4101《大学英语2》复习范围 2012-6
题型：
I. Listen and write the missing words.（每小题2分，共20分）
II. Vocabulary and Structure（每小题1.5分，共30分）
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension （每小题2分，共20分）
Ⅳ. Translation （每小题3分，共30分）
Section A: Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
Section B: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (15 points)
具体范围如下所示：
I. Listen and write the missing words.
Directions：You will hear ten short sentences. Each conversation will be read twice. Please give the missing words.
1.You can _take___ a taxi to any place.
2.On __Saturdays____ I clean my apartment.
3.That jacket is too big. Try a different __size___.
4.What is she ___like_____?
5.I need a _big desk____ for all my books and papers.
6.It’s __close to____ France.
7.Let’s go by __foot____. It’s not very far from here.
8.Tom is my _husband_______. We got married in Japan in 1999.
9.I am a __waiter_______. I have to get food to my customers fast.
10.I don’t have a lot of time to watch TV. Sunday _evenings__ are about the only time I do it.
11.It’s on the _________ of Wall Street and First Street.
12.The hospital is __across____ from the shopping center.
13.Hi, Tom. ____how are____ you doing?
14.Nice to meet you, Hana. Where are ___you from_____?
15.I have a __great view____ of the lake.
16.That is a _good color_____ for you.
17.What does Alice __look__ like?
18.I need a __big desk____ for all my books and papers.
19.She is really ___friendly____.
20.Turn _right___ on Wall Street.
21.You are from Monaco. ______ Where is that _________?
22.She is _____ tall _________ and has long curly hair.
23.That ____ shirt ______ looks great on you.
24.This is Jackie, my niece. She is my older brother Tom’s ___ daughter _____.
25.It’s a lot of fun being a tour ____ guide ______. I meet people from all over, and tourists are
usually a pretty happy bunch of people.
26.I love being a graphic designer. I design all kinds of things, including websites and logos for
companies. I like my job because I can be _____ creative __________.
27.I go to work on Mondays, and Wednesdays, and Fridays. It’s only _____ part-time ________,
but I make pretty good money.
28.I usually fly to Los Angels. It’s only a short ______ flight _________.
I.Vocabulary and Structure
1.Every day we make decisions that ________ taking a chance.
A. offer
B. have to
C. involve
D. acquire
2.Thick clouds __________ the moon from view.
A.impressed
B. obscured
C. distinguished
D. hindered
3.The flight _________ at three has been cancelled for the heavy storm.
A. designed
B. planned
C. original
D. due
4.I hope it _________ before we set off tomorrow morning.
A. will have stopped raining
B. stops raining
C. has stopped raining
D. should stop raining
5.Some terms in the contract are ___________ to negotiation(讨论).
A. uncertain
B. open
C. close
D. existing
6._________ Chinese just can’t wai t to come back and see the great changes having taken
place in China all these years.
A. foreign
B. abroad
C. overseas
D. outside
7. He took it as an insult which wasn’t at all what I _________.
A. had mentioned
B. had suggested
C. had prepared
D. had intended
8.The manager of the hotel requests that their guests ______ after 11:00 p.m.
A. not play loud music
B. don’t play loud music
C. wouldn’t play loud music
D. couldn’t play loud music
9.His account of the accident __________ to be false.
A. turn up
B. turn down
C. turn on
D. turn out
10.The training office will ___________ full responsibility for the orientation of new
employers.
A. undertake
B. underline
C. undergo
D. understate
11.In the last 20 years China has been __________ into a big economic power in the world.
A. transferred
B. transformed
C. transplanted
D. transported
12.Above 50% of the students interviewed admitted to ____________ on exams before.
A. cheat
B. be cheating
C. have cheated
D. having cheated
13.Medical research has shown that the widespread of the use of cigarettes contributes
__________ the increase of cancers. A. for B. with C. to D. in
14.As soon as he drank some water, he______to tell us all his troubles.
A. attached
B. proceeded
C. chanced
D. expanded
15. Under no ______must a soldier leave his post.
A. situations
B. occasions
C. circumstances
D. states
16.There is _____in the mother’s eyes.
A. concerned look
B. concerning look
C. look concerned
D. look concerning
17.He knew nothing about this matter and made no comment____it.
A. in
B.up
C.at
D.on
18.We have tried out various approaches _______the problem.
A. to
B. with
C. for
D. at
19.The government has taken some_____measures to prevent the pollution of the river.
A. efficient
B. ease
C. effective
D. excessive
20. ______I’ve seen how he lives, I know why he needs so much money.
A. If that
B. So that
C. As that
D. Now that
1-5 C B D A B. 6-10 C D A D A
11-15 B D C B C 16-20 A D A C D
1．The local government is trying every means to make the tourist industry ______.
A. extend
B. reinforce
C. reform
D. develop
2. Whenever he has trouble in study, he always tries, _______, to get help from his teacher and classmates.
A. somehow
B. anyhow
C. no matter how
D. anyway
3. _______ he does his work, I don’t mind what time he arrives at the office.
A. So far as
B. As long as
C. In case
D. Meanwhile
4. I can’t ______ that he will be there in time.
A. make safe
B. make certain
C. make secure
D. make clear
5. That’s the most _______ coincidence I’ve ever heard of!
A. likely
B. absolutely
C. impossible
D. incredible
6. A committee _______ 7 members is to investigate the cause of the accident.
A. consisting of
B. consist of
C. being consisted of
D. consisted of
7. The picture _____ to me my school days many years earlier.
A. recalled
B. remembered
C. reminded
D. recollected
8. The professor demanded that the test ______ before 5:30.
A. be finished
B. will finish
C. will be finished
D. shall finish
9. I’d have come with you _______ I am so busy.
A. except that
B. but for
C. provide that
D. so long as
10. ______ care whether they have passed the entrance examination or not.
A. Does he little
B. Little does he
C. Does little he
D. Little he does
11. The sound _____ away little by little.
A. faded
B. disappeared
C. vanished
D. lost
12. China’s foreign policy is to develop relations with other countries on the _____ of the five principles of peaceful coexistence.
A. base
B. basis
C. foundation
D. account
13. Many freshmen cannot _______ themselves quickly to college life.
A. adopt
B. arrange
C. admit
D. adapt
14. Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre _______ the curtain went up.
A. than
B. after
C. when
D. as soon as
15. Many sources of information are sure to ______ our chances of getting in touch with the current events in the world.
A. enhance
B. expand
C. imagine
D. limit
16. Life isn’t so easy as it ______ be.
A. use to
B. get used to
C. be used to
D. used to
17. Anna said in her letter that she’d appreciate ________ from you sometime in the future.
A. to hear
B. having heard
C. hearing
D. to hearing
18. As they _______ the village, they saw a lot of new houses being built.
A. arrived
B. returned
C. reached
D. came near
19. The bank is said to have been robbed in broad daylight. The police are now ________ the case.
A. looking up
B. looking into
C. looking over
D. looking through
20. The course in History of World Civilization will be ______ online to the freshmen.
A. given
B. showed
C. sent
D. composed
Keys:
1-5: D A B B D 6-10: A A A A B
11-15: A B D C A 16-20: D C D B A
21. Many sources of information are sure to ______ our chances of getting in touch with the current events in the world.
A. enhance
B. expand
C. imagine
D. limit
22. Life isn’t so easy as it ______ be.
A. use to
B. get used to
C. be used to
D. used to
23. Ann a said in her letter that she’d appreciate ________ from you sometime in the future.
A. to hear
B. having heard
C. hearing
D. to hearing
24. Each individual has his own right to _______ his own career and freedom.
A. find
B. pursue
C. consider
D. register
25. She should spend _______ one hour practicing spoken English every day if she hopes to pass the College Spoken English Test in November.
A. at last
B. at best
C. at most
D. at least
26. He gave a/an _____ answer to my request, which made me quite disappointed.
A. positive
B. negative
C. voluntary
D. obvious
27.There is something wrong with the washing machine, but I can’t ______ what it is.
A. browse through
B. hang out
C. get involved in
D. put my finger on
28.The couple lost their jobs, and the rise in food prices _____ their difficulties.
A. figured out
B. went through
C. checked out
D. added to
29.Without Mother’s encouragement and support, I ______ ou t of school.
A. could have dropped
B. would drop
C. may have dropped
D. should have dropped
30.The students have _____ a new plan to protect the environment.
A. launched
B. hosted
C. handled
D. secured
31.Many freshmen can’t __________ themselves quickly to college life.
