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words and expression 重点
usage 难点
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点 国学：察己则可以知人，察今则可以知古 theme n. central adj. various adj cartoon n. be famous for roller coaster n. whichever pron fairy tale fantasy n. amusement n. swing n. vt. & vi. (swung, swung) attraction n. no wonder tourism n. wherever pron. unique adj.
carpenter n. craftsman n.
engine n. bald adj.
preserve vt. n. length n.
deed n. knight n.
be modeled after sword n.
tournament n. settler n.
athletic adj. translator n.
minority n. cloth n.
jungle n. diver n.
creature n. sunlight n.
advance vt. & vi. in advance
advanced adj. and n.
get close to come to life
outing n. admission n.
shuttle n. freeway n.
souvenir n. sneaker n.
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Unit 5 Theme parks 1.various adj.不同的，各种各样的 n.________种类；变化v._________变化 The products we sell are ________(vary). a variety of varieties of+n. =various +n.各种各样的...（different kinds/sorts of）vary from... to...从...到...变化vary in...在某方面不同vary with...随...变化This tool can be used in a _______(vary) of ways. _______(vary) of ways. The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages _______(various) from 10 to 15. The students’ homework varies____quality. The price of tomatoes_______(vary) _____ season. 2.be famous/known/well-known for..以..而出名 be famous/known/well-known as...作为..而出名 be famous/known/well-known to...为..所熟知 Jay Chou’s songs are known______ young people. ______ his inventions. Thomas Edison is famous ______ an inventor. ______ us. 3.amusement n.消遣；娱乐（entertainment） _________v.使发笑/逗乐_________adj. _________adj. He finds __________(amuse) in collecting stamps. to one’s amusement令某人愉快/感到好笑的是 in/with amusement 愉快地 _____our amusement,the boy acted as an old man. There are many __________(amuse) here,such as discos,plays,films,concerts and football matches. The performer did what he could _________(amuse) the audience.
人教版2018高一英语必修一Unit5单词表 人教版2018高一英语必修一Unit 5单词表 Unit 5 △Nelsn andela 纳尔逊•曼德拉（前南非共和国总统） quality n. 质量；品质；性质 △war-hearted ad. 热心肠的 ean ad. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 ative ad. 积极的；活跃的 generus ad. 慷慨的；大方的 △easy-ging ad. 随和的 温和宽容的 self n. 自我；自身 selfish ad. 自私的 selfless ad. 无私的；忘我的 selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地 devte vt. （与t连用）献身；专心于 devted ad. 忠实的；深爱的 △illia Tyndale 威廉•廷代尔（英国早期新教改革者） △Bible n. 《圣经》
△Nran Bethune 诺曼•白求恩 （加拿大胸外科医师） △invader n. 侵略者 fund vt. 建立；建设 republi n. 共和国；共和政体 priniple n. 法则；原则；原理 △natinalis n. 民族主义； 国家主义 △livelihd n. 生计；谋生 △handas Gandhi 莫罕达斯•甘地（印度国民大会党领袖）peaeful ad. 和平的；平静的；安宁的 △giant ad. 巨大的；庞大的 △leap n. 飞跃；跳跃 ankind n. 人类 △Elias n. 伊莱亚斯（男名） lawyer n. 律师 guidane n. 指导；领导 legal ad. 法律的；依照法律的 fee n. 费（会费、学费等）；酬金 △passbk n. 南非共和国有色人种的身份证 △hannesburg n. 约翰内斯堡
