Passage 3-01
Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. By1100 hrs, for 3rd shift (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day.
Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours 1100 to 1200 hrs and 1830 to 1930 hrs. unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours.
劳工应责令0900小时第二轮班同一天（1500至2300年时）小时和1300第一班的第二天（0700至1500小时）小时。 By1100小时，第三转变同一天（2300至0500小时）。
在正常情况下，没有工作是执行在用膳时间1100至1200年和1830年至1930年小时小时。除非该船舶被列为重点船舶或者其代理人的订单时，才会在用餐时间的工作。
C 001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by
________ .如果你想在这个港同日第三班劳动，顺序应该是在…
A. any time任意时间
B. 0900 hours
C. 1100 hours
D. 1300 hours
B 002.________is performed during meal hours under usual circumstances.
正常情况下，…会被安排在用餐时间工作
A. Cargo work货物装卸
B. No cargo work不进行货物装卸
C. Ordering work by Agent代理所下的订单工作
D. loading and discharging 装卸
A 003. Loading and discharging can be performed during meal hours _____
A. if the ship is classified as a key vessel 该船为重要船只
B. if agent orders work beforehand 代理预先有所要求
C. under normal circumstances 在正常情况下
D. either A or B A或者B
C 004. What does the word “key” mean ________?
A. laden满载的
B. small小的
C. pivotal重要的
D. big大的
Passage 3-02
Before arrival in the United Kingdom, the master will have informed his owners or agents of the approximate time of the vessel's arrival at the pilot station for the port of destination. The vessel should be flying her ensign and also her signal letters and the requisite pilot signal when approaching the pilot station. The international signals, as well as any local port signals, can be found in the Sailing Directions, which is also known as the "Pilot Book"
When a pilot is required most ports now require due notice of the vessel's ETA to be sent in by radio. However, this does not relieve the ship's obligation to display the pilot signal ("G" by any of the methods of signaling ) until the pilot is aboard when "H" flag will be flown. If the master or first mate of the vessel has a pilotage certificate for the district then the above is unnecessary, in such case the pilot flag (white and red horizontal halves, as on the pilot vessel) will be flown.
在到达英国之前，船长会在引航站通知他的业主或代理到达目的港的大致时间。船舶应该在靠近引航站时升起船旗和她的信号字以及必要的控制信号。国际信号，以及本地港口的任何信号，都可以在航路指南也叫做水路指南的书中找到。大多数港口现在需要引航员通过无线电适时通知其船只的预计到达时间。但是，只有当引航员在甲板上升起H旗才算是免除船舶显示控制信号的义务（“G“的通过对信号的方法之一）。如果该船只的船长或大副有一个该区的引航证，则不需要进行上述行为。在这种情况下，将需升起引航旗。
B 005. While the pilot is on ship, ________should be displayed on the top of the ship mast.
当引航员在船上，…需要展示在船桅顶端
(1) "G" flag G旗(2) "H" flag H旗
A. only (1) 只有（1）
B. only (2) 只有（2）
C. both (1) and (2) （1）以及（2）
D. (1) plus (2) （1）加上（2）
A 006. What's the meaning of the "ETA"________ ETA的意思是….
A. Estimated time of Arrival 预计到达时间
B. Expected time of Arrival 期望到达时间
C. Both A and B A和B
D. Neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B
A 007. Which statement under below is correct________ 下列描述哪个是正确的….
A.The Sailing Directions Book is as same as Pilot Book
Sailing directions book和pilot book一样
B.The Sailing Directions Book and the Pilot Book are different books
Sailing directions book 和pilot book 是不同的书
C.The Pilot Book is a part of the Sailing Directions Book
Pilot book 是sailing directions book的一部分
D. The Sailing Directions Book contains the Pilot Book
Sailing directions book 包括pilot book
A 008. Before arrival in the United Kingdom, the master should inform ___to his owner or agents
在到达英国前，船长需通知他的业主或者代理人…
A. ETA 预计到达时间
B. ETD预定出发时间
C. GMT 格林威治标准时间
D. LT长吨
Passage 3-03
The basic concept of the GMDSS is that on-shore Search and Rescue authorities, in addition to shipping in the immediate vicinity of a ship in distress, will be alerted rapidly to an incident so that they can assist in co-ordinating a search and rescue operation with the minimum of delay.
The system will also provide for urgency and safety communications, and the dissemination of Maritime Safety Information (MSI) including Navigational Warnings and Weather Messages.
GMDSS applies to all ships of 300 G.R.T. or larger, to all passenger ships and all ships on international voyages, which are subject to the SOLAS Convention 1974, as amended 1988.
GMDSS has been adopted by the IMO.
“全球遇险与海上安全系统”的基本概念是，岸上搜救权利，另外，在一个遇险船舶附近紧急停靠，并迅速得到事件的信息，以便他们能够协助搜索和救援操作从而将延误时间减至最短。该系统还将提供紧急和安全通信，以及海上安全信息（MSI），包括航行警告和气象信息的传播。GMDSS的适用于所有300 G.R.T.或更大的船舶，以及所有隶属1974年国际海上人命安全公约（1988年经修正）的客船和国际旅游航线。GMDSS的已通过国际海事组织的批准。
A 009. What's the meaning of the SOLAS __.SOLAS指的是…
A. International Regulations for Preventing Collision At Sea.《国际海上避碰规则公约》
B. International Convention for the Safety of Life At Sea 国际海上人命安全公约
C. Salvage Operations of Life At Sea 海上生命救助作业
D. All above are wrong 以上选项均不正确
B 010. The "G.R.T." refers to ________ G.R.T.指的是….
A. Gross Register Tonnage
B. Gross Registered Tonnage 正确答案
C. Gross Tonnage
D. Gross River Tonnage
A 011. GMDSS applies to ________ . GMDSS适用于….
A. all ships of 300 G.R.T. and over 300 G.R.T.300总吨及以上的所有船只
B. all passenger ships 所有客船
C. all ships on international route 所有国际航线
D. all above are correct 以上选项均正确
C 012. The full name of GMDSS is ________ .GMDSS的全称是…
A. Global Maritime Distress Satellite System
B. Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 正确答案
C. Global Marine Distress Satellite System
D. Global Marine Distress and Safety System
Passage 3-04
The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft direction. This force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern.
The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower blades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ship's stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and can be corrected by the rudder. When the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.
螺旋桨的轴向推力是作用在在船头和船尾方向的推动力。这种力量使船得以在水中前进或后退。因为其形状，船舶在水中向前迈进更易于后退。
横向推力是螺旋桨旋转时产生的横向力。螺旋桨顶部水面附近的叶片所产生的横向效应并未强大到足以抵消螺旋桨下面叶片产生的反效果。当船向正前方行驶中，对于向右旋转的螺旋桨，这使船的船尾向右舷倾斜，船头向左。该影响很小，是可以由舵来纠正的。当发动机放在船尾，效果是相反的，船尾向左倾斜。这种效果是强大而不可轻易予以纠正。若船舶使用向左旋转的螺旋桨，其表现则正好相反。
A 013.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as________. ...是
使船在水中前进或后退的动力。
A. axial thrust 轴向推力
B. transverse thrust 横向推力
C. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water
螺旋桨顶端靠近水面的叶片产生的横向作用
D. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water
螺旋桨底部靠近水底的叶片产生的横向作用
B 014.A left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahead，will cant ship's stern to________.向左旋转的螺旋桨，当船只前进时，会使船尾…
A. starboard 右舷
B. port 左转
C. to move ahead 前进
D. move astern后退
A 015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is________. 当船只…时螺旋桨的横向推力会更大。
A. going a stern 向船尾移动
B. going ahead 前进
C. stopped 停止
D. making no way through the water 在水中无法做到
A 016.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by ________.横向的螺旋桨推力主要可以靠…来克服
A. the rudder 船舵
B. the propeller itself 螺旋桨本身
C. the nautical instrument 航海仪器
D. wind and tide 风和潮汐
Passage 3-05
The task of a helmsman is to steer the ship precisely according to the instructions of the officer of the watch. On passage, these instructions take the form of a course to be held, regardless of wind, sea or other sources of deviation.
At other times, the instructions will call for the ship to be turned to port or starboard, or to be prevented from turning, or to be lined up on a particular heading.
A good helmsman uses the least rudder deflection to maintain a steady course. He must learn quickly at the beginning of each trick whether the ship is carrying port or starboard helm.
Most ships now set and steer courses in degrees on the full scale of 0-360degrees. This system replaces the traditional use of the compass scale divided into cardinals and points. Nevertheless, every seaman and navigator must be familiar with the older system, since the necessary for obtaining certain qualifications (e.g. the Certificate of Efficiency as lifeboatmen); points are also used for indication wind direction.