A. adopt
B. arrange
C. admit
D. adapt
32.Mr. Smith, our new manager, is trying to find ________to the company’s financial problem.
A. a reaction
B. a reply
C. a solution
D. an answer
33.Under no ________ must a soldier leave his post.
A. situations
B. occasions
C. circumstances
D. states
34.Tom is very __________ about using computers, though he is only a high school student.
A. good
B. dependent
C. confident
D. interested
35.She just wanted to make an appointment for a __________ time and place.
A. definite
B. absolute
C. diverse
D. primary
36. Being a volunteer in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games would be a _______ experience
for me.
A. one-in-a-lifetime
B. one and all
C. one or two
D. one another
37. _______ time, I wrote my paper on a computer.
A. To save
B. Save
C. Saving
D. Saved
38. If you want to travel around the world, you should make a careful plan ______________.
A. in short
B. in advance
C. in time
D. in schedule
39. But for his intelligence, we ___________ able to achieve it.
A. would never have been
B. were never
C. had never been
D. shall never be
40. Nobody but a young woman ________ the airplane crash.
A. endured
B. rejected
C. survived
D. lived
Keys：
21-25 A D C B D 26-30 B D D A A
31-35 D C C C A 36-40 A A B A C
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
In the world, soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup, children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream World Cups” in Japan. The children drew anima ls, flowers and people playing soccer under a blue bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama. Some football teams will have games there.
Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup makes more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年) like playing and watching football. Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favorite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.
1.If a country wants to take part in the World Cup, she must have______.
A. Many football fans
B. a very good team
C. many football player
D. a big playground
2.The next World Cup will be held in_______.
A.2006
B.2007
C.2005
D.2004
3. From the passage, in the picture children drew many things except_________.
A. people playing football
B. pictures of some football stars
C. a sunny sky
D. flowers
4. In “Dream World Cup”, the children drew the flags of some countries______.
A. to show their love for their owe country
B. to tell the people their stories
C. to show their good wishes for the football teams
D. to show their new ideas about football
5. Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.
A. they are interested in football
B. they are football fans
C. they think their favorite players are great
D. all of A, B and C
B A B
C D
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon（上午）. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and- energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up（熬夜）late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,
rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably________.
A.he is a lazy person
B.he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C.he is not sure when his energy is low
D.he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A.Unawareness of energy cycles.
B.Familiar monologues.
C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should________.
A.change his energy cycle
B.overcome his laziness
C.get up earlier than usual
D. go to bed earlier
4. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will___________.
A.help to keep your energy for the day’s work
B.help you to control your temper early in the day
C.enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D.keep your energy cycle under control all day
5. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.
B.Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C.Habits helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D.Children have energy cycles, too.
D A C A B
After practicing as a surgeon for several years. Dr. Ginoux decided to apply for membership in the American College of Surgeons (外科医生),a highly selective and distinguished professional organization.
As part of the application procedure, Dr. Ginoux was asked to prepare a list of all the operations performed in the previous seven years. Slowly, as she worked on the long list, she began to feel uncertain. She began to question some of her decisions. Had she used the best technique in that case? Maybe, in this case, she should have run one more test before operating? On the other hand, maybe she should have…Would the doctors on the selection committee understand that, as the only trained surgeon in the area, she usually could not get advice from others and therefore, had to rely completely on her own judgment? For the first time, Dr. Ginoux felt lonely and isolated.
The longer Dr. Ginoux worked on the application forms, the more depressed she became. As hope faded, she wondered if a “country doctor” had a realistic chance of being accepted by the American College of Surgeons.
1. Dr. Ginoux was working in______.
A. a large city
B. the American College of Surgeons
C. an area far from any big city
D. a selective organization
2. The application form must include______.
A.the decision procedure
B. a record of all operations
C.the best technique
D.a list of advice and judgments
3. It was most probable that Dr. Ginoux was_________.
A.a member in that organization
B.a well trained surgeon
C.a graduate from the American College of Surgeons
D.a distinguished surgeon in American
4. When filling the application forms, Dr. Ginoux began to be______.
A.realistic
B.distinguished
C.doubtful
D.decisive
5. When filling the forms, Dr Ginoux felt depressed because________.
A.she didn’t perform enough operations
B.some operations were unsuccessful
C.che didn’t get advice from the seletion committe e
D.she was not sure about the operations
C B B C D
The first of April is commonly known as April Fools' Day, and it is customarily on this day to play a trick on a friend.
Pranks（恶作剧）performed on April Fool's Day range from the simple, (such as saying, "Your shoe's untied!), to the elaborate. Setting a roommate's alarm clock back an hour is a common joke. Whatever the prank, the trickster usually ends it by yelling to his victim, "April Fool!"
It isn't only children that like such jokes. Grownups like such pranks, too. The news media even gets involved. Some years ago, for example, a famous joke was played on the radio. A scientific correspondent reported that strange geological changes had resulted in weaker gravity in different parts of Britain. He asked listeners to jump up and down and see if they could jump higher than they normally could. Many people did. Not until twelve o'clock did the BBC gently remind its listeners it was April Fools’ Day that day.
It's simply a "for-fun-only" holiday, but a holiday on which one must remain forever vigilant,
for he may be the next April Fool!
1. What’s the customary joke played on friends on April Fool’s Day?
A. To set a roommate’s alarm clock one hour before the usual hour.
B. To fool somebody by telling him his shoe laces are unfastened.
C. To report some gravity changes happened in certain part of Britain.
D. To ask listeners to jump up and down to see whether they can jump higher
2. The word “vigilant” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. watchful
B. careful
C. careless
D. troublesome
3. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the holiday?
A. Ironic（讽刺）
B. Critical
C. Indifferent
D. Positive
4. According to the passage, what will people do if their friends are fooled by their pranks?
A. They will yield to his victim.
B. They will end up their tricks.
C. They will explain their pranks.
D. They will cry out “April Fool”.
5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. The origin of April Fool’s Day
B. The pranks of April Fool’s Day
C. The news media involved in jokes
D. Famous jokes of A pril Fool’s Day
1-5 BADDB
The sense of sound is one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us. Sound has a wasted product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets any better.
Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution is a threat should be looked at carefully.
There is a saying about it being so noisy that you can’t hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don’t we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems.
Noise adds more tension (紧张) to a society that already that already faces enough stress.
But noise is not a new problem. In ancient Rome, people complained so much about noise that
the government stopped chariots (四轮马车) from moving through the streets at night!
Ways of making less noise are now being tested. There are even laws controlling noise. We can- not return to the “good old days” of peace and quiet. But we can reduce noise--if we shout loudly enough about it.
1. Why are scientists surprised by the findings in their noise study?
A.Because the world is becoming more and more noisy.
B.Because they have learned that noise is also a kind of pollution.
C.Because noise is an unwanted waste for human beings.
D.Because people knew little about the danger of noise before.
2. What may be the result if we cannot hear ourselves think?
A.We may forget what we have thought about.
B.Our thoughts may be interfered.
C. We may have difficulty using the right words.
D. Our mind may be harmed
3. When the writer says we cannot return to the good old days, he means that _______________.
A.our society is becoming much worse than before
B.in our modern society it is hard to lead a quiet life
C.the old days were much happier than the present time
D.it is impossible for us to deal with noise as we did before
4. From the last sentence of the passage we can learn that _________________.
A.we can put noise under control if our measures are effective
B.sometimes we have to should loudly so that others can hear us
C.shouting is a chief cause of noise pollution
D.it is important to warn people of the danger of noise pollution
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Only recently did people realize the harmfulness of noise.
B.Noise pollution is the worst kind of pollution we suffer from.
C.People are now trying to find ways to make noise as low as possible.
D.The writer thinks that it is almost impossible for people to avoid noise.
Key:A D B D C
College brings together people from all walks of life. There are so many different types of people in the world but if you go to a college campus, you are sure to find at least one of every kind. The great part about being here with so many different people is that you get to interact with some interesting characters and see how to deal with them. You will meet the people you dread the most, the smart-ass, the brain, or the unique spirit, but no matter who it is that is your worst nightmare to be around you will always be paired up with them in a group project. When you get into the real world you are not going to be able to pick your boss or coworkers.
Interacting with these people in college and living with different roommates will help you learn how to cooperate with the people in life you find so unpleasant. College life is fun. The fact that I have been here for a short time just means it has not yet been a life changing experience to me. If I were to give any tips on how to survive, it would not be how to survive college, but how to survive life. I would have to say that one should be outgoing and live life to the fullest. Meet new people whenever you can because they just may be a major influence in your life. Also, get your work done before you go out and party. Lastly, I would have to say, in life if you ever feel lost or alone, talk to someone about it. Everyone gets depressed at times in their life and there is always someone who will listen to your problems.
