Unit 7
Part 1 Language Skills Development
1. Starter
A. Look at the picture. Suppose he is your friend, and is possibly mentally ill. Answer the following questions.
1. Would you stop being friends with him? Reference answer： I wouldn't stop being friends with him just because I suspect he may be a psychopath. If I think he won't take it too badly and/or it seems serious enough, I'd probably talk to him about it. 2. How would you discuss mental illness with him? Or would you avoid the topic altogether? Reference answer： I would introduce to him the types of mental illness, and how serious it might be if we tend to ignore it. Then I'd like to give him an example of one of my friends who has just recovered from his mental illness.
Mind Map
psychopath n. 精神病患者
B. Listen to a news report. Then fill in the blanks.
1. A ninth body was found (Friday morning) at the scene of a (Christmas Eve) shooting. 2. The shooting occurred (Wednesday night) when a depressed man, dressed as (Santa Claus), arrived at a Christmas Eve party. 3. The man (opened fire) on the participants and (burned down) the two-storey house. 4. The man later shot himself to death (at his brother's home) early in the morning on Christmas Day in Sylmar. 5. Believed to have been killed in the shooting and fire were Sylvia Ortega, and her (parents).
Mind Map
massacre n. depressed a. Santa Claus ex-wife n. 残杀，屠杀 忧郁的 圣诞老人 前妻
Los Angeles County 洛杉矶县 unaccounted for 下落不明，失踪
6. The man was reportedly in a messy (divorce), and used (cocktails) to set the house on fire.
Tapescript:
A Ninth Body Found in Los Angeles Christmas Eve Massacre
A ninth body was found Friday morning at the scene of a Christmas Eve shooting in Covina of East Los -1-
Angeles, police said. The shooting occurred Wednesday night when a depressed man, dressed as Santa Claus, arrived at his ex-wife's Christmas Eve party, then opened fire on the participants and burned down the two-story house, police said. WAfter the attack, Bruce Jeffrey Pardo, 45, shot himself to death at his brother's home early in the morning on Christmas Day in Sylmar, a suburb about 50 kilometers north of downtown Los Angeles, according to police. Believed to have been killed in the shooting and fire were Pardo's ex-wife, Sylvia Ortega, 43 and her parents, police said but did not provide any more details. The Los Angeles County official confirmed that a total of nine victims have been found at the scene. There were 25 guests at the party and nine had been unaccounted for immediately after the shooting. Pardo, who was reportedly separated from his wife and in a messy divorce, used cocktails to set the house on fire, according to local television reports.
Info Box
1. Jerome K. Jerome Jerome K. Jerome was an English writer of the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was born in 1859 and died in 1927. He published his first work in 1885, On Stage and Off, a collection of humorous sketches about the theater. In his lifetime he was also known as a journalist, playwright, and the founder of a magazine called The Idler. Today he is chiefly remembered as a humorist. His most famous books include The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, Three Men in a Boat, and its sequel Three Men on the Bummel. 2. Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog) Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog), published in 1889, recounts the misadventures of three Victorian (维多利亚时代的) middle-class London-types men and one dog trying to have a boating vacation on the Thames. It is one of the most readable, and funny books of the era.
A Victim of 107 Fatal Maladies 身患 107 种致命疾病的患者
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1 It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being forced to draw the conclusion that I am suffering from the particular disease said in the ad and dealt with in its most deadly form. The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt. 2 I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up on the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touch—hay fever, I fancy it was. I got down the book, and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idly turned the leaves, and began to lazily study diseases, generally. I forget which was the first disease I plunged into—some fearful, devastating scourge, I know— and, before I had glanced half down the list of "warning symptoms", it was borne in upon me that I had fairly got it. 3 I sat for a while, frozen with horror; and then, in the listlessness of despair, I again turned over the pages. I came to typhoid fever—read the symptoms—discovered that I had typhoid fever, must have had it for months without knowing it— wondered what else I had got; turned up St. Vitus's Dance—found, as I expected, that I had that too —began to get interested in my case, and determined to examine it thoroughly, and so started alphabetically— read up on fever, and learnt that I was sickening for it, and that the acute stage would commence in about another fortnight. Bright's disease, I was relieved to find, I had only in a modified form, and, so far as that was concerned, I might live for years. Cholera I had, with severe complications; and diphtheria I seemed to have been born with. I read conscientiously through the twenty-six letters, and the only malady I could conclude I had not got was housemaid's knee. 4 I felt rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight. Why hadn't I got housemaid's knee? Why this unpleasant reservation? After a while, however, less grasping feelings prevailed. I reflected that I had every other known malady in the pharmacology, and I grew less selfish, and determined to do without housemaid's knee. Gout, in its most malignant stage, it would appear, had seized me without my being aware of it; and zymosis I had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. There were no more diseases after zymosis, so I concluded there was nothing else the matter with me. 5 I sat and pondered. I thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view, what an acquisition I should be to a class! Students would have no need to "walk the hospitals", if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma. 6 Then I wondered how long I had to live. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any pulse at all. Then, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my
1 此事绝对非同小可，只要我一看到专利药品 的广告，就会不自觉地得出结论：我患上了广 告中所说的疾病，并且已经病入膏肓。而诊断 结果似乎在各方面也都和我所感觉的完全一 致。 2 记得有一次，我患上了某种小毛病（我猜可 能是花粉热），于是便去大英博物馆专门查阅 它的治疗方法。我取下书来，阅读了所有我打 算查阅的内容。然后，我漫不经心地翻着书， 开始懒洋洋地研究起疾病来。我忘记了哪种疾 病是第一个冒出来的，只知道是一种可怕的， 令人震惊的灾祸。而在我还没有看完所列“症 状”的一半时，就意识到我很可能得了这种病。 3 我吓得怔住了，坐了一会。然后，在绝望的 倦怠中，我又翻过几页，看到了伤寒，一查症 状，发现我已患上伤寒，而且在不知不觉中已 经患上好几个月了。我想知道自己还患有什么 病，于是继续往下翻，翻到了圣维特斯舞蹈病， 发现正如我预料，我也患上了此病。我开始对 自己的病有了兴趣，决定细查到底，因此我开 始按字母顺序查阅，看完了热病部分，得知我 患有此病，而且两星期后病情将转入急性期。 然而，令我宽慰的是，看完布赖特氏病（肾小 球肾炎）部分后，我发觉自己只是患上了布赖 特氏病的变种，就此而言，我还可能活几年。 此外，我还患有霍乱，并且伴随严重的并发症。 而白喉我似乎生来就有。我认认真真地按 26 个字母的顺序读完了所有的疾病，得出的结论 是：我唯一没患的是髌前囊炎（女佣膝）。 4 一开始我有点不高兴；不管怎么说，这看起 来是一种冷落。为什么我没有患髌滑囊炎？为 什么单单就漏了这个病呢？不过， 过了一会儿， 我就不那么贪心了。我想既然我已患上了药理 学上已知的所有其它疾病，就不必再那么自私 了。于是，决定不再计较没有髌前囊炎。看来 在我没有意识到的时候，就已经患上了痛风， 而且还可能处在其最恶性的阶段。此外，我显 然在童年时就患上了发酵病。发酵病是这本书 上最后一种疾病，所以我推断我再没其他毛病 了。 5 我坐在那里，陷入了沉思。我想从医疗的角 度来看，我是一个多么有趣的案例啊。对于课 堂教学，我是多么难得啊。有我的话，学生就 不需要去当“实习医生”。我自己就是医院。他 们只需围着我研究，然后，去拿他们的文凭。 6 接着，我开始想我还能活多久。我试着给自 己做检查。我给自己把脉，一开始我丝毫感觉 不到脉动。然后，我的脉搏好像突然跳动了。 于是，我摘下手表开始计时数脉。我测出来脉 搏一分钟跳动 147 下。我试着摸我的心脏。我