一个舵手的任务是根据值班驾驶员的指示操作船舵。航行中，这些指令都需要通过一个过程来进行，无论风，海水或其他产生偏差的原因。在其他时候，指令要求船舶左转或右转，或防止转弯，或在特定的朝向直线前进。
一个好的舵手，使用最少的方向舵偏转，以维持一个稳定的过程。他必须在开始的时候就尽快学会无论是左转舵或是右转舵。
大多数船只现在设置和操纵满量程0 -360度做法。该系统取代了传统使用的罗盘规模将枢机主教，并指出分歧。然而，每水手和领航员必须熟悉旧系统，因为对获得（例如，作为救生艇的能力证书）一定资格的必要条件;点也应用于指示风向。
C 017. Nowadays, the “helmsman” is also called ________ onboard.现在，在船上舵手还被叫做….
A. Ordinary seaman普通水手
B. Bosun水手长
C. Able seaman全能水手
D. Carpenter木匠
018.What was used for indication the ship's course in traditional navigation________ . 什么是用于指示该船舶在航行过程中传统
A. Adegrees on the full scale of 0-360 °满量程0-360
B. cardinals and points of compass罗盘
C. sounding in meters
D. distance in miles
A 019. When dose the helmsman has to steer the ship precisely ________ .舵手在何时需要精确地操控船只
A. according to the instructions of the officer of the watch 根据值班驾驶员的指示
B. when the ship to be turned or to be prevented from turning 当船只转向或停止转向
C. when the ship to be lined up on a particular heading 当船只在特定朝向直线行进
D. all above are correct 以上均正确
B 020. According to "points are also used for indication wind direction", please predict how to indicate the set of
the current________.根据“点也应用于指示风向”，请预测如何如何表明当前…设置
A. degrees 度数
B. points 点
C. centigrade 摄氏度
D. Beaufort scale 蒲福风力等级
Passage 3-06
While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate，the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data. It is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that，other applications should not be running on the user's machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data，and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100) for further details. The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission，or in the process of display or printing on the user's equipment，or if converted to other software formats，and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such change，or any modifications or unauthorised changes，made by licensees，or other parties.尽管已尽一切努力，确保通过航海服务的通告提供的数据是准确的，用户需要意识到的风险数据损坏。重要的是，用户应该只使用适当的设备和数据，其他应用程序不应该在用户的计算机上运行在同一时间。用户应行使的数据运用其专业判断，并参考有关详细信息，航海手册（NP100）。用户需要注意，有可能该数据可能会损坏在传输过程中，或在显示或打印在用户设备的过程中，或者转换为其他软件格式，并据此表示，UKHO可以不承担责任任何此类变更，或任何修改或未经授权的更改，由持牌人或其他各方作出。
D 021.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except _______.这些数据会在下列过程中损坏除了…
A. during transmission 在传输过程中
B. in the display or printing on the user's equipment在用户的设备中显示或者印刷时
C. in converting to other software formats在转换到其他软件格式时
D. in air mail delivery to the readers 在航空邮件传递到阅读者时
A 022.The use of the data is advised to consult _______ for further details.该数据的使用应参考…以获得进一步的细节
A. Mariners Handbook 航海手册
B. Sailing Directions 航路指南
C. Guide to Port Entry 进港指南
D. Notices to Mariners 航海通告
D 023.Of the following items _______ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept no responsibility.下列项目
中，…没有被提到UKHO将不承担任何责任
A. change in the process of display or printing 在显示或打印中出现的改变
B. unauthorised changes made by licensees or other parties持有人或其他方做出的未授权的更改
C. modifications made by licensees or other parties 持有人或其他方做出的修改
D. professional amendments 专业的改进
C 024.It is implied that _______.这暗示着…
A. the data are incorrect数据是不正确的
B. the data are to be corrected intensively数据要集中纠正
C. although the data are accurate enough，you are still advised to use it with caution尽管数据是准确的，你仍然建议谨慎使用
D. not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correction如果你没有
足够的时间或合适的设备去实现有效的纠正则不要使用它
Passage 3-07
The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship.
Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.
The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.
集装箱船是与传统的类型所不同的，一个创新的船型，它便于更快地操作和货物周转。由该船舶类型运输的货物是在装载上船前，预先装入集装箱的装载的。
集装箱在装入货物后就要密封起来。集装箱是使用金属或其他耐用材料制成，它们是经过防水密封的，因此可以在运输中安放在甲板上。集装箱货船的特点之一就是一些通常的集装箱都是存放在甲板上的。
集装箱船在交易圈正变得越来越流行，而且这种趋势便是吨位数将在未来较快增长。
C 025.What does "innovation" in the first paragraph mean? ________.第一段中“创新”的意思是？
A. making changes做出改变
B. the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific disease进入体内的抗原物质引起体内的特定疾病
C. The act of introducing something new.引入一些新事物的行为
D. revolution革命
D 026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.当货物装入后集装箱将被密封起来
A. filled 装满
B. loaded 上船
C. stuffed 塞满
D. closed officially or under the supervision of notary public正式地封闭或者在接受公共监督下封闭
C 027.Of the following，________ is not the feature of the container ship?下列描述中，…不是集装箱船的特点
A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.一些集装箱通常安放在甲板上
B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargo 易于操作以及快速装卸货物
C. The container ship is becoming increasingly safer集装箱货船正变得日益安全
D. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container 货物会预先装入集装箱内
B 028.The tonnage of container ship is ________.集装箱货船的吨位…
A. decreasing 减小
B. increasing增加
C. remaining the same保持不变
D. changing 改变
Passage 3-08
Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They，however，are subject to frequent changes，such as those of navigational aids，of waterways due to the dredging and construction，of depths of water，and of removal or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-to-date and reliable，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners，which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to do so，the Notices will provide a reproduction of a small area，which is also called block，to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.
海图是海员不可或缺的。然而，他们是频繁变化的，如航行的水道，由于救援的挖泥和施工水深，人，以及取消或沉船的外观。为了随时掌握最新的和可靠的，必须经过海图改正。重要的变化一般是由出刊的航海通告，航海纠正，使手工图表颁布。如果主要的变化使得这样做不可行，有关公告将提供面积小，这也被称为块，要在其上正确的位置图粘贴复制。
C 029.Nautical charts need correction because ________.
A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.
B. there are always some mistakes
C. wrecks may appear or be removed
D. they could never be reprinted
A 030.Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance with ________.
A. Notices to Mariners
B. Sailing Directions
C. Guide to Port Entry
D. Supplement
C 031.In the passage，Blocks are ________.
A. large scale charts
B. representations of charts
C. reproductions of portions of charts
D. small scale charts
A 032.The purpose of correction to charts is to ________.
A. keep them up-to-date
B. make the charts brand-new
C. keep the charts available to all mariners in the world
D. keep the charts free from mistakes
Passage 3-09
Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section Ⅳ. Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section Ⅳof the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.
It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affecting the area under consideration are in force.
It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，but，if this is done，when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement，which may be several months before its receipt on board.
航海指南第四章节有更正。这些将在年底刊印在航海通告年度总结中。一个有效的更正名单已刊载于第Ⅳ版周报为每月的最后一个星期。
建议更正文件保存在一个与在上面力更正的最新名单。这份名单时，应咨询使用父书，看是否有更正影响正在审议的面积已经生效。
并不建议更正受限于在父书或最近的增刊，但是，如果这样做，当一个新的补充，是收到必须小心保留后发之日起的新的补充修正，这可能在船上的收据的几个月后，。
B 033.________ are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners….将被刊印到航海通告年度总结中
A. The Sailing Directions航海指南
B. The corrections to Sailing Directions 对于航海指南的更正
C. The effective corrections to Notices to Mariners 对于航海通告的有效更正
D. The Weekly Edition 周刊
A 034.The parent book is ________.父书是…
A. The Sailing Direction 航海指南
B. The corrections to Sailing Directions in force 生效的航海指南更正版
C. the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners 航海通告年度总结
D. the Weekly Edition 周刊
D 035.It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be ________.航海指南的更正是…
A. made by hand 手动操作
B. consulted at the last week of each month 参考于每月的最后一周
C. stuck in the parent book or current supplement 受限于父书或者最近的增刊
D. kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top 答案：）
A 036.If the corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，________.如果受限于父书或最近的增刊，则…
A. when a new supplement is received，those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement must be
retained 答案：）原句
B. the parent book must be consulted
C. the current supplement must be consulted
D. the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be used
Passage 3 -10
The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chart. On a large scale chart，for example，full details of all lights and fog signals are shown，but on smaller scales the order of reduction of information in elevation，period，range，until on an ocean chart of the area only lights with a range of 15 miles or more will normally be inserted，and then only their light-star and magenta flare. On the other hand，radio beacons are omitted from large scale charts where their use would be inappropriate，and，unless they are long range beacons，from ocean charts.
