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高考英语一轮复习语法专题情态动词与虚拟语气(1)(讲)新人教版必修4

高考英语一轮复习语法专题情态动词与虚拟语气(1)(讲)新人教版必修4
高考英语一轮复习语法专题情态动词与虚拟语气(1)(讲)新人教版必修4

情态动词和虚拟语气(1)

情态动词基本用法:

(1)can和could

①can的用法:a.表示体力和脑力方面的能力。b.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。c.表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。d.表示允许,意思与may接近。e.表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。f. can的特殊句型:cannot…too / enough 表示“无论怎么……也不过分”。“越……越好”。cannot but+ do sth. 表示“不得不,只好”。

②could的用法:a.表示能力,指的是过去时间。b.表示允许,指的是过去时间。c.表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。d.委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。

③can与could的区别:can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。couldn’t 的可能性比can’t小。

④can与be able to的区别:a.现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。b.完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用have(has, had)been able to。c.将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。

d.过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。

(2)may 和might

①may的用法:a.表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。b.表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。

②might的用法:a.表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。b.表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。

③may与might的特殊用法:a. “may+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿。b. “may/ might well+动词原形”表示(完全)能,很可能。c. “may/ might as well+动词原形”表示最好,满可以,倒不如。

d. may be 是“情态动词+系动词be”结构,表示“可能有,可能在”,否定式为may not be。maybe是一个词,为副词,意为“大概,或许,可能”,在句中作状语。

(3)must的用法

①表示“必须”,多强调说话人的主观看法。

②must和have to 的区别:a. must表示说话人的义务或说话人主观认为“必须,应当”做某事;have to表示由于某种外界原因而“必须,不得不”做某事。即must侧重说明主观看法,have to强调客观需要。b. must只有一种形式,可用于现在、过去或将来时,但have to 有不同的形式,可用于不同的时态。c.在否定句中,don’t need to, don’t have to, needn’t 表示没有义务;mustn’t表示禁止。

③must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意为“不许,禁止”,表示绝对禁止。若表示“没必要,不必”,应使用needn’t或don’t have to。注意:对must作否定回答时,不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t have to。must 表示“偏偏”,指令人不快的事情。

(4)need的用法

①need用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。

②回答need时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。

③need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。

④need to do和need doing:need to do中不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语;need doing 是主动形式表示被动含义,即need前的主语就是need后面的动词所表示的动作的承受者。注意:want和require作“需要”讲时,和need的用法相同。

⑤needn’t have done与didn’t need to do:needn’t have done表示过去本不必做但实际上却做了某事;didn’t need to do表示过去不必做而实际上也没做某事

(5)dare的用法

①dare用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句和条件句中;它没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。

②dare用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。注意:a. I dare say意为“我认为,我相信,很可能”。b. dare用作实义动词时,表示“敢冒(危险),不俱”。

c. dare可用于激将或挑战。

(6)will和would

①will的用法:a.可以表示主观意志、意愿,可用于各种人称。b.可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。c. 表示命令(说话这确信命令一定会得到执行)或允诺。d. will可用于祈使句的附加疑问句。e. 用于疑问句,表“邀请,请求”,常与第二人称you连用。

②would的用法:a. 作为will的过去时态,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志,意为“愿意,执意”。b. 用与第二人称,表示谦恭的请求或征求意见,比will更为客气。c. 表示过去的习惯,后接动词原形,意为“总是,总会”。d. would表意愿用于词组中。Would like “喜欢,想要”(=would love);Would rather “宁愿”。

(7)shall和should

①shall的用法:a. shall用于第一、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。b. shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。c. 用于所有人称,表示规章、法令、预言等,可译为“必须”。

②should的用法:a. 表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。b. 表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“可能,该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。c. 多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。

(8)情态动词后的某些动词形式

①情态动词+have done

a. “must +have +done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。

b. “can't +have +done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。

c. “can +have +done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”

d. “could +have +done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。

e. “may +have +done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。

f. “might +have +done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,多用于虚拟语气结构中;还可以表示“本来可能……”。

g. “would +have +done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。

h. “should +have +done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't + have +done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。

i. “ought to +have +done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should +have +done”用法基本一样。

j. “need +have+ done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't +have +done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计

高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

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情态动词和虚拟语气在高考大纲中的要求是学习资料

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高中英语情态动词与虚拟语气

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高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

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have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 5. He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. express B. would express have expressed have expressed 6. -----I’m sorry. I at you the other day. ------Forget it, I was a bit out of control myself. ’t shout ’t have shouted is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday. # -------You it in the wrong place. A.must put B. should have put put have put 8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. have taken have taken ’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken 9. As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning. ’t ’t ’t ’t did you do on the driving test ---------Not so well. I much better, but I was too nervous. do have done ’t have done D. should do

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