1.quality n.质量；品质；性质 (1).His action speaks well for his good quality. 他的举止表明他具有良好的品质。 (2).In no case can we cheapen the quality of products. 在任何情况下我们都不能降低产品质量。 high quality高品质quality control质量控制，质量管理 quality first质量第一quality of life生活质量；基本生活条件quality education素质教育；优质教育2.active adj. 积极地；活跃的 active in积极于active role积极任务；活跃角色play active part积极的作用；能动部分，主动部分 3.generously ①慷慨的，大方的+in doing sth做事不吝啬/with sth对物不吝啬 be generous to sb with sth对某人慷慨大方The boss is generous to the poor students with their education. ②宽宏大量的，宽厚的+to sb I belive he was generously enough after your contradicting him. 4.Self n.自我；自身Selfish n.自私的Selfless n. 无私的；忘我的Selflessly n. 无私地；忘我地6.devote vt. 献身于；专心于devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 She devoted her life to God. 她献身于上帝。 devote to sth奉献; 投身于; 致力于; 献身于be devoted to sb/sth 专心致力于... to是介词 7.found (founded, founded) Vt.①.建立; 建造 ②.创立,创办They founded a college. 他们创办了一所大学。 ③.将...建立在[H][(+on/upon)] His theory is founded on facts. 他的理论建立在事实的基础上。 founder名词n. 1.创立者;奠基者;缔造者[C] He is the founder of the club. 他是这个俱乐部的创始人。foundation基础Find on what foundation the proposition bottoms. 找出这个命题建立在什么基础上。 the foundation of …的基础 8.legal adj. legally adv. 反义词illegal We engage you as a legal adviser. 我们聘请你当法律顾问。合法的be legal to do sth 9.fee (vs) fare fare: n. 车费fee: n. 薪金，费The fee for the concert is two dollars. 音乐会的票价是两块钱 10.youth ①v. 青年时期②c. 年轻人③ the youth 复数含义 In one’s youth. 在某人年轻时(2).She keeps her youth well. 她善于保养她的青春。 11.violence n. 暴力；侵犯；激烈；歪曲 family violence家庭暴力；家庭暴力事件physical violence身体暴力，躯体暴力 do violence to破坏；歪曲；强暴对待Violent adj. 12.blow up爆发，爆炸；放大；使充气
THEME PARKS— FUN AND MORE THAN FUN 主题公园——不单单是乐趣 Which theme park would you like to visit你愿意参观哪个主题公园There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.有各种各样的主题公园，主题公园里有不同的公园，每个公园里几乎有各种东西：饮食，文化，科学，动漫，电影或历史。 【注释：various adj.不同的；各种各样的；多方面的many and various各种各样的； a variety of/ varieties of种种；vary between …and…由…到…情况不等；vary from…to 由…到…情况不等；vary from不同于；vary in sth.在某方面不同；eg. 1) There’s a variety of dishes on the meanu.菜单上有种类繁多的菜肴。2）The menu varies with the season.菜单随季节而变动。3）Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.班级的数目从25到30不等。 考题：1．There are________flowers and trees shown in the park and ________ people go to have a look. A．a plenty of；many B．varieties of；various C．various；many D．quite a few；quite a little】 Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.一些公园以拥有最大的或最长的过山车而出名，别的公园则以展示令人满意的文化视听而出名。
Unit5 Languages around the world 一、单词拼写 1．We had to ___________(搏斗) against strong winds all the way. 2．Christina has her own ___________(公寓)，with her own car. 3．It’s only five minutes walk to the ___________(地铁) station. 4．Fitness is important in sport，but of at least ___________(同样的) importance are skills. 5．There have been ___________(要求) for the prime minister to resign. 6．The beauty of the waterfall is beyond ___________(形容)． 7．You can ___________(讲述) your experience in the discussion. 8．It’s very rude to stick your ___________(舌头) out at people. 9．There is a ___________(间隔) of ten miles between the two villages. 10．There are many ___________(汽油) stations along this road. 11．They should therefore unite to ___________(奋斗) together. 12．I tried speaking to her in her native ___________(语言)． 13．I locked myself out of our ___________(公寓) and had to break in. 14．Black people are born ___________(相同的) to the whites so they should share the same rights as them. 15．As populations increase across Australia and the rest of the world，___________(需求) for water will also increase. 16．The sentence provides a vivid (生动的) ___________(描写)． 17．He has a poor ___________(词汇)，so he can’t express himself correctly.