海图的详细程度取决于海图的比例。大比例的海图中，例如，所有的灯和雾信号的细节都能显示出来，但在一个小比例的海图中，海拔，时间，范围的信息都有所减少，除非在这个区域的海洋图中通常嵌入15英里或更多的范围的信息，然后只有他们的光明星和洋红色耀斑。另
一方面，由于不适合用于大比例海图，无线电信标通常省去，并且，除非在海图中它们是长程灯塔。
B 037.Ocean charts are ________ ones.海洋图是…
A. large scale 大比例尺
B. small scale 小比例尺
C. inappropriate 不适用
D. omitted省去的
A 038.What cannot be found in the large scale charts? ________.在大比例海图中什么是没有的。
A. Radio beacons of small range小范围的无线电信表
B. Full details of all lights.所有灯塔的详细信息
C. Elevations 海拔
D. Full details of fog signals所有浓雾信号的详细信息C 039.The light-star and magenta flare are shown on ________.light-star和magenta flare显示在…
A. large scale charts only只在大比例尺海图中
B. small scale charts only只在小比例尺海图中
C. both small and large scale charts 既在大比例尺海图中也在小比例尺海图中
D. neither small nor large scale charts既不在大比例尺海图中也不在小比例尺海图中
A 040.The title of this passage should be ________.这篇文章的标题应该是…
A. Lights and Beacons on Charts海图中的灯和灯塔
B. Characteristic of Lights and Beacons灯和灯塔的特征
C. Corrections to Small and Large Scale charts 大比例和小比利海图的更正
D. Navigational Charts Publication 航海海图的发表
Passage 3-11
DALIAN OBSY GALE WARNING 190600Z
COLD FRONT WILL PASS BOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA CAUSING GALE WINDS TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING STOP.
SYNOPTIC SITUATION 190600Z
LOW 994 HPA AT 48N 118E MOVING SE 8 KTS WITH COLD FRONT FROM CENTER PASSISNG 44N 128E HIGH 1013HPA AT 38N 124E STATIONARY STOP
24HOURS WEATHER FORECAST FROM 191000Z
BOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA PARTLY CLOUDY BECOMING OVERCAST TOMORROW WITH RAIN SW WINDS FORCE 7 TO 8 TOMORROW ATERNOON AND EVENING SEA ROUGH BECOMING VERY ROUGH STOP.
大连天文台大风警报190600Z
冷锋将通过渤海海峡渤海黄海北部和中部的强风造成明天下午和晚上停止。
天气形势190600Z
低994百帕在北纬48度东经118度移动东南8冷锋凯标从中部的北纬38东经12E平稳停止北纬44东经128高1013百帕中心
24小时天气预测从191000Z
渤海海峡渤海黄海北部和中部天气部分成为西南风及有雨变得很粗糙，空军停止7日至8明天ATERNOON及夜校大海变得波涛汹涌多云，明天。
041.The COLD FRONT will pass Bohai Sea，Bohai Straits，North and central Huanghai Sea on冷锋将会在…通过渤海海域，渤海海峡，黄海北部到黄海中部
A. The 20th 20日
B. The 19th 19日
C. The 18th 18日
D. The 6th 6日
B 042.________ is stationary at 38N 124E. …固定在北纬38东经124
A. Low 994 Hpa
B. High 1013 Hpa答案
C. Cold front
D. Warm front
D 043.The winds are expected tomorrow to be_______?预计明天的风将..
A. rough 猛烈
B. very rough 非常猛烈（答案吧，有原句）
C. SE 8 knots
D. SW 7-8 in force
A 044.What is the weather like tomorrow in this area? _______.明日这片海域天气将如何
A. It will be partly cloudy becoming overcast with rain and SW force 7-8 winds将多云有雨西南风7到8级
B. LOW 994 HPA at 48N 118E is moving SE 8 KTS with COLD FRONT from center passing 44N 128E
C. HIGH 1013HPA at 38N 124E will be stationary
D. It will rain the whole day
Passage 3-12
In some parts of a chart where the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kind，there may be Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc.，which should be taken into account while using a chart. All of those Cautionary Notes give the mariner facilities to ensure safe navigation，such as to avoid running aground in shallow waters and making damages to nearby fishing gears，and to keep off any hazards in areas where submarine frequently exercises. Furthermore，they are of good help to mariners，as to the reliability of the navigational aids especially in congested waters or narrow channels，to prevent any possible accidents.
在图表的某些部分，如果那里是空白的，没有任何形式的符号，有可能是警告，警告，注意等，在使用时就要考虑到这些。这些注意事项都给予水手们水手以便利，以确保航行安全，以避免在浅水区搁浅，以及使损害到附近的渔具，并远离潜艇经常练习的危险海域。此外，他们是海员很好的帮手，就像导航设备的可靠度一样，尤其是在拥挤或狭窄的通道可靠性，可以防止任何可能发生的意外。
D 045.What is the main topic of this passage? ________.这一段文章的主要讲的什么
A. Regulations of the harbor海港规章
B. Details in the Sailing Directions航海指南的细节
C. Rules of the terminal终点站的规则
D. Description on Admiralty Charts航海图的描述
A 046.According to the passage，you must pay attention to ________ while using a chart.根据这篇文章，当使用海图时一定要注意到…
A. Cautions，Warnings and Notes警告和注意
B. Reports，Symbols and Charts 报告，符号和海图
C. Explanations，accounts and answers解释，解释和解答
D. Damages，hazards and injuries 损害，危害和伤害
C 047.Cautionary Notes are helpful for mariners ________.警告有助于海员…
A. to run aground in shallow waters在浅水区搁浅
B. to make damages to nearby fishing gears 损害附近的渔具
C. to keep off hazards in areas where submarine exercises 远离潜艇练习的危险地带
D. to keep the reliability of the aids to navigation in congested waters or narrow channels 在穿过拥挤水域或者狭窄海峡时保持导航设备的可靠性
D 048.Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc. are likely inserted in some parts of a chart where ________.警告，警报或者通知之类的通常会被插入到海图的…部分
A. submarine frequently exercises 潜艇经常练习地方
B. there are fishing gears 渔场
C. the waters is congested and the channels are narrow 拥挤水域和狭窄海峡
D. the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kind一些空白区域或者没有标志的地方Passage 3-13
Logbooks required by law，to be filled out by masters or officers on duty of every ship，the forms of which must be proved by the shipping companies or marine authorities.
Logbooks are used to record the events occurring during the ship's stay in a harbor，at anchorage，or underway，and they are also requested to produce evidences in case officials inquire about accidents.
On completion of the voyage the logbook must be submitted to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justification，checking or approval. Therefore，everything recorded in the logbook must be true and accurate.
When a misentry has been made in the log，a red line would be drawn on those parts. The correct entry with signature should be made near or above them. No erasures or cuts are to be allowed.
法律规定每艘船舶的船长或值班海员填写航海日志，其必须由船公司或海事局证明的形式。
日志是用来记录在该船舶停留在港口时或在停泊地时，或在航时所发生的事件，而且要求他们出示证据以防事故调查官员的问询。
论航行日志必须完成提交给业主或理由，检查或批准的海事局监督。因此，在日志记录的一切都必须真实，准确。
当错误记录出现在日志中，用一条红色的线将错误部分标志出来的。更正后需在其上或者附近签名。不允许有涂抹或者删减发生。
B 049.The best title for the passage is " ________ "最适合作为本文的标题的是…
A. The forms of logbooks航海日志的形式
B. The use of logbooks航海日志使用办法
C. Characteristics of logbooks航海日志的特点
D. How to check logbooks如何检查航海日志
D 050.When a misentry has been made in the log，________.当错误记录出现在航海日志中，则…
A. erasures or cuts are to be allowed.允许涂抹或删减
B. it is to be corrected out by masters or officers on duty of every ship需由船长或值班船员纠正
C. it is to be produced in case officials inquire about accidents.为应付事故调查官的问询需制造一些证据
D. a red line would be drawn on those parts，with correct entry with signature being made near or above them.
答案（原句）
B 051.The forms of logbooks must be proved by ________.航海日志的形式须由…证明
A. officials who inquire about accidents.问询事故的官员
B. the shipping companies or marine authorities.船务公司或者海事局
C. masters or officers on duty.船长或者值班海员
D. the superintendent of the owner.业主的监督
A 052.The logbook must be submitted ________ to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for
justification，checking or approval.航海日志须在…提交至业主监督或者海事局来判定检查或者认证。
A. on completion of the voyage完成航程时
B. in a harbor进港后
C. at anchorage 停泊时
D. underway在航时
Passage 3-14
For navigation，radar is of incredible value. It provides the navigator with his position，his distance from ships or obstructions nearby and other accurate information to prevent collision and ensure the safety of the ship. Radar can display all objects within its working range clearly，either in clear weather or in thick fog. In addition，if the radar information is correctly interpreted，the navigator can easily work out the speed and direction of an approaching object and take proper measures to keep his ship from any danger.
Shore-based radar also plays an important role in shipping. If ship's radar is in trouble，the radar observer at the stations will use VHF radio to alert them to other traffic in the vicinity as well as to advise their position. Up to now，many radar surveillance systems have been installed in most large seaports. They are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.