1. What is the theme of the passage?
A. Relationships in college.
B. Homework in college.
C. Freedom in college.
D. Partying in college.
2. What does the author say about group projects?
A. They are always unpleasant.
B. They are always difficult.
C. Partners may not cooperate.
D. Partners may be lazy.
3. Why does the author recommend meeting many new people?
A. They may become your best friends.
B. They may influence your life.
C. They may help you someday.
D. They make your life more fun.
4. How would you describe the author's personality?
A. Shy and underconfident.
B. Strong but quiet.
C. Extremely pessimistic.
D. Optimistic and outgoing.
5. What does the author say to do if you're depressed?
A. Go somewhere by yourself.
B. Talk to someone about it.
C. Try to forget about it.
D. See a psychologist immediately.
1-5 A C B D B
Paper was invented by the Chinese in the first century AD. Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. Scandinavia - which now makes a great deal of the world’s paper - did not begin to make it until 1500. Most paper is made from wood. Paper-making is an important British industry and paper from Britain is sold to many countries such as Australia and South Africa. Some of the wood used in the British paper making industry comes from trees grown in Britain, but wood is also bought from other countries such as Norway. One tree is needed for every four hundred copies of a forty-page newspaper. If half the adults in Britain buy one daily paper, this uses up over a thousand trees a day. All over the world, trees are being cut down faster than they are being planted, so there may be a serious need for paper at the beginning of next century.
When we think of paper, we think of newspaper, books, letters and writing paper. But there are many other uses. Only half of paper is used for books and newspaper, etc. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Each year, more and more things are made of paper. Now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. But the latest in paper making seems to be paper houses.
1. Where was paper invented?
A. In China.
B. In southern Europe.
C. In Scandinavia.
D. In Britain.
2. Scandinavia began to make paper ____________.
A. in 1100
B. in 1400
C. in 1500
D. in the first century
3. Every four hundred copies of a forty-page newspaper will need ____________.
A. half a tree
B. one tree
C. two trees
D. more than one tree
4. All over the world, trees are being cut down ____________ than they are being planted.
A. more slowly
B. much faster
C. much more slowly
D. faster
5. The latest things made of paper are ____________.
A. chairs
B. tables
C. clothes
D. houses
Key: A C B D D
Ⅳ. Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 我把简历传真给了那家公司但尚未收到回复。I faxed my resume to that company, but I haven’t received a reply yet.
2. 这条裤子不仅太大，而且与我的夹克也不相配。Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t match my jacket, either.
3. 春节即将来临，许多家庭都将合家团聚。The Spring Festival was/is approaching. A lot of people would/will have a family reunion.
4. 说到期末考试，学生们一点儿都不紧张，他们满脸都是自信。Talking of the final exams the students were not nervous at all. There was full confidence on every one’s face.
5. 我刚刚读完一本从一种新视角研究莎士比亚（Shakespeare）的有趣书籍。I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.
6. 在是否要创办一个新社团的问题上，我们意见很不一致。Opinions on whether we should start a new society vary a great deal.
7. 他感激她的同情和理解，因为在当时对他来说这意味着许多。He appreciated her sympathy and understanding, which meant a lot to him during that time.
8. 学校将延长图书馆和教室的开放时间，尽量满足学生的需要。The university will extend the opening hours of the library and the classrooms to meet the needs of the students at the highest possible level.
9. 既然你决心尽快取得成就，那就别让你的社交生活妨碍(interfere with)你的工作。Since you have set up your mind to make achievements as soon as possible, don’t let your social life interfere with your work.
10. 不论他如何努力，他就是无法弄懂英语。No matter how hard he tried, he just could not understand English.
11. 听到这个消息时，我不知如何应付这种局面。Hearing the news (When I heard the news), I didn’t know how to deal with the situation.
12. 当朋友遇到困难时，他总是毫不犹豫地提供帮助。
He will not hesitate for a second to offer help when his friends are in trouble.
13. 我发现自己对网络学习有着浓厚的兴趣。
I have found myself having great interest in online learning.
14. 这台收音机有些不对劲，但是我无法说清楚。
Something is wrong with this radio, but I can’t put my finger on what it is.
15. 要赶上世界先进科学技术，中国大学生在毕业前至少应学好一门外语。
It is appropriate for Chinese college students to learn at least one foreign language before they graduate so that they can keep up with the world’s advanced science and technology.
16．不论理由是什么，反正我喜欢流行音乐。
I love pop music, for whatever reasons.
17. I found myself wanting to start all over again and recapture the fun and excitement of my college days. 我发现自己很想从头来过，再次体味大学生活的欢娱和激动。
18. The student status has been a somewhat comforting feeling, giving me an escape from the realities of the world outside. 学生身份总能让人感到欣慰，使我可以躲开外面世界的无情现实。
19. During the last four years I have changed my mind so many times; the idea of a lifetime commitment to a certain job seems like torture. 过去四年中，我已多次改变了想法，一辈子就干一行的想法简直就是一种折磨。
20. The Internet allows schools to develop a large amount of learning material that is accessible for students online anytime. 有了因特网，学校能够开发出大量的学习材料以供学生随时从网上获取。
21.The degree to which the students get involved in the university clubs varies a great deal. 学生
投身大学社团生活的程度各不相同。
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.英翻中
1．At that early stage of my inquiry I was pretty open about where to go and what kind of work to undertake.
刚开始打听的时候，我对去哪儿，干什么都很随便。
2. With regard to the theory's validity, we have to provide specific data.
关于理论的有效性，我们必须提供具体的数据。
3. A series of terrorist incidents that happened in the past few days brought great panic to the tourists in the city.
最近几天发生的一系列恐怖事件给这个小镇的游客带来极大的恐慌。
4. The brand-new feeling that my four years of college brings is irreplaceable
(无法替代的). 大学四年带给我的那种全新感觉是无法替代的。
5. For students with limited computer skills, online environments can become an experience of frustration rather than learning.
对于那些计算机操作水平有限的学生，在线学习环境可能成为一种挫败的体验，而不是学习的体验。
6. On weekends, I'd like to stay at home with my parents, while my friends want to go to those loud clubs.
周末我喜欢与父母一起呆在家里，而我的朋友们却热衷于去那些嘈杂的俱乐部。7. The world is enormous and the possibilities are endless.
世界如此之大，可能发生的事情很多。
8. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a
well-rounded individual.
生活中心态失衡，既无法很好地工作，身心也不能得到全面的发展。
9. The years have obscured the name of this professor, but not the lesson she taught.
多年后，我已忘了这位老师的姓名，但牢牢记住了她的教诲。
10. This was the second year in college that I made some lifelong friends, and through many triumphs and failures I came to know more about myself.
正是这一年，我结交了一些终身好友，历经多次的成功与失败使我对自己有更多的了解。
11. We go to school because we want to know more about the world around us and at the same
time extend our horizons of thinking.
我们上学是因为想了解周围的世界，同时也拓宽自己的视野。
12. Learning via the Internet is a new style that many people believe is more successful than the conventional form of teaching.
通过因特网学习是一种新的学习方式，许多人认为它比传统的教学方式更加有效。
13. What you have been looking for is the chance to throw yourself into the world of University Societies, and discover the huge range of activities, which thrive in a city like Oxford.
