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【打印版】中考英_代精讲精练(2012.12)

【打印版】中考英_代精讲精练(2012.12)
【打印版】中考英_代精讲精练(2012.12)

代词(Pronouns)

考纲精解

◆◆◆代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词。代词是历年中考必考的考点之一。

◆◆◆考试题型以单项填空、词形变化为主。

◆◆◆近几年中考命题中,对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词的主格和宾格,物主代词以及不定代

词的用法上。

知识梳理:

初中阶段学过六种代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。现列表如下:

1. 人称代词的用法

主格人称代词在句子中作主语,宾格人称代词作宾语。如:

Mr. Liu teaches us physics this term. He is a good teacher. We like him very much.

这个学期刘老师教我们物理。他是个好老师。我们非常喜欢他。

2. 物主代词的用法

形容词性物主代词只能用作定语修饰名词≥名词性物主代词不能与名词连用,可单独用作主语、宾语、表语等,名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:

My pencil is longer than yours (= your pencil). 我的铅笔比你的长。

Their classroom is bigger than ours (= our classroom).他们的教室比我们的大。

His bike is new. Mine (=My bike) is old.

3. 反身代词的用法

反身代词在句子中作宾语、表语、同位语,反身代词也有单、复数。

妙语巧记反身代词的构成:一二用物代,第三用宾代。即:第一、二人称的反身代词是用形容词性物主代词加self/ selves构成,第三人称的反身代词是用宾格代词加self/ selves构成。

反身代词用作宾语时,常用于下列搭配:

teach (sth.)oneself = learn (sth.) by oneself (自学),help oneself to … (随便吃… ) ,

enjoy oneself… (玩得愉快),dress oneself (自己穿衣),say to oneself (自言自语),

think to oneself (心里想),by oneself (独自),leave sb. by oneself (把某人独自留下),

see oneself in the mirror (照镜子)。

4. 不定代词是代词中最难掌握的一项,主要考查各自的意义、用法以及形容词修饰复合不定代词的后置情况。不定代词的两个特点:不定代词作主语时谓语用单数;形容词、动词不定式修饰时,要放在不定代词的后面。

(1)some,any的用法

some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但是在表示征求、对方意见的疑问句中经常用some。如:Jane has some toys,but Ann doesn't have any.詹妮有一些玩具,但是安妮一个也没有。If you have any questions.please out up your hands.如果你有任何问题,请举手。

Would you like some bread? 你想来些面包吗? May I have some milk? 我能要些牛奶吗?

(2)a little,little与a few,few的用法

a little,little修饰不可数名词,a few,few修饰可数名词,

little,few表示很少,几乎没有,表达否定意思。如:

They planted a few trees,but few of them are alive.他们种了几棵树,但没几棵成活的。

He asked me for a little ink,but I had little myself. 他们问我要些墨水,但我自己几乎都没有。(3)all和none的用法:,

all全部(三者或三者以上)。作主语时,谓语动词用复数; none没有一个人或物(三者或三者以上)。作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。all,none后面都可以跟介词of。

(4)none,no one,nobody的用法:

none指人或物,表示三者或三者以上都不,常与of连用。作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数都可以;no one与nobody只能指人,不能与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词只用单数;

They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了,但没有人想停下来歇一歇。

Nobody was at home yesterday.昨天没人在家。

(5) it和one的用法:

it一般用来指代前面提到过的那个人或物; one表示泛指,指前面提到过的那类人或物中的任何一个,其复数形式是ones。如:

Y our digital camera is quite nice.Where did you buy it?

I want to buy one,too.你的数码相机真漂亮,你在哪里买的,我也想买一个。

I have three skirts. One is red,the other two ones are black.

我有三条裙子。一条是红色的,另外两条是黑色的。

(6)both;either,neither的用法:

both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个) neither (两者都不)

掌握下列结构连接主语时谓语的情况:

both … and … +谓(复) 既…又…

either …or … +谓(就近原则) 或者……或者……,不是……就是…

neither ...nor ...+谓(就近原则) 既不……也不……

Both of them went out but neither came back.他们两个人都出去了,但一个也没回来。

There are many trees on both sides(either side) of the road.路的两旁有许多树。

Neither you nor I am from China.你和我都不是来自中国。

(7)each,every的用法:

each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every指两个以上的人或物中的一个,只能作定语,every后面不能跟of.

