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2010年高考英语第二轮复习考案-非谓语动词和独立主格结构

2010高考二轮复习英语考案

专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构

【专题考案】1. I’m thirsty. Will you get me something ____?

A. drink

B. to drink

C. eat

D. eating

2. How long did you spend ____ your new house yesterday?

A. to decorate

B. decorate

C. decorating

D. decorated

3. It was great fun _____ a picnic on the hill.

A. to have

B. of having

C. have

D. had

4. ----Lily, keep the window ____. The sandstorm hasn’t stopped yet. ----OK, I’ll do that.

A. close

B. closed

C. open

D. opened

5. A pol iceman saw two thieves ____ a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.

A. to steal

B. stealing

C. stole

D. stolen

6. It’s bad for your eyes ____ computer games for a long time.

A. plays

B. to play

C. play

D. played

7. The scientist suggested ____ the experiment in a different way.

A. do

B. to do

C. doing

D. done

8. --Do you often hear John ___ in his room? --Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him ___ in his room.

A. sing; to sing

B. singing; singing

C. sing; singing

D. to sing; singing

9. The headmaster’s words are quite _____.

A. encouraged

B. encouragement

C. encouraging

D. encourage

10. Why not ____?

A. let him to go home

B. to let him go home

C. let him go home

D. to let him to go home

11. They were made ____ fourteen hours a day.

A. work

B. working

C. worked

D. to work

12. Is it always easier ____ friends than to keep them?

A. making

B. make

C. to make

D. made

13. He stood there for two hours ____ the game.

A. watched

B. watching

C. is watching

D. was watching

14. It ____ Jack twenty minutes ____ the math problem yesterday.

A. took; to work out

B. takes; worked out

C. has taken; work out

D. is taking; working out

15. When you leave, don’t forget ____ off the light.

A. to turn

B. turning

C. turn

D. turned

16. Who do you think you’d like ____?

A. to make friends

B. make friends

C. to make friends with

D. make friends with

17. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries ____ it too often.

A. to eat

B. not eat

C. to not eat

D. not to eat

18. --Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?

--This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework ____ this Sunday.

A. to do

B. done

C. do

D. to be done

19. Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning.

A. to write

B. to write with

C. writing

D. writing with

20. John asked David how ____ Christmas.

A. celebrating

B. to celebrate

C. to be celebrated

D. celebrate

21. --Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall “NO ____”.

--Oh, I’m sorry. I’ll never do it again.

A. PARKED

B. SMOKE

C. SPITTING

D. SMOKED

22. ----Boys and girls, will you please ____ the park this afternoon? ----OK.

A. not cleaning out

B. not to clean out

C. to clean up

D. clean up

23. Do you practice ______ English every morning?

A. speak

B. to speak

C. speaking

D. spoken

24. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ____ the earth away.