你一直在寻找的，就是将你自己投身到大学社团中的机会，去发现各种各样的活动。这些团体在像牛津这样的城市里散发着勃勃生机。
14.The audience must have missed their musical performance, or they would have spoken highly of it. 这些观众一定是错过了他们的音乐演出，否则他们会给予高度评价的。
《社会保障概论》(课程代码00071) 第一大题：单项选择题 1.我国失业保险的管理机构为() A.国家 B.社会 C.企业和事业单位 D.保险 公司 2.政府统分型的另一个名称为() A.团体保障型社保制度 B.国家保障型社保 制度C.社会自助型社保制度D.个人自救 型社保制度 3.下列对生育保险性质表述正确的为() A.长期性补助 B.保险性补助 C.短期性补 助D.福利性补助 4.美国失业保险金的给付等待期为() 天天天天 5.与人均投保费无关的因素为() A.人均行政管理费 B.伤残津贴 C.伤残风 险率D.人均收入 6、1885年通过了第一个强制性的《工人 赔偿法》的国家为()A.德国B.英国C.美国 D.日本 7.下列不属于近二十年国际劳工组织探讨的主要问题的是() A.工伤预防 B.工伤补偿 C.工作培训 D.职 业康复 8、1911年，由英国颁布的世界上最早规定实行强制失业保险的法律条文是() A.家庭津贴法 B.社会保障条例 C.国民保 险法D.国民救济法 9、下列不属于享受社会救助的要素的为() A.无劳动生产能力 B.无劳动意愿 C.无经 济来源D.生活上无依靠 10、失业职工失业前在企业连续工作5年及5年以上的，发放失业救济金的期限最多为() 个月个月个月个月 11、南斯拉夫的失业保险基金筹资模式为() A.全部由政府负担 B.全部由企业负担 C. 由政府和企业共担D.全部由被保险人负 担 12、旅游业的失业现象属于() A.结构性失业 B.技术性失业 C.周期性失 业D.季节性失业 13、对我国生育保险费用不承担出资义务的是() A.社区 B.个人 C.单位 D.国家 14、我国生育保险中规定：女职工生育和流产休假期间的工资，与当地上一年月平均工资或本人标准工资的支付比例为() %%%% 15、生育保险待遇与其他社会保险待遇相比，一般() A.不低于 B.等于 C.高于 D.低于 16、不属于社会保险与商业保险区别的为() A.应付风险 B.对象 C.实施方式 D.经营目 的 17、绝大多数国家的医疗保险采用() A.政府与被保险人共同负担 B.雇主与政府 共同负担C.被保险人全部负担D.雇主与 被保险人共同负担 18、不属于社会保险基本特征的为() A.社会性 B.差异性 C.强制性 D.福利性 19、属于社会保险范畴的有() A.社会救助 B.社会福利 C.工伤保险 D.社 会优抚 20、新加坡收效显着的社保模式一强制储蓄型，又可称为（） A.保险型社会保障制度 B.福利型社会保障 制度 C.国家保障型社会保障制度 D.自助型社会 保障制度 21、不属于救助型社会保障制度的救助对象的为() A.弃婴 B.产妇 C.残疾人 D.老年人
劳动与社会保障概论期末复习重点 第一章. 1.社会保障：以政府为责任主体，依据法律规定，通过国民收入再分配，对暂时或永久失去劳动力以及由于各种原因而发生生活困难的国民给予物质帮助，保障其基本生活的制度。 2.社会保险：以国家为责任主体，对有工资收入的劳动者在暂时或永久丧失劳动力，或有劳动能力却因失去工作而丧失生活来源的情况下，通过立法手段，运用社会力量，给予一定程度的收入损失补偿，保障其基本生活的制度。是社会保障的核心部分。 3.社会救助：依据法律规定，政府和社会对因自然灾害或其他原而无法维持最低生活水平的无收入或低收入的个人或家庭给予补助，满足其生存需要的制度。是保障社会安全的“最后一道防线”。 4.社会救助的对象：（1）无劳动能力、无人赡养、完全没有生活来源的人；（2）有劳动能力，也有收入，但因意外灾害降临，遭受重大财产损失、人身损伤，一时生活困难的人；（3）有收入来源，，但生活水平低于国家法定标准的个人或家庭。 5.社会福利：政府和社会组织通过建设文化、教育、卫生等设施，免费或优惠提供服务，以实物发放、货币补贴等形式，向全体社会成员或特定人群给予帮助，以保证和改善其物质文化生活的制度。是社会保障的最高层次。 6.社会福利的内容：未成年人、老年人、残疾人、劳动者。 7.社会保障的功能：人民生活的安全网、经济发展的助推器、社会矛盾的调节器、社会政治的稳定剂、对社会文化发展和精神文明建设具有推动作用。 第二章. 1.英国政府于1601年颁布了《伊丽莎白济贫法》（旧《济贫法》），首次以法律形式确定了社会救济的法律地位。 2.英国政府于1834年颁布了新《济贫法》，以国家为责任主体的政府救济，为社会保障制度确立了国家政府承担最终责任的原则。 3.德国是世界上第一个建立社会保险制度的国家。（贝弗里奇报告）1883年，《疾病社会保险法》；1884年，《工伤事故保险法》；1889年，《老年和残障社会保险法》；标志着世界上第一个最完整的社会保险体系的建立。 4.社会保障制度模式:投保资助型（德美日）、福利国家型（英国北欧）、国家保险型（前苏联东欧中国）、强制储蓄型（新加坡智利）。 第四章. 1.社会保障基金：国家和社会从已有社会财富中提存、积累并用以援助或补偿社会保障对象的资金，是社会保障制度得以确立并解决特定社会问题的物质基础。 2.按基金运营管理方式分类：财政拨款（救助福利保障）、强制性征缴（保险）、多元组合（福利）。 3.社会保险基金与全国社会保障基金的区别？ 答：社会保险基金是指用于保障劳动者在丧失劳动能力或失去劳动机会时的基本需要的基金。主要是应对当前的社会养老、就医、失业等问题，安全第一，保值即可，增值次之。由各地方政府管理，具体由社会保险经办机构经办，包括企业职工基本养老保险基金、失业保险基金、城镇职工基本医疗保险基金等社会保险基金。这部分资金是按照国家法律、法规，由缴费单位和缴费个人分别按缴费基数的一定比例缴纳以及通过其他合法方式筹集的专项资金。社会保险基金的安全与完整，直接关系广大参保人员的切身利益和社会稳定。因此要严格管理社会保险积累基金，除按规定预留必要的支付费用外，全部存入银行和购买国债，在国家做出新的规定之前，一律不得进行其他投资。全国社会保障基金也称“社会保障战略储备基金”，由“全国社会保障基金理事会”管理，是应对将来的社会养老、就医、失业等问题，安全也是第一，但保值增值的任务更重一些。是在社会保险基金和社会救助基金出现财务危机时，充当着补充、调剂基金的作用。其筹集途径是中央财政直接拨款、彩票公益金、上市公司国有股转持、资本市场投资收益等。社会保障储备基金不是用于当前的即期社会保障支出，而是未雨绸缪，为我国将来的人口老龄化做战略准备。 4.社会保障基金给付原则：保障受保障着基本生活、随物价变动调整待遇水平、共享经济增长成果。 5.社会保障基金投资原则：安全性、收益性、分散化、流动性。 第五章. 1.社会保障管理体制：政府直接管理（国务院：人力资源部、民政部、财政部、住房城建部、卫生部）、政府和社会公共组织共同管理、以私营机构为主的管理。 第六章. 2.社会保障水平：在特定时期一国或地区社会成员享受社会保障待遇的高低程度。
文学理论 1、把握文艺学概念以及构成部门： 文艺学是主要研究文学的性质和特点及其发生、发展的规律的科学，属于人文科学范畴。“文艺学”一词来源于苏联，如果将俄语词直接翻译的话，应该是“文学学”，但是为了符合汉语习惯就叫作“文艺学”。 一般都把文艺学内部划分为：文学理论、文学批评和文学史（相互渗透、相互作用） 文学史：将文学看作是一种具体的历史发展，不断追溯这种历史发展的具体脉络与详细状况 文学批评：具体研究某部文学艺术作品或者某类文学艺术作品 文学理论：对于文学的性质、范畴以及判断标准的研究 2、文学活动的四要素：世界、作品、艺术家、读者 第一，文学是一种整体的活动，无论单单是作者还是读者或者是作品都不能构成文学，文学是由一系列的活动构成的，并且这些活动在不同的历史阶段有不同的特点，例如本来是一个小便池，但是在特定的历史语境中，小便池也成为一件艺术作品。这也就是“文学活动发展论”。 第二，与社会生活中的其他各种活动相比，文学活动有着不同的性质和特点，否则文学活动就与其他活动没有差别了。这种从总体上来研究文学活动区别于其他活动的特殊性质，就构成了“文学活动本质论”。 第三，四要素中的“世界“这一要素就是社会生活，社会生活是一切文学艺术的源泉，但是社会生活与文学艺术之间是，文学艺术来源于生活却高于生活，这种高于生活的过程就是作家的艺术创造活动，而研究作家如何根据生活进行艺术创造的过程和规律，就成为“文学创作论”。 