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名校必备从高考英语增设听力测试所想到的

名校必备从高考英语增设听力测试所想到的
名校必备从高考英语增设听力测试所想到的

天兵下北荒,

胡马欲南饮。

横戈从百战,

直为衔恩甚。

握雪海上餐,

拂沙陇头寝。

何当破月氏,

然后方高枕

从高考英语增设听力测试所想到的

无锡市硕放中学邹东艺

2000年山西、吉林、江苏、浙江四省进行高考科目设置改革,

即“3+x”方案。考题突出能力,突出应用。为此,高考英语增加第一大题听力测试。我们江苏省选用的是听力部分占20分的试卷,这说明英语听的能力的重要性。许多研究语言学习的专家都对听力的重要性作过精辟的阐述,如James曾说:“若确有理解的优势,那么较早地将听力引入学习过程中会促发学习者的动机,使他们获得成功。Long也认为:“当学生的听力能力得以发展时,他们才能对其语言充满自信。”

由此可见,听力无论在语言习得方面,还是在促发学习动机和调动情感因素方面都占有重要的地位。然而在高中英语教学中,听力一直是一个比较薄弱的环节。在高考中增加听力测试并记入考生的成绩总分,是大势所趋,发展所需,也是由英语学习规律所决定的。

一、高考英语增加听力测试的必要性

加试听力,能带来许多好处。高考一是为了高校选拔学生,二是为了促进教学。高考是指挥棒,只有在高考中加进了听力,教师、学生才会真正重视对听力的训练。有人担心听力测试对农村地区,特别是一些贫困地区的学生不利。我认为不能因为这个原因就放弃听力测试。只有这样做了,农村地区的学校才会真正重视听力,聋哑英语的现象才会根本改变。目前农村地区的电教设备已有很大改变,录音机基本能普及到英语教师人手一台。但由于不考听力,这些设备束之高阁的现象或多或少地存在。一旦考了听力之后,这些设备就能被充分地利用起来。

二、高考英语增加听力测试的可能性

目前,很多人认为,听力测试实施起来难度较大,因为它涉及面广、工作量大,还存在一些突出问题(如:突然轧带怎么办)。但世上无难事,只怕有心人。只要我们多动脑,多研究,方法不是没有的。具体做法如下:由国家考试中心英语命题组负责把磁带录好,然后分发到各省(市),再由各省(市)分配到各县(市),由县(市)分发到各考点。在考英语之前应由专门人员对各考点考场的广播进行检查以达到

一定标准。在考听力时通过扩音机来播放。另外一种方法,当英语命题组把磁带录好后,把它交给中央人民广播电台保管。在考英语听力题时,由它来负责播放,各考点调好电台,仍由扩音机输出。这样看来在全国范围内同时考听力还是可以达到的。

三、听力培养

听力是领会语言含义的一种能力,听者要对听到的语言信号进行复杂的加工,使之成为于说话者的原意相符的信息保留在短时记忆中,这就要求听者具有一系列的听力训练。因此听力课教学首先应有计划、有步骤地对此加以训练,以提高学生听力技能。

1、语言知识的传授

首先,要认真教好音标,严格把好音标关。学好音标是学好英语的前提,音标基础的好坏决定了语音、语调的好坏。要使高中生人人打好语音基础,对提高学生的听力水平无疑会起到事半功倍之效。其次,要注意朗读技巧的训练、培养。教师在课堂上应有意识地传授诸如语句重音、节奏、音变、连读以及语调等知识,加强训练学生的朗读技巧。朗读技巧的培养和训练不是一朝一夕的事,无捷径可走,只有坚持不懈,持之以恒,才能逐步掌握英语的朗读技巧。

2、课堂用语

在英语课上老师应尽量坚持用英语授课。一开始有些学生可能听不大懂,但随着时间的推移,慢慢地他们会听得懂。因此,如果教师在备课时,有意识地注意使用课堂用语,并用学生已学的英语解释新的语言现象,学生不用增加负担,就可增加接触英语的机会。同时,老师也要鼓励学生在课上用英语回答问题,用英语交谈、讨论等,这在无形之中又给学生增加了一次锻炼的机会。