Unit 5 ELIAS` STORY My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well.After trying hard,I got a job in a gold mine.However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said:"The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there .In fact as Nelson Mandela said:“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.…… As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. Book 1 Unit 5 △Nelson Mandela /'nelsn m?n'del?/ 纳尔逊·曼德拉(前南非共和国总统) quality /'kw?l?ti/ n. 质量；品质；性质 △warm-hearted /w?:m 'ha:tid/ adj. 热心肠的 mean /mi:n/ adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 active /'?ktiv/ adj. 积极的；活跃的 generous /'d?en?r?s/ adj. 慷慨的；大方的 △easy-going /i:zi:'g?ui?/ adj. 随和的；温和宽容的 self /self/ n. 自我；自身 selfish /'selfi?/ adj. 自私的 selfless /'selflis/ adj. 无私的；忘我的 selflessly /'selflisli/ adv. 无私地；忘我地 devote /di'v?ut/ vt. （与to连用）献身；专心于 devoted /di'v?utid/ adj. 忠实的；深爱的 △William Tyndale /'wilj?m 'tindl/ ` v cde2威廉·廷代尔(英国早期新教改革者) △Bible /'baibl/ n．《圣经》 △Norman Bethune /'n?:m?n b?'θu:n/ 诺曼·白求恩(加拿大胸外科医师) △invader /in'veid?/ n. 侵略者 found /faund/ vt. 建立；建设 republic /ri'p?blik/ n. 共和国；共和政体 principle /'prins?pl/ n. 法则；原则；原理 △nationalism /'n??n?liz?m/ n. 民族主义；国家主义
1. preserve The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. How do they preserve food? No hunting is allowed in natural preserves. ____________________ preservation n. ________________ 2. swing ______________/____________ His arms swung / He swung his arms as he walked. ____________________ The girl sat on a swing, ___________(swing) back and forth. ____________________ She swing around/round on him angrily. He swings from wild optimism _________ total despair(绝望). 3. advance The troops advanced even at night. ____________________ Our soldiers advanced bravely against the enemy. ____________________ He was advanced to the rank of captain. ____________________ You must pay for the book in advance. ____________________ 【拓展】：advanced adj.高级的；先进的advanced English高级英语 advanced technology先进技术in advance 提前 in advance of 在……前面，比……进步 4. various adj. There are various colors to choose from. There are various ways of getting to the station. 【拓展】variety n.变化；多样性；种类 a variety of = varieties of多种的，不同种类的 vary vi.& vt. 变化；不同；改变 [练习]：1) .She made the children glad in________ ways. 2). The doctor suggested that he ________his diet. 3). All of them arrived late for a ________of reasons. 4). Wheat is grown in ________parts of the country. 5). The shopping-centre sells _________ goods. 6). The weather _________ from day to day. 5. admission n. U. __________________ Admission to British universities depends on examination results.___________________ Do they charge for admission?_________________________ an admission that one has lied _____________________ an admission of guilt / failure / defeat_________________________ 【拓展】：admission free ______________ by/on one’s own admission 如自己所承认的 admit v. ______________________________________ admit doing / having done sth .____________ 6. be famous/known for__________________ New York is known for its skyscrapers. be famous/known _______ sth. 作为……而被知道，了解
高中英语必修四Unit5单词讲解 1)theme n. [C] 1. The main theme of discussion was press censorship. (新闻审查制度)。 2. The theme of the poem is love and peace. 3. Our school themes must be written in ink and on white paper. 2)central (adj.) 1. The railroad station is in the central part of the city. 2. The head office is in the central part of the city. 3. What's the central idea of the article? center (n.) 1.Alice stood in the center of a large group. 2. Our city is the industry center of the country. 3)various (adj.) 1. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons. 2. Wheat is grown in various parts of the country. vary (vt.) (vi.) 1. He never varied his habits. 2. Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting. That sort of thing varies from person to person. V ariety （n.） 1. What other ways do you know to add variety? 2.People like to live a life full of variety. 3.He has a variety of interests. 4. Hospitals deal with diseases of every variety. 4)be famous for be famous as 5)whichever (pron.) &(adj. ) 1. She'll buy whichever is cheapest. 2.Whichever you like is yours. 3.Whichever did you choose? 4. You'll find deer crossings whichever road you take. 5.Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied. 6)fantasy (n.)
1.generously This is the school to which your farther subscribed generously in the past. 这就是你父亲生前为之慷慨捐助的学校。 ①慷慨的，大方的 +doing sth/with sth be generous to sb with sth The boss is generous to the poor students with their education. ② 宽宏大量的，宽厚的+to sb I belive he was generously enough after your contradicting him. 2.quality n.质量；品质；性质 (1).His action speaks well for his good quality. 他的举止表明他具有良好的品质。 (2).In no case can we cheapen the quality of products. 在任何情况下我们都不能降低产品质量。 high quality高品质 product quality产品质量 quality control质量控制，质量管理 quality management质量管理 quality first质量第一 quality of life生活质量；基本生活条件 quality education素质教育；优质教育 3.active adj. 积极地；活跃的 (1).Mr. Jack was once active in the church, but he has backslidden. 杰克先生一度在教会里很活跃，但他已变得不虔诚了。 (2).Peace and stability in the world need the active involvement of China.