第四，文学作品本身就非常复杂，尽管通常说文学是语言的艺术，但是这种语言艺术包含着题材、形象、语言、结构、类型、风格等作品构成中的重要问题，而研究作品的构成因素及其相互关系，这就形成了“作品构成论”。 第五，作家创作出作品之后如果不能与读者见面，而是被束之高阁，那这部作品还不能称其为一部真正的文学作品，因为文学作品的基本审美价值并没有被体现出来。相反，文本一定要经过读者的阅读、鉴赏、批评，才能成为审美对象，成为一部真正意义上的作品，而研究读者的接受过程和规律，就成为了“文学接受论”。 一切文学作品都有源泉，这就是生活，即“世界”，生活要经过作家的艺术加工改造，才能创造出具有意义的文本，即“作品”。 3、简要回答理论的内涵，谈谈你对理论的看法 理论是跨学科的——是一种具有超出某一原始学科的作用的话语。 理论是分析和话语——它试图找出我们称为性，或者语言，或文字，或意义，或主体中包含了些什么。 .理论是对常识的批评，是对被认定为自然的观念的批评。 理论具有反射性，是关于思维的思维，我们用它向文学和其他话语实践中创造意义的范畴提出质疑。 4、思考对文学艺术双重性质的理解： 如何说明艺术中“基础”与“上层建筑”的关系，即作为生产的艺术与作为意识形态的艺
一、社会保险与商业保险的区别 （1）目的不同。社会保险是国家强制实行的以保证社会安全为目的的保险制度，不以营利为目的。商业保险是以营利为目的的企业经营活动。 （2）保障对象不同。社会保险是以劳动者及其供养的直系亲属为对象。商业保险是以全体国民为对象。 （3）权力与义务对等内涵不同。社会保险首先强调劳动者必须履行为社会贡献劳动的义务，并由此获得享受社会保险待遇的权利。商业人身保险强调投保人员所缴保险费的多少决定保险金的多少，权利和义务的对等表现为一种“多投多保，少投少保，不投不保”的等价交换关系。 （4）管理体制不同。社会保险由中央或地方政府集中领导，有社会保险专门机构负责组织管理，属于行政领导体制。商业保险机构——保险公司是自主经营的相对独立的经济实体，属于金融体制。 （5）保障水平不同。社会保险是以保障劳动者的基本生活需要为标准，保障水平要考虑劳动者原有生活水平和社会平均的消费水平，并随生产的发展不断提高。商业保险的保障水平完全以投保人所缴保险费的多少为标准，不考虑其他因素。 （6）立法范畴不同。社会保险是国家规定的劳动者享受的基本权利，属于劳动立法范畴。商业保险是企业的金融活动，合同双方权益受经济合同法保护，属于经济立法范畴。 二、社会保障制度产生的条件 1.经济条件：资本主义国家的工业革命。 2.社会基础：工人阶级长期斗争和争取的结果。 思想理论依据：（1）边沁的功利主义理论：社会是个人的总和，社会的职责就是让每个人都能自由地追求其个人利益，使社会的绝大多数人都能得到最大的幸福，从而实现公共利益最大化和全社会的稳定与繁荣。（2）庇古的福利经济学理论：收入均等化，即认为一个人的收入越多，货币收入的边际效用就越小；反之，收入越少，货币收入的边际效用就越大。（3）凯恩斯主义理论：提出通过国家干预、扩大公共福利支出和公共基础设施建设等措施来刺激需求增长，实现充分就业；建立累进税制和最低工资制等观点。 三、社会保障制度的建立 1.德国：世界上第一个建立社会保险制度的国家。俾斯麦，1883《疾病社会保险法》；1884,《工伤事故保险法》；1889《老年和残障社会保险法》。 2.英国：最早社会保障立法《济贫法》；1911《国民保险法》。 3.美国：1935罗斯福历史上第一部《社会保障法》。 四、社会保障制度的模式 1.“投保资助”型（传统型）：美国、德国、日本。以社会保险为主、社会保险基金的筹集以现收现付为主、权利与义务相对应、费用由多方承担、实行自治管理。 2.“福利国家”型（全民福利）：英国、瑞典（福利国家橱窗）。使公民普遍的享受福利，让国家担负起保障公民福利的职责。 3.“国家保险”型（国家保障）：苏联。受保人不缴纳任何保险费、社会保险待遇高、保险待遇不与缴费多少相关联，而与工龄挂钩、各级工会组织代表国家政权机构管理社会保险事宜。 4.“强制储蓄”型（强制自保）：新加坡（中央公积金制）、智利。通过国家立法，强制所有雇主、雇员依法按工资收入的一定比例向中央公积金局缴纳公积金，由中央公积金局加上每月应付的利息，一并计入每个公积金会员的账户，专户储存。
一、选择题1-10: B、C、A、C、C、A、D、B、B、A 1.泰国的社会保障机构特点为 ( ) A．由两个政府机构统管B．由一个政府机构统管 C．由政府和民间组织统管D．由群众和工会自发形成 2.结构性失业是指 ( ) A．摩擦性失业 B．周期性失业 C．技术性失业 D．季节性失业 3.以社会保险作为基本纲领的是 ( ) A．社会保障 B．社会福利 C．社会救助 D．社会优抚 4.我国对福利事业实行 ( ) A．以居委会为中心的责任制 B．以政府为中心的行政责任制 C．以承包为中心的责任制管理 D．以股东会为中心的股东负责制 5.社会保障的对象在总体上具有 ( ) A．差异性 B．区域性 C．普遍性 D．特殊性 6.我国社会基金的统一管理单位为 ( ) A．县级 B．镇级 C．市级 D．省级 7.我国农村养老保险的对象为 ( ) A．城镇户口，不由国家供应商品粮的人口采集者退散 B．非城镇户口，不由国家供应商品粮的人口 C．非城镇户口，由国家供应商品粮的特殊群体 D．非城镇户口，不由国家供应商品粮的农村人口 8.养老保险金的给付方法除薪金比例制外，还有 ( ) A．相对金额制 B．均一制 C．薪金对照制 D．浮动率制 9.现代社会救助的目标，在于 ( ) A．保障公民享有一般生活水平 B．保障公民享有最低生活水平 C．保障公民享有优越生活水平 D．保障公民享有较好生活水平 10.恩格尔定律是 ( ) A．食物支出与家庭收支成逆相关 B．食物支出与家庭收支成正相关 C．住房支出与家庭收支成逆相关 D．住房支出与家庭收支成正相关 二、填空题 1. 美国 2. 所有已婚生育子女的女性劳动者 3. 高社会保险费 4. 社会安定 5. 10 6. 30% 7. 部分积累式 8. 银行存款 9. 民政部门10. 社会保险 1.社会保障制度由政府机构，地方当局和非政府组织分工管理的国家是 ( ) 2.生育保险包括 ( ) 3.在用人单位投保费率较高的国家，促使企业家用机器代替工人劳动进行生产的一个重要因素为 ( ) 4.社会保障的目的是保障 ( ) 5.日本享受失业保险待遇必备的条件为一般被保险人必须在失业前一年里至少有
本章知识点 本章概述： 文艺学，是一门以文学为对象，以揭示文学基本规律，介绍相关知识为目的的学科。它包括三个分支，即文学理论、文学批评和文学史。这三个分支之间相互独立又相互联系与渗透。文学理论具有独特的研究对象和任务，具有鲜明的实践性和价值取向。文学研究的视角和方法的多样性使文学理论呈现出不同的形态：文学哲学、文学社会学、文学心理学、文学符号学、文学价值学、文学信息学和文学文化学等。 第一节文学理论的性质 本节概述： 文学理论的性质应从三个方面来解答：文学理论的学科归属、对象任务、应有的品格。目前，国内外文学理论界一般把文艺学区分为文学理论、文学批评和文学史三个分支，这三个分支在研究的范围、对象、任务、功能上都有所不同。文学理论的任务一般规定为五个方面：即文学活动论、文学活动本质论、文学创作论、文学作品构成论和文学接受论。文学理论应有的品格包括它的实践性和它为人民、为社会主义服务的方向。 知识点1:文学理论的学科归属 20世纪以来，各门科学得到迅速的发展，分工更具体、明确，不能不影响到文学学科的发展；再加之文学实践的需要，文学研究视角、方法的多样化及其成熟，文艺学终于形成了若干相互独立又相互联系的分支，而严格意义上的文学理论才作为文艺学的一个独立分支得以成立。 目前，国内外文学理论界一般把文艺学分为文学理论、文学批评和文学史三个分支，这三个分支在研究的范围、对象、任务、功能上都有所不同。 文艺学所包括的三个分支虽然各有其独特的研究范围、对象、任务和功能，但又是互相联系、互相渗透、互相作用的，并不是截然分开的。文学理论要以文学史所提供的大量材料和文学批评实践所取得的成果为基础。如果文学理论不根植于具体文学作品的分析和文学发展历史的研究，
