UNIT 1 A Brush With The Law
Background Information
1.Magistrates and the magistrate’s court
In England, a magistrate is a person appointed to try minor offences. He is either an unpaid layman 外行or, in London and some other large cities, a paid judicial司法officer.In England, every district has a magistrate’s court. It is the lowest court of law. The magistrates’ court can only try people for minor, i.e. not very serious offences. It cannot give prison sentences totaling more than 12 months, nor can it order fines of more than 400 pounds for one offence.
2.The sixties’ “youth counterculture”
The word ―counterculture‖ was coined in the 1960’s for the attitude and life style of many young people who rejected conventional social values and demanded more pers onal freedom. The counterculture first arose in the U. S. During the 1960’s and soon spread to Britain, France and other western countries. The young people were opposed to the Vietnam War and dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs in their society. Yet, unable to find a more constructive way of struggling against these, they indulged themselves in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music and took great pride in wearing long hair and unusual clothes and in taking up anything that was unconventional. The counterculture declined in the late 1970’s.
See the Hippies and the Beat Generation in Essentials of English Learning.
3.Middle class
In Britain, the middle class refers to the class of people between the nobility and the working class. It includes professional men (doctor, lawyers, and architects), bankers owners of business and small gentry. In the United States, however, the middle class refers to the class of people between the very wealthy class of unskilled laborers and unemployed people. It includes businessmen, professional people, office workers, many skilled workers.
4.Warm-up Activity
1) What is the purpose of the law?
We all know that the chief purpose of law are to maintain peace and order, to protect the rights of citizens, to secure justice and to punish wrong0doers. Good laws are those that are considered to serve the cause of justice for the society to which they apply. But even good laws may be unjustly applied or may be unjust in certain situations. In the story we are going to study today, the author tells us about what happened to him more than a decade ago. It was really a very unpleasant experience, yet it provides us with much food for thought精神食粮.
2) True or false exercise in Teacher’s book
Language Points
1.arbitrary: based on one’s own wishes or will rather than reason
--If a leader makes decision without conducting investigations, he is being arbitrary.
--The arbitrary decisions of the factory owners caused dissatisfaction among the workers.
2.circumstance: conditions, facts, etc. Connected with an event or a person
--We cannot expect him to continue these activities under such unfavorable circumstances.
--Because of circumstances beyond our control the meeting was cancelled.
3.subsequent: coming after, following
--Subsequent events proved that my judgement of the situation was right.
--The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.
4.due: 1) expected or scheduled to arrive or be ready; supposed
--The train from Beijing is due at 1:30.
--The young man is due to appear in the Magistrates’ court next Monday.
2) to be paid or returned
--When is the rent due?
--The books are due today but I want to renew some of them.
5.obvious: easy to see or understand; clear
--It was obvious that the policeman mistook me for a thief.
--For obvious reasons, the magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes.
6.wander: walk around a place in casual way, often without a fixed course, aim.
--After supper he would go out and wander alone in the streets for about an hour.
--David wandered through the bookstore, hoping to find a good for Lily’s birthday.
7.confirm: strengthen; prove to be true
--What you have told me about Steve confirmed me I my suspicion that he has stolen my gold watch.
--His hypothesis was later confirmed by other scientists.
8.conduct: manage; direct; carry out
--After failing a dozen times or so, Dr. Wilson decided to conduct 6the experiment in a different way.
--The police are conducting investigations into these murders.
9.given: considering, if one takes into account
--Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
--Given his age, the performance is amazing.
10.meanwhile: during the same period of time
--The boy had gone back home all by himself. Meanwhile, his parents were looking
for him in the park.
--Bob wen to the post office to send a letter. Meanwhile Lily was preparing lunch at home.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d16944586.html,plain: speak in an unhappy, dissatisfied way
--For my own part, I have nothing to complain about.
--He is always complaining about the weather in Shanghai.
12.take sb. to court: take legal action against sb.
--I told him that I would take him to court if he did not repay the money in a week. --If you go on ill-treating your wife like this, you will be taken to court.
13.a couple of: a small number of; a few, usually two
--I’ve got a couple of tickets. Will you go with me?
--Tom is quite busy now. His wife is expecting a baby in couple of weeks.
14.save up: keep for future use
--It took him a year to save up enough money for a computer.
--They are now saving up to buy a house in the suburbs.
15.take one’s time: not to hurry; do sth. In an unhurried way
--Just take your time and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday.
--It’s better to take your t ime over a piece of work and do it properly than to hurry and make mistakes.
16.turn out: be found or discovered; prove to be
--It turned out that the best student in my class is the son of a classmate of mine.
--The weather turned out pretty nice that day.
17.call on (up): invite; require; appeal to
--The President called on his people to work hard for national unity.
18.stand a chance: have a chance
--I would apply for the post if I were you. I think you stand a good chance.
--Do you think Mary stands a chance of being elected.
19.revolve around: move in circles around
--The moon revolves around the earth, and the earth revolves around the sun.
--Mary has no other outside interest at all. Her whole life revolves around her husband and the children.
20.turn against: oppose
--He tried in vain to turn the students against their professors.
--What do you think had turned Mary against her parents?
UNIT 2The Woman Who Would Not Tell
Background Information
1.The American Civil War
The American Civil war was a four-year armed conflict between northern and southern sections of the United States. The fighting began April 12, 1861, and lasted until May 1865.
For a long time before the Civil War, the North and the South had disagreed with each other on many issues. Most people in the North wanted to abolish slavery, or at least to stop its spread to new states, while the slave owners of the South held that slavery should be allowed everywhere.
Another issue that divided the North and the South was a political one. The North believed in a strong central government, that is, the federal government should have more power than the state governments. Most Southerners, however, regarded the nation as a union of separate and more or less independent states. They held that a state had the right to withdraw, or ―secede‖, from the Union when it felt its interests to be threatened.
Language Points
1.capture
--In the battle they captured 30 prisoners.
--The police have not captured the murderer yet.
2.former: of an earlier time
--Former US President Richard Nixon is well remembered in China for what he did to normalize the US-China relationship.
--My uncle was proud that a former student of his had won a gold medal at the Olympic Games in Atlanta.
3.awful: terrible; very bad
--The medicine tastes awful. I feel like throwing up.
--The war movie is full of awful scenes which I think are not suitable for children.
4.lean: support or rest oneself in a bent or sloping position
--Feeling a little dizzy, she leaned against the wall for support.
--He used to lean back in his easy chair (安乐椅)after supper and enjoy some light music before going on with his writing.
5.establish: find out or make certain of (a fact, answer, etc.); prove
--Who established the fact the earth is round? Columbus.
--John established his innocence by showing that he was travelling abroad when the murder was committed.
6.identity: who a particular person is
--The police were unable to establish the identity of the man killed in the accident. --Do you know the identity of the man who attacked you?