对于航海，雷达有着难以置信的价值。它提供了领航员他的的位置，附近的船舶或其他障碍物的准确信息，以防止碰撞，确保船舶的安全距离。雷达可以清楚显示其工作范围内的所有对象，无论是在晴朗的天气或大雾。此外，如果雷达资料正确的诠释，领航员可以很容易地制定
出一个接近物体的速度和方向，采取适当措施，以防止任何危险他的船。
岸上的雷达也在航运中起着重要作用。如果船的雷达出现故障时，雷达观测站观测员将利用甚高频电台，提醒他们在附近其他交通以及告知
他们的位置。截至目前，许多雷达监测系统已安装在大多数大型港口。他们的目的是从海港平稳控制交通流。
B 053.For navigation，the radar is ________.对航海来说，雷达….
A. of no value没有价值
B. very important 非常重要
C. so expensive that people don't know how much it is 昂贵到没人知道它值多少
D. valueless 不重要
C 054.Which of the following statements about radar's function for marine purposes is incorrect? ________.以下关于
雷达用于航海目的功能说法哪个不正确
A. It provides the navigator the ship's position它提示领航员他们的位置
B. It provides information to protect ships from collision 它提供信息来保护船只免于碰撞
C. It displays all the objects at sea clearly它清晰地显示海上所有物体
D. It displays the observer's distance from ships and obstructions nearby它显示观察员出附近船只以及障
碍物的距离
A 055.If the ship's radar is in trouble，the shore-based radar ________.如果船上的雷达出现问题，岸上雷达…
A. may provide the ship of her position可以提供船只的位置
B. should be installed with surveillance systems 需要安装监视系统
C. shall advise the ship to use VHF需要建议船只使用甚高频
D. will be put into use immediately将立即投入使用
D 056.Radar surveillance systems ________.雷达监视系统…
A. may provide all ships of their technical conditions可以提供所有船只他们的技术状况
B. should be installed with VHF需要安装甚高频
C. shall be correctly interpreted，应正确理解
D. are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.从海港平稳控制进出的船
流
Passage 3-15
Communications over relatively short distances can be made by visual or sound signals. Visual signals can be sent by using flags or an Aldis lamp. An Aldis lamp is an electric lamp used for flashing messages in Morse code. The traditional method of signaling from one ship to another is by using flags. There are different colored flags for each letter of the alphabet. There are also pennant-shaped flags for numbers，and a long pennant，known as an answering or code pennant. Three other flags，which are burgee-shaped，are known as substitutes. These show that the flat or pennant is being repeated. Besides standing for a letter of the alphabet，each flag，when hoisted along，has another meaning. For example，the "W" flag also means: "I require medical assistance". Flags can also be hoisted in combinations of two，three or four. Siren，whistle，bell or other sound signals can be used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen.
在相对短距离通信可以通过视觉或声音信号。视觉信号可传送使用国旗或阿尔迪斯灯。一个阿尔迪斯灯闪烁的电灯泡在邮件中使用莫尔斯电码。从一船信号，以另一种传统方法是使用标志。还有的每个字母不同颜色的标志。还有队旗形标志的数字，长幡，如应答或代码幡闻名。
其他三个标志，这是三角旗形，被称为替代品。这表明该单位或三角旗正在重演。除了为一个常设的字母，每个旗，升起时，一直以来，有另外的含义。例如，“W“的标志也意味着：“我需要医疗援助“。也可以悬挂国旗在两个，三个或四个结合。警报器，哨子，铃或其他声音信号，可以用在类似情况下，当雾和视觉信号无法看到。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1b367283.html,munications over relatively short distances may be made by ________.相对短距离交流可通过…
A. visual signals视频信号
B. sound signals 音频信号
C. Morse Code 摩斯密码
D. Either visual or sound signals 视频或音频信号
A 058.An Aldis lamp is used for ________.轻便信号灯用于…
A. transmitting Morse code 发送摩斯密码
B. flashing flags闪烁旗帜
C. sending flag signals 传递旗语信号
D. sending sound signals传递声音信号
A 059.Burgee-shaped flags are used as substitutes to show ________.三角旗用来显示…
A. "repeating"重复
B. "answering" 回答
C. "code" pennant 密码信号旗
D. "I requiring medical assistance" 我需要医疗援助
D 060.________ are used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen…..用于大雾或可视信号看不清等类似天气情况。
A. Visual signals 可视信号
B. Substitutes 替代
C. Pennant-shaped flags 三角旗
D. The ship's siren，whistle or bell 船的汽笛，或者钟声
Passage 3-16
When the senders of goods have large shipment to make，and especially when bulk cargo is concerned，it is advisable that they have some ships at their disposal. Some of the big companies set up a fleet of their own，but the rest may find it more profitable to hire instead of building or buying ships. This is called "chartering". The chartering of the ship is usually done through the intermediary of brokers，who，when hired，will go through all the necessary formalities on behalf of the charterer. In London there is a special center "the Baltic Exchange"，where the brokers operate in much the same way as stock and share brokers on a stock exchange. But it is easy for home shippers to hire Chinese or foreign ships through China National Chartering Corporation，which takes care of chartering business on orders from various import and export corporations.
当发货人有大量货物需要运送，尤其是对散装货物而言，最好在选择船只时有些考虑。一些公司的大成立了自己的车队，但其余的可能会觉得更有利可图，而不是租用的船舶建造或购买。这就是所谓的“租赁“。船的租船通常是通过经纪人，谁什么时候雇用，中介将通过所有代表对承租人必要手续。在伦敦中心有一个特殊的“波罗的海交易所“，那里的经纪人在很大程度上就像在证券交易所和证券经营机构股票相同的方式运作。但它很容易通过家货主雇用中国租船公司，这需要从不同的租赁进出口公司的订单处理业务中或外国船只。
D 061.When large shipment is concerned，________ is not the way for the sender to have ships at their disposal.当
要进行大量货物运输时，…不适合发货人选择。
A. to charter ships 包租船只
B. to build ships制造船只
C. to buy ships 购买船只
D. to scrape ships 刮船只(…不明白)
B 062.In chartering all the necessary formalities are performed through ________.在租船时所有必要手续都是需要通过…
A. the intermediary of agents 中介代理机构
B. the intermediary of brokers中介经纪人
C. the charterers 承租人
D. the "Baltic Exchange"波罗的海交易所
D 063.The function of "the Baltic Exchange" is ________.波罗的海交易所的作用是…
A. to deal with stocks 处理库存
B. to exchange cargoes 交易货物
C. to operate on shares 操作股票
D. to charter ships租赁船只
D 064.China National Chartering Corporation takes care of chartering business for home shippers. "To take care of
" means ________.中国租船公司主要处理国内货主的船只租赁业务，这里“take care of”意思是…
A. to pay attention to 关注于
B. to be concerned with 关注于
C. to be liable for 有义务去
D. to take charge of 负责处理
Passage 3-17
A tropical storm is not so extensive as the depression of higher latitudes but，within 75 miles or so of the center，the wind is often far more violent，and the high and confused seas near the center may cause considerable damage to large and well-found ships，while small vessels (for example，destroyers) have foundered. The danger is still greater when ships are caught in restricted waters without adequate room to maneuver. Within 5 to 10 miles of the center
the wind is light or moderate and variable，the sky is clear or partially so，and there is a heavy，sometimes mountainous，confused swell. This area is known as the "eye" of the storm. After passing through the relatively windless center of the storm the wind will suddenly，and with great violence，commence to blow from a direction opposite to that experienced on the other side of the windless center. Due to torrential rain visibility near the storm center is almost nil.
一个热带风暴并非如此广泛的高纬度地区的气压，但在75英里或该中心的话，往往是远风更猛烈，并在中心附近海域的高，混乱可能造成的伤害大和福祉发现船舶，而（例如，驱逐舰）小型船只沉没。更大的危险是当船舶在受限水域捕获没有足够的回旋余地。在5至10年该中心的风很轻，中度和可变英里，天空是如此清晰或部分，并有一个重，有时山区，混淆膨胀。这个区域被称为“眼“风暴。经过风暴的风会突然的，凭自己的暴力行为，从一开始方向相反的打击，对对方有经验的中心无风，相对无风的中心传递。由于风暴中心附近暴雨能见度几乎为零。
D 065.Within ________ of a tropical storm center，the wind is violent.在热带风暴中心…内，风力很强烈
A. no more than 75 miles 75英里以内
B. not more than 75 miles 不到75英里
C. 75 miles or a greater distance 75英里或者更大的距离
D. about 75 miles 75英里（这个貌似是答案吧）
D 066.Among the following，________ one may not be found in the "eye" of the storm?在下列情况，哪个不可能出现在暴风眼中？
A. The visibility is moderate or good能见度中等或良好
B. The wind is light or moderate 风力轻或者中等
C. The sky is clear or partly cloudy 天空晴朗或部分有云
D. The swell is low or moderate. 膨胀度低或中等
C 067.In the passage，"a well-found ship " means ________.文中，well-found ship意思是…
A. a ship has been found in any place 可以在任何地方看到的船只
B. a ship has been found in good visibility 能见度良好时可以看到船只
C. a ship with all the necessary equipment properly maintained 装备有必要完好设备的船只
D. a ship in huge size 大船
A 068.The visibility near tropical storm center is ________.热带风暴中心附近的可视度为….