一、单选题 1. The thief took away the woman's wallet without____________. A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him 正确答案:A 2.He thought that ____________. A. the effort doing the job was not worth B. the effort was not worth in doing the job C. it was not worth the effort doing the job D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job 正确答案:C 3. No sooner____________to bed than he heard a knock at the door. A. had he gone B. he had gone C. did he go D. he went 正确答案:A 4.He could do nothing but____________for the bus____________. A. wait ... to come B. wait ... come C. waiting ... coming D. waited ... came 正确答案:A 5.This new clue _______ the policemen and they were more confused by the murder. A.puzzled B.surprised C. trapped D.discouraged 正确答案:A 6. —It's cold in here. Do you mind if I close the door? —_______. A. With pleasure B. Yes, please C. Of course not D. Thank you
《社会保障概论》 期末考试试卷 考生注意：1。本试卷满分100分。 ２。考试时间9０分钟。 3.卷面整洁，字迹工整。 一、单项选择题（本大题共3０小题，每小题2分，共60分） 1、在知识经济条件下,社会得主要劳动形式就是( ) Ａ、体力劳动 B、脑力劳动?C、简单劳动 D、复杂劳动 ２、在前资本主义社会,社会劳动得主要形式就是（ ) A、简单劳动 B、复杂劳动 C、个体劳动Ｄ、共同劳动 ３、在劳动力市场体系中，劳动力市场运行得反馈系统就是（ ) A、企业管理系统 B、市场管理系统 C、国家调控系统 D、信息传递系统 4、在计划经济时代,我国在劳动力资源配置上实行得就业政策就是（ ) A、多渠道就业制 B、统包统配制 C、自主就业制 D、市场就业制?5、当前，我国政府在扩大就业方面制定政策得主要方向就是发展（ )?A、第一产业 B、第二产业?C、第三产业 D、第四产业?６、目前，我国城 乡结构调整得突破口就是( ) A、发展第三产业 B、扶持中小企业 C、鼓励非正规就业Ｄ、加速城镇化 7、劳动者在一定生产技术条件与合理组织劳动得基础上,完成某项工作消耗劳动量得标准，称为（）?Ａ、劳动定额Ｂ、工时定额 C、产量定额Ｄ、人员定额 8、在每一专业或者工种内部按照业务能力与技术水平高低进行得分工,称为（） Ａ、职能分工 B、专业分工 C、技术分工Ｄ、社会分工?9、在劳动分工与协作中起着双重得量得规定性作用得就是（） A、劳动定额 B、劳动定员? C、劳动定时 D、劳动定岗? 10、我国在20世纪5０年代建立得等级工资制,基本上属于( )?A、绩效工资制度 B、能力工资制度?C、资历工资制度 D、岗位工资制度 １1、通常在企业管理中制定合理得工资制度与政策，并进行有效实施得活动称为（） Ａ、工资管理 B、工资理论?C、工资制度 D、工资级差 １2、在我国,工资总额得统计时间一般以(） A、日为单位 B、月为单位?Ｃ、季为单位Ｄ、年为单位? 13、劳动关系被劳动法律规范所调整而形成得权利与义务关系就是（）?A、劳动法律关系 B、劳动经济关系?Ｃ、劳动生产关系 D、劳动工资关系 14、劳动合同以合同期限为标准进行分类,一般可分为( )?A、1类 B、2类?C、３类Ｄ、4类15、劳动合同得试用期，一般不超过（） A、4个月 B、5个月?Ｃ、６个月Ｄ、7个月? 16、社会保障就是保障公民得（ ) Ａ、优越生活水平Ｂ、较高生活水平 Ｃ、平均生活水平Ｄ、基本生活水平 17、在我国,属于社会保障体系最低层次得项目就是（) A、社会救助 B、社会福利? C、社会保险 D、社会优抚 l8、下列选项中，需要个人提出申请,有关机构审核、确定标准得项目就是( )?A、社会救助Ｂ、社会福利?C、社会保险 D、社会优抚?1９、我国规定领取基本养老保险金得起始年龄为( ）?A、男职工５５周岁、女工人50周岁?B、男职工60周岁、女工人50周岁 C、男职工６5周岁、女工人55周岁? D、男职工65周岁、女工人60周岁 2０、社会保险待遇申请得审核机构就是( )?A、用人单位 B、用人单位行业机构?C、司法部门Ｄ、劳动保障行政部门 21、我国社会保障管理涉及三方面得内容,即行政管理、业务管理与( ）?A、司法管理 B、监督管理?Ｃ、人事管理 D、商业管理?2２、社会保险中最重要得险种就是（）?A、养老保险 B、医疗保险?C、失业保险 D、生育保险 23、按照国家对基本养老保险制度得总体思路,未来基本养老保险目标替代率大约为( ） Ａ、40％ B、5０%?C、6０％ D、70％? 24、下列选项中，属于多层次养老保险体系得第三层次得就是（ )?A、基本养老保险 B、企业补充养老保险?C、企业年金 D、个人储蓄性养老保险?２5、一般来说,恩格尔系数在４0%～50％之间被认为就是（ ) A、勉强度日 B、小康水平?Ｃ、富裕 D、最富裕?２6、下列选项中，属于社会救助特征得就是( ) A、义务得单向性Ｂ、基金得有偿性 C、手段得单一性 D、目标得高层次性? 27、按照国际惯例，衡量贫困状况得标准一般就是（ ) Ａ、恩格尔系数 B、国际贫困标准?C、基尼系数 D、最低生活保障线 ２8、我国实行社会统筹与个人账户相结合得养老保险模式得时间就是（）?A、1995年 B、19９６年?C、１９97年 D、１998年 ２9、企业职工退休后按月领取基本养老金得条件就是,其养老保险必须缴费满（） Ａ、1０年 B、15年 C、20年 D、3０年 30、我国政府开始进行完善基本养老保险制度改革试点得时间就是（ ) A、1997年 B、199９年?Ｃ、20０1年 D 、2003年 二、名词解释题(本大题共2小题,每小题5分，共10分） 1、工资理论： ２、社会保障基金： 三、简答题(本大题共２小题，每小题１0分,共30分）?１、一个完善得劳动力市场体系得构成内容. ２、我国社会保障制度改革得指导思想. 四、论述题（本大题共１小题，共１０分） 试论述面对严峻得就业形势,我国实施以人为本、以人力资源开发为中心得发展战略得原因。 社会保障概论期末考试答案 一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分)?在每小题列出得四个备选项中只有一个就是符合题目要求得，请将其代码填写在题后得括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。?1、在知识经济条件下，社会得主要劳动形式就是（B ) A、体力劳动 B、脑力劳动 C、简单劳动 D、复杂劳动?２、在前资本主义社会，社会劳动得主要形式就是（Ｃ ) A、简单劳动Ｂ、复杂劳动?Ｃ、个体劳动Ｄ、共同劳动
社保概论复习 一、名词解释： 1.医疗保险：专指社会医疗保险，它是由国家立法规范并运用了强制手段，向法定范围的劳动者及其社会成员提供必要的疾病医疗服务和经济补偿的一种社会化保险机制。 2、失业：广义上，劳动者与生查资料相分离的状态，劳动者的主观能动性和潜能无法发挥。 3.社会保险：以政府为主体，以法律为基础，在权利与义务一致性原则下，通过政府企业劳动这个人的共同筹资，为劳动者个人及其家庭提供经济收入补偿，使其能够在年老、疾病、伤残、生育死亡失业等风险造成的社会生活问题面前仍然能够维持基本生活，以保证社会安定与持续发展的社会互助制度。 4、社会保障：是为保障民生以及促进社会进步，由国家和社会以立法为依据出面举办，由政府机关和社会团体组织实施，对因各种经济和社会风险事故而陷入困境的人群以及有物质和精神需求的全体公民提供的、福利性的物质援助和专业服务的制度和事业的总称。 5、社会救济：又称为社会救助，是国家通过国民收入的再分配，对那些因自然、经济、社会、个人生理和心理等原因而造成生活困难，以至无法维持最低生活水平的社会成员给予物质帮助，以保障其最低生活水平的一种社会保障制度。 6、社会福利：国家以及各种社会团体通过各种公共福利设施、津贴、补助、社会服务，以及举办各种集体福利事业来增进群体福利，以提高社会成员生活水平和质量的一种社会保障模式。 