任务型阅读
一
Do you often see silly words or drawing scratched onto the desks in your classroom? Have you ever found chewing gum on the floor of your classroom or around the campus? How many times have you seen broken windows、doors in the classrooms and school buildings? This is vandalism, the destruction or damaging of public property for no obvious reason.
Vandalism in school is becoming a growing problem, and it is costing us more than money. It is expensive to repaint the desks, clear them of chewing gum and to repair school furniture. Moreover, it costs us our sense of self-respect and feeling of pride in our school. Many students see this damage and lose some pride in their school.
What , then can we do to prevent vandalism in school? First of all, we need to make students come to realize the importance of taking care of public property. School property should be treated with care so that it can be used by all the students. Therefore, damaging school property means damaging the enjoyment or other students. If we can explain this to students, then they will be less likely to damage school property when they know that it will not only pollute the environment but also hurt themselves as well.
Secondly, we should learn to observe school rules and regulations. These rules and regulations are there to look after both the students and the school. Whenever we see any acts of vandalism, we need to remind the people of the rules and try to prevent these acts from happening. If it is serious vandalism, we need to report it to the teacher or parents.
Thirdly, anyone who vandalizes school property should receive some kind of punishment. For example, if someone has torn a page from a library book, he or she would have to carefully tape the page back into the book, making an apology for a librarian. If someone write or draws on a desk, he or she should stay behind after school and clean all the desks in the classroom. Such punishment is not harsh, but can make them conscious of their misbehavior.
Vandalism costs schools money that could be better spent on educating students, and it harms students’ pride in their school as well. If we educate students about vandalism and work to prevent it from happening, then we will begin to see cleaner schools、bright classrooms and happier students.
In a word, as students, we should keep some do’s and don’ts in our mind to guide our behavior in school. At the same time, we are trying hard to get id of our bad habits, to be a civilized student.
二
As the Arctic warms, greenhouse gases will be released from thawing（融化）permafrost（永久冻土）faster and at significantly higher levels than previous estimates, according to survey results from 41 international scientists published in the Nov. 30 issue of the journal Nature. Permafrost thaw will release approximately the same amount of carbon as deforestation森林开伐, say the authors, but the effect on climate will be 2.5 times bigger because emissions发射include methane（甲烷）, which has a greater effect on warming than carbon dioxide.
The survey, led by University of Florida researcher Edward Schuur and University of Alaska Fairbanks graduate student Benjamin Abbott, asked climate experts what percentage of the surface permafrost is likely to thaw, how much carbon will be released and how much of that carbon will be methane. The authors estimate that the amount of carbon released by 2100 will be 1.7 to 5.2 times larger than reported in recent modeling studies, which used a similar warming scenario（局面）.
"The larger estimate is due to the inclusion（包含）of processes missing from current models and new estimates of the amount of organic carbon stored deep in frozen soils," Abbott said. "There's more organic carbon in northern soils than there is in all living things combined; astonishingly Northern soils hold around 1,700 billion tons of organic carbon, around four times more than all the carbon ever emitted by modern human activity and twice as much as is now in the atmosphere, according to the latest estimate. When permafrost thaws, organic material in the soil decomposes(分解) and releases gases such as methane and carbon dioxide.
"In most ecosystems organic matter is concentrated only in the top meter of soils, but when arctic soils freeze and thaw the carbon can work its way many meters down, said Abbott, who studies how carbon is released from collapsed收缩的landscapes -- a process not accounted for in current models. Until recently that deep carbon was not included in soil inventories and it still is not accounted for in most climate models.
"We know about a lot of processes that will affect the fate of arctic carbon, but we don't yet know how to mix them into climate models," Abbott said. "We're hoping to identify some of those processes and help the models catch up."
Most large-scale models assume that permafrost warming depends on how much the air above the permafrost is warming. Missing from the models, say the authors, are processes such as the effects of abrupt thawing that can melt an ice wedge(冰楔), result in collapsed ground and accelerate additional thawing.
"This survey is part of the scientific process, what we think is going to happen in the future, and how we come up with testable hypotheses for future research," Schurr said. "Our survey outlines the additional risk to society caused by thawing of the frozen North and the need to reduce fossil fuel use and deforestation."
By combining data from previous models with expert predictions the authors hope to provide a frame of reference(参照标准) for scientists studying all aspects of climate change. "Permafrost carbon release is not going to overshadow fossil fuel emissions as the main driver of climate change" said Schuur, "but it is an important amplifier（放大器）of climate change."