A. Very poor 很差
B. Poor差
C. Moderate 中等
D. Good好
Passage 3-18
By turning the GAIN control clockwise，the gain of the receiver increases and the observing range of the target expands. Adjust this control so that the best pictures may be displayed on the screen，according to the range scale in use. In the short range，it is advisable to operate the equipment with this control set at a setting where the receiver gain is rather lowered a little. In the long range，it is advisable to operate the equipment with this control set at a setting where the receiver gain is rather increased a little. With too little gain，the small targets are missed and there is a decrease in the detected range. With excessive gain，since the screen becomes brighter because the noise increases，the contrast between echoes and background noise reduces，making target observation more difficult. In the crowded regions，the gain may be reduced to clear the picture.
通过转动顺时针增益控制，接收器的增益和增加目标的观测范围扩大。这个调整使最好的照片可能会显示在屏幕上，根据所使用的规模控制范围。在短距离，最好是在一个地方工作与接收器增益降低一点点，而设置此设置控制设备。在长期范围内，最好是在一个地方工作与接收器增益设置略有增加，而设置此控制设备。有太多小的收益，被错过的小目标，并有一个检测到的范围减少。过量增益，由于屏幕变亮，因为噪音的增加，两者回声和背景噪音降低对比度，使目标观测更加困难。在拥挤的地区，该收益可能会减少到清晰的图片。
A 069.Switching from short range to long range，you will have to _______.从短程切换到远程，你需要…
A. turn the Gain control clockwise转动顺时针增益控制
B. turn the Gain control anticlockwise 转动逆时针增益控制
C. turn off the Gain 关闭增益
D. keep the Gain control remaining in its original position 保持增益控制的原始状态
B 070.By turning The Gain clockwise，the contrast between echoes and background noise will _______.通过旋转顺时针增益控制，回声和背景噪声的反差会…
A. increase 增大
B. decrease 减小
C. not change 不变
D. increase or decrease according to the range scale in use 增大或减小根据使用的情况而定
D 071.By _______ the best picture will be displayed on the screen，通过…屏幕上会显示出最佳图像.
A. turning the Gain control clockwise 转动顺时针增益控制
B. turning the Gain control anticlockwise 转动逆时针增益控制
C. keeping the Gain control remaining in its original position 保持增益控制的原始状态
D. increasing or decreasing the gain according to the range scale in use 取决去使用状况而定
D 072.With too little gain，_______.通过特小增益…
A. the target observation will be more difficult under the increasing contrast在对比度增大的情况下观察目标将更困难
B. the contrast between echoes and background noise reduces 回声和背景噪声的对比将减小
C. the screen becomes brighter because the noise increases噪声增大而使屏幕更亮
D. the small targets are missed and there is a decrease in the detected range小目标会被遗漏并且检测范围变小
Passage 3-19
BISCAY: SW 3 OR 4 INCREASING 6 TO GALE 8，THEN VEERING NW 5. RAIN THEN SHOWERS. MODERATE OR POOR BECOMING GOOD. FINISTERRE: WESTERLY 6，LOCALLY GALE 8，VEERING NW 5. RAIN THEN SHOWERS. MODERATE OR POOR BECOMING GOOD. EAST NORTHERN SECTION: W OR SW 6 TO GALE 8，BUT IN NORTH-EAST CYCLONIC 4 AT FIRST，AND IN NORTH-WEST SOUTHERLY 6 TO GALE 8 AT FIRST. WINTRY SHOWERS. MAINLY GOOD. WEST NORTHERN SECTION: IN NORTH，CYCLONIC 6 TO GALE 8，LOCALLY SEVERE GALE 9，BECOMING VARIABLE 3 OR 4. WINTRY SHOWERS. MAINLY GOOD. MODERATE ICING IN WEST AT FIRST WITH TEMPERATURE -2℃TO -5℃. IN SOUTH WESTERLY 6 TO GALE 8，LOCALLY SEVERE GALE 9，BACKING SOUTHERLY AND INCREASING LOCALLY STORM 10 LATER. WINTRY SHOWERS THEN SNOW.MAINLY GOOD BECOMING MODERATE.
比斯：西南3或4增加86至烈风程度，然后转向西北5。雨然后淋浴。中度或贫穷成为好。菲尼斯特雷：西风6，局部烈风8，转向西北5。雨然后淋浴。中度或贫穷成为好。东北段：宽6至烈风或SW8，但在东北旋风4日第一次，在东北西部偏南6至烈风在第一8。冬天的淋浴。主要是好的。西北段：北，气旋6至烈风8，局部重度烈风九，成为变量3或4。冬天的淋浴。主要是好的。中度积冰起初与温度-2℃至-5℃，西部。华南8西风6至烈风程度，局部重度烈风9，支持南风和提高局部暴雨10以后。冬天淋浴然后SNOW.MAINLY良好成为中等。
B 073.Backing means the wind _______.后退意味着风….
A. is changing clockwise in direction顺时针方向变化
B. is changing anticlockwise in direction 逆时针方向变化
C. is changing cyclonically or variably in direction旋转或不定变化
D. remains unchanged in direction at the time仍保持不变化
C 074.The visibility in EAST NORTHERN section is mainly _______.东北部的可视度仍然…
A. poor 差
B. moderate 中等
C. good 好
D. very good 很好
A 075.In north part of WEST NORTHERN section，the wind is _______. 在西北部的北边，风….
A. cyclonic 6 to gale 8 at first 6到8（答案）
B. cyclonic 4 at first
C. westly 6 to gale 8
D. variable 3 or 4 at first
A 076.This passage is likely to be under the heading of ________.这段文字的标题应该是…
A. FORECAST 天气预报
B. GALE WARNING 大风警报
C. SYNOPSIS 更改
D. STORM WARNING 风暴警报
Passage 3-20
The certainty with which the ship's position in coast waters can be known at any moment depends very much on the frequency with which known objects can be observed，the accuracy of the techniques used in making the observations，and the accuracy with which the navigator estimates forces(such as the wind and the tidal stream ) that might set the ship off her desired course．
The navigator should always try to reduce the uncertainty in his observations，or at least to recognize the possibility of uncertainty in the techniques he is using．Thus，for example，a range taken by radar is more accurate than a radar bearing，particularly on the bow，a transit of objects marked on the chart has greater certainty than a magnetic compass bearing; a vertical sextant angle and a bearing carries less uncertainty than two bearings; and son on．
The prudent navigator masters all the techniques of coastal navigation and at any given moment selects those which give the greatest certainty to his fix or DR position．
与该船舶在沿海水域的位置可以随时知道肯定很大程度上取决于与该已知的对象可以观察到的频率，该技术的准确性，使观测使用，准确度
与该领航员估计部队多（例如风和潮汐流）可能设置了她想要的航线上。
该导航器应该总是在他的观察，以减少不确定性，或至少承认在他的技术不确定性的可能性是using.Thus，例如，采取了一系列的雷达比一
个雷达轴承准确，特别是在弓，图表上的标记物过境比磁罗盘更大的确定性，一个垂直的角度和轴承六分仪较低的不确定性进行两个以上的
轴承和儿子。
所有沿海航行的技巧，在任何特定的时刻谨慎选择那些航海家主人给他最大的肯定或DR固定位置。
D 077.The certainty of ship's position in coastal waters depends on ____该船舶在水域中位置确定性取决于…
A. the frequency of known object being observed 被观察对象的已知频率
B. the accuracy of the techniques used in making the observation该技术在观察中的准确性
C. The accuracy of officers' estimating forces，such as wings and currents对人员实力估计的准确性，如机翼于电流
D. All of the above 以上皆有
D 078.How should the navigator do when observing ship's position in coastal waters?当观测船位置处于沿海水域，海员该如何做
A. He should use radar ranges instead of radar bearings，if possible
B. He should always try to make the uncertainty low in his observation
C. He should know the possibility of uncertainty in the techniques he is using
D. He should take A，B and C into account
B 079.Which one of the followings is incorrect?下列描述哪个是不正确的
A. Winds and currents may deviate your vessel from your desired course风向和洋流会使船只偏离原航线
B. A magnetic compass bearing has less uncertainty than a transit of objects marked on the chart磁罗盘的方
向感弱于海图中已标记的坐标
C. A vertical sextant angle and a bearing has greater certainty than two bearings六分仪垂直角加上一个bearing 比两个bearing更准确
D. The prudent navigator should choose those techniques with greatest certainty to his fix在定位时谨慎的海员会选择更具准确性的技术来处理
D 080.What is the passage mainly discussed?这篇文章讨论的是….