3、听说配合

让学生就所听句子,对话或短文回答问题。听说时要根据问句的不同疑问词来确定不同的听的重点:疑问词是Who,重点听有关人的内容;疑问词是When,着重听有关时间的词和短语。听完一段录音后,让学生作简略的口头回答。在此基础上,口头概括大意,鼓励使用简单句,以几句话说完为宜。

4、听写配合

听写是一种很好的训练方式。听写的内容可以是单词、句子或段落,也可以抽去一篇短文的某些关键词,要求学生根据录音边听边填充空格。听写时要注意提高学生听记的速度。听第一遍时可只记下每词的首字母,待听第二、第三遍时再补全单词或句子。但本人还是偏向于让学生把磁带上的每一个字都听写下来。具体做法是:给他们每人一盘磁带,让他们把磁带上的句子一个个写下来(所花时间不限,只要完

成)。一开始听完一盘磁带可能要花几个小时,到后来随着水平的增加,完成速度就可以比较快了。试想他们每句话都能写下,还怕啥听力题目?

五、听力技巧

影响学生理解的因素通常有两方面,一是知识性障碍,诸如对语音、语法知识掌握不够,对词汇不熟悉,跟不上语速,对英语国家的文化背景知识不了解等。二是非知识性障碍,诸如教学设备的质量问题和教师使用这些设备的熟练程度、教学气氛、学生的情感因素及听力理解的技能等。下面是学生听力测试时的一些注意事项:

1、做听力测试题时要保持良好的心理状态,集中精力倾听录音,沉着不乱,选择答案时要有信心,不要轻易改变第一选择。

2、拿到试卷后利用听之前的一两分钟,快速浏览问题和选项,这样可以从中得到一些有关信息。要对所要解答的问题作一定的预测,使自己在听之前就在心中设计了几种可能的情景,这样能够更准确地对内容进行理解。

3、不管是听对话还是听独白,注意力一定要集中在整体内容上。如果中途因某一地方未听清楚而卡住,应马上放弃,集中精力应付下一题,否则会因跟不上语速而漏听。

4、一个人的记忆力再好也不可能把所有的东西一下子记住,特别是听力测试属于瞬间记忆,所以要对一些数字、人名、地名等作些简单的符号或标记,对长句子作些简化记录,则可有效地帮助考生唤起记忆。

5、听短文时,要关注短文的开头句和结尾句。短文主题句一般都出现在材料段落的开头和结尾,它揭示整个语段讲什么,内容朝什么方面展开。同时,要抓住关键词,贯穿连词,有利于对语句的理解。

总之,学生听能的形成,靠教师平时授课时多使用英语,力求英语教学情景化。同时,适量地让学生听一些听力材料,听英语广播,看英语原版片等,以培养学生良好的听的习惯,结合说、读、写达到训练学生的听力理解能力的目的。

主要参考书目:

顾曰国《英语教学法》,外语教学与研究社

章兼中《外语教育学》,浙江教育出版社,1991年

《中小学英语教学与研究》,1999年第1,3,6期

《外语电化教学》1997年第1期

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高考试题精选句子 1. That is the reason why I’m not in favour of revising the plan. 2. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. 3. It is likely that it will rain in the evening. 4. How they went to America is what I want to know. 5. It occurred to him that he had left his key at home. 6. The reason why he came late was that he didn’t catch the early bus. 7. I’m looking forward to the day when Tai Wan returns to China. 8. He sat by the fire, reading a novel. 9. My dream came true at last. 10. It will not be long before we meet again. 11. The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. 12. I worked in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. 13. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he had seen her somewhere. 14. It is a great honor for Beijing that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. 15. Timmy was fined a large sum of money by the judge for drunken driving. 16. Although he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way. 17. Most hotels have websites where you can find answers to your questions. 18. That most of languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people. 19. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many people. 20. Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 21. It was only when I reread his poems recently that I begin to appreciate their beauty. 22. As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 23. They came to the conclusion that not all things can be done by a computer. 24. Smoking does great harm to our health. 25. Only then did he realize his mistakes. 26. Come and see me whenever you are convenient . 27. I thought Jim would say something about his school report , but he didn’t mention it . 28. By the end of last year , another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 29. when and where to go for the on—salary holiday has not been decided . 30. I wonder why Jenny hasn’t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now. 31. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year . 32. I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child . 33. Rainforests are being cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future . 34. It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment . 35. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.

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