There are lots of books on the bookshelf,and each of them is interesting.书架上有许多书,每一本都有趣。

(8)复合不定代词的用法:

复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。something,somebody,someone用于肯定句,anything,anybody,anyone用于否定句,疑问句及条件状语从句。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在其后面。如:

Don't worry.There is nothing serious with your ears.别担心,你的耳朵没什么大碍。

(9)other,another,others,the other和the others的用法:

①other其余的,指不确定的别的人或物。不可单独使用,后面需加名词。如:

Other people went to the supermarket.其余的人去了超市。

I don't like the color of this jacket,please show me another (one).

我不喜欢这件夹克的颜色,给我拿一件别的(颜色的)看看。

②another三者或三者以上之中任意一个人或物。

another + 数词+ 复数名词= 数词+ more + 复数名词表示另外几个或再多几个。

③other + 复数名词= others 无明确范围情况下,指其余的。可以构成some …,others… 一些……,其余的…… 如:There are lots of people in the park,some are boating,some are dancing,and others are playing chess. 公园里有许多人,一些在划船,一些在跳舞,其余的在下棋。

④the other两者之中的另一个(特指剩下的那一个)。

可以构成搭配one…,the other …,“一个……,另一个…”

He has two sisters.One is a doctor,(and)the other is a teacher.他有两个姐姐。一个是医生,另一个是教师。

⑤the other+复数名词=the others,指总体除了一部分后,剩余的全部。谓语动词应为复数形式。如:There are ten cars,six(of them)are red,the others are black.10辆汽车中,6辆是红色的,其余的是黑色的。

1. She invited ____________ her birthday party. A.you and I B.I and you C.you and me Summary: 不同的人称合在一起使用时,一般排列为:两种或三种人称

单数出现并列情况时,顺序为第二人称+第三人称+第一人称: you and I;you and he;he and I;you,he and I。例如: Y ou,he and I can help them finish the work in time.

复数:we and you;we and they;you and they;we,you and they. 但在承认错误时,I常放在其他代词前面。

例如:1.I and she made the boy cry. __________must work hard and learn from each other.

A.I and you B.Y ou or I C.Me and you D.Y ou and I

2. ---- Who is that speaking? ---- ________________. A.I am Ann.B.It's Ann.C.This is Ann.Summary: 在一些特定的情景中,如打电话、敲门,说话双方都知道指代的是人时,常用it这个代词。

---“Who is _____?”----“____ me,Linda.” A. it,It B. it,He C. she,She D. It,it 3.----Who is the man over there? ----He is a friend of ________. A. I B. mine C. me Summary: 名词性物主代词常与of连用作定语,如: a friend of hers。双重所有格是指既有’s所有格又有of所有格的一种形式,如a friend of my father’s。

4. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than __________ in Liaoning. A.it B.one C.that

【答案】C 【解析】题目的意思是:“广东的天气比辽宁的天气要热一点。”同类物作比较,为避免重复,用that,those代替前面提到过的名词。如:.The roads in Guangzhou are busier than those in Changsha.

5. Mr. Zhang is quite busy today.He has _________ meetings to attend (出席,参加).

A.a few B.few C.a little

【答案】A【解析】此题的意思是“张先生今天很忙。他有一些会议要参加。”答案B(few)是指几乎没有,因为是很忙,、所以去除这个答案。而会议meeting是可数名词复数,所以只能选a few。

6. Please come in and make——at home,boys!

A. you

B. yourself C.yourselves D. yours

【答案】C【解析】此题的意思是“请进来吧,男孩子们,随便坐吧。”用了boys,所以应该是用复数,而make yourself at home是招呼客人时的礼貌用语。

7. She s aid she would live in London for ___________ four or five years.

A. other

B. another

C. the other

D. the others

【答案】B【解析】此题的意思是“她说她会在伦敦再待4或5年。”another four or five years表示另外4或5年或再多4或5年。

例3 I believe the author to be __________. A.he B·him C·his D·himself

答案为B. 【解析】该题中若人称代词作表语时用主格he,但作宾语补语则用宾格him。

例4 Y ou must take care _________________.