英语必修四复习提纲-Unit5 Theme Parks Unit5 Theme Parks 1.基础整理 theme central various artoon be famous for roller coaster pirate fairy whichever fantasy amusement swing attravtion swing no wonder tourism wherever unique carpenter craftsman engine bald preserve lenghth deed knight be modelled after sword tourment settler ahtletic translator minority cloth diver jungle reature advance brand come to life outing admission shuttle freeway souvenir sneaker brochure 2.词语归纳 1）theme 表示“主题，目的”。 表示“学生的作文”。 2）amuse 表示“使发笑，使愉快”。 amuse oneself with…以……自娱（消遣）。 be amused at/by/with 以……为乐。 3）variety 是名词，表示“变化，多样性，种类”。 a variety of表示“各种各样的”后常接名词复数或集合名词。 a great/large /wide variety of 是a variety的加强语气的说法。 varieties of表示“不同种类的”。 4）charge 作动词，表示“收费”。 charge for因……向……要价。 表示“控诉”，常用于短语charge sb with以……指控某人。 charge sth （up）to sb/charge sth up将某人的欠款记在账上。 charge还可以表示“充电，充满，攻击，命令”。 作名词，表示“费用，主管，掌管”常用的短语： in charge of 掌管，管理。 in/under the charge of在……管理之下。 on the/a charge of…以……的罪名。 5）admission 表示“允许进入”后接介词to或者into。 表示“入场费”。 表示“承认”。 by/on one’s own admission如自己所承认的。 6）profit 作名词，表示“利润，利益”。 at a profit获利，赚钱。 作及物动词，表示“有益于……，有利于……对……有好处”。后面接双宾语，也可用在被动语态。 作不及物动词，表示“得益于……，从……得到好处”，常与介词by，from和of连用，但后面出现动名词时，用from。
必修4 Unit 1 achievement n. 成就；功绩 △Joan of Arc 圣女贞德（法国民族女英雄） △Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白?弗赖伊（英国慈善家） △Quaker n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员 welfare n. 福利；福利事业 project n. 项目；工程；规划 institute n. 学会；学院；协会 △China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会 specialist n. 专家；专业工作者 △specialize vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 △Jane Goodall 简?古道尔(英国动物学家) △chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩 connection n. 连接；关系 human being 人类 △Jody Williams 乔迪?威廉斯（美国诺贝尔和平奖得者）campaign n. 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动 △landmine n. 地雷 organization n. 组织；机构；团体 △Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公(位于坦桑尼亚) behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性 shade n. 荫；阴凉vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 nest n. 巢；窝 bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带 observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n. 观察；观测 childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela——a modern hero
教材分析：本单元以Nelson Mandela —— a modern hero为话题，目的在于使学 生了解一个伟大的人应具备怎样的品质，学会表达自己的观点，并用所学的句型来描写一个伟人。 提示： 1、本单元从warm-up开始，到最后的writing，都是以第三人称的角度来进行描述的，因此， 教学中要注意这种人称的前后一致，否则无法前后一致的引导学生进行学习和表达。 2、Reading部分侧重于理解，以及理解基础上的summary，这为最后的writing做好的铺垫 和积累（尤其是关键单词、句型和结构的积累），最后的writing要是前面阅读后的仿写（当然能力较强的学生也可以不受限制的开展写作）。 3、如何激发学生学习关于这些伟人的文章，是需要教师思考的：这些伟人学生会感兴趣吗？ 学生了解多少关于这几位伟人的伟大业绩？从哪些角度来导入会让学生更加的感兴趣？4、教学目标建议增加：通过学习文章和相关素材，进一步了解伟人的生平事迹，尤其是如何 才能成为伟人。培养学生初步使用相关词汇、句型和文章结构进行人物生平描述的口语表达和基础写作能力。 Teaching aims: 1. To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about heroes in history 2. To develop Ss’ listening and speaking ability. Teaching procedures: Step1 warming up ●Describe yourselves First what kind of person are you? (shy, outgoing, fun, mean, immature, nice, kind, honest, brave, loyal, happy, wise, smart, friendly, warm, cheerful, popular, generous, hard-working, diligent, weak, stupid, lazy, dishonest, tense, cold, unkind, miserable, dull, strong-minded, determined etc.) ●Discussion (Encourage students to give five or six qualities that they think great persons have, and give their reasons.)提示：What kind of great persons? Politicians,
