Chapter 1
Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫
Guildhall 市政厅
St.Paul’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂Big Ben 大本钟
The Tower Bridge of London 伦敦塔桥The Covent Garden 科芬园
Celtic people 凯尔特人
William the Conqueror 征服者威廉The Duke of Normandy 诺曼底公爵The Renaissance 文艺复兴
1.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?
Tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery , to drink whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.
2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into
and what are they?
The development of the English language can be divided into three periods :Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.
3.Why did English become more and more important after the Black Death?
The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death ,so English thus grew in importance compared to French .
Chapter2
Edward the Confessor 忏悔者爱德华Missionaries 传教士
Pop Greory格列高一世
St.Augustine圣奥古斯丁
Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂
The House of Anjou 安如王朝
The House of Plantagenet金雀花王朝The Magna Carter 大宪章
The Provisions of Westminster威斯敏斯特条例
The House of York 约克王朝
The House of Lancaster 兰开斯特王朝The House of Tudor 都铎王朝
The Reformation 宗教改革
The Act of Supremacy 至尊法案
The constitutional monarchy 君主立宪Commonwealth 英联邦
Restoration王朝复辟The Glorious Revolution 光荣革命The Bill of Rights 人权法案
The enclosure movement 圈地运动Spring Jenny 珍妮纺纱机
The proletariat 无产阶级
Dominions英联邦自治领
The opium War 鸦片战争
The Sues Canal 苏伊士运河
The Allies 协约国
The Central Powers 同盟国
The Pearl harbor 珍珠港
Three Majestic Circles 三环外交North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织
Operation Desert Storm 沙漠风暴联合行动
The bureaucracy官僚制度
Operation Desert Fox 沙漠之狐行动
1.what were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect .She promoted further industrialization , the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce .During her reign ,Britain developed into an empire including about
a quarter of the global population and quarter of the world’s landmass.
2.what were the two camps in World War 1?
In World war 1 the tow camps were the Central Powers –mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies –mainly France ,Great Britain ,Russia ,Italy and from 1917,the United States.
3.why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War2?
Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World War2 since they allied during World War 2 and shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union .
Charter3
Constitution宪法
Parliamentary国会的
Statutory law成文法
Common law 习惯法
Conventions 判例法
The legislature 立法机关
The executive行政部门
The judiciary 司法部门
The House of loads 上议院
The House of Common 下议院
The Republic of 1649-1660克伦威尔执政共和国Hereditary peers 世袭贵族
The highest court of appeal上诉法院Constituencies选区
Cabinet内阁
Magistrates’ court 地方法院
County court 郡法院
The Conservative Party保守党【右派】The Labor Party 工党【左派】
The Liberal Party 自由民主党Candidate候选人
The Commonwealth英联邦
1.what are the three functions of the House of the Commons?
To draft laws , to scrutinize the activities of the government and to future government policy.
2.what kind of public image does the Liberal Democrats have in Britain?
the Liberal Democrats is perceived as a ‘middle’party between the Conservative Party and the Labor Party .Many people see it as comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social .It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’s constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable .
3.why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?
Independent candidates are unlikely to win the general election because even if they were elected ,they would be powerless in Parliament against the larger parties .Therefore ,voters usually do not vote for them .
Chapter5
Comprehensive school 综合学校Grammar school 文法学校
Eton and Winchester 伊顿公学和温彻斯特工学
General Certificate of Secondary Education [ECSE]普通高级教育证书
The six form 第六级学院
General Certificate of Education 普通教育高级证书Polytechnics工艺专科学校
Bachelor of Art [BA]文学学士Bachelor of Science[MS]理工学士
The Open University 开放式大学Cambridge 剑桥
Oxford 牛津
The King’s College of London 帝国学院
The London school of Economic and
Political Science伦敦政治经济学院The Observer观察家报
The Times 泰晤士报
BIG THREE
The Times 泰晤士报
The Guardian 卫报
The Daily Telegraph 每日电讯报Tabloids 通俗小报
The British Broadcasting Corporation [BBC]英国广播公司Costume dramas 古装剧
Independent Television 英国独立电视台
The British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC[BSkyB]英国天空广播集团
Christmas pantomime 童话剧
Cinderella 灰姑娘
Easter 复活节
Bonfire Night篝火晚会
Guy Fawkes Night 盖伊:福克斯之夜
1.what used to be major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in
Britain ?
Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university ,whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.
2.what kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?
A general education ,academic subjects like literature and science, and more
practical subject like cooking and carpentry.
3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic provide?
Because they can appoint their own staff,decide which students to admit ,provide their own courses and award their own degrees.’