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New Words
victim n. 1) [C] a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as a result of a disease, a crime, an accident, etc. 受害者，牺牲者 Most of the victims were shot in the back while trying to run away. 受害者在试图逃跑时，大多数背后中枪而亡。 The victim of the accident was taken to hospital. 事故的受害者被送往医院。 n. 2) [C] a person who has been tricked 受骗者，上当的人 They were the victims of a cruel hoax. 他们成了一大骗局的上当受骗者。 fatal a. 1) causing or ending in death 致命的 Her children's death is a fatal blow on her. 孩子们的死对她来说是个致命的打击。 a. 2) causing disaster or failure 灾难性的，毁灭性的 Graf made a fatal mistake halfway through the match. 格拉夫在比赛中途犯了一个致命的错误。 malady n. 1) [C] an illness 疾病 His wife died of a malady of the chest, from which she had long suffered. 他的妻子因长期害肺病，死了。 n. 2) [C] a serious problem 严重问题 Violent crime is one of the maladies afflicting modern society. 暴力犯罪是困扰现代社会的严重问题之一。 patent a. (of a product) made or sold by a particular company 专利生产的；专利经销的 Try some of this new patent medicine. 试试这种新的专利药物吧。 n. [C, U] 专利权；专利证书 Did you take out a patent on your design? 你已取得你的设计专利了吗? The patent for this typewriter was issued in 1714. 这台打字机的专利证书是 1774 年颁发的。 correspond vi. 1) to be the same as or match sth. 相一致，符合 I assure you my actions will correspond with my words. 我向你保证，我将言行一致。 The reality does not always correspond with one's expectations. 现实不一定总符合人的期望。 vi. 2) to be similar to or the same as sth. else 类似于，相当于 Our arms correspond to the wings of a bird. 我们的两臂相当于鸟的双翼。 American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国国会相当于英国议会。 vi. 3) to write letters to someone and receive letters from him/her 通信 Have you been corresponding with him? 你一直和他通信吗? I correspond with him regularly. 我经常和他通信。 sensation n. 1) [C] a feeling that you get when sth. affects your body 感觉，知觉 I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream. 我有一种坠落的感觉，像在梦中似的。 n. 2) [U] the ability to feel through your sense of touch 感觉能力，知觉能力 He lost all sensation in his legs through cramp. 他的双腿因抽筋而失去知觉。 treatment -4-
n. 1) [U, C] something that is done to cure an injury or an illness 治疗，诊治 n. 2) [U] a way of behaving towards or dealing with a person or a thing 对待；待遇 n. 3) [U, C] a way of dealing with or discussing a subject, work of art, etc. 处理，论述 ailment n. [C] an illness that is not very serious 小病，微恙 His ailments include a mild heart attack and stomach trouble. 他患有轻度心脏病和胃病。 idly ad. with no particular purpose, reason or effort 毫无目的地，漫不经心地 He was idly turning the pages of a magazine. 他在无聊地翻看一本杂志。 Don't just sit idly by while other children are busy. 其他孩子都在忙的时候，别袖手旁观。 plunge vi./vt. to throw oneself abruptly into some condition, situation, matter, etc. 陷入 The country plunged deeper into recession. 那个国家进一步陷入经济萧条之中。 The news plunged them into deep depression. 这条消息使他们深感沮丧。 devastating a. 1) extremely shocking to a person 令人震惊的，骇人的 the devastating news of a plane crash 令人震惊的飞机失事的消息 a. 2) causing a lot of damage and destruction 破坏性极大的，毁灭性的 It is the most devastating storm in 20 years. 这是 20 年来破坏性最大的风暴。 scourge n. [C, usu. sing.] a person or thing that causes a lot of harm or suffering 祸害，灾害 After the scourge of war came the scourge of disease. 战乱之后，瘟疫接踵而来。 The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient. 新老板来了以后，不称职的人就遭殃了。 horror n. [U] a strong feeling of shock and fear 恐惧，恐怖，惊恐 listlessness n. [U] the state of having or showing little or no energy or interest in anything 倦怠，无精打采，百无聊赖 In listlessness I leant my head against the window. 我无精打采地把头靠在窗子上。 typhoid n. [U] 伤寒 alphabetically ad. in alphabetical order 按字母顺序地 He spelt all the nations of Africa running alphabetically from Algeria to Zaire. 他按字母顺序拼出了从阿尔及利亚到 扎伊尔的所有非洲国家。 sicken vi./vt. 1) to become ill 生病，患病 -5-
The animal began to sicken and soon died. 这只动物患了病很快就死了。 The child is sickening for the measles. 这孩子正出麻疹。 vi./vt. 2) to make sb. feel very shocked and angry 使大为震惊；使愤怒 His manner of talking sickens us. 我们很讨厌他那种讲话方式。 Their business methods sicken me. 我很讨厌他们做生意的手法。 acute a. 1) very serious or severe 十分严重的 There's an acute shortage of water. 这里严重缺水。 a. 2) (of a disease or its symptoms) of short duration but typically severe 急性的 acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎 commence vi./vt. to begin to happen; to begin sth. 开始，着手 The project will commence in November 2010 and be completed in October 2012. 该工程将于 2010 年 11 月开始， 2012 年 10 月完成。 After the election the new government commenced developing the roads. 选举后，新政府开始修建道路。 fortnight n. [C, usu. sing.] two weeks; a period of fourteen consecutive days 两星期，十四天 I'm going away for a fortnight's holiday. 我要到外地去度两周假。 cholera n. [U] 霍乱 severe a. very serious or bad 十分严重的，极为恶劣的 complication n. [C, usu. pl.] a new problem or illness arising as a consequence of another disease 并发症 diphtheria n. [U] 白喉 conscientiously ad. taking care to do things carefully and correctly 认真负责地，一丝不苟地 We should do this work conscientiously. 我们应该认认真真地做这项工作。 More steps should be taken conscientiously to solve them. 今后要谨慎地采取更多措施，以解决它们。 housemaid n. [C] a girl or woman employed to do housework, esp. one who is a resident in the household 女仆，女佣 grasping a. greedy 贪心的，贪婪的 Don't let those grasping taxi drivers charge you too much. 不要让那些贪婪的出租汽车司机向你漫天要价。
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prevail vi./vt. 1) to be accepted, esp. after a struggle or an argument 战胜，占优势，获胜 Truth will prevail. 真理必胜。 Justice has prevailed; the guilty man has been punished. 正义得到伸张, 罪犯受到惩罚。 vi./vt. 2) to exist among a group of people at a certain time or in a particular place 盛行，流行 Belief in magic still prevails in some rural parts of the country. 这个国家的一些农村地区至今仍相信魔法。 pharmacology n. [U] the scientific or study of drugs and their use in medicine 药理学；药物学 gout n. [U] 痛风 This drug gives rapid relief to sufferers from gout. 这药对痛风患者的止痛效果神速。 malignant a. 1) (of a tumour or disease) that cannot be controlled and is likely to cause death 恶性的 He died of a malignant tumor. 他死于恶性肿瘤。 a. 2) having or showing a strong desire to harm sb. 恶意的，恶毒的 He advanced towards them with a malignant look. 他满脸凶相地朝他们走去。 zymosis n. [U] 真菌感染 evidently ad. clearly 明显地，显然 Evidently, he has fallen in love with Miss Green. 显然, 他爱上了格林小姐。 He had evidently returned to the spot of the crime. 他显然曾回过犯罪现场。 ponder vi./vt. (formal) to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about a problem, a difficult question, or something that has happened 考虑，沉思 She pondered his marriage proposal for weeks. 几个星期以来，她一直在认真考虑他的求婚。 These are words for you gentlemen to digest and ponder. 愿诸公深思熟虑。 acquisition n. [C] something that sb. buys to add to what they already own, usu. sth. valuable （多指贵重的）购得物 He is a valuable acquisition to our firm. 他是我们公司新来的得力员工。 diploma n. [C] a document certifying the successful completion of a course of study 毕业文凭，学位证书 She gained a diploma in Business Administration. 她获得了工商管理的学位证书。 She worked hard to earn her music diploma. 她刻苦用功, 以求获得音乐学位证书。 pulse n. [C, usu. sing.] the regular beat that can be felt in different places, esp., at your wrist, as your heart pumps blood around your body 脉搏 Fear quickened her pulse. 恐惧使她脉搏加快。 -7-
