前后为并列句,但后面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句。

15含有让步状语从句的复合句。

练习8.答案:

1. D

2. D

3. D

4. C

5. B

6. B

7. D

过关练习答案:句子的结构及成分

1.改正下列句子的改错

①do改为doing, 用动名词作主语。

②去掉that, what本身都有连接作用。

③在he前加That, 主语从句中that不能省。也可改为His coming late, 用动名词的复合结构作主语。

④is改为are, 介词短语不能作主语,本句是倒装句。

⑤把Go变为To go, 在这里动词要用为非谓语形式,要么是动词不定式,要么是动名词。表将来某一次,用

不定式。

2.用划出下列句中的后臵定语,并指出是什么词性或结构充当的

①There is nothing to do today.(不定式to do作nothing的定语)

②The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.(那个微笑的男孩需要他妈妈买的那支钢笔。过去分词短

语作定语)

③There are five boys left.(有五个留下的男孩,过去分词)

④Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(进教室的第一个,不定式短语作后臵定语)

⑤His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(他在英语方面的快速进步,介词短语作后臵定语)

⑥The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.

(距我家最近的那个商店大约有一公里远。形容词短语做后臵定语。)

⑦He is not a man easy to deal with.

(他不是一个容易相处的人。形容词短语做后臵定语。)

⑧A typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds as strong as 113 miles per hour.(台风横扫这个地区,

伴随着大雨和强达113英里每小时的大风。形容词短语做后臵定语。)

⑨Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(勇敢得足以参加这

个冒险课程的学生肯定会学到许多有用的技能。形容词短语做后臵定语。)

⑩There is only one program worth watching today.

(今天只有一个值得看的节目。形容词短语做后臵定语。)

3.用双横线分别划出下句中的间接宾语和直接宾语。

①I will bring you the book when I come next time.

②He asked the ruler why only the four rich men blew trumpets.

③My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

④She showed us many of her pictures.

⑤Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

(前面一个表示人,为间接宾语;后面一个表示物或事,为直接宾语。)

4.分析下列句子成分,体会宾语与宾补之间的逻辑关系,并指出宾补是什么词性或结构充当。

①She found it difficult to do the work.

②They made him monitor of the class. (名词作宾补)

③They pushed the door open. (形容词作宾补)

④Then suddenly I saw a man lying on the ground.

⑤The old man asked us to sit down. (不定式作宾补)

⑥He noticed a man enter the room.

(省略to的不定式作宾补)

⑦By speaking slowly, he made himself understood. (过去分词作宾补)

⑧We want these trees planted soon.

(过去分词作宾补)

⑨I?ll get my hair cut tomorrow. (过去分词作宾补)

⑩I left the bag lying on the ground.

(现在分词作宾补)

5.用双下划线标出it所代表的真正宾语。

①The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .

②She made it her duty to look after all the other people?s affairs in that town.

③I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

④He made it known to his friends that he di dn?t want to enter politics.

⑤I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.

初中英语语法——句子成分及其他

句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1)主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,通常用名词、代词、数词,不定式,动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首,还可用“It”作形式主语(如主语从句) 2)谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用,必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致,通常在主语之后。 谓语可分为两大类:简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语,不管什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成:一是带不定式的复合结构;一是带表语的复合结构。 3)表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态,可以由名词、代词,数词,形容词、副词、介词,介词短语,不定式,动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任,表语要放在连系动词之后。4)宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象,由名词、代词、数词,名词化的形容词,名词化的分词,不定式,动名词,从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语),直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。这一类动词有:bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下,间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后,但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面,其宾语还需要有一个补足语,才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5)状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式,形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。 6)定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活,凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7)同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释,说明,与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词,代词,数词和从句等。 8)句子成分巧划分:主在前,谓在中,宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依,直、间之间to、for连,宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。 第一讲主语 【语法讲解】 主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如: 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词(例如1)、代词(例如2)、数词(例如3)、动词不定式(例如4)、动名词(例如5)和主语从句(例如6)。 注:当动词不定式做主语时,往往放在谓语动词的后面,而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为:It is difficult to understand his words.其中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.

英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)

LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型,注意词性和词序,以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单,但至关重要。掌握好它们,在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 其实英语只有三种基本句型 ▲主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的用于连接主语表示主语身份、状态以及主体和表语所处的位置 词性* 名词 代词 Be (is, am, are) * 名词形容词 介词+* 名词(介词短语) 注:*注意该结构中的名词,它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语(名词) 2 他(是)很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语(形容词)▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。

3 她(是)在教室里。She is in the classroom. 主语系表语主语系表语(介词短语) ▲定语只修饰名词,不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当,形容词放在所修饰的名词之前,而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后,请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 4 幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。--- 英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness i s a station between too much and too little . -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 高个子的男人是从英国来的老师。

形容词介词短语 The tall man is a teacher from England. 介词短语形容词 6. 她在二楼的小教室里。 形容词介词短语 She is i n the small classroom on the second floor. The teacher in the classroom is handsome. My book is o n the deskin the classroom. 表语(介词短语)定语(介词短语)She is in the small classroom on t he second floor.