三
Researchers at Sweden's KTH Royal Institute of Technology say they have found further proof that the wolf ancestors of today's domesticated (驯化)dogs can be traced to southern East Asia -- findings that run counter to(违反)theories placing the cradle（摇篮，发源地）of the canine （似犬的）line in the Middle East. Dr Peter Savolainen, KTH researcher in evolutionary genetics(遗传学), says a new study released Nov. 23 confirms that an Asian region south of the Yangtze River was the principal and probably only region in which wolves were domesticated(家养的) by humans.
Data on genetics, morphology（形态学）and behaviour show clearly that dogs are from wolves, but there's never been scientific consensus（一致，舆论）on where in the world the domestication process began. "Our analysis of Y-chromosomal(染色体的) DNA now confirms that wolves were first domesticated in Asia south of Yangtze River -- we call it the ASY region -- in southern China or Southeast Asia," Savolainen says.
The Y data supports previous evidence from DNA. "Taken together, the two studies provide very strong evidence that dogs originated in the ASY region," Savolainen says.
Archaeological(考古学的) data and a genetic study have recently been published in Nature suggest that dogs originate from the Middle East. But Savolainen rejects that view. "Because none of these studies included samples from the ASY region, evidence from ASY has been overlooked," he says.
Peter Savolainen and PhD student Mattias Oskarsson worked with Chinese colleagues to analyze DNA from male dogs around the world. Their study was published in the scientific journal Heredity（遗传）.
Approximately half of the gene pool was universally shared everywhere in the world, while only the ASY region had the entire range of genetic diversity. "This shows that gene pools in all other regions of the world most probably originate from the ASY region," Savolainen says.
"Our results confirm that Asia south of the Yangtze River was the most important -- and probably
the only -- region for wolf domestication, and that a large number of wolves were domesticated," says Savolainen.
In separate research published recently in Ecology and Evolution, Savolainen, PhD student Arman Ardalan and Iranian and Turkish scientists studied mitochondrial（线粒体）DNA carefully , with a particular focus on the Middle East. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited(遗传而得) only from the mother in most species, it is especially useful in studying evolutionary relationships进化关系.
"Since the studies have indicated that dogs from wolves can be traced to the Middle East, we wanted to be sure nothing had been missed. We find no signs whatever that dogs originated there," says Savolainen.
In their studies, the researchers also found minor(较小的)genetic contributions from crossbreeding(杂交繁育) between dogs and wolves in other geographic regions, including the Middle East.
"This subsequent (随后的)dog/wolf hybridization（杂交）contributed only modestly谨慎地；
四
Global food demand could double by 2050, according to a new projection by David Tilman, Regents Professor of Ecology in the University of Minnesota's College of Biological Sciences, and colleagues, including Jason Hill, assistant professor in the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences. Producing that amount of food could significantly increase levels of carbon dioxide and nitrogen（氮）in the environment and cause the extinction of numerous species. But this can be avoided, the paper shows, if the high-yielding technologies of rich nations are adapted to work in poor nations, and if all nations use nitrogen fertilizers more efficiently. "Agriculture's greenhouse gas emissions could double by 2050 if current trends in global food
production continue," Tilman said. "Global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions." Much of these emissions come from land clearing, which also threatens species with extinction.
The article shows that if poor nations continue current practices, they will clear a land area larger than the United States (two and a half billion acres) by 2050. But if richer nations help poorer nations improve yields to achievable levels, that could be reduced to half a billion acres.
The research, published Nov. 21 online by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows that adopting nitrogen-efficient "intensive(集中)" farming can meet future global food demand with much lower environmental impacts than the "extensive" farming practiced by many poor nations, which clear land to produce more food. The potential benefits are great. In 2005, crop yields(粮食产量) for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than yields for the poorest nations.
"Strategically intensifying(战略性强化) crop production in developing and least-developed nations would reduce the overall environmental harm caused by food production, as well as provide a more equitable(平衡法的)food supply across the globe," said Hill.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations recently projected (规划)a 70 percent increase in demand. According to Tilman, either projection shows that the world faces major environmental problems unless agricultural practices change.
The environmental impacts of meeting demand depend on how global agriculture expands. Clearing land for agriculture and the use of fuel and fertilizers to grow crops increases carbon and nitrogen in the environment and causes species extinctions.