4.What role does the media play in British leisure cultre?
Because it helps to shape the public’s opinion,determine people’s political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.
Chapter6
Beowulf 贝奥古夫
The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》
Tragical History of Doctor .Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧
William Shakespeare 莎士比亚
A Midsummer Night Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人>. As You Like 《如你所愿》
Twelfth Night《第十二夜》
Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》《王子复仇记》Othello《奥赛罗》
King Lear《李尔王》
Macbeth《麦克白》
Antony and Cleopatra《安东尼与克里奥佩特拉
The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义Bourgeois Revolution 资产阶级革命The Reformation 宗教改革
Jonh Milton约翰.弥尔顿
The Paradise Lost 《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》Alexander Pope亚历山大婆柏
An Essay on Criticism《批评论》The Rape of the lock 《劫发记》Homer’s Iliad《伊利亚特》Odyssey《奥德赛》
Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔笛福
Robinson Crusoe 《鲁宾孙漂流记》The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期William Worldsworth 威廉华兹华斯
Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯津
Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集
My Heart Leaps Up《我心雀跃》
The Preface 《序言》
Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》
I wandered lonely as a cloud 《我好似一朵孤独的流云》
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》
Jonh Keats 济慈
George Gordon Byron 拜伦
Child Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗德游记》
Don Juan 《唐璜》
Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱
The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反叛》The Masque of Anarchy
A Defense of Poetry 《诗篇> Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗米修斯》
Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》
To a Skylark 《云雀颂》
The Victorian Period 维多利亚时代Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更新Stratification 分化
The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》Great Expectations 《远大前程》Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》
A Tale of Two cities 《双城记》David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔
Jane Austen 简奥斯丁
Sense and Sensibility 《理智与感情》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Park 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》
Emma《爱玛》
Northanger abbey 《诺桑觉寺》Persuasion 《劝导》
The three Bronte sisters 夏洛蒂勃朗特三姐妹
Jane Eyre 《简爱》
Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》George Eliot 乔治艾略特
Surmount 超越Exquisiteness细腻
Profundity深刻
The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
Salas Marner《织工马南》
Middlemarch 《米德尔马契》
Thomas Hardy托马斯哈代
The Return of the Native《还乡》
The Major of the Casterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》
Tess of the d’Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》
Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》
The Trumpet Major《号长兵》
A pair of Blue Eyes《一双蓝眼睛》Desperate Remedies《非常手段》
The hand of Ethelberta《艾塞尔博塔的婚姻》
Under the Greenwood Tree《绿荫下》Far from the Madding Crowd《远离尘嚣》Neo-Romanticism新浪漫主义Aestheticism 唯美主义
Robert Louis Stevenson 罗伯特路易斯史蒂文森
Treasure Island 《金银岛》
Kidnapped 《诱拐》
Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde 《化身博士》
Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡王尔德
The Happy Prince and Other Tales 《快乐王子和他的故事》
The Nightinggale and the Rose 《夜莺与蔷薇》
The picture of Dorian Gray《道林格雷德画像》
Salome 莎乐美萨洛美
Hedonist 享乐主义
The Modern Period 现代主义
Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫康拉德
Heart of the Darkness《黑暗的中心》Lord Jim 《吉姆爷》
Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚伍尔芙
Mrs.Dalloway《戴洛维夫人》
To the Lighthouse《灯塔》
Orlando 《奥多兰》
A Room of One’s Own 《自己的房间》James Joyce 詹姆斯乔伊斯Monologue 独白
Ulysses 《尤利西斯》
Finnegans Wake 《芬尼根守夜人》D．H Lawrence 劳伦斯
Sons and Lovers 《儿子和情人》
The Rainbow 《彩虹》
Lady Chatterley’s Lover 《查泰莱夫人的情人》
William Butler Yeats 威廉巴特勒叶慈
The Wild Swans at Coole 《库尔的野天鹅》
The Tower 《塔楼》
Michael Robartes《麦克尔罗巴斯蒂与舞蹈者》
T.S Eliot 托马斯耶特尔那斯艾略特The Waste Land 《荒原》
Four Quartets 《四个四重奏》
Murder in the Calthedral《大教堂中的谋杀》
George Bernard Shaw 乔治萧伯纳Plays Pleasant and Unpleasant 《愉快和不快乐戏剧》
Widower’s Houses 《鳏夫的房产》Mrs.Warren’s Profession 《华伦夫人的职业》
Arms and the Man 《武器与人》Pygmalion 《卖花女》
Saint Joan 《圣女贞德》
The Postmodern Period 后现代主义George Orwell 乔治奥威尔Totalitarian 极权主义的
Theater of the Absurd 荒诞派戏剧William Golding 威廉戈尔丁
Lord of the Files 《蝇王》
V.S.Naipaul 奈保尔
The Middle Passage《中途航道》Indian Trilogy印度三部曲
An Area of Darkness《幽暗国度》
A Wounded Civilization 《受伤的文明》A Million Mutinies Now 《百万叛变的今天》
The Mystic Masseur 《灵异推拿师》
In a Free State《自由国度》
A Bend in the River 《河湾》
Half a life 《半生》
Samuel Beckett 哈罗德品特
The Birthday Party 《生日派对》
The Caretaker 《看门人》
The Homecoming 《回乡》
Betrayal 《背叛》
Ashes to Ashes 《从灰烬到灰烬》
1.what are the three categories of Shakespeare’s plays and their
representatives?