人教版】英语必修 4 单 词表 Unit 1 achievement n. 成就；功绩 Joan of Arc 圣女贞德（法国民族女英雄） Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白? 弗赖伊（英国慈善家） Quaker n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员 welfare n. 福利；福利事业 project n . 项目；工程；规划 institute n. 学会；学院；协会 China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会 specialist n. 专家；专业工作者 specialize vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 Jane Goodall 简? 古道尔（英国动物学家） chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩 connection n. 连接；关系 human being 人类 Jody Williams 乔迪? 威廉斯（美国诺贝尔和平奖得者） campaign n. vi. 作战； 运动；战役参加运动 landmine n. 地雷 organization n. 组织；机构；团体 Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园（位于坦桑尼亚）
behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour （=behavior）行为；举止；习性 shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的nest n. 巢；窝bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带 observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n. 观察；观测 childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵 entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演lead a ?life 过着??的生活 crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞support n. & vt. 支持；拥护 look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考refer to 查阅；参考；谈到audience n. 观众；听众；读者 by chance 碰巧；凑巧
人教版2018高一英语必修一Unit 5单词 表 人教版2018高一英语必修一 Unit5单词表 Unit5 ANelsonandela 纳尔逊?曼德拉（前南非共和国总统） qualityn.质量；品质；性质 A war-heart edadj.热心肠的 eanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 activeadj.积极的；活跃的 generousadj.慷慨的；大方的 Aeasy-goingadj.随和的 温和宽容的 selfn.自我；自身 selfishadj.自私的 selflessadj.无私的；忘我的 selflesslyadv.无私地；忘我地 devotevt.（与to连用）献身；专心于 devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的 AWilliaTyndale威廉?廷代尔（英国早期新教改革者）
ABiblen?《圣经》ANoranBethune诺曼?白求恩
（加拿大胸外科医师） Ainvadern.侵略者 foundvt.建立；建设 feen?费（会费、学费等）；酬金 repub lien.共和国; 共和政体 principlen.法则；原则；原理 Anationalisn.民族主义； 国家主义 Alivelihoodn.生计；谋生 AohandasGandhi 莫罕达斯?甘地（印度国民大会党领 袖） peacefuladj.和平的；平静的； 安宁的 Agiantadj.巨大的；庞大的 Aleapn.飞跃；跳跃 anindn.人类 AEliasn.伊莱亚斯（男名） lawyern.律师 guidancen.指导；领导 legaladj.法律的; 依照法律的 Apassboon.南非共和国有色人种的身份证Ajohannesburgn.约翰内斯堡 （南非城市）
必修 4 behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举Unit 1 止；习性 achievement n. 成就；功绩s hade n. 荫；阴凉处 △Joan of Arc 圣女贞德v t. 遮住光线 （法国民族女英雄）move off 离开；起程；出发 △Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白?弗赖伊worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 （英国慈善家）nest n. 巢；窝 △Quaker n. 教友派信徒；贵格会bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带 守 会员 o bserve vt. 观察；观测；遵 welfare n. 福利；福利事业observation n. 观察；观测project n. 项目；工程；规划childhood n. 童年；幼年时代institute n. 学会；学院；协会outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 △China Welfare Institute 中国福respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 利基金会argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论specialist n. 专家；专业工作者argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵△specialize vi. 专攻；专门从事；entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱 专注于乐表演 △Jane Goodall简?古道尔l ead a ?life 过着??的生活 (英国动物学家) crowd n. 人群；观众 △chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩vt. 挤满；使拥挤 connection n. 连接；关系crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上human being 人类 心头；涌入脑海 △Jody Williams 乔迪?威廉斯inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 △inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞（美国诺贝尔和平 护 奖得者）support n. & vt. 支持；拥campaign n. 运动；战役l ook down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 vi. 作战；参加运动refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 △landmine n. 地雷refer to 查阅；参考；谈到organization n. 组织；机构；团体audience n. 观众；听众；读者 △Gombe National Park 贡贝国家by chance 碰巧；凑巧 公园come across （偶然）遇见；碰见 (位于坦桑△career n. 事业；生涯 )rate n. 比率；速度 尼亚 behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行sickness n. 疾病；恶心 i ntend vt. 计划；打算 为）表现