His pulse beat slowly. 他的脉搏跳得很慢。 induce vt. 1) to persuade or influence sb. to do sth. 诱使，劝说 We induced him to come with us. 我们劝他与我们同行。 vt. 2) to cause sth. 引起，导致 The medicine will induce sleep. 这种药使人入睡。 We believe our price competitive enough to induce business. 我相信我方价格不逊于其他厂家，足以招来业务。 scarlet a. bright red in color 猩红的，鲜红的 crawl vi. 1) to move slowly with the body close to the ground 爬，爬行；匍匐行进 We learn to crawl before we learn to walk. 我们学会走路之前先要学会爬。 Yuck! There's a cockroach crawling along the wall! 哇！有一只蟑螂正沿着墙爬行！ vi. 2) to move forward very slowly 缓慢行进 The traffic was crawling by at 5 miles an hour. 路上的车辆以每小时 5 英里的速度缓慢行驶。 wreck n. 1) [C, usu. sing.] a person who is in a bad physical or mental condition （身体或精神上）受到严重损伤的人 He's a complete wreck after his illness. 病后，他的身体完全垮了。 The stroke left him a helpless wreck. 他中风之后，成了不能自理的废人。 n. 2) [C] a ship that has sunk or that has been very badly damaged 沉船，严重损毁的船 They save the cargo from the wreck. 他们从沉船上抢救货物。 commonplace a. completely ordinary and unremarkable 普通的，平庸的 He is a commonplace person. 他是个凡夫俗子。 Air travel has now become commonplace. 乘飞机旅行现在已经变得很平常了。 clutch vt./vi. to hold sb./sth. tightly 抓住 The mother clutched her baby in her arms. 母亲紧紧地把婴儿抱在怀里。 She wants to clutch at the branch but can not reach it. 她想抓住树枝，但够不着。 cowardly a. lacking courage 胆小的，怯懦的 Cowardly people may act bravely in the hopeless situation. 胆小的人在绝境中也许会表现得很勇敢。 A courageous foe is better than a cowardly friend. 勇敢的敌人胜过懦怯的朋友。 butt vt. to hit or push sb./sth. hard with your head （人）用头顶撞 She butted the man in the stomach. 她用头去撞那个人的腹部。 n. [C] 烟蒂，烟头 The ashtray was crammed with cigarette butts. 烟灰缸里堆满了烟头。
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hamper vt. to prevent sb. from easily doing or achieving sth. 妨碍，束缚，阻止 Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male attitudes. 女性在工作场所的发展仍然受到男性态度的 羁绊。 The persistence of the heavy rain hampers the flow of traffic. 持续的大雨阻碍了交通运行。
Phrases and Expressions
read up 攻读，钻研 Before trying to tackle his homework he read up the notes he had taken at the lecture. 他把课堂上记的笔记认真 看过后才动手做作业。 hay fever 枯草热，花粉热 plunge into 经历，陷入（不快的事）；（尤指用力地）投入，跳进 be borne in upon sb. to be realized by sb. especially after a period of time （逐渐）被认识到 It has been borne in upon him that even sages err. 他认识到：即使圣贤也会犯错误。 It was borne in upon us how close we had been to disaster. 我们认识到：我们曾经离灾难是多么的近。 housemaid's knee （因常跪着做活引起的）髌前囊炎（女佣膝） walk the hospitals to practice as a student to observe the methods of physicians and surgeons 当实习医生 You have to walk the hospitals for a time as part of your medical course． 作为医学课程的一部分，你必须在医院 实习一段时间。 Medical students are required to walk the hospitals for a period of time before their graduation. 医科大学学生 毕业前必须在医院实习一段时间。 feel one's pulse to determine the heart rate of someone by feeling and timing the pulsation of an artery 量脉博 The doctor felt her pulse on her wrist. 这位医生在她的手腕上号脉。 all of a sudden suddenly; happening unexpectedly 突然地, 突如其来地, 猛然地 He was writing his essay when, all of a sudden, he was seized with giddiness. 他正在写论文, 突然一阵头晕。 start off 开始活动，动身；进行（或开展）起来；首发进行，一开始是 account for to be the reason or explanation for 说明，解释 -9-
His illness accounts for his absence. 他因为生病, 才缺席。 scarlet fever 猩红热 do sb. a good turn to be helpful to sb. 帮某人做好事，帮某人大忙 Will you do me a good turn? 请帮个忙行吗？ clutch hold of 抓住；得到 stuff up 堵住，塞紧
Proper Nouns
British Museum 大英博物馆 St. Vitus's Dance 圣维特斯舞蹈病 Bright's disease 布赖特氏病（肾小球肾炎）
Notes to Para. 1
1. A Victim of 107 Fatal Maladies 一个身患 107 种致命疾病的患者 victim: n. 1) [C] 受害者，牺牲者 e.g. Most of the victims were shot in the back while trying to run away. The victim of the accident was taken to hospital. 2) [C] 受骗者，上当的人 e.g. They were the victims of a cruel hoax. Note the use of different prepositions in the two expressions: to is preferred in “fall a victim to …” while of is more common in “become the victim of …”. fatal: a. 1) 致命的 e.g. Her children?s death is a fatal blow on her. 2) 灾难性的，毁灭性的 e.g. Graf made a fatal mistake halfway through the match. Synonym: deadly 2. It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being forced to draw the conclusion that I am suffering from the particular disease said in the ad and dealt with in its most deadly form. 此事绝对非同小可，只要我一看到专利药品的广告，就会不自觉地得出结论: 我患上了广告中所说 的疾病，并且已经病入膏肓。 Meaning: The serious matter is that whenever I read an ad about some patent medicine, I will conclude in spite of myself that I am suffering from the worst or most deadly form of the disease described in the ad. Note that never…without in this sentence constitutes double negation (双重否定). As a matter of fact, double negation expresses an affirmative statement, which is usually translated as “没有??不??”；“每一次??
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都??”. e.g. I never see him without feeling like crying. He never visits me without asking about our old friends. Also note that the clause “…that I am suffering from the particular disease said in the ad and dealt with in its most deadly form” is an appositive clause to the noun conclusion. patent: a. 专利生产的；专利经销的 e.g. Try some of this new patent medicine. n. [C, U] 专利权；专利证书 e.g. Did you take out a patent on your design? The patent for this typewriter was issued in 1714. 3. The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt. 诊断结果 似乎在各方面也都和我所感觉的完全一致。 Meaning: All the symptoms I have got have confirmed every detail of the medical examination. correspond: vi. 1) 相一致，符合 e.g. I assure you my actions will correspond with my words. 2) 类似于，相当于 e.g. Our arms correspond to the wings of a bird. 3) 通信 e.g. Have you been corresponding with him? sensation: n. 1) [C] 感觉，知觉 e.g. I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream. 2) [U] 感觉能力，知觉能力 e.g. He lost all sensation in his legs through cramp.
Notes to Para. 2
4. I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up on the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touch—hay fever, I fancy it was. 记得有一次，我患上了某种小毛病（我猜可能是花粉热） ，于是便去 大英博物馆专门查阅它的治疗方法。 read up: 攻读，专研 e.g. Before trying to tackle his homework he read up the notes he had taken at the lecture. ailment: [C] 小病，微恙 e.g. His ailments include a mild heart attack and stomach trouble. a touch of sth.: 一点儿，少许 e.g. Add a touch of vinegar. Your throat is quite swollen. You have a touch of flu. 5. I got down the book, and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idly turned the leaves, and began to lazily study diseases, generally. 我取下书来，阅读了所有我打算查阅的内容。然后，我漫不经 心地翻着书，开始懒洋洋地研究起疾病来。 idly: ad. 毫无目的地，漫不经心地 e.g. He was idly turning the pages of a magazine. Don?t just sit idly by while other children are busy. Note that idly is derived from its corresponding adjective idle. 6. I forget which was the first disease I plunged into—some fearful, devastating scourge, I know—and, before I had glanced half down the list of “warning symptoms”, it was borne in upon me that I had fairly got it. 我忘记
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了哪种疾病是第一个冒出来的，只知道是一种可怕的，令人震惊的灾祸。而在我还没有看完所列“症状” 的一半时，就意识到我很可能得了这种病。 plunge: vi./vt. 陷入 e.g. The country plunged deeper into recession. The news plunged them into deep depression. devastating: a. 1) 令人震惊的，骇人的 e.g. e.g. the devastating news of a plane crash It is the most devastating storm in 20 years. 2) 破坏性极大的，毁灭性的 scourge: n. [C, usu. sing] 祸害，灾害 e.g. After the scourge of war came the scourge of disease. The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient. be borne in upon sb.:（逐渐）被认识到 e.g. It has been borne in upon him that even sages err. It was borne in upon us how close we had been to disaster. Note the difference between borne and born as the past participle of bear in the sense of “to give birth to”.