A Midsummer Night’s Dream ,the Merchant of Venice ,As You Like it and Twelfth
Night .His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet , Othello,King Lear, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet .
His major historical plays include Richard 3,Henry 5 and Antony and Cleopatra.
2.what is critical Realism?
It is a literary school which flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s .The Critical realists described the chief traits of society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint .The greatest English critical realist is Charls Dickens.
3.what are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of the 19th century?
Neo-Romanticism and Aestheticism
4.what is the stream of the consciousness?
A writing technique which puts the unorganized flow of thought onto the
page .Writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the
characters’mental and emotional reactions to external events ,rather than the events themselves.
Chapter8
Great Lakes 五大湖
Lake Superior 苏必利尔湖
Lake Huron休伦湖
Lake Erie 伊利湖
Lake Ontario 安大略湖
Lake Michigan 密歇尔根湖
The Appalachian Range 阿巴拉契亚山脉Eskimos爱斯基摩人
Melting pot 大熔炉
Nationality Act Amendments《移民与国际法修正案》
Protestant 新教徒
The Westward Movement西进运动
1.Why is United States regarded as a ‘melting pot’and a ‘salad bowl’?
The United States is not merely a nation,dut a nation of nations.The immigrants came in waves,including the Europeans,the Aficans and the Asians.
2.What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural
society?
To be open and tolerant toward different cultures .People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society should creat opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated .At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language ,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.
Chapter9
Mongoloid 蒙古人的
Plymouth 普利茅斯
Concord 康科德
Lexington列克星顿
Militiamen 民兵
The Treaty of Paries 巴黎条约The civil war 内战
Saratoga 萨拉托加
The Emancipation Proclamation 《解放宣言》
Gettysburg葛底斯堡
Richmond里士满
The Axis countries 轴心国Normandy 诺曼底The Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义Watergate Scandal 水门事件Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 战略武器限制条约
The North American Free Trade Agreement[NAFTA]北美自由贸易协定The Pentagon 五角大楼
The US.Capitol 国会大厦
The al-Qaeda基地组织
Small contingents 分遣队
Taliban regime 塔利班政权
State of the Union Address国家咨文
1.What was the cause of the American Civil War?
The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black Afican slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slacers as their property.
In the North ,with the development of industry ,there was a growing demand for free labor . what ‘s more ,the Northerners demanded a law to protect
tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.
2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of the World War
2?
During the Two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage .However,Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries .Therefore , they not only retained their military forces ,but also accumulated great wealth .When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory wit other allies,America greatly strengthened its power and become a powerful country be the end of the world war 2.
《英美概况》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：107013841 2. 课程中文名称：英美概况 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries — an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：32 5. 课程学分数：2 6. 授课对象: 英语专业二年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 《英美概况》是英语专业本科的一门专业任选课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修修养，加深对英语国家语言、文化和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 在课程的教学过程中，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些反映英美国家文化的优
英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest
英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案） （第I卷客观题共45分） 1. 选择题（共30 分; 每题1 分） U.K. 1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . D A. passing the bills B. advising the government C. political parties D. public attitude 2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and . D A. government intervention B. nationalization of enterprises C. social reform D. a belief in individualism 3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. 4. Cabinet members are chosen by ___ in Britain. B A. the monarch B. the Prime Minister C. the Archbishop D. the Lord Chancellor 5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages. 6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain. 7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . A A. Trooping the Color B. Queen 's Christmas message C. Boxing Day D. Christmas pantomime 8. Among Britain q'uaslity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “ BigThree with the exception of The Observer. 9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million. 10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland. 11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and tht e dUSntiates will stand side by side ”. 12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ___ . A A. set up the National Health Services B. improved public transportation C. abolished the old tax system D. enhanced the economic development 13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policy since World War II. 14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century. 15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . C A. the frequent fog in winter B. the large number of rainy days C. extreme coldness even in summer D. changeability all the year round 16. Samuel Johnson 'dsictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling in English. 17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek words to English. 18. __ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. C A. Australia B. Canada C. India D. the Union of South Africa 19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growth si nee the end of World War II. 20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain.