--identity card 身份证
7. supply: the food, equipment, etc, necessary for an army, expedition or the like
--A big country like ours cannot depend on other countries for our food supplies.
--We have nearly finished our supplies. How can we continue our journey through the mountains?
8. bear: have; show
--John is really very careless. The check he sent me yesterday bears no signature of his!
--China’s 100 yuan note bears a portrait and a watermark of Mao Zedong’s head. 9. item: one of a number of things, esp. in a list or as a group
--The X-ray scanner(扫描器) examines every passenger’s luggage so that no prohibited items are carried abroad.
10.risk: place in danger; take the chance of
--Jack risked his life in trying to save the drowning child.
--You are risking your health by smoking so many cigarettes a day.
--If you wait any longer you will risk missing your train.
11.junior: younger; lower in rank or importance
--After graduation from college my brother became a junior clerk in a foreign bank.
12.disaster: a great or sudden misfortune; a terrible accident
--Every year throughout the world natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions cause losses of life and property.
--If pollution and the imporper use of certain chemicals continue, environmental disasters will be inevitable.
13.lower: move or let down; drop
--When the teacher praised her, Janet lowered her head in shyness.
--He leaned forward to me and lowered his voice, as if he were going to tell me something secret.
14.flare up: suddenly become angry, fierce or violent, esp. of a person, fire, battle,et --I don’t like to see you flare up so easily.
--The fighting in the Middle East flare up again last Saturday with heavy losses on both sides.
--Soon after he left the hospital, his lung cancer flared up again.
15.or: otherwise; if not
--Hurry or you will be late.
--I must go now or I shall be late. (See exercise 16)
16.see that / see to it that: make sure that; take care that
--I promise to see that the fee is paid without delay.
--See that everything is properly arranged beforehand.
--See to it that the lights are turned off before you leave the office.
17. brush aside: disregard, ignore
--He brushed aside all our suggestions.
--The doctor’s opinions cannot be brushed aside.
18.bring through: save (sb.) from (an illness, etc.)
--The surgeon decided that only a successful operation could bring the patient through.
--It was his firm belief in the final victory that brought him through the war. Reading Activity
Scanning: we only try to locate specific information and often e do not even follow the linearity of the passage to do so. We simply let our eyes wander over the text until we find what we are looking for, whether it be a name, a date or a less specific piece of information.
Skimming: when skimming, we go through the reading material quickly in order to get the gist of it, to know how it is organized, or to get an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer.
Skimming is therefore a more thorough activity which requires an overall view of the text and implies a definite reading competence. Scanning, on the contrary, is far more limited since it only means retrieving what information is relevant to our purpose. Yet it is usual to make use of these two activities together when reading a given text. For instance, we may well skim through an article first just to know whether it is worth reading, then read it through more carefully because we have decided that it is of interest. It is possible afterwards to scan the same article in order to note down a figure or a name which we particularly want to remember.
Scanning techniques are particularly helpful when we want to consult a dictionary, look for a certain advertisement (hunting for a job, renting a house, etc.), or finding a date or a name. When we look for the amount or the number of something, we simply look at the Arabic numerals; when we want to find the name of a person or an organization, we just scan for the words beginning with a capital letter.
UNIT 3Why I Teach
Background Information
1.Introductory Remarks
Teaching has been considered an undesirable profession in many parts of the world. Education may be respected and highly valued, but teachers are not. Their pay and prestige are low in most countries. They work long hours both during the day and in the evening and their hard work often goes unnoticed and unappreciated. Yet, there have always been people who love the teaching profession and choose
teaching as their life-long career. Here, Mr. Beidler, Professor of English at Lehigh Uni versity in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., who was named 1983’s Professor of the Year by the Council for Advancement and Support of Education, give his reasons why he teaches.
2.Warm-up Activity
1)Ask students whether they like teaching or not, and give their reasons.
2)How do they think that the newspaper once said most university teachers
belonged to the high-salary group?
3)Tell the students my choice and the reasons.
4)Ask the students to go over the text very quickly and find out the reasons why
Mr. Beidler chose teaching as his career.
Language Points
1.Puzzle:make unable to answer, solve or understand; fill with doubt and confusion --I’m puzzled why he declined our invitation.
--The woman’s illness puzzled the doctor; he couldn't find the cause.
2.Profession: job that needs formal qualifications after training, e.g. law, medicine, teaching, acting.
--As a sophomore, I still don’t know what profession would suit me best.
--Jeanne has decided on law as her profession. She wants to become a civil rights lawyer and help the poor.
3.Convince:cause (sb.) to believe; persuade (sb.)
--It took me a long time to convince him that he could learn English as well as anyone else in the class.
--Teachers like to convince their students of the importance of study, but students are not easily convinced.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d16944586.html,pel:make (sb.) do sth. By or as if by force
--He was compelled by illness to drop out of school.
--Having found himself out of gas, the driver was compelled to walk several miles to the nearest village.
5.opportunity: favorable occasion or chance
--Do come to our party tomorrow evening! It will give you an opportunity to meet a lot of interesting people.
--This conference offers us a good opportunity to learn from one another.
6.stimulate: excite (the body or mind); cause to become more active, energetic, etc. --The teacher’s praise stimulated Tom to study even harder.
--Exercise stimulates the circulation of the blood.
7.failure: lack of success; failing; instance of failing
--Without your timely help, our plans would have ended in failure.
--We had many failures before finding the right method of teaching.
8.loan: something lent, esp. a sum of money
--It’s more and more difficult to get a bank loan now.
--The World Bank has promised to make a further loan of $ 2 million for this project.
9.distribute: divide among several or many; give or send out
--People there often complain that wealth is not evenly distributed in their society. --New information is quickly distributed to millions of people all over the world by means of Internet.
10.variety: state of varying; a number of different kinds
--My job lacks variety; I am doing the same things all the time.
--a variety of … (objects, shows, books, etc.)
11.occasional: happening from time to time; not regular
--Your writing is quite good except for a few occasional mistakes in spelling or grammar.
--In these islands there are occasional earthquakes, but not very violent ones.
12.switch (to): turn from one subject or activity to another
--In Japan, Lu Xun started as a medical student but then witched to literature.
--As the demand for tape-recorders has fallen off the factory has switched to the production of color TV sets.
13.point: use; purpose
--What’s the point of / in talking to her again? She’s already made up her mind.
--Now that Father has made the final decision, there is no point in arguing further.
14.stay up: not go to bed
--He stays up reading and writing until midnight every day.
--I’ll be home late, but please don’t stay up for me.
15.to learn one’s lesson(s): to learn sth. Useful from the mistake(s) one has made
--He has learnt his lesson, and will not repeat the mistake.
--I have learned my lesson from the accident and won’t drive too fast again.
16.build on: base on
--The Chongqing’s economy is primarily built on its industry.