Notes to Para. 3
7. I sat for a while, frozen with horror; and then, in the listlessness of despair, I again turned over the pages. 我吓 得怔住了，坐了一会。然后，在绝望的倦怠中，我又翻过几页。 listlessness: n. [U] 倦怠，无精打采，百无聊赖 e.g. 8. In listlessness I leant my head against the window. —wondered what else I had got; turned up St. Vitus?s Dance—found, as I expected, that I had that too—began to get interested in my case, and determined to examine it thoroughly, and so started alphabetically—read up on fever, and learnt that I was sickening for it, and that the acute stage would commence in about another fortnight. 我想知道自己还患有什么病，于是继续往下翻，翻到了圣维特斯舞蹈病，发现正如我预料，我 也患上了此病。我开始对自己的病有了兴趣，决定细查到底，因此我开始按字母顺序查阅，看完了热病 部分，得知我患有此病，而且两星期后病情将转入急性期。 alphabetically: ad. 按字母顺序地 e.g. He spelt all the nations of Africa running alphabetically from Algeria to Zaire. sicken: vi./vt. 1) 生病，患病 e.g. The animal began to sicken and soon died. The child is sickening for the measles. 2) 使大为震惊；使愤怒 e.g. His manner of talking sickens us. Their business methods sicken me. Note the verb sicken is derived from sick. It is formed with “sick+-en”. Such structures are as follows: dark (a. 黑暗的，暗的)→ darken (v. <使>变暗，<使>变黑) light (a. 轻的，发光的，明亮的) → lighten (v. 减轻， <使>轻松，<使>发亮) acute: a. 1) 十分严重的 e.g. There?s an acute shortage of water. 2) 急性的 e.g. acute appendicitis commence: vi./vt. 开始，着手
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e.g. The project will commence in November 2010 and be completed in October 2012. After the election the new government commenced developing the roads. begin, commence, start, embark 这组词都有“开始”的意思。 begin“开始” ，为一般用语；commence“开始，着手” ，为正式用语；start 强调“做某件事的第一步” ； embark“着手，从事” ，常需与 on, upon 等介词连用。 fortnight: n. [C, usu. sing.] 两星期，十四天 e.g. 9. I?m going away for a fortnight?s holiday. Bright?s disease, I was relieved to find, I had only in a modified form, and, so far as that was concerned, I might live for years. 令我宽慰的是，看完布赖特氏病（肾小球肾炎）部分后，我发觉自己只是患上了布赖特氏 病的变种，就此而言，我还可能活几年。 Meaning: I was relieved to find that I was just suffering from a variant of Bright?s disease. I might live for quite a long time if the impact of only this disease upon my health was taken into account. modified: a. 改良的，改进的 e.g. 10. a modified style of architecture I read conscientiously through the twenty-six letters, and the only malady I could conclude I had not got was housemaid?s knee. 我认认真真地按 26 个字母的顺序读完了所有的疾病， 得出的结论是： 我唯一没患的是 髌前囊炎（女佣膝） 。 Meaning: I read carefully all the diseases ranging from A to Z, and my search ended in the conclusion that I suffered all kinds of diseases except the housemaid?s knee. conscientiously: ad. 认真负责地，一丝不苟地 e.g. We should do this work conscientiously. Conscientiously is derived from its corresponding adjective conscientious meaning “thorough and assiduous (负 责的，谨慎的，认真的). e.g. a conscientious worker Conscientious also means “guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled (本着良心的； 有原则的)”. e.g. a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice
Notes to Para. 4
11. I felt rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight. Why hadn?t I got housemaid?s knee? Why this unpleasant reservation? After a while, however, less grasping feelings prevailed. 一开始我有点不 高兴；不管怎么说，这看起来是一种冷落。为什么我没有患髌滑囊炎？为什么就单单漏了这个病呢？不 过，过了一会儿，我就不那么贪心了。 Note that slight is a noun meaning “an act of slighting; insult (轻蔑，忽视；冷落，冒犯)”. e.g. an unintended slight I?m afraid he took your remarks as a slight on his work. grasping: a. 贪心的，贪婪的 e.g. Don?t let those grasping taxi drivers charge you too much. prevail: vi./vt. 1) 战胜，占优势，获胜 e.g. Truth will prevail. Justice has prevailed; the guilty man has been punished. 2) 盛行，流行 e.g. Belief in magic still prevails in some rural parts of the country. 12. Gout, in its most malignant stage, it would appear, had seized me without my being aware of it; and zymosis I
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had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. 看来在我没有意识到的时候，就已经患上了痛风，而且还 可能处在其最恶性的阶段。显然我童年时就患上了发酵病。 Meaning: It seemed that I had suffered from gout attacks even before I realized it and now this malady had already reached its worst phase. As for zymosis, I had had it since my childhood. malignant: a. 1) 恶性的 e.g. He died of a malignant tumor. 2) 恶意的，恶毒的 e.g. He advanced towards them with a malignant look. Antonym: innocent (良性的) evidently: ad. 明显地，显然 e.g. Evidently, he has fallen in love with Miss Green. He had evidently returned to the spot of the crime. 13. There were no more diseases after zymosis, so I concluded there was nothing else the matter with me. 发酵 病是这本书上最后一种疾病，所以我推断我再没其他毛病了。 Note that since zymosis (发酵病) begins with the letter z which comes last in the English Alphabetical order, presumably there will be no more diseases after this one. nothing (something) the matter with…: 无（有）毛病、事情 e.g. The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him. There?s nothing the matter with him; he is just pretending.
Notes to Para. 5
14. I sat and pondered. I thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view, what an acquisition I should be to a class! 我坐在那里，陷入了沉思。我想从医疗的角度来看，我是一个多么有趣 的案例啊。对于课堂教学，我是多么难得啊。 ponder: vi./vt. 考虑，沉思 e.g. She pondered his marriage proposal for weeks. These are words for you gentlemen to digest and ponder. acquisition: n. [C]（多指贵重的）购得物 e.g. He is a valuable acquisition to our firm. 15. Students would have no need to “walk the hospitals”, if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma. 有我的话，学生就不需要去当“实习医 生” 。我自己就是医院。他们只需围着我研究，然后，去拿他们的文凭。 Meaning: Students didn?t have to take the trouble to practice in the hospital; instead, with me serving as sort of a hospital, what they need to do was to gather around me to study all the diseases in me. Afterwards, they will be able to graduate with their diploma. walk the hospitals: 当实习医生 e.g. You have to walk the hospitals for a time as part of your medical course． Medical students are required to walk the hospitals for a period of time before their graduation. diploma: n. [C] 毕业文凭，学位证书 e.g. She gained a diploma in Business Administration. She worked hard to earn her music diploma. Related words: college equivalency 大学同等学历；degree 学位；doctoral degree / 士学位；dropout 辍学 Ph.D. degree 博
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Notes to Paras. 6-7
16. Then I wondered how long I had to live. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any pulse at all. 接着，我开始想我还能活多久。我试着给自己做检查。我给自己把脉，一开始我丝毫感觉不 到脉动。 pulse: n. e.g. 17. [C, usu. sing.] 脉搏 Fear quickened her pulse. His pulse beat slowly. Then, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a hundred and forty-seven to the minute. 然后，我的脉搏好像突然跳动了。于是，我摘下手表开始计时数脉。我测出来 脉搏一分钟跳动 147 下。 all of a sudden: 突然地, 突如其来地, 猛然地 e.g. He was writing his essay when, all of a sudden, he was seized with giddiness. Also note that time is used as a verb meaning “to measure how long something takes (计时；测量某事所用时 间)”. e.g. The teacher timed all the boys to see who could run the fastest. 18. I have since been induced to come to the opinion that it must have been there all the time, and must have been beating, but I cannot account for it. 我曾被诱导地认为我的心脏一直在那里，应该一直在跳动，但我无法 解释现在为什么感觉不到它。 Meaning: After that I was led to the conclusion that my heart must always have been in that spot and kept beating there, but I could not explain the strange phenomenon that I couldn?t feel its existence just then. induce: vt. 1) 诱使，劝说 e.g. We induced him to come with us. 2) 引起，导致 e.g. The medicine will induce sleep. We believe our price competitive enough to induce business. account for: 说明，解释 e.g. 19. His illness accounts for his absence. I had walked into that reading room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a miserable old wreck. 进阅览室时， 我是个快乐健康的人，而出来时却成了一个可怜、走路蹒跚而又衰老的废人。 Note that wreck is the complement to the subject I. “I crawled out a miserable old wreck” can be analyzed as “I crawled out of the reading room and was like a miserable old wreck”. e.g. They parted good friends. (=Although they parted, they were good friends.) He died a martyr. (=He died and he was a martyr.) crawl: vi. 1) 爬，爬行；匍匐行进 e.g. We learn to crawl before we learn to walk. Yuck! There?s a cockroach crawling along the wall! 2) 缓慢行进 e.g. The traffic was crawling by at 5 miles an hour. wreck: n. 1) [C, usu. sing.]（身体或精神上）受到严重损伤的人 e.g. He?s a complete wreck after his illness. The stroke left him a helpless wreck. 2) [C] 沉船，严重损毁的船 e.g. They save the cargo from the wreck.