7、城市最低生活保障制度：是指持有非农业户口的城市居民，凡共同生活的家庭成员人均收入低于当地城市居民最低生活保障标准的，均有权力从当地人民政府获得基本生活物质帮助，使其生活水平达到最低生活保障标准的社会救助制度。 二、简答论述 1、新剑桥学派主张的收入分配调节政策：实行累进的税收制度改变社会各阶层收入分配不均等的状况；实行高额的遗产税和增值税；政府拨款对失业者培训；制定适应经济稳定增长的财政政策；进出口管理；政府用财政预算盈余购买私人公司的股票。 2、社保章法的特征：国家干预法的特征明显；强制性与给付型；具有实体法和程序法的统一性；富有广泛的社会性；据有特定的立法技术；保障内容的低保性。 3、国外社保管理体制对我国的借鉴意义：应结合本国国情；坚持集中统一和分散管理相结合；搞好各向社保基金管理。 4、福利国家面临的困境和危机：社保支出增长过快；巨额社保费用造成财政赤字不断增加；雇主和劳动者的负担不断增加；管理不善、效率低下。 5、社会保险基金功能：稳定社会的减震器——保证劳动力在生产；调节收入差距；促进经济发展；促进社会文明发展。 6、英国社会福利制度的内容：涉及社会保险、社会救助、福利津贴、社会服务、医疗保健等方向。 特征：实施范围的全民性、具体内容的全面性；资金筹集的先收现付制度；政策操作上的劫贫济富与多缴多得相结合；个人账户仅作为能够享受条件的资格条件。 7、香港社保制度的内容：（1）社会救助：公共援助、特殊社保援助、失业津贴与长期服务金（2）社会福利：主要包裹儿童福利、家庭福利、伤残、弱能康复服务、老人服务、青少年服务、妇女服务、罪犯感化、住房服务、医疗卫生服务。（3）公务员保障：公务员津贴制度、公务员福利制度、退休抚恤制度。（4）雇主责任制：香港实行强制性的雇主责任保险、疾病保险、工伤保险和生育保险。（5）强基金制度：凡是年满十八周岁以上、六十五周岁以下的从业人员，受雇于同一雇主满六十天都必须参加强基金制度。
《文学理论教程》童庆炳要点 第一编导论 第一章文学理论的性质和形态 1.研究文学及其规律的学科统称为文艺学。本从俄文翻译而来，其正确名称为文学学，后传为文艺学。 2.文学理论的性质： 学科归属（文艺学的三个分支之一：文学理论，文学批评，文学史） 对象（世界，作品，作家，读者（艾布拉姆斯《镜与灯一一浪漫主义文论及批评传统》）； 任务：文学活动发展论，文学活动本质论，文学创作论，作品构成论，文学接受论。 文学活动的结构和发展关系规定了文学理论的任务和学科品格（实践性和价值取向（民主的，科学的，现代的）） 3.文学理论有哪几种基本形态？其划分的依据是什么？ 基本形态：文学哲学，社会学，心理学，符号学，价值学，信息学，文化学。 依据：文学哲学，是从哲学角度对文学的阐述和解释。它的特点是从哲学的高度对文学是什么作出总体解释。 文学社会学，是从社会和历史的角度研究文学与社会整体关系的新兴的交叉学科。属于文艺社会学的一个分支。它的基本特征为对文学与社会作多维研究，从而阐明文的发生、发展及其变化更新的基本规律。 文学心理学。从心理学角度研究文学现象及其规律的学科。是介于文学学与心理学之间的边缘交叉学科。它着力探讨文学活 动中作为主体的人的心理结构，可以更深入地揭示人类文学活动的内在规律，揭示人类作为文学创作主体与鉴赏主体的心理奥秘， 从而提高文学创作主体和文学鉴赏主体的审美心理素质，具有重要意义。 文学信息学，是以信息的文学加工，文学信息的形态，文学信息的功能，文学信息的传播、处理和利用等为研究对象的一门新兴边缘学科。 文学价值学，是对文学进行价值论研究的理论。价值是客体对于主体的有用性，是一种效用关系。文学价值论把文学视为主体为了满足特殊需要而有目的的创造精神价值的活动。 文学文化学是从文化的角度对文学研究的理论。文学文化学是一个综合各种理论、方法，从各个具体不同视角宏观研究文学， 从广度与深度对文学研究的理论。 文学符号学是在符号学理论的基础上出现的，是运用符号理论对文化的研究。 文学接受学则突破传统的文艺批评模式，将视角探入文学阐释学、接受美学、作者与读者之间的交流活动的特征和规律。 第二章马克思主义文学理论与中国当代文学理论建设 1.建设中国当代文学理论应注意几个方面的问题？ 一:（1 ）以马克思主义作为理论指导。即以马克思主义的世界观和方法论作为指导。（2）以马恩创立的，列毛和一些学者丰富发 展了的马克思文学理论为指导。 二：中国特色。以中国特有的历史文化和现实经验为土壤去移植马克思主义文学理论。必须吸收中国传统的文学理论遗产，寻求马克思主义文学理论与中国传统文学理论的结合点。 三：必须在研究中国当代文学发展情况的基础上，概括当代文学实践的新经验，回答当代社会主义文学运动提出的新问题。面对20世纪西方文论的挑战。 总之：在马克思主义的指导下，密切结合中国独特的历史文化，现实经验，充分借鉴传统文学理论的精华，敢于面对当代文学发展的复杂事实，敢于面对20世纪西方文论的挑战，敢于采用一些新方法，具有中国特色的当代形态的文学理论就一定能健康建立并发展起来。 2.关于文学活动及其构成 1、四要素构成：世界，作品，作家，读者。该四要素在文学活动中形成相互渗透，相互依存，相互作用的整体关系。 （列举几种文学原始发生的学说？）包括巫术发生说（P37）、宗教发生说（P38）、模仿说（P39补充）、游戏发生说（P39）以及 劳动说。 2、劳动说具体阐述：马克思主义认为，文学起源于人的生产劳动。主要有以下几个原因。首先，劳动提供了文学活动的提前条 件。这是因为人通过劳动既锻炼了大脑，又在劳动中解放了前肢，同时在劳动中创造出具有丰富表意功能的语言系统。其次，劳动产生了文学活动的需要。人在集体劳作过程中，为了传递信息、协调行动，产生了最初的文学。如鲁迅把这样的产生过程称为 “杭育杭育派”。再次，劳动构成了文学描写的主要内容。如远古诗歌《弹歌》就为：“断竹，续竹，飞土，逐宍。”生动地描写 了制作武器去狩猎的过程。最后，劳动制约了早期文学的形式。早期文艺是诗、乐和舞三位一体的结合体，它和劳动过程直接相 关。狩猎动作衍化为舞蹈，劳动号子与呼喊发展为诗歌，劳动动作的声音和节奏，形成了最初的音乐。因此，劳动制约了早期的文学形式。无论是“巫术说”、“宗教说”还是“游戏说”，本质上都是原始人的劳动，都可以归结到“劳动说”上。 文学活动的发展：物质生产是文学发展的决定因素。政治，道德，哲学，宗教关念等是影响因素。 3、生活活动的美学意义是什么？）马克思主义指出，动物与人创造能力的差别在于动物只能依据生物本能来创造，而人的创造则 是依靠自己的头脑思考。更具这一论述，我们可以从三个方面说明生活活动的美学意义。1生活活动导致人与对象之间的诗意情 感关系：人的生活活动的美学意义在于，人作为与自然相对的一方，其感觉与对象保持一种自由的关系。人感觉事物的角度是多样的。如《诗经》中的《硕鼠》表达了人对老鼠的厌恶，比以此引申为恶人。而秦观词：“梦破鼠窥灯，霜送晓寒侵被”中的老鼠，又作为艺术作品中的可爱小生灵了。人的感觉不当可以同对象发生功利的、伦理的和道德的关系，而且还可以发展成为一种诗意情感的关系。只有人才
文学理论期末考复习 1、生活活动对文学活动的意义 人的生活活动是文学活动的前提。人的创造是依靠自己头脑的思考，在创造过程开始之前就已考虑到了自己创造的结果。从以下三个方面来说明人的生活活动对文学活动的美学意义。 ①生活活动导致人与对象之间的诗意情感关系。 “对象”指客体，“诗意情感”是指诗化客体。美是人的本质力量的对象化，对象化是指外化，呈现，形式化。人的生活活动的美学意义在于，人作为与自然相对的一方，其感觉可以和对象保持一种自由的关系，这样才能生发出诗化的关系，而不像动物的生命活动完全从属于自然。在生活活动的过程中，人可以根据自身所处的条件自由地选取感觉事物的角度，人感觉事物的角度又是多样化的，人的生活活动除了经济技术和革命实践意义之外，就是审美创造意义。 ②生活活动导致人的自觉能动的文学创造。 “自觉”在哲学意义上自己能够意识到自己的存在，“能动”指能通过自己的力量去改变。人的生活活动是合目的性与合规律性的统一。“合目的性”是指人的活动是有意识、有目的、有计划、根据一定的需要而设计的，“合规律性”是指人的生活活动不是主观随意的，而是合乎或遵循一定规律的。文学作为人的一种活动形态，它不是被动的消极的，而是一种合目的性和合规律性的自觉能动的创造，在这种创造中，可以达到感性与理性的统一，也就是达到全面地表现人的本质特性。 ③生活活动使文学成为人的本质力量的确证。 人的生活活动是对人“本质力量的确认”。人的生活活动作为对人的本质