A. of yourself

B. for yourself

C. by yourself

D. to yourself

答案为A. 【解析】英语中of yourself表示自动,for oneself表示亲自,by oneself表示单独或独自,to oneself表示独享、专有。所以答案为A。

例5 I am afraid I can't make myself. A·understand B·to understand C·understood D·understanding 答案为C. 【解析】本句含被动之意,宾语补语应用过去分词。

(1) 不定代词a little,little, a few,few 的使用许多同学经常弄错,大家要从它们的词

义和所修饰的名词考虑。

There is _____ salt here. Go and buy some. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few [分析]:salt是不可数名词,故排除C、D,根据“go and buy some”可知道剩下只有很少的盐,故选B。

(2) it 与one易混淆。如:----Can I get you a drink?

---- That’s very nice of you. I’ve already got __________.

A. it

B. one

C. that

D. this

中考专题---代词精讲精练(答案与讲解)

1.Look at the photo.The girl beside____is Marry.

A.I

B.my

C.me

D.mine

2.I’m old enough to wash____clothes by myself.

Y ou can just wash____.

A.my,your

B.mine,yours

C.my,yours

D.your,my

3.I tried several jackets on,but_of them looked good.

A.both

B.either

C.none

D.neither

4.My aunt has two children.But____of them lives with her. A.each B.neither C.either D.both

5.On____sides of the street are a lot of colourful flowers. A.each B.both C.either D.all

6.Do you prefer milk or orange juice?

I don’t like____.I usually drink coffee.

A.other

B.another

C.neither

D.either

7.Who is singing in the classroom?

____must be Lily.

A.She

B.It

C.This

D.He

8.____school is much larger than___.

A.Our;your

B.Our;yours

C.Ours;yours

D.We;you

9.She is too busy to help us finish the work.

Let’s do it____.

A.herself

B.myself

C.ourselves

D.itself

10.Y esterday I saw____enjoy____in the park.

A.her;hers

B.they;them

C.she;herself

D.them;themselves

11.There is a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know____it is? A.what B.who C.whose D.whom

12.As students,we should always be ready to

help____whenever they are in trouble.

A.others

B.the other

C.the others

D.the other student

13.Y our digital watch is quite nice.Where did you buy____?I want to buy____,too.

A.one;one

B.it;it

C.it;one

D.one;it

14.Be quiet!I have___to tell you.

A.important anything

B.anything important

C.important something

D.something important

15.There is____knocking at the door.Go and see who it is. A.nobody B.somebody

C.anybody

D.everybody

16.How many of these books have you read?

____of them.Every one.

A.Many

B.Some

C.All

D.None

17.How many sheep have you seen on the hill?

___.

A.None

B.Nothing

C.No one

D.No

18.____have a lot of work to do.

A.He,you and I

B.Y ou,he and I

C.I,you and he

D.I,he and you

19.Where are you going to stay when you get to the town?

I may live____in a hotel____in a friend’s house. A.both;and B.either;or

C.neither;nor

D.between;and

20.Could you tell me____to do next?

Nothing more.Let’s have a rest.

A.what

B.when

C.why

D.how

21.____of us has an English-Chinese dictionary.

A.Every

B.Both

C.Each

D.All

22.I study____English____.

A.everyday;every day

B.every day; everyday

C.everyday; everyday

D.every day; every day

23.The cars made in Japan are cheaper than____made in America.

A.ones

B.those

C.that

D.it

24.Niu Y un,a Mongolian leader always thinks more of____than of____.