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
《英语国家概况》补充材料 A：名词解释补充 The Pilgrim Fathers（英国清教徒）: This is given to those members who made the first crossing on the famous Mayflower, which landed at Plymouth harbor in December 1620. Jacksonian democracy（杰克森式民主）:It is used in American politics to describe the period when the “common man” participated in the government, occurring after Jeffersonian democracy. The Progressive Movement（革新运动）:It was a reform movement that reached its height in the early 20th century. This arose as a response to the vast changes brought by industrialization. The Union Flag（英国国旗）:Also known as the Union Jack. It is the national flag of the UK. It symbolizes the 4 administrative nations, the England, Scotland, Wales and the Northern Ireland. The red cross stands for England, the diagonal Red Cross stands for Ireland and the diagonal white cross stands for Scotland. British Commonwealth（英联邦）:Also known as the Commonwealth of Nations. It includes the UK and the 40 or so former British colonies that are now sovereign states. It was formally established in 1931. European Union（欧盟）:It is an economic and political union established in 1993. The establishment of the European Union expanded the political scope of the European Economic, especially in the area of foreign and security policies, and provided for the creation of a central European bank and the adoption of a common currency. Domesday Book（末日审判书）: The written record of a census and survey of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086. Stonehenge（巨石阵）:A group of standing stones on a plain in the southern England. The arrangement of the stones suggests that it was used as a religious center and also as an astronomical observatory. Julius Caesar（凯撒大帝）:He is a roman general, statesman and historian. He invaded British, conquered the army of his political enemy Pompey, and pursued other enemies to Egypt. He returned to Rome, and was given a order by the people to rule as dictator until he was murdered. Protestantism（新教）: One of the 3 major branches of Christianity, originating in the 16th century Reformation in Europe. Margaret Thatcher（撒切尔夫人）: She is the first British female Prime Minister who held the office of PM Longer than anyone else in the 20th century. She was elected in 1979, shored up a Conservative-led government, favored privatization plans. Her nickname is “The Iron Lady”; she was elected to three consecutive terms and resigned in1990 Keynesian（凯恩斯主义）: The economic theories of economist Keynes, who advocate government monetary and fiscal programs, designed to increase employment and stimulate business activity. Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）:A famous church located in London, where English monarchs are crowned and distinguished English subjects are buried. The Poets’ Corner conta ins the graves of great English writers. Grammar school: Originally meant to educate the young in Latin grammar and that of another European language. These schools in modern UK are intended to teach a highly academic class and teach students to deal with abstract concepts. The American Revolution（独立战争）: Also known as the War of Independence, it began in 1775 and ended in 1783. It ended 2 centuries of British rule for most of the North American colonies and created the United States of America.
Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack （英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗） 2. The basic information of each country: Count ry Capital Area Memo Englan d London 最大 1.最不会把自己的 “英格兰文化区 别于其他文化” 2.一个高度城市化
3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britain the island of Ireland
surrounding isles ●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland ●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain : At first, England was occupied by Celtic people. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire. Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded. Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English. PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,
英语国家概况 名词解释 1. The civil rights movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states. 2. A federal system A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each. 3. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance Riverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides. 6. The House of Commons The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them. 7. The Commonwealth It is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. 8. Maoritanga Maoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions. 9. The “Washminster” form polity The ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political
英语作业答案 Unit 1 Ⅰ.Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False. 1. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F)British 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4.In terms of population and area，Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. (F)英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的 5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales. (T)The River Severn:赛文河 6. Because of political troubles，Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. (T) Ⅱ. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1. The two main islands of the British Isles are. 不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：不列颠和爱尔兰 A.Great Britain and Ireland B.Great Britain and Scotland C.Great Britain and Wales D.Great Britain and England 2. is the capital city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom，is the smallest. A.England B. Scotland C.Wales D. Northern Ireland 4. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English. A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek 5. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by theinfluence. A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish 6. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of. A. grammar B. handwriting C.spelling D. pronunciation 7. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in Engli sh. A. half B. aquarter C. One third D. one fifth III. Give brief answers to the following questions· 1. What is the full name of the U.K.? The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland? They like to enjoy the beautifulScottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsman wearing kilts and playing bagpipes. 3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into