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Notes to Para. 8
20. I went to my medical man. He is a close friend of mine, and feels my pulse, and looks at my tongue, and talks about the weather, all for nothing, when I fancy I?m ill; so I thought I would do him a good turn by going to him now. 我去看了医生， 他是我的一位老友。 每当我觉得自己有病时， 他就会给我把脉，检查我的舌头， 跟我谈论天气，但从来不收我的钱。因此，我认为现在去找他看病，会对他大有好处。 do sb. a good turn: 帮某人做好事，帮某人大忙 e.g. 21. Will you do me a good turn? Would you do me a good turn by dressing the Christmas tree? He will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred of his ordinary, commonplace patients, with only one or two diseases each. 和 1700 名只有一两种疾病的普通病人相比， 他可以从我身上得到更多的实 践机会。 Meaning: I will offer him more opportunities for medical practice than 1,700 common patients who have only one or two diseases. commonplace: a. 普通的，平庸的 e.g. He is a commonplace person. Air travel has now become commonplace.
Notes to Paras. 9-10
I said, “I will not take up your time, dear boy, by telling you what is the matter with me. Life is brief, and you might pass away before I had finished. But I will tell you what is NOT the matter with me. I have not got housemaid?s knee. Why I have not got housemaid?s knee, I cannot tell you; but the fact remains that I have not got it. Everything else, however, I HAVE got.” 我回答道： “朋友，我不想占用你的时间来告诉你我有哪些 问题。生命是短暂的，或许还没等我说完，你就去世了。但是，我要告诉你我没有哪些毛病。我没有患 上髌前囊炎。我无法告诉你，为什么我没有患上髌前囊炎。但是，事实如此，我没有得这种病。不过， 其他的疾病我全有了。 ” take up one’s time: 占用某人的时间 e.g. She has many activities that take up her time when she?s not working. 23. And I told him how I came to discover it all. 我告诉他我是如何发现这些疾病的。 Note that come to (do something) is used in the sense of “to reach a point where you realize, understand or believe sth. (达到<认识，理解或相信的过程>)”. e.g. He came to think of Italy as his home. 他渐渐地把意大利看作故乡了。 I came to believe that he was innocent after all. 我后来相信他完全是无辜的。The verbal phrase also means “to do something by chance, without planning or intending to do it (碰巧). e.g. Can you tell me how the body came to be discovered? 你能告诉我尸体是怎么被发现的吗？ 22.
Note to Para. 11
24. Then he opened me and looked down me, and clutched hold of my wrist, and then he hit me over the chest when I wasn?t expecting it—a cowardly thing to do, I call it—and immediately afterwards butted me with the side of his head. 然后他让我张开嘴， 给我做检查。 他紧紧抓住我的手腕， 然后趁我不备敲打我的胸部 （我 认为这是胆小鬼做的事情） ，之后突然用他的头的侧面顶我。 clutch: vt./vi. 抓住 e.g. The mother clutched her baby in her arms.
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She wants to clutch at the branch but can not reach it. clutch hold of: 抓住，得到 e.g. Clutch hold of one end of the rope, or you?ll fall down. wrist: n. [C] 腕关节 e.g. They took her by the wrist. cowardly: a. 胆小的，怯懦的 Antonyms: bold; brave; courageous; heroic e.g. Cowardly people may act bravely in the hopeless situation. A courageous foe is better than a cowardly friend. butt: vt.（人）用头顶撞 e.g. She butted the man in the stomach. n. [C] 烟蒂，烟头 e.g. The ashtray was crammed with cigarette butts.
Notes to Paras. 15-16
25. He said, “I am a chemist. If I was a co-operative store and family hotel combined, I might be able to oblige you. Being only a chemist hampers me.” 他回答道： “是的。如果我是同时开合作商店和家庭旅社的，或许能 满足您的要求。但我只是个药剂师，这就为难我了。 ” hamper: vt. 妨碍，束缚，阻止 e.g. Women?s progress in the workplace is still hampered by male attitudes. The persistence of the heavy rain hampers the flow of traffic. 26. And don?t stuff up your head with things you don?t understand. 不要满脑子想着你不明白的东西。 stuff up: 堵住，塞紧 e.g. She stuffed her ears up with cotton wool.
Note to Para. 17
27. I followed the directions, with the happy result—speaking for myself—that my life was preserved, and is still going on. 我遵照处方行事，结果很美满（对我而言） ，我的生命得以维持，并且活得好好的。
3. Questions on the text
1. What effect did a patent medicine advertisement produce on the narrator? He was made to think that he was suffering from the particular disease said in the ad and dealt with in its most deadly form. 2. Why did the narrator visit the British Museum one day? Because he thought he had a hay fever and wanted to read up on the treatment for this ailment. 3. How did the narrator feel when he concluded he hadn't got housemaid's knee? He felt rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight. He could not understand why he hadn't got housemaid's knee. 4. Why did the narrator think his case should be an interesting one to medical students? Because he believed he had all kinds of diseases, which would be an acquisition to the medical students. If they - 17 -
had him, they would have no need to "walk the hospitals". 5. By saying "He is a close friend of mine, and feels my pulse, and looks at my tongue, and talks about the weather, all for nothing, when I fancy I'm ill", what did the narrator imply? The narrator implied that it was very common for him to visit the doctor when he was not sick at all. The narrator deliberately used the verb fancy to imply that the illnesses were only his imagination, not real. Therefore, the narrator claimed that his visits to this doctor ended with "... all for nothing". 6. Why did the narrator say he was doing his friend a good turn by visiting him? Because he thought what a doctor wanted was practice. His friend would get more practice out of him than out of seventeen hundred of the ordinary, commonplace patients with only one or two diseases each. 7. Why did the narrator say "Life is brief" to the doctor? Because he thought that since he had so many diseases, it would take a long time to finish listing all of them. The doctor might have to spend his lifetime listening to him to the end of his account. 8. What did the doctor do with the prescription after he wrote it out? He folded it up and gave it to the narrator. 9. Why did the chemist hand back the prescription to the narrator? Because he could not fill the prescription. 10. How did the narrator manage to live healthily in the end? He managed to live healthily by following his doctor's directions. In other words, he had a diet suggestion, plenty of sleep and exercise, and what's more, he was free from worries.
4. Working with words and phrases
A. Find a synonym (a—h) for each of the words (1—8).
错误！未找到引用源。(e)1. fatal 错误！未找到引用源。(b)2. clutch 错误！未找到引用源。(h)3. ponder 错误！未找到引用源。(g)4. idly 错误！未找到引用源。(d)5. evidently 错误！未找到引用源。(a)6. severe (c)7. commence 错误！未找到引用源。(f)8. horror a. serious b. grasp c. start d. obviously e. deadly f. terror g. lazily h. reflect
B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text.
1. Your account of events c(orresponded) with hers. 2. Further negotiations on services and agriculture were to c(ommence) in May. - 18 -
3. At last justice p(revailed) and the guilty man was punished. 4. With great seriousness I p(onder) the problem.
5. Prejudice sometimes h(ampers) a person from doing the right thing.
5. Discussion
Discuss the following questions with a partner or in a small group of 4 to 6 students.
1. Can you list some factors contributing to hypochondria (疑病症)? The media and the Internet often contribute to hypochondria. They always show many advertisements regarding serious illnesses such as cancer, and often portray these diseases as being random, obscure and somewhat inevitable. The inaccurate portrayal of risk and the identification of non-specific signs of serious illness contribute to increasing the hypochondriac's fear that they actually have that illness.Major disease outbreaks can also contribute to hypochondria. Statistics regarding certain illnesses, such as cancer, will give hypochondriacs the illusion that they are more likely to develop the disease. A simple suggestion of mental illness can often trigger one with hypochondria to obsess over the possibility.It is common for serious illnesses or deaths of family members or friends to trigger hypochondria in certain individuals. Similarly, when approaching the age of a parent's premature death from disease, many otherwise healthy, happy individuals fall prey to hypochondria. These individuals believe they are likely to suffer from the same disease that caused their parent's death. 2. What influence can the Internet have on a hypochondriac (疑病患者)? Reference answer： For hypochondriacs, the Internet has absolutely changed things for the worse. The easy availability of health information on the web has certainly helped countless people make decisions about their health and medical treatment, but it can be disastrous for people who are likely to worry. Hypochondriacs are often not particularly careful about where they get their health information. The information offered by the Internet is vast and unregulated, so it can be misleading. This can lead to serious trouble for hypochondriacs using the web.
Mind Map
inevitable fear illusion disastrous inaccurate portrayal major disease outbreak fall prey to easy availability of information
6. Practice: interpreting
John paid several visits to the British Museum recently. His wife wondered where he went and what he did. They had a conversation as follows. Interpret it into English with your partner.