A.him;other

B.the other;him

C.himself;the other

D.others;himself

25.Li Ming is the only one____was born in 1990 in our class. A.that B.who C.whom D.be

【答案与讲解】:

1.C 介词beside后面应该用代词的宾格形式,“我”的宾格形式是me故选C

2.C 本题主要考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。第一个空后面有一个名词clothes,所以要用形容词性物主代词,第二个空后面没有名词,只能用名词性物主代词。

3.C 句意为“我试了几件夹克,但是没有一件合身的。”题干several表示三个或三个以上,一个也没有应用“none”,故选C

4.B 根据题意two children表示两者,四个选项都可以表示两者。each表示“两者或两者以上中的每一个”,both表示肯定“两者都”,either表示“两者中任何一个”,句中的but具有转折意义,应该选含有否定意义的词neither。

5.B 由sides为复数在本题中指街道的两旁可知应选B

6.D 本题考查不定代词的用法。上句为选择疑问句,根据答语drink coffee可知,上面问句中的两者都应被否定。又因答语为I don’t like,故不应再用neither,应填either 表示对两者全部否定。

7.B 表示不明身份的猜测用It must be…

8.B本句考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法,因为第一个空后面有名词school所以用形容词性物主代词,而第二个空后没有名词,故用名词性物主代词。9.C 句意为“她太忙了以至于不能帮助我们完成这项工作。---让我们自己做吧!”由

Let’s可知题干在强调“我们自己”,故选C

10.D 第一个空“看见某人”应用代词宾格形

式,第二个空为固定用法“enjoy onself”“玩

得高兴,过得愉快”,并在人称上保持一致。

故选D

11.C 由句意可知本题是在考查“谁的”,的

用法,而答案中只有“whose”是此意,故选

C

12.A本题没有指定(特定)的范围,故不

用the,other后面省略的是“处于困境中的”,

用省略形式others,故选A

13.C 在表示代替时,it指上文中出现的那

一个名词;one指代与上文名词一类的名词

之一;that指代与所对比部分一类的名词,

多用来代替不可数名词。根据题意可知第一

个空是指前句中的Y our digital watch,用it;

第二个空泛指一块数码手表,用one,故选

C

14.D 形容词修饰代词时要放在不定代词之

后,所以先排除A、C;又因为something用

在肯定句中,anything用在否定句中,故选

D

15.B 由下句“去看看是谁”可知“有人在敲

门”。somebody“有人”;nobody“没人”;

anybody“任何人”;every body“没人”。故选

B

16.C 由下句Every one.可知这些书每一本

都读过,所以只能用all

17.A本句提问的是“多少”,而回答用none,

“no one”只能回答“who”提出的问句,故选

A

18.B 当第一、第二、第三人称单数同时出

现时,顺序为you,he,and I即:2,3,1

19.B 下句句意“我或者住旅馆或者住朋友

家”可知应选B

20.A由下句Nothing more.可以推测出问句

问的是“下一步做什么”故选A

21.C every直接修饰名词,不能与of连用。

这句话强调“我们每一个人都有一本英汉词

典”,而each可以与of连用表示“每一”,

故选C

22.A句意为“我每天都学习英语日常用语”

所以第一个空应是“日常的”,第二个空应是

“每一天”

23.B cars是复数所以排除C、D;并且the

cars表示特指,所以又排除A,故选B

24.D others泛指他人,himself为反身代词,

指“他自己”

25.A当先行词为the only one时,引导词应

用that,故选A

【课后巩固作业】单项填空

( )1. Y ou may come to my home ___________ this week __________ next week.

A. neither; or

B. from; to

C. either; or D.either; nor

( )2. I don't think we c an do it all

____________. A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D. by yourselves

( )3. I don't want this shirt.Please show me

__________. A. others B. the other

C. another

D. the others

( )4. I can't repair the model plane

___________. Can you help _______?

A. me;me.

B. myself;myself

C. myself;me

D. me;myself

( )5. Does your father often wash clothes

__________?

A. he

B. himself

C. herself

D. him ( )6. We study Chinese,English,maths and some __________ subjects.

A.the other B.one C.other D.another ( )7. I have two brothers __________of them are doctors.