力量的确认，实际上是审美产生的基础。在审美活动中，人在直观的层次上是审“对象”，而在深蕴的层次上，却是通过对象来审“自己”。只有在先在的本质力量对象化的过程中，才能实现“审己”。同时，文学活动作为一种审美活动，也是人的本质力量的确认。通过创造和欣赏文学，人的本质力量可以尽情展现出来，使人更深切地体会到自身存在的价值。 2、模仿论和表现论有什么区别。 ①在文学本质论上突出作者的决定作用。模仿论认定文学是世界的 反映，表现论则认定文学是作者心灵的表现，英国浪漫诗人华兹 华斯曾说：“诗是强烈情感的自我流露。” ②表现论强调作者对作品意义的生成作用。模仿论虽不否认这一 点，但更强调了解作品所描写的世界和写作背景，因而看重考据 式的批评。 ③表现论不强调文学创作应遵循的客观规律，而是将文学创作同科 学研究等活动对立起来，高扬“文学天才”的作用。 3、劳动在文学发生中的意义。 ①劳动提供了文学活动的前提条件：人类的生产活动是一切其他基 本活动的前提，这一方面在于人要满足基本生存需要后才能从事 其他活动，另一方面在于人就是在这种生产活动中生成的。 ②劳动产生了文学活动的需要。人的活动都伴随着一个自觉的目 的，而这一目的又是源于某种需要而设定的。如，史前人类在集 体进行的劳动中，为了协调行动，交流情感与信息，减轻疲劳等，就由这些需要产生了语言和最初的文学。 ③劳动构成了文学描写的主要内容。远古时代遗存的作品中大都描
一、单选题(共 50 道试题，共 100 分。) 1. If you____________quiet, I'll tell you what happened. A. be B. are to be C. are D. will be 2. No sooner____________to bed than he heard a knock at the door. A. had he gone B. he had gone C. did he go D. he went 3. I found ___ to answer all the questions within the time given. A. no possibility B. there was impossibility C. impossible D. it impossible 4. He thought that ____________. A. the effort doing the job was not worth B. the effort was not worth in doing the job C. it was not worth the effort doing the job D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job 5. Silk _______ by Chinese for thousands of years now. A. has used B. has been used
C. was used D. is used 6. —It's cold in here. Do you mind if I close the door? —_______. A. With pleasure B. Yes, please C. Of course not D. Thank you 7. After a number of disagreements with the committee, the chairman decided to_____. A. withdraw B. resign C. retire D. retreat 8. Four hours______ too long for him to write the letter. A. has B. are C. is D. have 9. That factory ____________ nearly 50 years ago. A. has been built B. had built C. was built D. has built 10. What kind of events are you good ____? A. at
全国2016年自学考试社会保障概论必考试题和答案 课程代码：00071 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的。请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.社会福利制度是( D )1-5 A.低水平的社会保障 B.盈利性制度 C.保障劳动者的制度 D.保障全体社会成员 2.商业保险的实施方式是( D )6-153 A.公民强制参加 B.统一费率 C.统一投保年限 D.契约生效时，保险公司才履行保险责任 3.我国社会救助不予 ．．救助的对象是( C )7-201 A.城市流浪人员 B.灾民 C.伤残军人 D.孤儿 4.以下关于工伤保险说法正确的是( B )4-88 A.工伤保险自愿实施 B.劳动者不需缴纳保险费 C.工伤保险不保障职业病 D.因工和非因工负伤给付相同 5.有社会工资美称的制度是( B )1-35 A.社会救助 B.社会福利 C.社会保险 D.社会优抚 6.社会保险基金投资与一般投资的不同 ．．之处是( C )10-276 A.追求经济效益 B.追求社会效益 C.兼顾经济效益和社会效益 D.投资收益征收所得税 7.一般来说，疾病现金给付的标准为( A )5-124 A.被保险人平均工资的50％—75％ B.被保险人平均工资的70％—85％ C.被保险人平均工资的85％—95％ D.被保险人平均工资的100％ 8.以下关于我国失业保险说法正确的是( C )3-70 A.企业的失业保险缴费不允许税前列支 B.财政不向失业保险拨款 C.可以统筹调剂使用失业保险基金 D.对失业保险基金及管理费征税 9.根据我国工伤保险的规定，不能 ．．认定为工伤的是( D )4-87 A.在工作中，因从事工作性质特殊患职业病 B.在工作区域内，遭受意外伤害伤残 C.乘车外出执行公务，遭遇交通事故伤残 D.企业组织员工旅游，途中摔伤、致残
社会保障概论知识点整理 题型：1、单项选择（10）2、多项选择（20）3、简答4、名词解释5论述（五根支柱） 1、社会保障 （1）定义:社会保障是以政府为责任主体，依据法律规定，通过国民收入再分配，对 暂时或永久失去劳动能力以及由于各种原因而生活发生困难的国民给予物质帮助，保障期基本生活的制度。 （2）功能: ①人民生活的安全网 ②经济发张的助推器 ③社会矛盾的调节器 ④社会政治的稳定剂 社会保障的基本体系结构：社会保险，社会救助，社会福利 2、社会保险：（社会保险是社会保障体系的核心部分一一人口中最多、最重要的部分） （1）含义:就是以国家为责任主体，对有工资收入的劳动者在暂时或永久丧失劳动能 力，或虽有劳动能力却因失去工作丧失生活来源的情况下，通过立法手段，运用社会 力量，给予一定程度的收入损失补偿，保证其基本生活的制度。 （2）特点：强制性，互济性，储备性，补偿性 一个显著的特点是：它是一种缴费制的社会保障，它实行权利与义务相关 的原则，必须尽到缴纳保险费的义务，才有享受收入补偿的权利。 （3）内容: A 、老年社会保险 D 、工伤社会保险 B 、医疗社会保险E、生育社会保险 C 、失业社会保险 F 、残障社会保险G 、死亡社会保险 3、社会救助:| （保障社会安全的“最后一道防线”） （1）含义:是依据法律规定，政府和社会对因自然灾害或其他原因而无法维持最低生活水平的无收入和低收入的个人或家庭给予帮助，满足其生存需要的制度。 （2）对象: ①无劳动能力、无人赡养、完全没有生活来源的人 ②有劳动能力，也有收入，但因意外灾害降临，遭受重大财产损失、人身损伤，一时生活 困难的人 ③有收入来源，但生活水平低于国家法定最低标准的个人和家庭。 （3）内容：贫困救济，灾害救济 4、社会福利:| （1）含义:指政府和社会组织通过建立文化、教育、卫生等设施，免费或优惠提供服务，以及以实物发放、货币补贴等形式，向全体社会成员或特定人群给予帮助，以保证和改善其物质文化 生活的制度。 （2）类型:公共福利事业，特别的、专门性的福利事业，局部性或选择性的福利措施，上述三种类容的综合。 （3）内容:未成年人福利，老人福利，残疾人福利，劳动者福利 （4）形式:货币形式，服务形式，实物形式 5、商业保险和社会保险的区别— 1）目的不同，前者是国家强制实行的以保障人民群众基本生活需要、实现社会安全为目的的社会保障制度，后者是以营利为目的的企业性组织按照自愿投保原则经营的。 2）保险对象不同，社会保险的对象是在国家法令规定范围内有工资收入的劳动者，商业保险的对象是全体