妻子：你最近天天出去，去哪里了？ - 19 -
Wife: Where did you go recently? 丈夫：我去了几次大英博物馆。 Husband: I paid several visits to the British Museum. 妻子：你去查阅什么？ Wife: What did you look for there? 丈夫：前些天我读了一份专利药品广告，我怀疑自己也患有广告里提到的那些疾病。因此查查看有没有治疗这些病的方法。 Husband: I read a patent medicine ad several days ago. I suspected that I was suffering from all those diseases said in the ad. So I went to read up on the treatment for them. 妻子：结果怎么样？ Wife: What's the result? 丈夫：我发现，除了没有患上髌前囊炎，其他疾病我全有了。 Husband: I found I had all the illnesses except housemaid's knee. 妻子：这可是件大事！ Wife: It's an extraordinary thing. 丈夫：是呀，所以我去看了医生，他是我的一位老朋友，经常免费给我看病。 Husband: True. I went to see the doctor, an old friend of mine. I always receive free medical treatment from him. 妻子：他给你开了什么药？ Wife: What did he prescribe? 丈夫：一些在药房买不到的东西。 Husband: Something I couldn't find at the chemist's. 妻子：药方上究竟写些什么？ Wife: What was exactly written in the prescription? 丈夫：健康饮食，充足睡眠和适量运动，不要满脑子想些自己不懂的东西。 Husband: A healthy diet, plenty of sleep and exercise and not to stuff up my head with things I don't understand. 妻子：那你现在怎样？ Wife: How about you now? 丈夫：我照着药方做了，现在感觉很好。 Husband: I followed the directions and I feel fairly well now. patent medicine housemaid's knee extraordinary prescribe stuff up with
Mind Map
7. Practice: translation
A. Put the following sentences from the text into Chinese. Pay special attention to the italicized expressions.
1. It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being - 20 -
Unit 1 Growing Up Ⅱ. Translation 1.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。（formal） As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.他的女朋友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。（take hold） His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。（anticipate） Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。（violate） It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. / Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。 （avoid, severe） It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 苏珊（Susan）因车祸失去了双腿。有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。 一天，苏珊在浏览杂志时，被一个真实故事吸引住了。那个故事生动地描写了一个残疾（disabled）姑娘是如何成为一位作家的。苏珊读后深受鼓舞，开始相信她最终会成为一个有用的人生活下去。 Inspire vivid scan face up with finally Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship II. Translation 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走路回家。（go by） Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.
爱意味着永远不会说“找工作去” 我和我大学时的恋人结婚将近24年了。那时候我并没有意识到比尔让我最倾心的创业精神竟然是引起无比兴奋和深深焦虑的不竭源泉。正是经济大萧条使我明白了，所有的完美计划和梦想都可能在远强于我们自身的强大力量下改变。正是我们在这个动荡分化时期的所作所为才能说明我们到底是怎样的人。我的丈夫？在他频繁转换工作的那几个月里，我发现他喜欢清理车库。 在我们获得了商科硕士学位以后，比尔和我跟随第一波技术大发展的浪潮来到硅谷安顿下来。我的工作是市场营销和广告策划，而他在一家新成立的公司找到了一份工作，这家公司很快就由Cisco System收购。他留了下来，并帮助Cisco建立起了无线网络业务。而后，他又最终离开了这家公司进入了另一家新兴企业，这一次他是去当公司的CEO。他还成功地卖掉了那家公司，然后休息了一段时间。 我们有三个孩子，在Palo Alto有一栋很好的房子，而且我们感到前途会一片光明。我们生活在美国梦里。我们到处旅游。我们去做义工。我们购买了很多艺术品。我们忙着买东买西，没有注意到连我们的车库都装得满满的了。那似乎就是生活应有的样子。 比尔很快又加入了Google，帮助他们开拓新的业务。他不必像在创业公司那么拼命地干，但日子还不错。稳定有其积极的一面。他有时间回家吃饭，而且还可以给孩子们的运动队当教练。还有，他喜欢他的那些更为年轻的同事们的精气神和智慧。 接着，大萧条来了。我们目睹了朋友、家庭甚至整个国家都失去了工作，失去了住所，失去了全部的稳定感。我们本以为有免疫力，可以躲过这一劫。看看Facebook, Twitter, YouTube吧：难道硅谷又起火了吗？但是这种低迷滑坡却伤害了每一个人，包括那些高速发展的科技公司。Google重组了，很快比尔受雇所做的工作也变得不再那么令人振奋了。他决定冒个险，辞职不干工作了。 我很焦虑。难道他疯了么？这个世界在萎缩，而他也不会再变得年轻。当然，如果你是一个20来岁的奇才，能开创下一个伟大的社会媒体公司，这个世界就只不过是你可以用来获取好处的工具；人们甚至会以你的生活为题材拍一部电影。但是这个城市喜欢年轻人。万一他找不到合适的机会怎么办？ 好几个月他都没有找到合适的工作。我们的吃住开销已经快要耗尽我们的积蓄了。我开始担心孩子们的大学学费、房贷以及我们的养老问题了。突然，我后悔辞去了自己的全职工作而专心照看家庭。我曾经梦想过写作生涯，但也许我应该再找份工作了。我们的未来似乎不再那么光明。 但是我那勇敢的丈夫并没有屈服于压力。相反，他认为现在做一次春季大清理恰逢其时。一天早上，我们送孩子上学之后他说：“哎，亲爱的，我们家的东西太多了。我们来一个清宅旧货大甩卖吧。” 现在我有很多的事情要做，但是花时间去清理孩子们的旧录影带、不能穿的衣服、不用的玩具却不在其列。然而，他却停不下来。他需要找事做让自己忙碌起来，我已经开始隐约
第七单元 了解英语 课文A 有些语言拒绝引入新词。另一些语言，如英语，则似乎欢迎新词的引入。罗伯特·麦克尼尔回顾英语的历史，得出结论说，英语对变化的包容性体现了根深蒂固的自由思想。 英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象 罗伯特·麦克尼尔 我们的英语的历史是典型的大量窃取其它语言的历史。正因为如此，今日英语的词汇量据估计超过一百万，而其它主要语言的词汇量都要小得多。 例如，法语只有约75,000个单词，其中还包括像snackbar(快餐店)和A打parade肮行唱片目录)这样的英语词汇。但法国人不喜欢借用外来词，因为他们认为这样会损害法语的纯洁性。法国政府试图逐出英语词汇，宣称Walkman(随身听)一词有伤大雅，因此他们造了个新词balladeur让法国儿童用——可他们就是不用。 Walkman一词非常耐人寻味，因为这个词连英语也不是。严格地说，该词是由日本制造商发明的，他们把两个简单的英语单词拼在一起来命名他们的产品。这事儿我们不介意，法国人却耿耿于怀。由此可见英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。这种乐意包容的精神，这种不管源自何方来者不拒的精神，恰好解释了英语为什么会这么丰富，解释了英语缘何在很大程度上第一个成了真正的国际语言。 欧洲沿海一个弹丸小岛的语言何以会成为地球上的通用语言，比历史上任何一种其他语言都更为广泛地被口头和书面使用英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示身份(／，me，you)、所属关系(mine，yours)、身体部位(eye，nose,mouth)、大小高矮(tallshort)，以及生活必需晶(food,water)的词汇当中。这些词都来自英语的核心部分古英语或盎格鲁一萨克逊英语。这些词通常简短明了，我们今天仍然用这些词来表示对我们真正至关重要的事物。 伟大的演说家常常用古英语来激发我们的情感。例如，在二战期间，温斯顿·丘吉尔作了如下的演讲来激励国民的勇气以抵抗屯兵英吉利海峡准备渡海作战的希特勒的军队：“我们要战斗在海滩上，我们要战斗在着陆场上，我们要战斗在田野和街巷，我们要战斗在群山中。我们决不投降。” 这段文字中几乎每个词都来自古英语，只有最后一个词——surrender是个例外，来自诺曼法语。丘吉尔原本可以说：“Weshallnevergivein，”但这正是英语迷人之处和活力所在，作家为了加强效果可以糅合来自不同背景的不同词汇。而演说中使用古英语词汇具有直接拨动心弦的效果。 尤利乌斯·凯撒在公元前55年入侵不列颠时，英语尚不存在。当时不列颠的居民凯尔特人使用的那些语言流传下来主要成了威尔士语。这些语言的起源至今仍是个不解之谜，但有一种理论试图解开这个谜。 两个世纪前，在印度当法官的一位英国人注意到，梵文中有一些词与希腊语、拉丁语中的一些词极为相似。系统的研究显示，许多现代语言起源于一个共同的母语，但由于没有文字记载，该母语已经失传。 语言学家找出了相似的词，提出这些语言的源头是他们称之为印欧母语的语言，这种语言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年。这些人使用同样的词表达“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”，但没有表示“海”的词。因此有些学者认为，他们生活在寒冷的中北欧某个地区。一些人向东迁徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各种语言，有些人则向西漂泊，来到欧洲气候较为温暖的地区。最早西移的一些人后来被称作凯尔特人，亦即凯撒的军队在不列颠发现的民族。 新的词汇随日尔曼部落——盎格鲁、萨克逊等部落——而来，他们在5世纪的时候越过北海定居在不列颠。他们共同形成了我们称之为盎格鲁一萨克逊的社会。
一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another