A. Both B.All C. Either D. Neither ( )8. The dictionary on the shelf is ________. She wrote ______ name on its cover.

A. Hers;.her;herself

B. Her;hers;herself

C. Herself;her;hers

D. Her;herself;herself ( )9. “Don't wor ry. There's _______much wrong With you.”said the doctor. A. nothing B. everything C. very D. something

( )10. These shoes are too small.Y ou may buy some __________ shoes.

A. another

B. other

C. the others

D. others ( )11. I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner but of them came.

A. both

B. either

C. neither

D. none ( )12. They are__________ the same size,so you may take _______ half of the cake.

A. at;each

B. in;both

C. at;neither

D. in;either

( )13. Betty and John have come back,but

_______students in the class aren’t here yet.

A. the other

B. the others

C. another

D. others

( )14. ________ is the population of Shandong Province?

A. How many

B. Which

C. How much

D. What

( )l5. She stayed there longer than .

A. anyone

B. anything else

C. anybody

D. anybody else

( )16. ----Is this her bike? ----No,it isn't. It’s

_______. A. mine B. my C. me D. he’s ( )17. ___________Li Ping's brother.

A.Her B. His C.He’s D.She’s ( )18. He is a boy. _______name is Wang Bing.

A.He B. His C.Her D.He’ s ( )19. ----What's this? --- _____________.

A. It's a bread

B. It is a bread

C.It's bread D. This's bread

( )20. The bowls are on the table. There are

some eggs in ________.

A. it

B. them

C. the

D. he ( )21. Let ________ have a look.

A. I

B. you

C. us

D. my ( )22. Mother often sees __________ on Sunday.

A. her all friends

B. a11 her friend

C. her friends

D. her all friend ( )23. When you see Tom and his sister,tell

_____that ____ mother is waiting at the gate.

A. his;his

B. her;hers

C. them;their

D. his;her

( )24. He wants you to talk _______ about

China. A. anything B. nothing C. thing

D. something

( )25. Granny seems ill. Are you sure it’s ____?

A. nothing serious

B. anything serious

C. serious anything

D. serious nothing ( )26. There are many people in the park, some are playing cards,some are dancing,and

___________ are taking a walk in it.

A. other peoples

B. the others

C. others

D. the other people ( )27. I have two uncles,one is a doctor and

is a teacher.A. the other B. another

C·other D. another one

( )28. _________ of us answered the phone,for we were all in the yard.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. An

D. None ( )29. -----How many monkeys are there in the cage left? ---- _________.

A. None

B. No one

C. Nothing

D. Not some

( )30. I had to buy ________these books because I didn't know which one was the best.

A. both

B. none

C. neither

D. all

( )31. ---- Be careful! Don't break the bottle.Do you hear ______ I said,David?

-----Y es,mum.

A.what B.that C.why D. if ( )32. May and her sister were on holiday with a cousin of ________.

A. her

B. hers

C. their

D. theirs ( )33. ----Where is my rubber?

---- Oh,I'm sorry. I have taken ____ by mistake,

A. your

B. yours

C. my

D. mine ( )34. The price of my computer is different from______________ of his.

A. one

B. it

C. that

D. this ( )35. There is ________ sugar here. Let's go and buy some.

A.a little B.1ittle C.few.D.a few

( )36. ---- Did you enjoy ___________ at the party last evening,Lily and Kate?

----- Y es. We really enjoyed _______.

A. you;us

B. ourselves;yourselves

C. yourself;ourselves

D. yourselves;ourselves ( )37. Do you know ______will give us a talk?

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. whose ( )38. There are two new dictionaries on the table.One is mine,and _______ is Li Tao's

A. other

B. another

C. the other

D. others ( )39 ----- Who is that speaking? ---- ____.

A. It's me

B. This is Mary.

C. I’m Mary

D. I am

( )40. __________ child is pleased, for______ of them has got his own share.

A. Every;each

B. Each;every

C. Every;every

D. Each;every one

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David

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