In the paper, Tilman and his collaborators explore different ways of meeting demand for food and their environmental effects. In essence(实质上), the options are to increase productivity on existing agricultural land, clear more land, or do a combination of both. They consider various plans in which the amount of nitrogen use, land cleared, and resulting greenhouse gas emissions differ.
"Our analyses show that we can save most of the Earth's remaining ecosystems生态系统by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves," Tilman said.
Christian Blazer, from the University of California Santa Barbara, collaborated with Tilman and Hill on the research. Belinda Befort, University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences, also
五
Ever wondered why flies are attracted to beer? Entomologists（昆虫学家）at the University of California, Riverside have, and offer an explanation. They report that flies sense glycerol（甘油）, a sweet-tasting compound that yeasts(酵母) make during fermentation（发酵）. "Insects use their taste system to glean（收集）important information about the quality and nutritive value营养值of food sources," said Anupama Dahanukar, an assistant professor of entomology, whose lab conducted the research. "Sugars signal high nutritive value to flies, but little is known about which chemical cues(线索；提示)flies use for food sources that are low in sugar content -- such as beer." Dahanukar's lab examined the feeding preference（偏爱，倾向）of the common fruit fly for beer and other products of yeast fermentation, and found that a receptor(受体) (a protein that serves as a gatekeeper) that is associated with neurons(神经细胞) located in the fly's mouth-parts is instrumental(有助于) in signaling a good taste for beer.
The receptor in question is Gr64e. Once a fly has settled on beer, Gr64e detects glycerol and transmits this information to the fly's neurons, which then influences the fly's behavioral response. Dahanukar explained that flies use other receptors in their sensory organs to find food from a distance.
"Taste becomes important only after the fly makes physical contact with food," she said. "A fly first locates food sources using its odor receptors -- crucial for its long-range attraction to food. Then, after landing on food, the fly uses its taste system to sample the food for suitability in terms of nutrition and toxicity毒性."
Dahanukar, a member of UCR's Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, explained that taste receptors also come into play when a female fly has to locate a suitable site for laying eggs. "Females come to a decision after they have conducted intense probing(认真地探索) of various potential sites," she said.
Study results appeared online Nov. 6 in Nature Neuroscience.
Dahanukar was joined in the project by Zev Wisotsky, Adriana Medina, and Erica Freeman -- all of whom work in her lab.
Wisotsky, a neuro神经science graduate student and the first author of the research paper, performed the imaging, taste electrophysiology and behavior experiments. He was joined in his efforts by Freeman, a bioengineering graduate student, who performed the olfactory（嗅觉的）recordings; and Medina, a junior specialist in entomology昆虫学, who performed the feeding preference experiments and molecular analysis分子分析.
The lab is poised now to move the research forward.
"How do you get information from the chemical environment to the brain -- not just in flies but other insects as well?" Dahanukar said. "How is that information processed to give rise to appropriate behavior? How does feeding behavior change with hunger? These are some questions we would like pursue(寻求)."
The research project was supported in part by a Whitehall Foundation research grant(授予) to Dahanukar and a fellowship(奖学金）from the National Science Foundation Integrated Graduate
六
If your family is like many in the United States, unloading the week’s grocerie s includes hauling a case or two of bottled water into your home. On your way to a soccer game or activity, it’s easy to grab a cold one right out of the fridge, right?
But all those plastic bottles use a lot of fossil fuels and pollute the environment. In fact, Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world, adding 29 billion water bottles a year to the problem. In order to make all these bottles, manufacturers use 17 million barrels of crude oil. That’s enough oil to keep a million ca rs going for twelve months.
Imagine a water bottle filled a quarter of the way up with oil. That’s about how much oil was needed to produce the bottle.
So why don’t more people drink water straight from the kitchen faucet? Some people drink bottled water b ecause they think it is better for them than water out of the tap, but that’s not true. In the United States, local governments make sure water from the faucet is safe. There is also growing concern that chemicals in the bottles themselves may leach into the water.
People love the convenience of bottled water. But maybe if they realized the problems it causes, they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a refillable steel container instead of plastic.
Plastic bottle recycling can help—instead of going out with the trash, plastic bottles can be turned into items like carpeting or cozy fleece clothing.
Unfortunately, for every six water bottles we use, only one makes it to the recycling bin. The rest are sent to landfills. Or, even worse, they end up as trash on the land and in rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Plastic bottles take many hundreds of years to disintegrate.