九年级英语unit7翻译 Unit7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Section A 2d 桑迪：要去看毕加索的著名绘画作品，我真的很激动。 吴兰：我也是。我很高兴史密斯先生为今年的校外旅行选择了美术博物馆。 桑迪：我要带上我的新照相机，照好多好多照片！ 吴兰：哦，不行。史密斯先生说我们不可以照相。博物馆不允许。桑迪：太糟糕了！你说，如果我们不用闪光灯，会不会允许（我们）照相啊？ 吴兰：嗯…..我觉得我们只是想保护那些绘画作品。如果不用闪光灯的话，那也许可以。 Section A 3a 妈妈最了解我 当我是个小宝宝整夜哭闹的时候，妈妈依偎在我身旁，唱歌送我入梦乡。 在我累了饿了的时候，妈妈给我食物，那温暖的臂膀就是我的床。 当我奔跑在田野上，她确保我的安全，让我远离安全，让我远离危险， 在我摔倒受伤的时候她给我拥抱，扶我站好。 七岁的我剧烈咳嗦，她说我不适合吃冰激凌， 我却大声反驳：你必须同意，我就要定了！ 九岁时我看恐怖电影，她说：这种电影会将噩梦给你带来， 我却愤怒地咆哮：我就该看这样的电影，别拿我当小孩！ 青少年的我开始和朋友外出闲逛了，她叮咛道：十点以前一定要回来！ 我又顶嘴：我都17岁了，不需要你告诉我该不该！ 现在我长大了，回想当初的是时光， 吃了冰激凌让我咳嗦不止， 看了恐怖片让我噩梦连连， 上学迟到只因为10点还在外游荡。 我真的后悔呀！后悔不该顶嘴，后悔没有听从妈妈的忠告； 妈妈最了解（孩子），她只是想怎样对我最好！ Section B 2b
能允许我自己做决定吗？ 很多青少年都有自己的业余爱好。但有时候，这些业余爱好会阻碍他们的学业，父母可能会担心他们在学校的学习成绩。孩子们都希望尽可能多些机会实践自己爱好。你同意吗？ 刘宇是来自山东省的一位15岁的男孩，他是一个赛跑运动明星。他是学校校队的一名队员，希望长大以后能成为职业跑步运动员。可是他的父母不愿让他花太多时间去训练。“我们当然希望看到他实现自己的梦想，”刘先生说，“我们也知道他是多么喜欢跑步，我妻子和我也曾经支持他的每一次比赛。我们不反对跑步，但是儿子必须要考虑其他可能得工作。他现在长大了，他一定要考虑好，万一成不了职业运动员怎么办？” 刘宇却不认同他们的想法。“我觉得应该允许我自己做决定，”她说：“我父母总是教育我在学校努力学习、上大学是多么多么重要。我能理解这一点，但是对于跑步，我也是很严肃对待的。这是唯一我特别想做的事情” 刘宇的父母认为刘宇晚上应该用功学习，因此，我们不同意他晚上出去练习跑步。“也许他会认为我们太过严格或者不公平。”刘先生说，“但我们认为我们这么做是对的。成为一个职业运动明星是很难的，所以他必须在自己的功课上多花点时间。” 但刘宇还是不同意。“我知道我父母关心我。他们总是说如果不成功怎么办。可我一定会成功！我跑的很快。我觉得应该让我自己做决定。只有这样我才有机会实现自己的梦想。”
(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.
V. Translation 美国国家公园 曾经，美国共和党被认为是环保党。毕竟，阿贝·林肯划分了后来成为约塞米蒂国家公园的第一块地。尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特保护了成为黄石国家公园的那块地。所有人都知道西奥多·罗斯福，他的成就很多，他签署了1906年颁布的《美国古迹法》，保护了美国大峡谷。卡尔文·柯立芝保护了冰川湾；德怀特·艾森豪威尔为建立南极国家野生动物庇护所作出了第一步努力。在共和、民主两党支持下，20世纪70年代理查德·尼克松颁布一系列保护环境的法案：《空气清洁法》、《美国国家环境政策法案》、《濒危动物法案》。 美国国家公园管理处管理着七千七百多万英亩的土地，320个不同种类的公园，最近审批的一个还覆盖了阿拉斯加广袤原始土地。所管辖的公园种类多样，有城市公园、名胜古迹、海滨公园、国家河流，还有越来越多将公众休闲放在第一位的休闲区。还有就是国家公园了，虽然它们吸引着成千上万的游客，但是国家公园的首要职能还是环境保护。在一个贸易自由、商业利益强大的国度，这些公园所起的作用不可或缺。在横跨旧金山湾的金门大桥边，生态环境保护者为保护仅存的红杉树，创办了红杉树国家公园，这些红杉高大挺拔。伐木工人异常愤怒，在城市中游行示威，高喊“禁止再建公园”。但是环保主义者和生态环境保护者总有他们自己的口号，这是“自由的国度”，他们的影响力也比其他国家环保主义者的影响力要大。 第一个国家公园是成立于1872年的黄石公园，位于怀俄明州。黄石公园的一切都可以和浪漫联系在一起，将沸水柱喷射到200英尺高空的间歇泉，拥有奔腾河流和宏伟瀑布的大峡谷。还有白雪皑皑的山峰、群树环绕的湖泊、广袤的森林、一望无际的草地，黄石河蜿蜒其间，直至流入大峡谷。草地上，野牛、麋鹿、驼鹿和梅花鹿都来这里栖息吃草。 美国国家公园是世界上保护自然环境的典范。所有公园都尽可能保持原生态。中部平原以西地区，木材商摧毁了大片森林，但在森林公园中，禁止砍伐任何一棵树。一棵树自然倒下时，任由它腐烂以滋润土壤，养分提供新树的生长。许多国家公园只要不是人为引起的森林火灾也是允许的，任由它自生自灭。
第一单元好好生活 马蒂的故事 你好。我叫马蒂．菲尔丁。我想你可能会说我是“百万人中才有一个”的那种人。换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，使我的身体非常虚弱，所以我不能像别人那样快跑或快步爬楼梯。再说，有时候我还会笨手笨脚、不小心摔掉东西，或磕碰到家具上。不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。我的座右铭是：活一天算一天。 十岁以前，我跟其他人是一样的。我常常爬树、游泳、踢足球。说实在的，我过去常常梦想我会成为职业球员，代表我们的国家参加世界杯足球赛。后来，我的身体开始变得越来越虚弱，以至于只能坐在体育场的长凳上欣赏足球了。最后我到医院去做了检查，几乎住了三个月的医院。我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。即使做过了所有这些检查，也没有人能够确诊这个病。因此，很难知道将来会是个什么样子。 问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。因此，当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此，上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。有时候我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落了许多功课。每次缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。 我在中学时期的生活(比在小学时)要轻松多了，因为我的同学开始接受了我的状况。还有些同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们罢了。总而言之，我生活得挺好。我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。我有雄心壮志，长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。去年我发明了一个电脑足球游戏，有一家大公司已经决定从我这儿买走。我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。除了同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。我有两只兔子、一只鹦鹉、一缸金鱼和一只乌龟。我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值。此外，我还有好多功课，特别是在病了一段时间之后。 在许多方面，我身体的残疾倒使我心理上变得更加坚强、更加独立。我必须努力工作才能过上正常的生活，但这是值得的。假如我有机会跟健康孩子讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。因此，不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也别不理睬他们。要接受他们，给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。 谢谢你们读我的故事。．马蒂 致建筑师的一封信桑达斯女士 爱丽斯。梅杰 总建筑师剑桥街64号 影院设计公司班克斯敦 希尔街44号 班克斯敦 20(0年9月2,4日 亲爱的桑达斯女士： 今天我从报上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新影院的建筑设计师。我希望您不介意我写信询问您是否已考虑到残疾顾客的需要。尤其是以下几点不知您是否考虑到了：
为自己而写 从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这—一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前，我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。 弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时，我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板，完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。他救着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来—·本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。 我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—·年，不少日子过去了，还真率出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸，出了不少题供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有，但绝大多数—样乏味。我把作文题带回家，——直没写，直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。… 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来，当时，我们大家——起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过，在座的大人也是经验不足，没有—个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中，我回想起来，当晚我们笑作—团，争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。 突然我就想描述那…切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想白得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它—个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后，我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。 等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写——篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午，我别无选择，只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文，他把别人的都发了，·就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命—放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。 “好了，孩子们，”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是：吃意大利细面条的艺术。” 于是他开始念了。是我写的!他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是，全班同学都在听着他念，而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来，接着全班都笑了，不是轻蔑嘲弄，而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次，好抑制他那丝拘谨的微笑。我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十——年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的——刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道：“瞧，孩子们，这就是小品文，懂了没有。这才是一知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓，知道了没有。祝贺你，贝克先生。”他这番话使我沉浸 在十全十美的幸福之中