A. Variety of fixing method定位方式的多样性
B. Techniques of position-fixing 定位的技术
C .Position-fixing in coastal waters 沿海水域定位
D. Certainty and uncertainty in the techniques being used 技术应用中的确定于不确定性
Passage 3-21
It has been reported that one of our vessels suffered an accidental release of dry powder. This happened during a routine，three monthly test of the system. The third officer was checking the fixed dry powder extinguishing system and decided to check the content of the pilot bottle. This particular system has two valves，one on the bottle itself with the pressure gauge behind it and the other one isolating the pilot bottle from the system. In order to check the pressure，the officer changed the position of the isolating valve into position he thought closed (perpendicular to the pipeline) and opened the bottle valve. By doing that he activated the dry powder system and the entire 1800kgs of dry powder was discharged on deck through the dry powder manifold monitors.
A lesson to be learnt from the above incident - make sure that not only the isolation valve is close but also the pipe is disconnected to avoid accidental release of dry powder.
据报道，我们的船只之一遭受了意外释放干粉。原来，在一次例行的，三个系统每月的考验。第三个固定人员在检查干粉灭火系统，并决定以检查试验瓶的内容。这套系统有两个气门，在与它背后的压力表，另一个从隔离制度试点瓶瓶本身。为了检查压力，有关人员改为位置上的隔离阀的位置，他认为关闭（垂直管道），打开瓶阀。通过这样做，他激活系统和干粉干粉整个1800kgs出院了甲板上，通过多方面的干粉显示器。
一个教训，从上述事件的教训- 确保不仅隔离阀关闭，但也管断开，以避免意外释放干粉。
D 081.When did the accident happen?事故是什么时候发生的？
A. During a routine survey 在一次例行调查中
B. During a test three months ago三月前在一次检测中
C. During a routeing test three months ago 在三个月前一次理性检测中
D. During a routine test at intervals of three months 在一次间隔三个月的例行检测中
A 082.What did the third officer want to do?第三个官员要作什么
A. He wanted to check the content of pilot bottle.他要检查pilot bottle的含量
B. He wanted to check the content of fixed dry powder system.他要检查固定干粉系统的含量
C. He wanted to check the valves for leakage.他想检查泄漏的阀门
D. He wanted to check the pressure gauge of pilot bottle.他要检查pilot bottle压力表
A 083.The closed position of the isolating valve the third officer thought is that ______?第三个官员认为该隔离阀关闭位置…
A. the valve was perpendicular to the pipeline.该阀是垂直于管道
B. the valve was changed to any position other than perpendicular to the pipeline.
C. the valve was perpendicular to the pipeline and the manifold monitors was shut too.
D. Not mentioned in the passage.
B 084.According this passage，which one of the followings is incorrect?根据这篇文章，以下哪一个不正确？
A. The system should be checked at regular interval of three months.
B. pilot bottle can't be checked at any time. pilot bottle不能在任何时间检查
C. The entire dry powder was accidentally discharged on deck.
D. The third officer activated the dry powder system by mistake.
Passage 3-22
During the watch the course steered，position and speed shall be checked at sufficiently frequent intervals，using any available navigational aids necessary，to ensure the ship follows the planned course.
The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall have full knowledge of the location and operation of all safety and navigational equipment on board the ship and shall be aware and take account of the operating limitations of such equipment.
The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall not be assigned or undertake any duties which would interfere with the safe navigation of the ship.
Officers of the navigational watch shall make the most effective use of all navigational equipment at their disposal. When using radar，the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall bear in mind the necessity to comply at all times with the provisions on the use of radar contained in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea，in force.在观看过程中转向，位置和速度应在足够频繁的间隔检查，使用任何提供必要的导航设备，以确保船舶遵循计划课程。在航行的值班人员应在船上的位置和所有安全和航行设备的操作完全了解该船舶，并应注意，并利用这些设备的操作限制的帐户。
在航行的值班人员不得转让或承担任何义务将干扰船舶的安全航行。
对航行值班人员应当在它们所掌握的所有导航设备的最有效的使用。
当使用雷达，导航中值班人员应铭记在有必要遵守的雷达与在国际规则所载防止海上碰撞的力量，使用规定的所有时间。
C 085.The purpose of checking the course steered，position and speed is ______.检查航线掌舵，定位以及船速的目的在于
A. to steer the course
B. to ensure the at frequent intervals
C. to ensure the ship follows the planned course 确保船在沿着既定航线行驶
D. to use them safely
C 086.It is not necessary for the officer in charge of the navigational watch to be aware of ______those equipment
on board.对于值班驾驶员来说知道甲板上设备的…是没有必要的
A. the location of 位置
B. the operation of 操作
C. the amount of 数量
D. the limitations of 不足
A 087.______means the power to be used freely….意味着权利自由使用
A. At their disposal 任他们处置
B. Taking account of
C. Interfering with
D. The necessity to comply
B 088.When using radar，the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall act in accordance with______.在使用
雷达时，值班驾驶员应遵循…来操作
A. the necessity to comply
B. the COLREG国际海上避碰规则公约
C. the effective use of the equipment
D. the provisions contained in the navigational regulatons
Passage 3-23
Major coast radio stations all over the world transmit，at regular intervals and in code，weather information for ships within range. Weather information consists of ten parts，of which ships usually make use of three，that is，warning，synoptic situation and forecast. With weather information，mariners are able to keep away from disastrous weather at sea and reduce the danger a great deal. As terrible weather is predicted，ships can take precautions beforehand，by delaying the voyage or seeking shelter in a safe place. If there is a high sea or a long swell，they can take some measures to safeguard the cargo and the ship.主要海岸电台所有发送世界各地，定期和代码，天气范围内的船舶信息。天气信息由十部分，其中，利用船只通常使用三个，即警告，天气形势和预测。与天气信息，航海能够避开灾害性天气，海上和减少危险很大。由于恶劣的天气预测，船舶可以未雨绸缪，通过延迟的航程或寻求在安全地方暂避。如果有一个或长高海膨胀，他们可以采取一些措施，
以保障货物和船舶。
B 089.Coast radio stations generally provide weather information for ships _______.海岸电台一般通过…向船舶提供天气信息
A. in code
B. in a certain language 用特定语言
C. in written form
D. by mail
A 090.According to this passage，the weather information usually will not tell in advance the mariners about
_______.通过文章，天气信息通常不会提前通知海员们…
A. a long swell长膨胀
B. a high sea高海（A,B貌似都提到了。莫非双选？）
C .forecast winds
D. ETA of their ship at the destination
B 091.Of the following，______ is not the way for ships to keep away from bad weather.下列方式，哪个不可以远离坏天气
A. delaying voyage
B. staying in port 停在港口
C. speeding up
D. pumping out ballast water
D 092.______ parts of Weather Information are usually not used by mariners. 天气信息的…不会被海员所用
A. 10
B. 3
C. 7
D. 13（不详之数？？迷信…）
Passage 3-24
At about 0355，the second mate ended his radio conversation and went to the chart table to write up the log. With the second mate apparently busy，the seaman on watch attempted to identify the lights on the other vessel. When he returned to the bridge front，he suddenly saw a mast，with lights on it，passing extremely close to the starboard side and called out in alarm to the second mate. The second mate immediately engaged manual steering and applied 15°of port rudder. The seaman went to the starboard bridge wing from where he saw a vessel about two ship lengths astern. The second mate and the seaman had apparently not heard or felt any impact and they assumed that the other vessel had passed clear. The second mate heard the fishing vessel's calls to the ship on VHF，but he did not acknowledge them. He also heard its communications with Brisbane Radio，but he did not respond. About 0750，the agent of the ship had been informed by the Brisbane harbour master that the ship had been in a collision with the fishing vessel.昨晚约0355，二副结束了他的广播谈话，并到图表表写了日志。随着二副显然忙，值班的船员试图找出其他船只上的灯光。当他回到桥前，他突然看见一个桅杆，上面的灯光，传递非常接近右舷，并呼吁在恐慌二副了。二副立即就业指导手册和应用港口舵15°。海员去了右舷桥翼从那里他看到了一个长度约二船船尾的船只。二副和水手显然没有听到或感觉到任何影响，他们假设其他船只已经过去了清楚。二副听取了渔船的要求，在船舶甚高频，但他不承认他们。他还听取了布里斯班电台的通讯，但他没有回应。关于0750，该船舶代理已获悉的布里斯班港务，船舶已在与渔船碰撞了。