--Don’t build too many hopes on h is helping you.
17.leave out: fail to mention or include
--You left out an important detail in your report of the accident.
--Be sure not to leave anyone out in your invitation.
18. catch one’s breath
--The beauty of the scene made him catch his breath.这美丽的风景令人叹为观止--I had to pause halfway to catch my breath.我不得不中途停下来歇口气
UNIT 4Lady Hermits Who Are Down But Not Out Background Information
1. Introductory Remarks
Although termed ―lady hermits‖, the shopping-bag ladies of New York City are, in a sense, neither ―ladies‖ nor ―hermits‖. They live in the open, often on the stairways of bus and train stations, in the doorways of apartment buildings, or in the passages of subway stations.
Homeless and lonely, these shopping-bag ladies live a poor and miserable life. They suffer from delusions and fantasies and often have been inmates in mental institutions. They live in a world of their own creation apart from the real world around them. Most New Yorkers pass them each day and grow indifferent to their presence.
However, they are not totally forgotten. Efforts have been made by various kinds of people, such as priests, nuns, researchers and social workers, to improve their lot.
2. Warm-up Exercise
Ask students to go over the text rapidly and find out the characteristics of the shopping-bag ladies.
3.Analyze the topic
Hermit: has different cultural connotations in Chinese and English. In Chinese culture, hermit 隐士refers to the person who does not want to be a officer because he is dissatisfactory with or tired of the dominator or the world and lives in a lonely place. In English hermit refers to a person who lives apart from the wold for religious contemplation, just like the Chinese‖居士‖. The choice of hermit reflects the social status and inside world of the shopping-bah ladies. Compared with the real hermit, they have no tranquility and spiritual pursuit but unfair treatment. Thus, hermit here is the person who, although lives in a large city, lives in a solitary world of his own, detached from the real world.
Lady is a respectful, cultural woman with a certain social status.
Down but not out: when a boxer is knocked down, the referee counts to ten. If a boxer is unable to rise to his feet, he is out, which means he is no longer in the game. Here, those lady hermits are suffering from misfortune and are low in social position, but they refuse to accept defeat and persist in their clinging to life. Explain: Self-respected women are suffering from misfortune and having low social position, but they struggle with life and go on living.
Cultural Background
1.dog: The Americans have dog as their pet. It is their best friend, so they feel
disgusted with eating the meat of dog. Although ―dog‖ in English sometimes has a derogatory sense, such as ―treat someone like a dog‖, it is a neutral or commendatory term in most cases as in: You lucky dog. 你是一个幸运的人Every dog has its day.凡人皆有得意日。The Chinese term is generally derogatory, as is reflected in like ―狗急跳墙，狗仗人势，狼心狗肺，狗皮膏药，狗头军师，狗嘴吐不出象牙‖.
2.Relief: refers to aid given to needy persons through government agencies or
private organizations. It may be in the form of money, food, clothing, or other necessities. Here it means welfare money given to poor people by the government.
In the United States, there are many private and government organizations that give help to the poor and homeless. However, quite often one has to go through a lot of paper work before one can actually obtain such help. The complexity of the process of applying for relief often discourages the needy from trying to get the aid.
Another discouragement is that people who receive money this way are usually looked down upon and viewed as lazy or inferior.
Language Points
1.shift: move from one place to another
--Someone has shifted my bicycle and I cannot find it.
--They have shifted away from this area.
2.attract: draw towards oneself
--My attention was attracted by his peculiar clothes.
--The new development zone of the city has been attracting an increasing amount of foreign investment.
3.isolate: separate…from
--Persons who get infectious diseases are isolated in special hospital.
--The Chinese hermits used to isolate themselves from the city and lived in the remote mountain.
4.category: class, group
--In Britain, there are two main categories of lawyer, namely solicitors初级律师and barristers在英国有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的律师.
--He wrote many books, most of which fall into the category of biography.传记
5.claim: declare to be true
--He claimed he saw an UFO last night, but nobody believed.
--Does anyone claim the wallet.
--Both teams claimed a victory.
6.volunteer: tell or do without being asked
--I like my students to volunteer in class.
--She is a voluntary learner.
7.considerate: kind and thoughtful about other people
--It was very considerate of Tom to turn down the radio while I was taking a nap. --We should try and be considerate of other people’s feelings.
8.better: improve
--She has become interested in your case, and wishes to better your conditions.
--We can better that work by being more careful next time.
--to better one’s mark
9.keen on: interested in, fond of
--keen on classical music, modern art, detective stories, fishing, football, etc.
--Alex, a student of Chinese literature from Australia, is very keen on Beijing opera.
10.on end: continuously
--Last summer we had no rain for weeks on end, so there was a serious drought.
--It was the first time that Xiao Li had to write a letter in English, so she spent hours on end writing and renewing it.
11.pass by: go past; ignore
--I passed by your house yesterday evening, and might have dropped in if I had not been in a hurry.
--This is the sort of mistake that you should not pass by.
12.turn away: refuse
--You should not turn away from all your old friends.
--He turned away three applicants.
13.keep up: continue, prevent from ending
--The two boys have kept up their friendship by writing to each other.
--Be sure to keep up the good habit of reading aloud every morning.
14.cope with: deal successfully with
--Self-confidence is what we need in coping with this crisis (problem, difficulty). --Computers have proved a great help in coping with the heavy workload工作量.
15.at a loss: uncertain what to do or say; confused
--He was at a loss how to cope with the situation.
--What he had said at the meeting left me completely at a loss.
16.be entitled to: have the right to enjoy or have sth.; have the right to do sth.
--All the employees of the company are entitled to a ten-day holiday with pay every year.
--The winner of the competition is entitled to choose one of these TV sets as a prize.
UNIT 5The Day Mother Cried
Background Information
1. Introductory Remarks
In the United States, more than 50% of the women over 16 years of age are now reported to be in the labor force, full or part time. Women hold more than 42% of all the jobs in the nation and their rushing into the job market continues at a rapid pace. It is expected that by the end of the 1980’s, 70 to 80% of the female population will be part of the nation’s paid work force. Most of them, of course, are still employed in jobs traditionally filled by women: clerical, sales and service. Growing numbers, however, are moving into those higher level, well-paid positions and professions once reserved almost exclusively for men, such as medicine, law and management. Most women work because their families need the money. With the prices of food and fuel and housing and transportation and education rising steadily, more and more families are depending upon a second pay check. Many women work also because they want to have careers of their own and enjoy full equality with men. With more and more women going out to work, it is now hard to find the once ―typical‖ family of father at work, mother in apron at home, and two children in the nest.
Today it is far more common for both parents to be working and for husbands to take a share in the household work of taking care of the children, cooking the meals, doing the dishes and washing the clothes.
In the United States, every child has the right to attend public elementary and
secondary schools without tuition fees. About 12% of all children of elementary and high school age attend parochial and other private schools and their parents have to pay tuition fees.