A. blow

B. blowing

C. blew

D. to blow

25. We all considered Mr Zhao ____ teacher.

A. be the best

B. to be the best

C. being best

D. being the best

26. My sister used to be fond of ____ table tennis.

A. play

B. played

C. playing

D. to play

27. How about ____?

A. to go out for a walk

B. go swimming in the river

C. visiting the sick children in the hospital

D. to having lunch in the restaurant

28. It’s very kind ____ you to ____ me ____ the heavy bag.

A. for; tell; to take

B. of; thank; for

C. to; speak; to have

D. of; help; carry

29. Have you decided ____?

A. to go with whom

B. whom to go with

C. whom go with

D. with whom to go

30. Her hope ____ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.

A. to win

B. is to win

C. winning

D. will win

31. The meeting room is big enough ____ one hundred people.

A. holding

B. hold

C. to hold

D. holds

32. Would you please pass me the knife ____?

A. to cut the watermelon with

B. to cut the watermelon

C. cutting the watermelon

D. cutting the watermelon with

33. It is better to teach a man to fish than ____ him fish.

A. giving

B. to give

C. gives

D. gave

34. Jenny is interested in ____ in her free time.

A. listened to the radio

B. reading magazines

C. watch TV

D. plays tennis

35. The policeman warned the young man____ after drinking.

A. never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never drive

36. What do you think is the best way ____the wild animals?

A. protecting

B. to protect

C. protected

D. protect

37. I’d rather ____ on the land ____ in a factory.

A. work; than work

B. work; work

C. to work; than to work

D. to work; to work

38. My grandfather is used ____ a hat in winter.

A. to wear

B. for wearing

C. wearing

D. to wearing

39. She is ____with her mother this afternoon.

A. going to shopping

B. going shopping

C. going to be shopping

D. go to shop

40. The result of the game is ____.

A. frustrate

B. frustrating

C. frustrated

D. frustrates

41. I’m sorry ____ you enough help.

A. have given

B. of not giving

C. not to have given

D. to have given

42. Her brother was ____ at her words.

A. annoy

B. annoying

C. annoyed

D.being annoying

43. After the earthquake, almost all the windows are ____.

A. break

B. broke

C. broken

D. breaking

44. They are looking forward to ____ all over the world.

A. travel

B. traveled

C. traveling

D. be traveled

45. Would you mind ____ because there’re so m any children ____ here?

A. smoke; play

B. smoking; playing

C. not smoking; play

D. not smoking; playing

46. Some students from Grade 9 ____ do some ____ for the old.

A. volunteered to; clean

B. volunteered; cleaning

C. volunteered to; cleaning

D. volunteered; clean

47. ____ English is much easier than speaking it.

A. Read

B. To read

C. Reading

D. Reads

48. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.

A. to draw

B. to drawing

C. draw

D. drew

49. When he was in the office, he preferred ____ something ____ nothing.

A. to do; than do

B. to do; rather than

C. doing; rather than doing

D. doing; to doing

50. It’s too hot today. Why not ____ your coat?

A. taken off

B. to take off

C. take off

D. taking off

51. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____.

A. to repair bicycles

B. bicycles to be repaired

C. bicycles being repaired

D. repairing bicycles

52. --- Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?

--- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.

A. to change; to be

B. to change; being

C. changing; being

D. changing; to be

53. The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog.

A. to train properly

B. being trained properly

C. properly to train

D. trained properly

54. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.

A. Having stolen

B. Having been stolen

C. Stolen

D. Stealing

55. ___ the front door ___, he had to enter the room through the back door.

A. Seen; painted

B. Seeing; painted

C. Being seen; being painted

D. Seeing; being painted

56. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

A. having lost

B. losing

C. to be lost

D. lost

57. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put

B. to be putting

C. to put

D. putting

58. To answer correctly is more important than _____.

A. that you finish quickly

B. finishing quickly

C. to finish quickly

D. finish quickly

59. The old farmer, _____ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help.

A. supporting

B. having supported

C. being supported by

D. being supported

60. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _____ a new milestone in the history of mankind.

A. it marked

B. marking

C. marked

D. to mark

61. It was getting dark; I found a car _____ in a pool by the side of the road.

A. to be stuck

B. stuck

C. sticking

D. stick

62. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have _____ the problem _____.

A. to solve; being talked about

B. solving; discussing

C. to solve; to talk about

D. solving; being discussed

63. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.

A. to have discovered

B. to have been discovered

C. to discover

D. having been discovered

64. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.

A. breaking; running

B. broken; running

C. breaking; run

D. broken; run

65. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _____ on the screen.

A. to fix

B. to be fixed

C. fixed

D. fixing

66. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then so that I can know how everyone is getting along.

A. having heard

B. to hear

C. hearing

D. being heard

67. _____, the subject was always in my mind.

A. Walking or sleeping

B. Walking or slept

C. Having walked or slept

D. To walk and sleep

68. --- Did you get a dictionary?

--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.

A. tried; to be left

B. had tried to; leaving

C. tried to; left

D. had tried; have left

69. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.

A. to sit; tying

B. sitting; tying

C. seating; tied

D. seated; tied

70. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.