Water is good for you, so keep drinking it. But think about how often you use water bottles, and see if you can make a change.
Betty McLaughlin, who runs an organization called the Container Recycling Institute, says we should try using fewer bottles: “If you take one to school in your lunch, don’t throw it
away—bring it home and refill it from the tap for the next day. Keep track of how many times you refill a bottle before you recycle it.”
And yes, you can make a difference. Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough
一、1.solving. 2. without. 3. caring. 4. carefully. 5. available. 6. damage/destruct. 7. purpose 8. vandalizing
9. punished. 10. seeing.
二、1.rate/speed 2. carbon 3. including 4. influencing 5. amounts 6. In 7. which 8. over 9. breaks
10. aim/purpose/goal
三、1. South 2.where 3. shown 4. no 5. convince 6. which 7. published 8. study 9. particularly 10. so
四、1.faced 2.changed 3. add 4. destroyed 5. causing 6. appear 7. threatening 8. adapt 9. left 10. less
五、1.tasting 2. gathered 3. using 4. send 5. that 6. link 7. become 8. samples 9. work 10. reach
六、1.Present 2. most 3. Reasons 4. quality 5. convenient 6. production / manufacturing
7. pollution 8. Suggestions / Tips 9. made 10. possible
初中英语任务型阅读理解（七下） 1. If you go to , maybe some people can understand you. 2. Egyptians speak . 3. If you go to , you must learn Russian well. 4. The capital of Singapore is . 5. From the form(表格), we can see that is the most important language. 二 I’ve got some information for everyone going to Britain next month. As you know, you’ll be staying with a family for two weeks. Now the most important thing is money. You should take about ￡30 in cash(现金) and about ￡200 in travelers cheques(支票). Then when you arrive at the airport you’ll be met by our host(主人) family. You must remember to wear a red shirt so the family will find you easily. I’ve told them to look out for the red shirts. You’ll also need to take with you 4 photos of yourself and, of course, it’s very important that you take the school letter. While you are there, if you have any problems, you can call our agent(代理人). I’ll give you her office phone number now: It’s 580-4436 and the person to ask for is Mrs. Belcher, that’s B-E-L-C-H-E-R. She’s in the office from 9-5 every day. OK! That’s everything. Have a good trip. In the west, there can be some abbreviations(缩略词) in some advertisements(广告) of the newspaper. Here’s an advertisement for an apartment. Most of the words in it are abbreviations, for example, Lrg. apt, i.e.(即) Large apartment; lrg. lvrm, i.e. Large living-room. Now, please read the advertisement carefully, and 2. If you rent(租用) the apartment, do(千万) remember not to bring any , like dogs, cats, birds and so on. 3. There is a large living-room and two in the apartment. 4. The location(位置) of the building is very . 5. If you rent the apartment, you must pay(付) dollars(美元) every month. 四 My name is Mary Connor. I’m American and I’m a nurse in Rosewood Hospital. I’m 20 and single(独身). My hobbies are tennis and computer games. My brother is also a nurse. Our parents are from the USA but we live in Brighton now. My mother is a painter(画家) and my father is a doctor. I like a penfriend from China or Japan. Please write to: 63 Lily Road, London SWL, England.