Today about half of the high school graduates go on to colleges and universities, of which about one-third are public institutions supported by taxes and controlled by federal, state, or local g overnments. A student at a state college or university doesn’t have to pay very much if his or her parents live in that state. But private colleges and universities can be very expensive.
2.Warm-up Activity
Language Points
1.anticipation: expectation
--As Christmas drew near, the children were filled with anticipation.
--Prof. Snow’s daughter was filled with anticipation at the thought of the planned trip to China.
2.issue: a particular edition of a magazine or newspaper
--The latest issue of Time contains a cove story entitled It Came from Outer Space. --These back issues of magazines and newspapers take up too much space in the study. Do you still have any use for them?
3.tight: firm
--She curled up in a tight ball, with her knees tucked up at her chin.
--I’m dismayed to find I’ve outgrown this expensive coat, which is too tight for me.
4.approach: move towards; come or go near or nearer
--The dog remains alert all the time and recognizes its master’s footsteps as he approaches the house.
--The police warned the schoolchildren not to approach the madman if they saw him.
5.cautiously: very carefully
--The first time two people from different cultures meet, they behave and talk cautiously so as not to cause offense.
--Tom moved cautiously forward and opened the door softly.
6.assume: take as true without actual proof
--I assume that you agree with what Mary has just said.
--David is not such a fool as you assume him to be.
7. qualify: cause sb. to reach the level needed for sth. or to do sth.
--This training will qualify you as a computer operator.
--With a PH. D. degree from Harvard University, he is assumed to be well qualified for this post.
8. respond: do sth. as an answer
--As the news of the earthquake got around, people across the nation responded by providing what they could offer.
--The child responded to the teacher’s praise with a smile.
9. primarily: mainly, chiefly
--Our duties as teachers are primarily to impart knowledge and educate the students.
--The magazine discontinued last ye ar primarily because it couldn’t keep up its regular payments.
10. pressure: a compelling influence or force
--Jim changed his mind at the last minute under pressure from his parents.
11. tension: a feeling of worry and nervousness
--With tension in her voice Ann said she had some bad news to tell me.
--Just before the job interview, the young man felt his tension building.
12. have sth. to oneself: to have sth. for one’s own private use
--When he dines in a restaurant Mark likes to have a table to himself.
--You can have the place entirely to yourself.
13. burst into: rush into
--Andy burst into the classroom, grabbed his book, and rushed out again.
14. catch on: understand, learn about
--You’ll catch on to the job after you’ve been here a week or two. (You’ll get some idea of how to do the job)
--The first time the teacher explained the problem, only a few students caught on.
15. set one’s mind to: give all one’s attention to doing sth.
--After hearing the sad news, Jack could not set his mind to his work that afternoon. --If I set my mind to finishing this article by tomorrow, I can certainly do so.
16. stand / be in sb.’s way: prevent sb. from doing sth.
--If you think you can get a better job elsewhere, I’ll certainly not stand in you r way.
--Jane tried to clean the house, but her 16-month-old baby was always in her / the way.
17.send away for: make a request or order for (sth.) by post
--When the Smiths lived in the country, they had to send away for many of the things they needed.
--Thi s book is not available in our town, so I’ve sent away for it.
18.run out: come to an end; be used, spent or consumed
--Hurry up! Time is running out
--Time ran out before most of us could answer the last question.
--Their food was running out fast so the mountain climbers had to return to the base.
19.in addition to: besides
--In addition to some English novels, Mary mailed me an English dictionary.
--In addition to teaching in the school, Janet gives piano lessons to some children at home.
20.help out: give help at a time of need (to sb.)
--Our neighbors helped out when Mother became ill.
--Mary lives in campus but on weekends when she goes back home, she often helps out in the kitchen.
--Would you please help me out with this math problem.
21.on (one’s) guard: watchful; ready to defend or protect
--As the bus was very crowded, the conductor warned the passengers to be on (their) guard against pickpockets.
--You should be on guard against those who are always flattering you.
22. hold back: control
--Mr. Jackson managed to hold back his anger and avoided a quarrel with his 16-year-old son.
--When she learned that her son was killed in battle, the Mexican woman held back her tears with much difficulty.
UNIT 6 A Day’s Wait
Background Information
1. Introductory Remarks
Death and courage are two of the themes that Hemingway often write about. Essentially, Hemingway thinks of courage as a person’s ability to be calm and controlled in the face of death. ―A man may be destroyed, but not defeated,‖ he declares. In this short story, Hemingway shows the feelings of a nine-year-old boy
who, through a misunderstanding, undergoes a shattering experience. This misunderstanding is brought about by what may seem to be a little thing, the fact that different countries use different kinds of medical thermometers. The experience nevertheless is a real crisis for the boy: he thinks he is going to die and has spent a day thinking about his death. However, in facing this crisis, the boy shows no fear and controls his emotions manfully—a mark of courage in Hemingway’s sense.
2. About the Author
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was born in a well-to-do suburb of Chicago. His father a physician who liked to hunt and fish in his spare time. After graduation from high school, Ernest Hemingway worked briefly as a journalist on the Kansas City Star, where he learned a great deal about exactness and style in reporting. In 1917 he went to Italy with a volunteer ambulance unit, then fought as a soldier in the Italian army, and was badly wounded. This experience in World War I gave him material for many of his short stories and some of his novels, including The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (in 1929). During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), he went to Spain as a journalist, strongly supporting the losing Republican side against the Fascist forces to Franco. His experiences there provided material for one of his best novels, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). In 1952, he published his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea. In 1954, he was awarded the highest prize a writer can receive, the Nobel Prize for Literature.
3. Thermometers
A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature. Most thermometers have scales marked off in degrees, the units in which temperature is measured. The most common scales are:
Fahrenheit, used in everyday temperature measurement in the United Stated and some other English-speaking countries. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 and its boiling point is 212.
Celsius, or Centigrade, used throughout most of the world. On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0 and its boiling point 100.
To convert a temperature reading in degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and then multiply by 5/9 . to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 9/5 and then add 32. The conversion formulas for these are:
C = 5/9 ( F -32) F = 9/5 C+32
4. Warm-up Activity
Ask the students to tee whatever they know about Ernest Hemingway and his work.
5. Questions for Preview
a.What’s the title of this short story?
b.A day’s wait for what?
c.Who has been waiting a whole day for death?
d.What’s his name?
e.How old is the boy?
f.In which season does the story take place?
g.What has happened to the boy?
h.What illness does the doctor say the boy has got?
i.What’s the boy’s temperature?
j.Does the doctor tell the father that the boy’s illness is dangerous?
k.What does the boy think of his illness?
l.Why does the boy think he is going to die?
m.How does his father make the whole matter clear to him?
n.How does the boy behave while waiting to die?