A. to laugh; hearing

B. laughing; heard

C. laughing; hear

D. laughed; heard

71. All of the flowers now _____ here have developed from those once _____ in the forest.

A. raised; grown

B. rising; growing

C. raised; growing

D. rising; grown

72. Henry can’t attend the party _____ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the

speech at the party _____ at Marie’s house tomorrow.

A. held; being held

B. to be held; to be held

C. to be held; held

D. being held; to be held

73. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.

A. prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. having prepared

74. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.

A. typed; send

B. to type; to send

C. type; send

D. typed; to send

75. The sun was shining brightly, _____ everything there _____ more beautiful.

A. making; look

B. to make; looked

C. and made; looking

D. and making; be looked

76. How could he get the plan _____ without any one to support him?

A. to carry out

B. carry out

C. carrying out

D. carried out

77. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.

A. being fully accepting

B. fully accepting

C. having fully accepted

D. fully accepted

78. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.

A. taking

B. taken

C. take

D. to be taken

79. I’m examining the article he has just finished _____ the possible mistakes in it.

A. being corrected

B. to correct

C. corrected

D. having corrected

80. _____ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.

A. We did not make

B. Having not made

C. We had not made

D. Not having made

81. We should prevent such a silly mistake _____ again.

A. occurring

B. to occur

C. to be occurred

D. from being occurred

82. I regret _____ hard at school, or I would have succeeded in passing the exam.

A. not to work

B. having not worked

C. to have not worked

D. not having worked

83. They looked forward with hope _____ a chance to receive further education.

A. for getting

B. of getting

C. to get

D. to getting

84. “Well, I’ll tell you a secret ...” said the boy, with his mouth almo st _____ my ear.

A. touched

B. touching

C. touch

D. to touch

85. Towards evening, the patient opened his mouth as if _____ something to his son.

A. said

B. say

C. to say

D. to have said

86. --- Would you be _____ lend me your bicycle?

--- Sure.

A. so kind as to

B. kind enough as to

C. very kind to

D. so kind to

87. The beach is so beautiful that it is worthwhile, I think, _____ for a short holiday.

A. of going

B. to be going

C. your going

D. you to go

88. The teacher asked more _____ to prevent the students’ eyes from being injured.

A. to do

B. done

C. to be done

D. being done

89. Some of the schools in Shanghai have moved one step closer to _____ with the global education community.

A. being connected

B. connect

C. having connected

D. be connected

90. The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, however.

A. had intended

B. intended

C. being intended

D. to intend

91. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.

A. Tiring; to admire

B. Being tired; admiring

C. Tired; to admire

D. Tired; admiring

92. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.

A. completed; lighted

B. completing; lighting

C. completing; lighted

D. completed; lighting

93. --- I hear Warren _____ in a middle school.

--- What? I can’t imagine him _____ as a teacher.

A. teaches; working

B. teaches; work

C. teach; to work

D. teach; working

94. ____ he’s only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well.

A. Considered

B. Considering

C. Having considered

D. To consider

95. It was _____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.

A. to have played

B. playing

C. played

D. having played

96. At no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, for she is always too busy _____ a good rest.

A. to take

B. taking

C. took

D. taken

97. _____ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.

A. Mary was chosen

B. Mary chosen

C. Mary being chosen

D. Mary’s being chosen

98. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ to death.

A. Seeing; frightened

B. Seeing; frightening

C. Seen; frighten

D. To see; frightening

99. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised

B. advertised

C. advertise

D. advertising

100. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.

A. to do

B. to have done

C. to be doing

D. to have been doing

101. The weather ___ fine, they decided to go out for a walk.

A. were

B. was

C. is

D. being

102.The composition given by the teacher___ , Alice went to watch TV.

A. being done well

B. has been done well

C. having done well

D. done well

103. The last plane___ , they had to stay in the hotel for another night.

A. left

B. having left

C. having been left

D. be leaving

104. It is a beautiful village with a mountain____ it.

A. Surrounded

B. surrounding

C. having surrounded

D. having been surrounded

105. Everything___ into consideration, his work is well done.

A. taking

B. taken

C. has been taken

D. being taken

106. All his work___, he left his office at ease.

A. finished

B. had been finished

C. finishing

D. to finish

107. The power station was built on the river with our village and some others___ with electricit y.

A. to supply

B. supplied

C. supplying

D. having supplied

108. ____five minutes____ before the last train left, we arrived at the station.