B 093.There were _______ persons on the bridge when the accident occurred. 当事故反生时桥上有…个人
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
B 094.It is inferred that the 2/O was _______ when the close quarter situation was developing.据推断当近距离形势发展，2/0是因为…
A. talking over VHF with the fishing ship
B. not keeping a proper lookout，and allowed himself to be distracted by his radio conversation with his
friend不保持适当瞭望，让自己分心和朋友用电台谈话
C. engaging himself in other things which are more urgent at the moment
D. keeping a proper lookout but failed to identify the fishing ship
C 095.It can be concluded that ______.可以得出以下结论…
A. the two ships did not collided each other
B. the two ships collided each other，but none of them acknowledged the accident
C. only the fishing ship acknowledged the accident at the moment在那一刻只有渔船承认事故
D. only the big ship acknowledged the accident at the moment
D 096.Of the following，______ is not likely to be the contributing factor of the accident.以下，…不可能是事故的引发原因
A. the second mate was not keeping a proper look out at the moment
B. the seaman did not report to 2/O what he saw
C. the fishing ship was not keeping a proper look out at the moment
D. in the night it was too dark or too difficult for the crew members to identify each other在晚上对于船员来说哦太难去发现对方
Passage 3-25
Charts should be used with prudence：there are areas where the source data are old，incomplete or of poor quality. The mariner should use the largest scale appropriate for his particular purpose；apart from being the most detailed，the larger scales are usually corrected first. When extensive new information (such as a new hydrographic survey) is received，some months must elapse before it can be fully incorporated in published charts. On small scale charts of ocean areas where hydrographic information is，in many cases，still sparse，charted shoals may be in error as regards position，least depth and extent. Undiscovered dangers may exist，particularly away from well-established routes.图表应采用谨慎：有一些领域，源数据是旧的，不完整或质量差。水手应该使用他的最大规模的特定目的适当;除了是最详细的，更大的规模通常是先纠正。当大量新的信息（如新的水文调查）被接受，必须经过数个月才能充分发表图表中。关于小规模的海洋区域图在水文信息是，在许多情况下，仍然稀疏，绘制滩涂可能是错误至于位置，最少深度和广度。未发现可能存在的危险，尤其是远离既定航线。
A 097.______are the most detailed….是最详细的
A. the larger scale charts大比例尺海图
B. the smaller scale charts
C. the charts covering the area where the source data are old，incomplete or of poor quality
D. the charts which are corrected to date
D 098.In the area ______the charted shoals are unlikely to be in error.在下列…地区显示出滩涂不太可能出错
A. where hydrographic information is still sparse
B. where the source data are old，incomplete or of poor quality
C. away from well-established routes
D. where new hydrographic survey information has just been incorporated in the charts刚刚被收入到海图中的新的水文调查资料
D 099.If the information provided by a chart covering an area where a new hydrographic survey has just been
carried out has still some error as regards position，least depth and extent of shoals，the most probable reason is that ______.如果海图中刚收录的新的水文调查资料显示已知地点仍出现错误，最少深度和滩涂程度，最有可能的原因是…
A. the survey did not discover the shoals there
B. the survey was incomplete or of poor quality
C. the survey was made away from well-established routes
D. the survey information has not yet been fully incorporated in the chart调查资料还没有被充分纳入海图A 100.This passage is most likely extracted from ______ of NM.这段话最有可能从NM的…中摘录
A. Section I - Explanatory Notes第一节注释
B. Section II - Updates to Standard Navigational Charts
C. Section III - Reprints of Radio Navigational Warnings
D. Section IV - Amendments to Admiralty Sailing Directions
Passage 3-26
The overall concept upon which the GMDSS is based is that all ships will carry an Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB). EPIRBs are designed to alert a shore Rescue Co-ordination Centre (RCC)，via a satellite link，in the event of an emergency. They can be operated both manually and automatically. They will also provide the identity and approximate position of the ship in distress. The RCC will then use modern communications to discover what ships are in the vicinity and marshal appropriate resources to provide assistance. For this purpose the GMDSS establishes Distress and Safety Communications which will be used by ships. These include VHF，MF，HF and satellite services. In addition，the GMDSS establishes broadcast systems for the transmission and automatic receipt of Maritime Safety Information (MSI). This includes Navigational Warnings，Meteorological Warnings，Meteorological Forecasts，Initial Distress Alerts and other urgent information.总体概念赖以为基础的GMDSS是，所有船舶将进行紧急位置指示无线电信标（应急无线电示位）。 EPIRBs旨在提醒岸救援协调中心（RCC），通过卫星链路，在发生紧急事件。它们可手动和自动。他们还将提供了遇险船舶的身份和大致位置。碾压混凝土将使用现代通讯发现什么附近的船只和元帅适当资源，提供援助。为此目的建立的GMDSS遇险和安全通信将由船舶使用。这些措施包括甚高频，中频，高频和卫星服务。此外，对GMDSS规定了传输和海上安全信息（MSI）自动接收广播系统。这包括航行警告，气象警报，气象预报，初始遇险警报和其它紧急信息。
A 101.In the event of an emergency，RCC will ______ appropriate resources in the vicinity to provide immediate
assistance.在紧急情况下，救援指挥中心将…用附近适当资源提供即时援助
A. arrange appropriate resources in the vicinity to provide assistance在附近安排适当的资源提供援助
B. try to prohibit ships in the vicinity from providing any assistance
C. investigate the case to see if it is necessary to provide assistance
D. communicate to the ship in distress all Navigational Warnings，Meteorological Warnings，Meteorological
Forecasts，Initial Distress Alerts and other urgent information
A 102.In an emergency case，which of the following relationships seems to be logical in the GMDSS
communication? ______在紧急情况下，下列GMDSS交流关系哪个是貌似符合逻辑的
A. Ship in distress / satellite / RCC / salving ship遇险-卫星-RCC-救援船
B. Satellite / RCC / ship in distress / salving ship
C. RCC /satellite /ship in distress / salving ship
D. Salving ship / RCC / satellite / ship in distress
A 103.Which of the following is not true concerning the advantages in using the GMDSS system? ______以下关
于使用GMDSS系统的优势描述，哪个是不正确的
A. The assistance in detail required by the ship in distress can be provided by EPIRB遇险船只提出详细救援可以通过EPIRB提供
B. The identity of the ship in distress will be provided by EPIRB
C. Appropriate arrangements can be made to assist the ship in distress
D. The approximate position of the ship in distress will be provided by RCC to all ships in vicinity
C 104.Which of the following is true concerning the use of GMDSS? ______下列观月GMDSS使用的说法哪个是正确的
A. In the Distress and Safety Communications，VHF，MF and HF are prohibited.
B. GMDSS can only receive Distress and Safety information，but not transmit any information to other
mobile stations or stations ashore
C. Navigational Warnings，Meteorological Warnings，Meteorological Forecasts and Initial Distress Alerts are
considered to be Maritime Safety Information 航海警报，气象预警，天气预报和遇险警报被认为是航海安全信息
D. EPIRBs can only be operated manually
Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.