Language Points
1.shiver: shake or tremble, esp. from cold or fear
--The shopping-bag lady stood at the street corner shivering all over with cold.
--Walking alone at night along the side street, I couldn’t help sh ivering at the thought of possible robbery.
2.instructions: clear and detailed information
--Read the attached book carefully and follow the instructions when you set the washing machine to work.
--Failure is impossible if the instructions given are carefully followed.
3.(would) rather: more willingly
--I would rather go today than tomorrow.
--I would rather play tennis than swim.
4.prescribe: order to give (sth.) as medicine or treatment for a sick person
--What medicine did the doctor prescribe for your illness?
--The doctor prescribed a new medicine for my stomachache.
5.flush:
--She flushed with pleasure when we complimented her.
--His face flushed with embarrassment.
6. scatter: go off on all direction
--The birds scattered at the sound of the gun.
--When the police appeared, the crowd scattered in all directions.
7.poise: balance
--The athlete poised the weight in the air before throwing it.
--Note the way the dancer poises his head.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d16944586.html,mence: start; begin
--She commenced to cry.
--After the election the new government commenced developing (to develop) the roads.
--Students can commence their course from any day.
9. absolutely: certainly, completely
--―Hemingway is really a great writer.‖ ―Absolutely.‖
--Practice is absolutely vital to the mastery of a foreign language.
10.make: travel (a distance) or at (a speed)
--We can make another 100 kilometers before dark.
--This Shanghai-made car can easily make 70 miles an hour on an open highway. 11.bring down: reduce; cause to fall
--He wants to bring down his weight from 170 pounds to 150 pounds.
--It has been decided that measures should be taken to bring down the costs of the project.
12.something like: about, approximately
--Every day he walked something like two miles to school.
--We harvested something like 200 ton of rice the very first year.
13.keep from: prevent oneself from doing sth.; stop
--He couldn’t keep from laughing.
--What shall I do to keep this from getting dirty?
14. take it easy: don’t worry; don’t hurry; don’t get excited or anxious
--―Take it easy, Mary –Tom is only a little late. I’m sure nothing’s happened to him.‖
--Take it easy. We have got plenty of time.
UNIT 8Daydream A Little
Background Information
1. Introductory Remarks
We often hear parents scold their children for daydreaming. And we often hear teachers as k the question ―John, are you daydreaming?‖ with implied criticism. People usually take a hostile attitude towards daydreaming because they think daydreaming is a waste if time and an escape from real life. Well, daydreaming can be a waste of time and an escape from real life. But daydreaming can also do us a lot of good.
2. Warm-up Questions
a.Why do people take a hostile attitude towards daydreaming?
b.What happens if a person is not allowed to dream in his sleep?
c.What are the benefits of daydreaming according to researchers?
d.Why would positive daydreaming help produce real success according to Dr.
Maltz?
e.What is the procedure of creative daydreaming?
f.Is daydreaming all you have to do in order to attain your desired goals?
g.Why is it worthwhile to set aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming? Language Points
课时授课计划No. 成功英语1-1-1 200 --200 学年度第学期 系(部) 专业班 授课时间: 第周第课时 200 年月日 章节及题目: Unit One Lesson One 教学目的: students should comprehend the text in great detail and learn some words and expressions by practicing them. 重点与难点: 参考书与教具(图表\模型\演术等) 教学过程(教学步骤\内容\时间分配等) I Check √ the steps II New Words III Match the columns IV Listening V. Describe yourself
Teaching processes: I. Check √ the steps you would like to take to develop your career. Then explain your decisions to a partner. ?Take professional development courses ?Continue an M.A. (Master’s) degree at my university ?Study for an M.A. degree abroad ?Get a job related to my field ?Study for another B.A. (Bachelor’s) degree ?Study in another country ?Work in another country II. New Words drop off v to leave 离去，散去 duties n obligations, responsibilities义务，责任availability n state of being free to start work可用性 head v to go to 前进，出发 lead v to direct, to control引导，带领 pushy adj aggressive, too demanding of the attention and cooperation of others 有进取心的，热心过头的 III. Match the columns to complete the conversation. keshi: Well, now that we’ve graduated from college, ________ Paula: But we’ll __________________ Takeshi: Hey! Have you heard anything _____________________ Paula: I have. It looks like I could be ______________________ __________ Takeshi: I knew they’d accept you; you had the best grades in our class. I’ve de cided to stay here. Last week I dropped off my