英语任务型阅读练习题含答案及解析 一、英语任务型阅读 1．从方框中选择恰当的句子补全短文，使文章内容完整、通顺。 Improving Listening Sills in the Classroom Listening is a skill that needs to be learned and used well to be able to succeed in any environment. In the classroom, great listening skills mean the difference between a successful student and one who struggles （挣扎） in school. Come to class rested. ________ When your body is well taken care of, your mental （精神的） focus will be much better. If you come to class sleepy or tired, it may be impossible for you to keep your eyes open and concentrate （集中） on what the teacher is saying. ________ Have everything you need at the start of the class. If you have homework, make sure you are ready to hand it in. Bring out your notebook and pen so you can start taking down notes Also, try to read your textbooks before coming into class. It will help you understand more easily what your teacher is talking about. ________ When you're in the front of the class, you'll have an easier time hearing what the teacher has to say you won't have a daydream when the teacher is near you. Take down notes. Write down what you hear in class. ________ It will also make you concentrate more on what is being said So you can properly take notes. Try to concentrate when you are in class so that you are able to get the key points during a lecture. ________ Once you learn techniques to help you with this skill, you should see an improvement in your listening. 【解析】【分析】主要讲了提高英语听力的技巧。 A. Be prepared.做好准备。 B. Sit near the teachers.坐在老师旁边。 C. Listening is a skill that is developed little by little.听力是一种逐渐发展起来的技能。 D. This makes it easier to remember what is being discussed.这使人们更容易记住正在讨论的内容。 E. Make sure you had a good night's sleep and had a good breakfast.确保你晚上睡得好，早餐吃得好。 （1）根据后句When your body is well taken care of, your mental （精神的）focus will be much better.当你的身体得到很好的照顾，你的精神集中会更好，可知前句讲得是睡好，故
2012中考英语任务型阅读【4—3】阅读短文按要求完成任务（复合型） ******************************************************** 任务型阅读第四类型（1）来自：贵州安顺 We are in a world full of competition. Our parents compete (竞争) with others in their offices, our brothers and sisters compete with others in their colleges, and we compete with our classmates in school. Many of us give up in the face of competition and will never be successful. ①can’t, others, why, we, do, better, than One important reason is that we have no self-confidence (自信). In fact, everyone is born equal. You can do what others do. Although your classmates may be better than you in some ways,you may be better than them in other subjects. So everyone has his or her own advantages. Don’t look at things from a single (单个的) point of view. Try to discover your own advantages, and believe that you can do better than others in those ways. Competition is not so terrible. Don’t be afraid of it. And don’t be afraid of those classmates who are better than you. ②Remember that self-confidence is the first step to success. Believe in yourselves, and you will be successful one day. 任务一: 21. Are we living in a world full of competition? 任务二: 22. How can you improve your self-confidence according to the passage? 任务三: 23. 将①处画线部分单词连成一个完整的特殊疑问句。 任务四: 24. 将②处画线部分译成中文。 任务五: 25. What’s the main idea of this passage? 答案： 21．Yes．／Yes，we are． 22．I'll try to discover my own advantages． Don't look at things from a single point of view． Everyone is born equal．I should believe I can do what others do． We should believe we can do better than others in some ways／subjects．23．Why can’t we do better than others? 24．记住自信是通向成功的第一步。
【英语】英语七年级英语上册任务型阅读训练（word）1 一、七年级英语上册任务型阅读专项目练习（含答案解析） 1．阅读下面对话，根据对话内容完成表格，每空填一词。 （T=Tony B=Betty） T: Hello! Are you Betty? B: Yes, I am. What's your name, please? T: My name is Tony. I'm in Class 3, Grade 8. I'm in Row 15. B: I'm in Class 1, Grade 7. I'm in Row 2. Can you tell me your telephone number? T: Yes. My telephone number is 5605688. And what's your telephone number? B: Oh, it's 3839833. I'm thirteen. And how old are you? T: I'm fourteen. 5605688；3839833 【解析】【分析】本文为一段对话，主要讲托尼和贝蒂的相关信息。 （1）要求填托尼和贝蒂的行数，根据T： I'm in Row 15. 和 B：I'm in Row 2. 可知填15，2，故答案为15，2。 （2）要求填托尼和贝蒂的所在班级，根据T： I'm in Class 3 和 B：I'm in Class 1 可知填3，1，故答案为3，1。 （3）要求填托尼和贝蒂的所在年级，根据T： Grade 8 和 B：Grade 7 可知填8，7，故答案为8，7。 （4）要求填托尼和贝蒂的年龄，根据T：I'm fourteen 和B：I'm thirteen 可知填14，13，故答案为14，13。 （5）要求填托尼和贝蒂的电话号码，根据T：My telephone number is 5605688. 和B：Oh, it's 3839833. 可知填5605688，3839833，故答案为5605688，3839833。 【点评】考查任务型阅读，先看清表格需要填写的内容，再根据对话将信息填写上去。 2．任务型阅读 Hello. I'm Mike. I'm 15. I'm in No.1 Middle School. This is my Brother, Bill. He's in Shiyan Middle School. He's 10.That's my sister, Helen. She's 20.She's a teacher in our school. These are my parents, Peter Jones and Ann Jones. My father is 50 and my mother is 45.My father is a worker is. My mother is a doctor. I love them very much. 根据短文信息完成表格。
