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英语国家概况课后题

英语国家概况课后题
英语国家概况课后题

英语国家概况

P17

1.Britain is now a multiracial society which produces a population of

which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.

2.Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was

invaded by the Roman Empire in the 11th century they suffered invasions from Normans.

3.Charles the first, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted

to overthrow parliament in the English Revolution.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/13390554.html, two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally

respected universities: Edinburgh and Glasgow.

5.Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of

parliaments to the London Parliament and each holds 72 and 38 seats respectively.

P47

6.The doctrine of the “divine right of kings”held that the sovereign

derived his authority from God not from his subjects.

7.During the civil war in the 17th century, those who represented the

interests of Parliament aare called roundheads, and those who supported the King were called loyalists.

8.In 1215, some feudal barons and the Church forced King John to sign

the Magna Carta to place some limits on the King’s power.

9.In medical times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and

representatives of countries, towns and cities—called the Great Council to raise money.

10.I n 1689, Parliament passed the Bill of Rights to ensure that the king

would never be able to ignore Parliament.

11.I n Britain, the official head of state is the Queen while the real centre

of political life is in the House of Commons.

12.S trictly speaking, the Parliament today consist of the Queen, the

House of Lords and the House of Commons.

13.L ife peers should be nominated by Prime minister and appointed by

the sovereign.

P67

14.T he UK is divided into 650constituencies with each of them

represented by a member in the parliament.

15.T he party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms the

government and its party leader becomes the Prime Minister.

16.N ormally, a government can be in power for 5 years, and then it has

resign and hold a general election.

17.N ational Health Service was established by the Labour government in

1948, providing health care for all the people.

18.O ne distinctive feature about the class system in British is that it still

retains a hereditary aristocracy.

P117

19.T wo famous public schools mentioned in the text are Eton and

Winchester.

20.C hildren in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the

age of five to sixteen.

21.P upils from the age of 5 to11mainly attend state-run primary

schools.

22.S tudents attend secondary schools from the age of 11 up to around

the age of 19.

23.C omprehensive schools provide a general education, teaching

students everything from academic subjects like literature and science to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.

24.N ame two of the four Scottish Universities dating from the 14th and

15th centuries St. Andrews and Glasgow.

25.I n Britain, people can go to the Open University without having any

formal educational qualifications.

26.G CSE stands for General Certificate of secondary Education

27.G CEA stands for General Certificate of Education-Advanced

28.G NVQs stands for General National Vocational Qualifications

名词解释

1.The Anglo-Saxons

They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in

England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of th English and the founders of England.

2.The Bill of Rights of 1689

In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of parliament. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.

3.The Constitution

Britain has no written Constitution. The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions.

4.The functions of Parliament

The function of Parliament are: to pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major of the day.

5.The House of Lords

The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of the England; and the Lords Temporl, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The Lords mainly represented themselves instead of

the interests of the public.

6.The House of Commons

The House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/13390554.html,prehensive schools

Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking.

8.Grammar schools

It is a type of secondary schools in Britain .Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called “the 1-plus”.

Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.

9.Independent schools

Independent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive thir funding through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance.

Independent schools are not part of national education systm, but the quality of institution and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools. These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.

10.T he Open University

The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It’s open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualification as the other universities.

Universities courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, videos and a net work of study centers. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.

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英语国家概况

英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island:England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。首府:爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府:贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年,至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置: Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部,与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地,东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).

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英语国家概况总结资料全

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