让志愿精神闪光 1. 我们今天刊登的安德鲁?哈特尔博士访谈录，内容振奋人心，感人肺腑，有好些值得关注的亮点。也许其最大的影响力源于哈特尔博士的信念：奥运会已治愈了2005年7月7日（即宣布英国承办2012年奥运会的次日）那场恐怖的自杀式爆炸对伦敦造成的心灵创伤。那天，哈特尔博士在帕丁顿的圣玛丽医院手术室正准备上班，在得知“出大事”之后，他毫不犹豫地赶往医院紧急事故抢救部支援。 2. 他所面临的伤员状况令他震惊。和许多当天努力抢救伤员的人一样，其后数年，他都因那一天所见的惨状深受困扰。他自愿加入了2012年奥运会医疗小组。从参加的首个任务开始，他便感受到了奥运会的魔力：“忧虑消失了，对我来说，今天的伦敦再也不是7?7事件中的伦敦了。那天上午，我目睹的状况惨绝人寰，而现在，我看到了人间至美。”他的话总结了伦敦奥运会是怎样影响了我们大多数人。奥运选手的竞技水准令我们惊叹，但7万名志愿者的努力才是这次盛会中最杰出的部分，正是因为他们的付出，奥运会才会如此高效和精彩。 3. 志愿者中有男有女，他们可能并不富裕，也非条件优越、天赋异禀，亦非处于某种弱势，确实没有异于常人之处。但他们有着共同的奉献精神，不为自我，而要为他人创造快乐福祉。志愿者们所呈现的精神，是全人类最重要、最珍贵的品格之一。珍惜、保持、光大这种精神应该作为奥运会的遗产传承下去。的确，如果没有这种精神的保持与发扬，奥运会精神遗产传承一说就无从谈起。
4. 志愿精神对实现英国的美好未来至关重要。大卫?卡梅伦提出的“大社会”观念虽未必引起公众共鸣，但本质上传递了一个极其重要的理念：我们不能也不应期待政府官员为我们包办一切。政府没有也不应该拥有资源事事介入，包办一切；我们应能团结一致，作出奉献。 5. 当然，英国人民在团结奉献方面已规模显著。在全国各地，人们成立了各种团体：有的组织帮助儿童安全上学，有的辅导儿童提高读写技能，有的引导人们参与运动，还有的帮助减轻老人生活中的寂寞。 6. 我们相信，凡此种种志愿精神，都将在奥运会志愿者的榜样下发扬光大，是他们过去两周的卓越工作成就了伦敦奥运会。但关键问题是，我们该如何推动这种志愿文化蓬勃发展并使其历久不衰呢？与美国等一些国家相比，英国的志愿文化传统相对薄弱。在美国，公共图书馆维护，有时甚至人行道和街道清洁等工作都是由志愿者完成的。 7. 在英国，尽管已涌现出一大批卓有成效且极具价值的志愿活动，但很多时候，人们仍习惯认为普通公民并没有义务承担这些工作。究其原因，部分是因为历届政府对那些想为社区做点事的人设置了不少障碍。 8. 上届工党政府推出了一系列举措，可能导致人们不愿再投入时间精力开展任何志愿活动。其中最繁杂的要数犯罪记录局的审查规定，任何可能涉及儿童活动的相关人员都需接受审查。这个规定本意是好的，结果却很荒唐：在教堂里摆花的妇女，甚至带自己孩子参加幼童军和童子军活动的父母都要接受
艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。 成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。 享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。 为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。 他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。 尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。 若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。 公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。 有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将
冒极大的失宠的危险。 公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。 同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。 他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收， 但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。 它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。 你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。 一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡·王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对，却依然故我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。
Unit 1 1.这个婴儿还不会爬，更不要说走了。 The baby can't even crawl yet,let alone walk! 2.威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭，但是我认为他在说谎。 Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder , but in my opinion he told a lie. 3.一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。 To a certain extent the speed of reading is colsely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you cam cope with outside calss reading better. 4.根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。 Acccording to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. 5.有些人想当然地认为日语中的没一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。 Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. 6.我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。 We have passed all rlevant information on to the police. 7.关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。 There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. 8.事先没有仔细阅读合同就签了名是吉姆的错误。 It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. 9.他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。 They refused to provide us with all the information we need. 10.这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。 This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. 11.这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。 The film is based on a play by Shakespeare. 12.如果你的英语和电脑技术都能掌握好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。 If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job. Unit 2 1.很多老师不赞同这种做法。 Many teachers frowned on this practice. 2.当我想从草地上传过去的时候，有位老人在旁边怒视我。 An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the law. 3.当我提到我的父亲时，她的脸上露出了认出我的笑容。 When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face. 4.我的大孩子比较听话，而小的那个非常倔。 我现在还常回想起小的孩子在中学毕业后是如何执意要出国读书的。
UNIT7 TESTA 当诚实消失时 1 “有真正诚实的人吗？”我们的报纸版面和电视新闻充斥着不计其数的有关欺骗、说谎和诈骗的报道，诚实似乎已经成为正在迅速消失的价值观。而且这些报道表明，全球范围内腐败和不诚实现象蔓延范围之广已经危及到了社会的安康。这些报道中包括诸如此类的故事：学生因考试前贩卖大学期末考题而面临犯罪指控；一名学生因提交买来的、还夹着收据的学期论文而被勒令退学；一名职员用公司的邮资机来邮寄自己的圣诞贺卡，他在寄了一张贺卡给公司的财务主管后被发现！我们都读过或听过类似的事情，更别说社会各层面存在的种种不诚实行为，如偷窃东西的顾和索取贿赂的政客。去年一年，一家大型连锁酒店的大量毛巾被游客偷走，酒店因此花费了300万美元来添置新毛巾。尤其令人担忧的是，世界范围内有关学生不诚实行为的报道越来越多。 2 不过这些报道确实是真实的还是言过其实了呢？我们该不该因这些关于行为准则和道德水准下降的报道而感到不安呢？人们认定现在学生中的不诚实现象比20年、50年或100年前更为广泛。如果是这样，其背后的原因是什么呢？如果情况确实属实，那就令人十分担心了，因为今天的学生就是未来的领袖！也许现在学生骗人的欲望并不比从前大。然而，由于大学学位至关重要，这可能给学生带来更大的压力，使他们在学术上造假。毫无疑问，现代科技使人更容易获得造假的方法和机会。写学期论文这一艰巨的任务即便不是最可怕的作业，也一直是导致学生神经紧张和沮丧的原因之一。但是现在，网络唾手可得，点击几下鼠标就能找到非法的资源。 3 现在的学生如果想要伪造学期论文的话不必在网上浏览太长时间。他们只需要找到合适的网址，然后购买或订购网上论文，或者甚至免费下载论文。一个网络服务站提供“质量最高、价格最低的论文”，每页只需5.95 美元。忙碌的、注重节约成本的学生还会找到其他出售“低价”论文的网站，这些网站向顾客许诺“你会既开心又成功。”有些人担心，曾经被奉为最棒的学习工具的互联网会成为作弊者最得力的帮手。 4 为解决作弊泛滥的问题，世界各地的大学现在都在使用反抄袭软件，并且针对作弊和抄袭行为有严厉的惩罚政策。如果学生被抓到以任何方式抄袭或作弊，他们就会立刻被勒令退学。一些大学的教师不再只是谈论日益增多的学生作弊行为，他们决定采取行动。一所重点大学的教授发起一项运动，努力消除一种作弊行为。当409名学生排队离开“心理学入门”考试的考场时，他们发现除了一个出口以外，其他所有的考场出口都被堵上了。考官们要求学生出示带有照片的身份证件。如果他们能够提供令人满意的身份证件，他们就可以离开。如果他们把证件落在家里了，考官们就会当面质问他们，并拍下他们的照片。这项运动的目的就是要揭露那些雇来的作弊者，即替其他学生考试的学生。这所大学的大部分学生都对这个新举措拍手称快。
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and