上海市中考英语英语任务型阅读理解试题(含答案) 一、英语任务型阅读 1．根据短文内容，回答下列各题。 Do you obey the rules in your school? How do you like your school rules? A lot of school rules are similar around the world, but some are different. Every school has their own rules. There are some rules in Japanese schools. The students are not allowed to dye(染) their hair and should keep the hair Japanese black colour. They are not allowed to wear earrings, either. Almost all schools required students to wear uniforms in the past but now half of the schools require uniforms. The students feel happy to wear all kinds of clothes. The students mustn't be late for school. If they are late, they can't get into the school gate because the school gate is closed. In Japan, students are not allowed to have part-time jobs because they may not concentrate on their study. American schools have their own rules. For example, in Morton High School, students are not allowed to choose their own clothes. They must get to school and leave school on time. They must wear sports shoes in gym class. They should keep quiet in the school bus. In America, the students can have part- time jobs in their free time. （1）Why are the students not allowed to have part time jobs in Japan? (不超过8个词) （2）What must the students in Morton High School wear in gym class? (不超过5个词) （3）There must be some rules in your school. Give one example, please. (请自拟—句话作答) 【答案】（1）Because they may not concentrate on their study. （2）They must wear sports shoes. （3）You must be quiet if you enter the school building. (言之有理即可) 【解析】【分析】大意：世界上很多学校校规相似，但一些学校的校规却不相同，本文着重介绍日本学校一些校规和美国学校的一些校规的不同。 （1）根据In Japan, students are not allowed to have part-time jobs because they may not concentrate on their study.可知，日本学生不允许兼职因为他们可能不能专注于自己的学习，故填Because they may not concentrate on their study。 （2）根据They must wear sports shoes in gym class.可知，他们体育课必须穿运动鞋，故填They must wear sports shoes。 （3）在我们学校，学生要求进到教学楼必须保持安静，故填You must be quiet if you enter the school building。 【点评】考查任务型阅读，注意首先理解问题所问，带着问题从原文找到答案。 2．根据短文及表格内容列要点。 In order to learn how the students in our school spend money, we made a survey by asking them some questions. First, we asked them how much money they spent last month. And then we asked how much money they spent on snacks, books, movies, computer games, phones, transportation and other things last month. Our maths teacher helped us make a graph(图表) of their answers as follows.
一、高中英语任务型阅读 1．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 Decoding the young brain There was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult. After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child, he asked the child, “What do you think about me？” The child answered, “You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult, the reply to the same question was, “I think you're a very interesting person.” Even if the adult f elt the same way as the child, his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer. He could have been annoyed, but his answer didn't reflect it because he was being polite. The secret lies in the science of the developing brain. The child's honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn't equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question. As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult; it's just the way his brain works. As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood, that changes. The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元). In order for our body to execute a command, like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room, the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other. They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things. When the neurons send messages, perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious. Later, if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie, it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie. In an adult, he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences, like weight gain. But because the younger brain is more impulsive(冲动的), the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences. That is becau se when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult. This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive. Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！” To conclude, what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive. It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains. So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you, be prepared for any kind of answer.
训练二 1 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 At this busiest gift-giving time of the year, many of us wonder what to do with the unwanted presents we get. Is it all right to re-gift—to give the unwanted present to someone else? A gift is a symbol of what a relationship means to us. The best gifts should be a necessity for the receiver. A gift should be about pleasing the other person, not showing off the taste, wealth or power of the giver. We should give with the other person, not ourselves in mind. Still, a friend, colleague or family member who knows us well might now and then buy us something that is the last thing we’d buy for ourselves. People in long-term relationships can be surprised at the choices in clothes, music or gadgets(小玩意) made by their friends or relatives. Re-gifting creates a dilemma（窘境）because we don’t want to hurt the feelings of the gift-giver, but we also feel it’s wasteful not to use something that might benefit someone else. Re-gifting avoids waste and pays back a debt of gratitude we owe to someone else, but it presents the risk that the original giver will be hurt if she or he discovers what we did. Following are a few guidelines for re-gifting. ?Don’t use the gift. ?Re-gift