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)

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英语语法大全 句子成分分析

句子成分分析 在句中起着不同语法作用的成分,叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有九种: 1、主语(subject)表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语的陈述对象; 通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。(名词) He hated to see any bird killed.他讨厌看到鸟儿被杀。(代词) To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式) Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(动名词) Where we shall hold the party is not decided yet.我们还没有决定在何处举行晚会。(主语从句) It’s human to want something better.精益求精是人类的特性。(不定式) 2、谓语动词(predicate verb)说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语担任: We study English.我们学习英语。(动词) The car broke down on the way.车在路上抛锚了。(动词短语) Do be quiet,children.孩子们,务必安静点。(助动词+连系动词) We are having a meeting now.我们现在正在开会。(助动词+实义动词) Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。(情态动词+实义动词) 3、表语(predicative)说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语,通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任: The next stop is the zoo.下一站是动物园。(名词) The game is yours.你(们)胜了。(代词) I was first! 我第一名!(数词) I feel terrible.我难受的厉害。(形容词) Is your mother in?你妈妈在家吗?(副词) I’m with you.我站在你这一边。(介词短语) Mary’s task is to set the table.玛丽的任务是摆桌子。(动词不定式) Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。(动名词) The situation is puzzling.形式令人迷惑不解。(现在分词) Do you feel satisfied with the arrangement?你对这安排满意吗?(过去分词) The fact is that they are cross with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。(表语从句) That’s where you are wrong.这就是你错的地方(表语从句) He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的他了。(表语从句) 4、宾语(object)表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: May I have your attention ,please.请大家注意。(名词) I want a little.我要一点。(代词) I need two.我需要两个。(数词) Hope to see you soon.希望能很快见到你。(动词不定式) They risk losing everything.他们冒着失去一切的危险。(动名词) He insisted on seeing her home.他坚持送她回家。(动名词作介词的宾语) I’ll do what I can.我将尽力而为。(从句)

(完整)初中英语句子种类(一)

英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的,句子可分为: 陈述句:This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句:Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句:Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句:What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构,句子可分为:(2)简单句:I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句:I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服,但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句:Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服,他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事,表示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子,都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2否定句 (1)使用not否定: He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你

初中英语语法大全之句子的种类

初中英语语法大全之句子的种类 2011-09-24 15:37:42 来源:本站原创进入论坛 句子的种类 (一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound。光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring。这部电影很乏味。(说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种: a.一般疑问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? b.特殊疑问句(W Questions;H Questions): Where do you live?你住那儿? How do you know that?你怎么知道那件事? c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?

d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn‘t know her,does he? 他不认识她,对不对? 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如: Sit down,please。请坐。 Don’t be nervous!别紧张! 4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如: What good news it is!多好的消息啊! (二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: 1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如: She is fond of collecting stamps。她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如: The food was good,but he had little appetite。 (主)(谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。 3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:

英语语法 句子成分分析

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小学英语语法----句子的种类

句子的种类 类别例句用法 陈述句肯 定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 陈述句否 定 I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 疑问句一 般 Are you a student? Does she get up early? Do you like swimming? Can you speak English? 用于提出问题特 殊 when什么时间;who谁;whose谁的;where在哪里;which 哪一个;why为什么;what什么;what time什么时间;what colour什么颜色;what about……怎么样;what day星期 几;what date什么日期;what for为何目的;how怎样; how old多大岁数;how many数量多少;how much多少钱; how about……怎么样;how far多远 选 择 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 反 意 It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 祁使句肯 定 Put it here. 表示命令、建议或请求否 定 Don’t look at the noticeboard. 感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf! How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、 厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。

初中英语语法过关――句子类型:复

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初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句:This is a dog. 疑问句:Is this a dog? 祈使句:Open your eyes! 感叹句:What a beautiful building it is! 简单句:I am studying. 并列句:I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句:As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”,通常用降调。 Eg:We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.

be 动词的否定句句型:主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词,它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg:They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型:主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg:I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句. 句型:主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.

初中英语语法大全-句子种类

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肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.

小学英语语法句子的种类

句子的种类 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。 即回答应该按实际情况来回答,实际情况是肯定的,就用yes。否定的就用no.

小学英语一般疑问句,否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导 改为一般疑问句: 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,放在最前面, 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,句前加Did,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,句前加Does,其余照抄 以上都不是,则句前加Do,其余照抄。 改为否定句: 方法和上面一样, 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,再后加not,其余照抄 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,人后加didn’t,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,人后加doesn’t,其余照抄 以上都不是,则人后加don’t,其余照抄 对划线部分提问: ①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分,②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 (注:如划线部分为主语,则用who代替,其余照抄;如划线部分为动词或动词短语,则用do代替,句前加what,再改为一般疑问句)例如: He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now? ---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet? ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.---- Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t. He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school. Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t. We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday. Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t. 练一练: 1、填入适当的疑问词。 1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber. 3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik e.

英语语法分析句子成分分析

英语语法分析句子成分 分析 TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】

一、英语中的句子成分分析 I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday. 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例: (1) Students syudy.(名词) (2)We are fridends.(代词) (3)To go to good university is his first goal.(不定式) (4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.(动名词) (5)Jane is good at playing the piano. (6)Four plus four is eight. 2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例: (1)Students study.(实意动词) (2)We are friends.(be动词) (3)We love China . (4)He can speak English.(复合谓语) 3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。 (a)He gave me some books. 间接宾语直接宾语 (b)Please pass me the book. (c)He bought me some flowers. (1)They are teachers. (3) I play with him. (2)We love watching football games. 4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 (1)I found the book interesting. (2)Do you smell something burning? (3)He made himself known to them. (4)She asked me to lend her a hand. 5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。 (1)This is a red sun. (2)The black bike is mine. (3)He is a tall boy. (4)She is a chemistry teacher. (5)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher. 6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。 (1)The students study hard. (2)I often write to him. (3)The bag is too heavy. (4)I will be back in a while. 7、表语:系动词后的部分就是表语,表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。 be(am,is,are,were,was),apear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,

英语语法句子成分分析和练习题

如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。)这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。(从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs.(他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing 动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。

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