举例：针刺acupuncture 《中医杂志》2012年11月第53卷第22期:1921 陈璐广州中医药大学针灸推拿学院 针刺治疗急性期贝尔麻痹有效性与安全性的系统评价 Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for Acute Bell’s Facial Paralysis ?《中医杂志》2012年5月第53卷第9期:761 ?马忠新疆医科大学附属中医医院针灸科 ?针刺治疗代谢综合征患者37例临床观察 ?Clinical Observation on Acupuncture for 37 Cases of Metabolic Syndrome “电针”译为: electroacupuncture ?举例：《中华中医药杂志》2010年6月第25卷第6期：---853 ?冯雯琪四川省宜宾市第二人民医院 ?电针对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血脂及肝功能的影响 ?Influence of electroacupuncture on blood lipid and liver function in nonalcoholic fatty liver rats 《中医杂志》2013年11月第54卷第21期:1843 ?五子衍宗汤加味联合电针治疗老年功能性尿失禁65例 ?Clinical Observation on Supplemented Wuzi Yanzong Decoction Combined with Electroacupuncture for 65 Cases of Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly “眼针”译为Eye-acupuncture ?《中医杂志》2011年8月第52卷第16期:1398 王艳杰辽宁中医药大学基础医学院（973计划） ?眼针疗法对腹泻型肠易激综合征大鼠结肠神经激肽1表达的影响 ?Effect of Eye-acupuncture Therapy on Expression of Colic Neurokinin 1 of Diarrhea Irritable Bowel Syndrome Model Rats ?眼针疗法能够改善急性脑梗死患者的认知功能，提高了患者的生活质量。 Eye-acupuncture therapy can improve cognitive function in acute cerebral infarction patients. ?目的：观察眼针疗法对急性脑梗死患者认知功能的影响。 ?Objective: to observe the effect of eye-acupuncture therapy on cognitive function in acute cerebral infarction patients. ?耳针译为：auricular needle; ?auriculo-acupuncture; ?ear acupuncture; ?otopuncture ?电针联合耳针治疗2型糖尿病203例临床观察 ?Clinical Observation on Electro-Acupuncture Combined with Auricular Acupuncture for 203 Case of Type 2 Diabetes ?头皮针：scalp acupuncture ?皮肤针 ?cutaneous acupuncture ?skin needle ?cutaneous needle ?dermal needle ?Aim: To observe the synergistic action of scalp acupuncture and modern rehabilitation in
班级管理作业答案作业一 第一题：选择题 1、班级管理活动和其它任何管理一样需要具备三个条件(要素)即（B） A 班主任、学生、环境 B 管理者、管理对象、管理手段 C 空间、时间、资源 D 设计、实施、评价 2、班级管理的基本环节是（A） A 设计、实施、评价 B 计划、组织、实施 C 组织、协调、控制 D 备课、上课、考察 3、班主任的工作是一种（B） A、教育工作 B、专门性的工作 C、教师的兼职工作 D、思想教育工作 4、班级生活的社会化过程使小学生个体获得（B） A、个性 B、社会性 C、社会性的同时促进个性 D、统一性 5、班级组织属于（A） A、正式组织 B、非正式组织 C、自愿选择的组织 D、统一要求的组织 6、（B）联合国第44届大会通过了《儿童权力公约》 A、1959年11月20日 B、1989年11月20日 C、1990年8月29日 D、1992年4月1日 7、儿童的身体健康权利和受教育权利属于儿童的（B） A、生存权 B、发展权 C、受保护权 D、参与权 8、我国在（C）发布了《中国儿童发展纲要（2001-2010）》 A、1990年 B、1992年 C、2001年 D、1996年 9、中国少年先锋队以先锋命名是表明（D） A、它是先进儿童的组织 B、要求儿童做革命的先锋 C、向革命先锋学习 D、儿童是开拓未来的先锋 10、中国少年先锋队直接受（B）的领导。 A、中国共产党 B、中国共产主义青年团 C、校长 D、班主任 第二题：填空题
11．班级授课制的奠基人是17世纪的捷克教育家（夸美纽斯）。 12．从（1952）年起我国学校班级管理者角色正式定名为班主任。 13．班主任不仅是班级的组织者，同时还是（教育者），是发展中的儿童的（精神关怀者）。 14．小学班级是一个（班队合一的组织），是有双重性质的组织。 15．（班级）是小学的基层组织。 16．少先队组织具有（革命性）、（群众性）、（自治性）、（实践性）的特征。 17．中国少年先锋队是中国少年儿童的（群众组织）。 18．班级中的非正式群体大致有（玩乐型）、（学习型）、功利型、（违规型）和（人际吸引型）。 19．儿童的基本权利是（生存权）、（发展权）、（受保护权）和参与权。 20．儿童权力的核心是（儿童优先）。 第三题：名词解释 21．班级：是现代学校制度的产物。同一年龄段、发展水平相当的一群学生根据学校的安排固定地聚集在一起，形成了“班”；又因为“班”处在一定的教育阶段上，这就是“级”。班级是一定年龄阶段、发展水平相当的一群学生组成的学校教育基层组织。 22．班级管理：班级管理可以从两个层面上理解，即班级外部管理（学校领导对班级的管理）和班级内部管理（班主任对班级的管理）。 23．班主任：是学校中的一种管理角色，他（她）对学校中的基层教育组织——班级发挥管理的职能。班主任不仅是班级的组织者，同时还是教育者，是发展中的儿童的精神关怀者。 24．管理：是社会组织活动中的现象，它是组织管理者运用自己被赋予的领导权利，采取计划、组织和协调等管理措施，为实现组织目标开展的活动。 25．非正式群体：是由班级组织中的一些小学生在心理一致性或相容性的基础上，自愿结合而成的群体。 第四题：简答题 26．应如何正确理解班主任的班级管理工作？ 答：（1）班级管理是班主任对班级的领导；（2）班级管理是一种教育管理；（3）班级管理在班主任与学生的直接交往中进行。 27．你认为应如何学习班级管理课程？ 答：学习这门课程时，应着手抓好以下几个方面：（1）注意相关课程的学习，注重学科之间的相互贯通。（2）在班级管理实践中掌握该课程理论，注重学校班级管理实践中的诸多问题。（3）在课程学习中进行探究学习，发挥学生自身的主动、主体作用，积极开展小组学习活动及其网上各种讨论、答疑。（4）在教
新概念英语第三册笔记 New words and expressions】生词和短语●punctuality n. 准时 ●rural adv. 农村的 ●disregard v. 不顾，无视 ●intellectual n. 知识分子 ●abstruse adj. 深奥的 ●coordinate v. 协调 ●reproach v. 责备 ●puncture v. 刺破（轮胎） ●diversion n. 改道，绕道 ●trial n. 讨厌的事，人 ●fraction n. 很小一点儿 ●flourish n. 挥舞（打手劳） ●microscopic adj. 微小的 ●adamant adj. 坚定的，不动摇的 ◆punctuality n. 准时 punctual: adj. 守时 be punctual to the minute ◆rural adv. 农村的
urban adj. 城市的 ◆disregard v. 不顾，无视 disregard sth disregard == ignore pay no attention to take no notice of in disregard of treat sb. with disregard: 怠慢某人 ◆intellectual n. 知识分子 ◆abstruse adj. 深奥的 abstract: 抽象的 Eg: I am not good at mathematics, because the subject is not only abstract but also abstruce. ◆◆coordinate v. 协调 Eg: Our efforts need to be further coordinated for higher efficiency. efficiency: == be efficient:效率 Eg: If you wnat to complete an ideal job with your classmates as quickly as possible, I think ypu must coodniate everything as much as
Unit 2 Section A Environmental Protection Throughout the World Ⅰ.A b s t r a c t Environmental awareness takes second place to economic development in most nations of the world. As damage to our environment increases, however, some nations are developing programs to protect their natural resources. The passage describes some of these national programs Canada has closed the area to cod fishing and set strict limits on catches of other species. Brazil promises it will protect the region’s native people. Eastern European countries and other nations, including the United States, have set up special funds for environmental clean-ups and improving the region's power plants. The government of Indonesia has succeeded in increasing use of birth control from 10 percent of the population 20 years ago to 49 percent today.Ⅱ.C u l t u r e N o t e s 1. Islam is a religion and social way of life based on the teachings of Muhammad as preserved in the Koran(《可兰经》) and the Sunna (伊斯兰教规)。It is centered in Mecca(麦加)，and includes the worship of gods represented by holy stones called the Kaaba(建于麦加的伊斯兰教寺院内的圣堂)。 2. Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world’s oceans, divided into the North Pacific and the South Pacific. It extends from the western America to eastern Asia and Australia. It separated America from Asia and Australia. Its length is 15,000 km. Its width from Panama to Malaya is 19,000 km. With its coasts it makes up a great volcanic area. III. Analysis of each part Part one(para.1): Introduction
裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记第三课课文讲解 老猴子咬菜根学习交流 Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神 Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century . until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century . It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century . This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity. 1. Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. 不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。 make a discovery 做出发现 make a name for oneself 出名 make history 创造历史 make a noise 名噪一时 eg. Ben Laden really made a noise by . 本·拉登通过事件名噪一时。make a dent: to make a first step towards success in something 取得初步的、有效的进展；奏效 eg. Chinese open-up policy has made a dent. 中国的改革开放政策已经初见成效。 Aegean [i:'d?i:?n] n.爱琴海（地中海的一部分,在希腊同土耳其之间）The Aegean sea lies between Greece and Turkey, part of Mediterranean Sea.主题句：为典型的记叙文开头句 记叙文的文体特点：时间、地点、人物、事件。并按事件发生的时间、空间顺序描写，把握住其特征，就能轻松应对文章的理解。 Time: some time ago
采购术语大全中英文对照 2015-01-19盖世汽车社区 第一部分： custom made:需指定制造的产品 first priority:最高的优先级别 PPR( Premium price request):高于标准价格采购请求 RFQ(request for quote):报价请求，询盘 ESI(Early supplier involvement):供应商早期介入 cost modeling：成本模型 STD price:标准价格 Stock-out cost:缺货成本 awarded supplier:指定供应商 escalate to higher level:提交上级处理 cut hard order:手动下订单 customer demand pull-in:客户需求提前或增加 Distributor：分销商；Manufacturing：厂商；Broker：经纪商。（紧急情况下启用，价格较高。） EAU (Estimated annual usage):预估每年需求量 line down:停产 APQP(advanced product quality planning):指产品在量产前对如何实现产品以及如何进行质量控制看展的策划活动。 PPAP(production part approval process)：生产件批准程序，是指第一次生产样件时向客户提交一系列文件记录清单，如样品检测报告，FMEA,工艺流程图，控制计划，图纸等等，要提交的资料根据客户要求进行，提交后客户将确认OK后方可进行试生产阶段。 EOQ(economic ordering quantity):经济订购数量,EOQ= (A:单位时间净需求S:每次订购费用U:商品单位成本C:储存成本) EDI(electronic data interchange):电子数据交换。 第二部分： 1. R&D (research and design) 研发 2. APS (automated purchasing system) 自动采购系统 3. CAD (computer automated design) 计算机辅助设计 4. ERP (enterprise resource planning) 企业资源计划 5. ANX (automotive network exchange) 自动网络交换 6. CPO (chief procurement officers) 采购总监 7. CPE (collaborative planning and execution) 合作计划和执行 8. TCA (total cost of acquisition) 总获取成本或TCO Ownership 9. CPFR (collaborative,planning,forecasting,replenishment) 合作，计划，预测，补充 10. SCM (supply chain management) 供应链管理 11. VMI (vendor managed inventory) 卖方管理库存 12. VMR (vendor managed replenishment) 卖方管理补货 13. SCOR (supply chain operations reference) 供应链管理指南 14. LEW (least ex works) 最小离岸价 15. MOM (markup over coat model) 成本变动 16. 3PL (third party logistics) 第三方后勤服务 17. MRP (material requirements planning) 物料需求计划
Business English A Reading course（整理版） 商务英语阅读的主要内容： 商务英语阅读主要包括世界经济形势、经济全球化、国际贸易与投资、金融风险与管理、商业文化、企业管理等。这些阅读材料不但传递最新的世界经济和国际商务信息，开阔学生的视野，还提供最新、最典型的商务语言和词汇，有助于学生熟悉并掌握商务英语文章的典型语言用法、语言风格及语言特点等。 1）阿迪达斯Impossible Is Nothing. 没有什么是不可能 2）香奈儿Fashion passes, style remains. 流行稍纵即逝,风格永存 3）飞利浦Let us make things better. 让我们做得更好 4）麦氏咖啡Good to the last drop. 滴滴香浓,意犹未尽 This Bill of exchange shall be accepted first and then can be honored by the acceptor. (该汇票应先承兑，然后由承兑方进行支付） Words & expressions: Transnational road warriors 从事跨国商务活动的人 Faculty and alumni Performance-review process 绩效考核过程 Make an assessment of sb 对某人作出评价 In a group setting 公共场合 Have a one-on-one session with sb 进行单独会话 Tone down 缓和语气 Career progression 事业发展 Cultural gulf 文化鸿沟 In the arena of international commerce 在国际商务的平台上 Common ground 共同点 At the institutional level 制度层面 Fall short 结果，后果 Ongoing cross-pollination 不断学习他国先进事物 Trait 特征 Be customer-centric 以客户为本 Implement 实施 Commonality 共性 The integration of the global economy 全球经济一体化 See local context ad integral 本土文化语境知识 一些跨国公司英文名称： Procter & Gamble Company 宝洁公司 Johnson & Johnson Ltd. 强生公司 Carrefour China Inc. 家乐福 Bayerische Motor en Werhe AG宝马公司
班主任班级管理的“课前三分钟” 做班主任都有这样一种强烈的感受，每天早早地来到教室，看着学生们一个接着一个，井然有序地进教室坐到座位上，心里定心；遇到有事晚到了，就会莫名其妙地担心：有没有学生没来？会不会吵翻了天？有没有班干部领读？搭班老师会不会忘记昨晚的请托？那小心脏是“扑通扑通”的慌张不定，即便赶到了学校，也是脚不踮地，不进办公室，直奔教室眼见一众学生毫发无损才心安。 早到放心，晚到挠心，班主任这种候课候学生的方式，是多年形成的职业习惯和职业素养，说到底就是在争取工作的主动作为；这种看似不起眼的心理状态，就是体现了教育的情怀。那么，早早地进入了教室准备上课前的那段时间里，班主任或科任老师会做些什么呢？ 坐下来批会儿作业，偶尔找学生面批或找其订正； 与学生相顾无言，站等上课铃声响起； 翻阅备课笔记，准备开场导入； 绕着教室走廊转转，顺便检查一下地面卫生……课前的时间说长不长，说短不短，能不能用来安排一点实质性的师生互动，将貌似枯燥乏味、却又极其重要的思政教育落到实处呢？试试小创意“课前三分钟”吧！ 一、“课前三分钟”：德育可以无形，润物必定有声； 所谓“课前三分钟”，是指班主任根据班情，利用课前零散时间或辟出课堂40分钟的前三、五分钟时间，专门组织开展蕴含教育契机和内涵的一种教育教学活动。该创意摒弃简单粗暴的说教、有板有眼的啰嗦，而是针对学生身边鲜活的教育契机，开展内涵丰富、形式多样的小活动、小项目、小互动。
从发展维度看，小学生正处于价值趋向形成的重要时期。心理学研究表明，对儿童观点采择的适当干预，能正向引导其价值观的发展。班主任要成为塑造小学生品格、品行、品味的“大先生”，常态化地进行思想品德教育。 ?小张和小李昨天放学时打架了，有孩子来汇报了怎么警示所有学生？?小徐早上进校主动和值日老师打招呼，被广播表扬了怎么引导大家？?调皮的小王几次进教室都把门“咣当”一关不准后面的同学进来，怎么不让大家效仿？ ?有些逆反的小薛做操时故意“手舞足蹈”，引得后面的男孩子跟着瞎做，怎么处理？…… 德育无形，润物有声。这样的小事每天都在真实地发生着，有心的班主 任就会善于抓住每一个现象或个例，有的放矢地纳进“课前三分钟”的内容里。从这个角度来说，“立德树人”思想到了一线班主任的工作中，就不是 高高在上的理论，而是指导实践的理念，是想方设法转化为学生喜闻乐见、易于接受的教育形式。 二、“课前三分钟”：占课不是本意，调和方为初衷； 小学生的年龄特征决定了不能持久做到注意力集中、专注，所以用三、五分钟进行教育，效果是明显的。但是，这会不会占用了学生课间休息的时间，剥夺了学生放松调节的自由；就是放在课上分出的三、五分钟时间，又 会不会是在占用课堂教学时间呢？答案当然是否定的。 占用时间不是班主任的本意，让学生得以从中受益才是初衷。小学生在 校学习6小时，如在校就餐时长就将达8小时，且是以课堂静坐听讲的时间 居多，对活泼、好动的小学生来说，难免会出现“言者谆谆，听者藐藐”的