A. There being; to go

B. It was; left

C. It had; left

D. There was; to go

109. Christmas____, the family was full of excitement.

A. was then only days away

B. were then only days away

C. then only days away

D. having been then only days away

110. They first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details ____later

A. to work it out

B. having been worked out

C. to be worked out

D. being worked out

111. The purse_____, they went to the police.

A. not yet found

B. hasn’t been found

C. being not found

D. not having yet found

112. They sat in the room with the curtains_____.

A. drawing

B. having been drawn

C. drawn

D. being drawn

113. Cars_____, they were punished by the police.

A. parking illegally

B. parked illegally

C. being parked illegally

D. having parked illegally

114. Mr. Smith stood beside the window, his attention ____ the car outside.

A. focus on

B. focusing upon

C. focused on

D. been focused on

115. There____, we left.

A. being nothing else to do

B. is nothing else to do

C. was nothing else to do

D. having nothing else to do

参考答案

1--5 BCABB 6--0 BCCCC 11--15 DCBAA 16—20 CDABB 21—25 CDCBB 26—30 CCDBB

31—35 CABBA 36—40BADBB 41—45 CCCCD 46—50CCADC 51-55 CDDAD 56-60 DDCAB

61-65 BDABC 66-70 CACDB 71-75 CDCDA 76-80 DDBBD 81-85 ADDBC 86-90 ACCAB 91-95 CDABB 96-100 ADABB 101-105 DDBBB 106-110 ABACC 111-115 ACBCA

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独立主格结构练习一 1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D.There were 2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting 3._____, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5. ____, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 7. ____, the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on 8. _____, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost 9. I used to sleep with the window _____. A. opened B. open C. opening D to open 10. ____, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 13. He stood there silently, his lips_____. A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembling 14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.

5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解

英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3)Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +V erb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词) 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

独立主格用法详解

一、 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点: (1)结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 (2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、 英语中,的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成。 1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如: A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。 2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如: The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。 3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如: His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。 4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如: The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。 5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如: The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。 6. Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、 在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1.作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后,学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后,比赛开始了。 2.作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话,我们就去划船。

非谓语动词独立主格结构

2010届高考二轮复习英语教案 专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构 【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语;2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词; 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,且意义不同的动词或短语; 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别; 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别; 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别; 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语; 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式;10.独立主格结构在句中作状语; 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握:非谓语动词的时态和语态;他们在英语句子中的作用;非谓语动词的基本用法和含义,非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分,比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等;掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析;掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。 对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式;在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。 【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词,是高中英语学习的难点,也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点,教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当,尤其是对以下要点的复习: 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别; 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式; 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法; 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语; 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语; 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语; 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语; 8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题; 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题;10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构;11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习,教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with 复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】非谓语动词用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、

高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格 一、独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”,是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实,所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。 1.名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2.名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。如果加上,这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3.名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books,the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon. 5.名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。 例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句。 6.名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。

非谓语动词,独立主格练习题

高一英语非谓语,独立主格专练 2018年3月 一,独立主格结构的特点:1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的现在分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是逻辑主谓关系;名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开;修饰整个句子,在句中位置灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末,常用作状语。二,注意事项:(1)独立主格转换成状语从句,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下课后,学生很快离开了课室。 (2)不能省略being (having been)的情形: 在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略。 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天,我们去做了礼拜。 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。

(3)在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。 Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。比较with 的复合结构。如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand. 1.There's a note (pin)to the door (say)when the shop will open again. 2.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths (lie)ahead of me. 3..-- Where is Tom I have something important to tell him. ―I last saw him (seat)in the library reading. 4.A terrible air crash accident happened over the Atlantic Ocean (kill)150 passengers. 5.Life is like riding a bicycle. (keep)your balance, you must keep moving. 6.Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they