Unit5 Beyond Babies不要孩子 在雅典市中心繁华的柯诺那基广场的时尚的初音岛咖啡店里，三十多岁或四十出头的希腊语专业人员沉浸在冰卡布奇诺咖啡里，过奢侈的生活。他们最喜欢谈论的话题是，当然，关系：男子不愿承诺，女性的独立，何时有孩子，或者说，逐渐是否有他们所有。“随着时间的推移，我有一个孩子的机会越来越小，37岁的行政助理美联社新闻社说。“但我不会只是因为要一个孩子而嫁给任何人。”她热爱她的工作，并从她那些紧密团结、志同道合的朋友那里得到她的社会支持，对于希腊年轻人来说，这些朋友渐渐充当了家人的角色。“如果在45岁，我仍然膝下无子，我会考虑要一个自己的孩子，”她说。但这并不意味着她个人成就取决于它。 在几十年前，Petropoulou和她的朋友们可能已经被认为是，嗯，奇怪的。希腊被称为欧洲最传统的社会，在那里东正教的对于结婚和繁衍的严格戒律当道。.强大的社会和宗教禁忌的标记是像不能怀孕的老处女一样的妇女无子，和对中年男子性偏好单一的怀疑。渐渐地，在一代人期间，由于诸多因素，包括女性接受更好的教育和就业选择以及希腊融入欧盟的主流文化，那种严格的社会限制基本上已经消失了。结果是：结婚率低于欧盟的平均水平，并在每名妇女生育平均为1.3，是世界上最低的生育率。这样的年轻希腊人，如果时间恰当拥有孩子是不错的。但他们肯定不是必不可少的。 在希腊，和世界上大部分地区，在激增的人口数下，有孩子们不再是一个想当然的事情。“在许多社会里从未有过无子女的女性和男性是合法的现象。”，研究在伦敦经济学院研究此现象的凯瑟琳哈基姆说。在像瑞士和新加坡、加拿大和韩国这类迥异国度中发生了急剧的社会变迁，年轻人把生育推迟到30好几，甚
human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of
Passage 3-01 Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. By1100 hrs, for 3rd shift (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day. Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours 1100 to 1200 hrs and 1830 to 1930 hrs. unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours. 劳工应责令0900小时第二轮班同一天（1500至2300年时）小时和1300第一班的第二天（0700至1500小时）小时。 By1100小时，第三转变同一天（2300至0500小时）。 在正常情况下，没有工作是执行在用膳时间1100至1200年和1830年至1930年小时小时。除非该船舶被列为重点船舶或者其代理人的订单时，才会在用餐时间的工作。 C 001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by ________ .如果你想在这个港同日第三班劳动，顺序应该是在… A. any time任意时间 B. 0900 hours C. 1100 hours D. 1300 hours B 002.________is performed during meal hours under usual circumstances. 正常情况下，…会被安排在用餐时间工作 A. Cargo work货物装卸 B. No cargo work不进行货物装卸 C. Ordering work by Agent代理所下的订单工作 D. loading and discharging 装卸 A 003. Loading and discharging can be performed during meal hours _____ A. if the ship is classified as a key vessel 该船为重要船只 B. if agent orders work beforehand 代理预先有所要求 C. under normal circumstances 在正常情况下 D. either A or B A或者B C 004. What does the word “key” mean ________? A. laden满载的 B. small小的 C. pivotal重要的 D. big大的 Passage 3-02 Before arrival in the United Kingdom, the master will have informed his owners or agents of the approximate time of the vessel's arrival at the pilot station for the port of destination. The vessel should be flying her ensign and also her signal letters and the requisite pilot signal when approaching the pilot station. The international signals, as well as any local port signals, can be found in the Sailing Directions, which is also known as the "Pilot Book" When a pilot is required most ports now require due notice of the vessel's ETA to be sent in by radio. However, this does not relieve the ship's obligation to display the pilot signal ("G" by any of the methods of signaling ) until the pilot is aboard when "H" flag will be flown. If the master or first mate of the vessel has a pilotage certificate for the district then the above is unnecessary, in such case the pilot flag (white and red horizontal halves, as on the pilot vessel) will be flown. 在到达英国之前，船长会在引航站通知他的业主或代理到达目的港的大致时间。船舶应该在靠近引航站时升起船旗和她的信号字以及必要的控制信号。国际信号，以及本地港口的任何信号，都可以在航路指南也叫做水路指南的书中找到。大多数港口现在需要引航员通过无线电适时通知其船只的预计到达时间。但是，只有当引航员在甲板上升起H旗才算是免除船舶显示控制信号的义务（“G“的通过对信号的方法之一）。如果该船只的船长或大副有一个该区的引航证，则不需要进行上述行为。在这种情况下，将需升起引航旗。 B 005. While the pilot is on ship, ________should be displayed on the top of the ship mast. 当引航员在船上，…需要展示在船桅顶端 (1) "G" flag G旗(2) "H" flag H旗 A. only (1) 只有（1） B. only (2) 只有（2） C. both (1) and (2) （1）以及（2） D. (1) plus (2) （1）加上（2） A 006. What's the meaning of the "ETA"________ ETA的意思是…. A. Estimated time of Arrival 预计到达时间
Text 1. Do we need extra vitamins? Many people believe that taking vitamin supplements is the best safeguard（保护、保卫）against the dangers of an incomplete diet, but this should be ①a last resort (最后手段)rather than a way out of a problem. Even if there is a genuine（真实的，真正的；诚恳的）need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises（出现；发生；站立）"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There is really no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee guardians②保护者of our laws on food purity, labelling（标记，贴标签；标明）and advertising clams（保持沉默，闭嘴不言）and descriptions) suggest in their recent report to the government that we do not need any extra vitamins. They say that they are "not necessary for a healthy individual个人的；个别的； 独特的 个人，个体eating a normal diet". Whilst同时；时时，有时；当… 的时候few of us would challenge their authority on the subject of nutrition it is, perhaps, pertinent相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的to ask the question "how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet? "There is an element of doubt in many minds about these two aspects方面；方向；形势；外貌and though few people are familiar熟悉的；常见的；亲近的with the wording措辞；用语；语法of the
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit
1.答案：D 下列哪种信号在救生艇上不配备？自动点火信号 2.答案：A 根据国际海事组织规则，反光带应该安放在救生艇外面 3.答案：D 下面哪一个在在救生筏上不需要---救生圈 4.答案：C 全封闭式救生艇的安全带已经检查过了吗？ 5.答案：C 防火救生艇被发现是良好的 6.答案：B 我们每三个月测试防火救生艇的喷水防火系统，连同弃船训练。 7.答案：D 你的救生艇配备有锚爪拉索吗？ 8.答案：C 在静水压力释放器上涂漆是被禁止的，因为它将会减弱灵敏度 9.答案：C 二氧化碳室的钥匙放在哪里？位于临近房间的“击碎玻璃”面卡的惹人注意的的墙壁上 10.答案：A 消防员装备由安全灯，防护衣，钢盔，呼吸器组成。 11.答案：C 关于莫卡托投影下面哪项不正确，它总是能提供真实的距离 12.答案：B 为什么在莫卡托海图上距离总是由最近的比例测量，因为它与每个纬度成比例 13.答案：A 什么是航向？航向是船舶指示的方向 14.答案：D 在北纬60度15分经度是多长？7.5海里 15.答案：C 关于磁罗经下面哪项是不正确的？磁罗经总是放在刚性结构里面 16.答案：C 关于旋转罗盘的用途下面哪项正确？旋转罗盘需要经常被核查 17答案：D 什么会影响回声探测仪的精度？水的温度和密度. 18.答案：A 当回声探测仪使用于一层淡水位于高密度海水之上的河口时将发生什么？ 出现散射层 19.答案：D 关于GPS的用途，下列哪项是不正确的？GPS能在任何条件下提供实时 的位置 20.答案：A 毫无疑问雷达是一种非常重要的助航设备。但是值班驾驶员在使用的时 候应该注意到他的距离读 21.答案：D 关于雷达信标，下列哪项是不正确的？雷达信标能用来取代雷达 22.答案：D 雷达信标能帮助做什么？识别航标。 23.答案：B 电子海图和信息显示系统用来做什么？电子海图显示和信息系统 24.答案：C 航标协会浮标系统分为两类：侧标系统和界标系统 25.答案：B 侧标系统用于限制水道例如浮筒航道 26.答案：A 在侧面左手标，当从海上驶向岸时绿色浮标保持在右舷，红色在左舷 27.答案：D 关于分道通航制下列哪项是不正确的？当在分道通航制区域改变一般交 通规则 28.答案：C 你怎样进行移线定位？隔段时间获取一次陆标方位并且隔段时间测量所 走的距离 29.答案：C 在分道通航制区域谁有优先权？左舷来的船 30.答案：A 在欧洲，当驶向沿岸时将会看到航标协会右舷指示侧标是什么颜色？绿色 31.答案：D 当潮汐使海水每天升降两次形成流或者潮流，形成一种结果是流，或者形 成潮流 32.答案：C 当回落的时候，潮流将会有一段时间很小或者几乎没有。这叫做平潮 33.答案：B 两个高潮之间的平均时间是12小时25分钟，因为这个时候发生在月亮在 地球对面 34.答案：C 什么是潮高？最低天文潮上的水位 35.答案：A 正确使用VHF16频道和工作频道的方法是什么？在16频道上船舶能呼叫 其他的船，但是需要尽快的移动到工作频道
必修二 Unit1 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀厅Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. 弗雷德里克?威廉?我,普鲁士国王,从未想像过这恩赐与俄罗斯人会令人惊喜的历史。这个礼物,琥珀屋的,赐给这个名字,因为好几吨的琥珀被用来制造它。琥珀被选有一个美丽的黄棕色的颜色就像蜂蜜。房间的设计是别致的流行的日子。这也是一种珍惜用金子来装饰和珠宝,将国家的最好的艺术家们大约10年了。 In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. 事实上,这个房间没有是作为礼物送人的。它是设计出用于弗雷德里克的宫殿。然而,普鲁士的下一任国王弗雷德里克威廉?我、就是琥珀属于,决定不去保持它。在1716他给了彼得最重要的东西。作为回报,沙皇送给他一群他最好的士兵。所以琥珀房成了沙皇的一部分在圣彼得堡冬宫。大约四米长,房间作为一个小接待大厅为重要的游客。 Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. 后来,凯瑟琳二世琥珀屋的搬到一座宫殿外面圣彼得堡她在她的夏天。她告
Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。
Unit1如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯 1.在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。 2.优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。 3.如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。 4.语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。 5.准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想象。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。 6.另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 7.恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。 8.优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。 9.在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、
新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？” 3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。
Unit 1 The Texts: Piracy in the Twenty-First Century 参考译文： 二十一世纪的盗版现象 课文一 现代社会依赖于技术创新，而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障。越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，实行知识产权保护。但这方面做得还远远不够。我们来回顾一下过去，看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果，从而吸取教训。 Reading B As many Western companies once discovered to their cost, investing in Southeast Asia before the advent of secure intellectual property rights was an expensive proposition. To enter these markets, Western companies had to disclose to authorities details not only of their products, but also of the processes whereby their products were created. The result, all too often, was rapid and blatant copying of goods which were not protected against copyright abuse of this kind. 参考译文： 许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现，知识产权保障机制还未健全时，在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。要进入这些市场，西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品，而且还要说明他们产品的制作过程。而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。