soon, so you don’t risk re-gifting to the original giver. ?Make sure that the new receiver doesn’t know the original giver or is unlikely to run into him or her. If there’s a possibility that original giver could learn about the re-gift or if he or she expects to see you wearing the gift, consider asking for permission. Let him or her know how much you appreciate the thought behind the gift. A person who understands that a gift is intended to be pleasing will understand. As long as the person who gave the unwelcome gift doesn’t mind or won’t find out, you can re-gift with a clear conscience. Besides, you can be sure that at least one of the gifts you’ve received was given originally to someone else. 2 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all result in discomfort, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the discomfort lasts, because the
人教版英语专题训练七年级英语下册任务型阅读1 一、七年级英语下册任务型阅读专项目练习（含答案解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在文中填入与文章意思最符合的句子。 Every year, thousands of people get hurt（受伤）or die（死亡）when they are crossing the road.________Old people often get hurt or die because they can't see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents（事故）because of their carelessness.________ How can we lessen（减少）traffic accidents? Everybody should follow the traffic rules. For the drivers, they shouldn't drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time.________ So, when we walk across the road, we must try to walk on the sidewalk.________ Look left first, next look right, then look left again. Only when we are sure that the road is clear, we can cross it. The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly.________ If people run across the road, they may fall down. We should try to help children, old people or blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street. A. It's not safe to run. B. They forget to look and listen before they cross the road. C. We must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. D. Most of these people are old people and children. E. For the walkers, it's very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. 【答案】 D；B；E；C；A 【解析】【分析】主要讲了怎样减少交通事故。 A. It's not safe to run.跑步不是安全的。 B. They forget to look and listen before they cross the road.在他们过马路前他们忘记看和听。 C. We must stop and look both ways before crossing the road.在通过马路前我们必须停下来看看两边。 D. Most of these people are old people and children.这些人中的大部分是老人和孩子。 E. For the walkers, it's very important to be careful when they are walking on the road.对于步行者来说，当穿过马路时仔细是非常重要的。 （1）根据后句可知主要讲了老人和孩子发生事故的原因，所以前句讲的是发生事故的大部分是老人和孩子，故选D。 （2）根据前句Children usually meet with accidents（事故）because of their carelessness.可知孩子们因为粗心发生交通事故，所以后句讲的是孩子们在通过马路前没有看和听，故选B。 （3）根据前句For the drivers, they shouldn't drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time.可知讲的是对于驾驶者来说开车开得太快，所以后句讲的是对于步行者来说过马路时要小心，故选E。 （4）根据前句when we walk across the road, we must try to walk on the sidewalk.可知当我们过马路时要走人行道，所以后句讲的是过马路时怎么做，故选C。 （5）根据后句If people run across the road, they may fall down. 可知如果人们跑着通过马路，他们可能跌到，所以前句讲的是跑是不安全的，故选A。
任务型阅读理解专练 （3） A Page From Li Meng’s Diary Thursday, January 23 Sunny Today I was so happy to know that I did quite well in my last week’s science exam. Thanks to Daniel, he taught me a new way of going over lessons. It is called “map idea”. Because of the map idea, I’ve learned how to find out the main idea in every lesson. And in my mind I can draw a map of all the important knowledge I need to remember. It’s really good. I can remember so much in that way. I never thought of changing the way of my study before. I was always complaining about my poor memory, but now my memory has become good because of the map idea. It made my study much easier and more enjoyable. I realized learning how to learn well is the most important for us students. 96. There was a science exam in Li Meng’s class . 97. Daniel taught Li Meng a good way to study. That is . 98. Li Meng complain about his bad memory. 99. Li Meng has learned a new way of lessons. 100. It is the most important how to learn well. （4） Dear Miss Li, I’d like to thank you for sending money to “Animal Helpers”,an organization set up to help diabled people.For sure you have helped make it possible for me to have "Lucky", who has filed my life with pleasure. “Lucy” is a specialy trained dog for the disabled.It is a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. Being blind, deaf, unable to use my hands easily are the challenges I face. "Lucky" helps me open and shut the doors,even answer the telephone.He cheers me up a lot. I’l send you a photo of him if you like,and Icould show you how he helps me too one day.And I thank you again for supporting "Animal Helpers". It is important that this organization does not run out of money. Your donation is greatly appreciated and the money is well used to help disabled people like me. Best wishes, Liz Smith 71.Liz Smith is a__________man who is__________to see or hear. 72."Lucky" is the__________of a specialy__________dog. 73."Animal Helpers" is an organization that was__________up to__________the disabled. 74.Liz Smith will__________Miss Lia a photo of the dog and__________her how "Lucky" helps him. 75.LizSmith wrote this letter to__________Miss Li for her__________to Animal Helpers. （5）