(完整版)独立主格结构练习

独立主格结构练习 1. ___ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D.There were 2. _ , I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting 3. ____ , we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. __ , we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5. _ , the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, ___ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 7. _ , the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on 8. __ , I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost 9. I used to sleep with the window ___ . A. opened B. open C. opening D to open 10. _ , the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 11. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 12. With a lot of work __ , I have to sit up tonight. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 13. He stood there silently, his lips ___ . A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembling 14. __ , her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 15. ___ , we will surely succeed. A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helping 独立主格结构练习二 1. ______________________________________ The thief stood before the policeman, admitting what he had done. A.with his drooping head B.drooping his head C.raising his head D.with his head down 2. _________ ,he can't go out for a walk as usual.

高中英语复习-非谓语动词与独立主格结构(含答案)

非谓语动词与独立主格结构 非谓语动词分为三类:不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。其特点是: 1.不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分,但就是不能单独做谓语,这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。 2.它们具有各种形态:一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。 3.不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用,它们都具有动词的功能,但无语法上的动词性质,这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。 4.分词起形容词和副词作用,可做表语、定语、状语,但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。 一.不定式 1.完成式 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式. I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother). (比较: I am glad to see you.) He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have seen me.

2.进行式 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式. You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively. 3.完成进行式 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. 4.被动式 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 【例】Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看,全句的意思:“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家”,因此需要一个被动式做宾语,所以答案是D) is to be left。 (二)句法功能 1.不定式作主语 【例】It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”,答案是A)。

独立主格结构图表解析

独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点

1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时,being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。

四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常 作原因状语,有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下,我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系,它是分词的动作承受者,这一结构在句中作 时间状语,原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个,我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后,我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱,我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构

独立主格结构巩固练习

独立主格结构巩固练习 (答案写在完形passage25左侧,竖着写,方便改) 1. -They sat still in the room, ___. -Why did they do like that? A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 2. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ____ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 4. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _____ and his hands _____. A. close, tremble B. closed, trembling C. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 5. With nothing ____ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 6. Tom came home, ___. A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed him D. a dog was followed him 7. All flights_____ , we decided to take a greyhound(快速船). A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled 8. The production____ steadily,the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. A. has gone up B. is going up C. having gone up D. being gone up 9. (填空) All the guests ______ (seat), they began their dinner. 10. Not far from the school there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 独立主格结构巩固练习 (答案写在完形passage25左侧,竖着写,方便改) 1. -They sat still in the room, ___. -Why did they do like that? A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 2. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ____ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 4. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _____ and his hands _____. A. close, tremble B. closed, trembling C. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 5. With nothing ____ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 6. Tom came home, ___. A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed him D. a dog was followed him 7. All flights_____ , we decided to take a greyhound(快速船). A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled 8. The production____ steadily,the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. A. has gone up B. is going up C. having gone up D. being gone up 9. (填空) All the guests ______ (seat), they began their dinner. 10. Not far from the school there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 独立主格结构巩固练习 (答案写在完形passage25左侧,竖着写,方便改) 1. -They sat still in the room, ___. -Why did they do like that? A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 2. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ____ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 4. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _____ and his hands _____. A. close, tremble B. closed, trembling C. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 5. With nothing ____ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 6. Tom came home, ___. A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed him D. a dog was followed him 7. All flights_____ , we decided to take a greyhound(快速船). A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled 8. The production____ steadily,the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. A. has gone up B. is going up C. having gone up D. being gone up 9. (填空) All the guests ______ (seat), they began their dinner. 10. Not far from the school there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 独立主格结构巩固练习 (答案写在完形passage25左侧,竖着写,方便改) 1. -They sat still in the room, ___. -Why did they do like that? A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 2. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ____ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 4. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _____ and his hands _____. A. close, tremble B. closed, trembling C. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 5. With nothing ____ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 6. Tom came home, ___. A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed him D. a dog was followed him 7. All flights_____ , we decided to take a greyhound(快速船). A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled 8. The production____ steadily,the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. A. has gone up B. is going up C. having gone up D. being gone up 9. (填空) All the guests ______ (seat), they began their dinner. 10. Not far from the school there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson. A. its B. whose C. which D. that

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