新概念英语第三册笔记 第一段词汇解析 ①explored = examined。 ②ancient = very old。 ③prosperous = wealthy, booming,flourishing。 ④storeys = floors。 ⑤beneath = under。 ⑥for 引导原因状语从句，对主句附加说明，because 强调原因。 第二段词汇解析 ①sacred = holy, solemn, divine。 ②fragments = pieces。
③remains = surviving pieces。 ④这里B.C.的第二个点与句号合并，为了避免误以为是从句，用括号标出一个不必标出的句号，下同。⑤英语中表示惊讶的词语强弱程度如下：弱surprised，astonished，amazed，astounded 强。 小贴士 如何背单词？ 编者认为在准备四六级的过程中，除了认真学习本书之外，还应该在背熟高考考纲词汇的基础上认真背记大学英语四、六级词汇，市面上各种词汇书琳琅满目，其实质就是考纲词汇表的注释，大体差不多，选一本自己比较喜欢的就行。具体可以借鉴艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线记忆法，在你初背以后的20 分钟、1 小时、8 小时、1 天、2 天、6天、31 天都要进行复习！以笔者为例，早上起床以后进行初背，背完后读二十分钟英语接着便是第一次复习，吃过早餐后进行第二次复习，中午起来后进行第三次复习，日后几天的空闲时间也好、中午睡觉前后也好一定要及时复习。我每天背二十个，就在这二十个单词旁边标
明要复习的日期，背完就打个勾。这是极其考验毅力和情商（统筹、执行等能力）的一件事情。二十个单词怎么背，在初背时，首先一个单词一个单词地背，背完第二个后要先复习第一个然后再去背第三个，背完后先复习第二个再去背第四个，依此类推。当然，复习时就没有必要了，我推荐的复习方法是看着中文来回想单词，再看着英文单词说出中文意思，每一次复习后都要感觉这二十个家伙已被自己了如指掌。具体每天背多少个单词因人而异，但是切记贪多嚼不烂，少就是多！
Unit 3 Enquiries and Offers I. Teaching Aims and Requirements: 1. Students learn to know the basic points of enquiry and quotation. 2. Students master some useful sentences about enquiry and quotation. 3. Students can make enquiry and quotation in fluent English. 4. Students can finish the exercises well. II. Important Points: 1. Students know the basic points of enquiry and quotation. 2. Students master some useful sentences about enquiry and quotation. 1) Your price is higher than those we got from elsewhere. 2) How long does your offer remain valid? 3) The size of our order depends greatly on your price. 4) If your price is favorable, we can book an order right away. 5) All the quotations on the list are subject to our final confirmation. III. Difficult Points: 1. Persuade your end-users to place an order with you. 2. State your products’ strong points compared with other products when making enquiry and offers. 3. Make an enquiry and offer in fluent English. IV . Word Study: 1. enquiry （inquiry ）n. 询价，询盘，询购 A customer of ours has made an enquiry for hand-made leather gloves. Please tell us what you can offer in this line. 我们的一个客户询购手制真皮手套。请告知是否有供应。 enquire v. 询盘，询购 A lot of customers have approached us to enquire for mohair sweaters. 许多客户向我们询购马海毛毛衣. 2. offer 报盘 firm offer 实盘,确盘 non-firm offer 虚盘 an offer without engagement 没有约束力的报盘/虚盘 to make sb. an offer for sth.向某人报某货 Please make us a firm offer for 2,000 Minolta Cameras Model 10-F CIF Vancouver. 请报2,000台美能达相机,型号10-F CIF 温哥华实盘. to offer sb. sth. 向某人报某货 We’d like to offer you 200 “Goodbaby” Brand bicycles at $40 per set. 我们愿向你报200辆”好孩子”自行车,每台$40. U n R e g i s t e r e d
UNIT 1 A Brush With The Law Background Information 1.Magistrates and the magistrate’s court In England, a magistrate is a person appointed to try minor offences. He is either an unpaid layman 外行or, in London and some other large cities, a paid judicial司法officer.In England, every district has a magistrate’s court. It is the lowest court of law. The magistrates’ court can only try people for minor, i.e. not very serious offences. It cannot give prison sentences totaling more than 12 months, nor can it order fines of more than 400 pounds for one offence. 2.The sixties’ “youth counterculture” The word ―counterculture‖ was coined in the 1960’s for the attitude and life style of many young people who rejected conventional social values and demanded more pers onal freedom. The counterculture first arose in the U. S. During the 1960’s and soon spread to Britain, France and other western countries. The young people were opposed to the Vietnam War and dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs in their society. Yet, unable to find a more constructive way of struggling against these, they indulged themselves in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music and took great pride in wearing long hair and unusual clothes and in taking up anything that was unconventional. The counterculture declined in the late 1970’s. See the Hippies and the Beat Generation in Essentials of English Learning. 3.Middle class In Britain, the middle class refers to the class of people between the nobility and the working class. It includes professional men (doctor, lawyers, and architects), bankers owners of business and small gentry. In the United States, however, the middle class refers to the class of people between the very wealthy class of unskilled laborers and unemployed people. It includes businessmen, professional people, office workers, many skilled workers. 4.Warm-up Activity 1) What is the purpose of the law? We all know that the chief purpose of law are to maintain peace and order, to protect the rights of citizens, to secure justice and to punish wrong0doers. Good laws are those that are considered to serve the cause of justice for the society to which they apply. But even good laws may be unjustly applied or may be unjust in certain situations. In the story we are going to study today, the author tells us about what happened to him more than a decade ago. It was really a very unpleasant experience, yet it provides us with much food for thought精神食粮. 2) True or false exercise in Teacher’s book