网络知识清单
考点知识清单
知识梳理
考点一动词不定式
1．动词不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to)+动词原形。
2. 动词不定式的句法功能
3．不定式作宾语
不定式用在及物动词后作宾语，常见的及物动词有：
例：He found it hard______ his class.
A. to catch up with
B. to catch up
C. catch up with
D. catch up
[解析] 由题干find可知该句的hard为宾语补足语，而it应为find的形式宾语，故应用不定式形式作真实宾语，故选A。
[答案] A
4．不定式作定语
(1)不定式有时起形容词的作用，修饰名词、代词，在句中担当定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
He was the first to come to the classroom．他是第一个来到教室的人。
(2)如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就应有必要的介词。如：
I want some paper to write on．我想要一些写字的纸。
注意：当不定式所修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。如：
My grandma had no place to live(in)before liberation.
解放前我祖母没有住的地方。
(3)不定式修饰something，anything，nothing时，放在它们的后面，如果something，anything，nothing有形容词来修饰，词序是something，nothing…+形容词+不定式。如：
Have you got anything to say? 你有话要说吗?
I had something cold to drink．我喝冷饮了。
5．不定式作宾语补足语
tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例：Mother asks me______ computer games before finishing my homework.
A．not play B．to play C．not to play D．to not play
[解析] ask sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”。即ask后加动词不定式作宾语补足语。其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth, 故选C。
[答案] C
6．不定式作状语
不定式在不及物动词和某些形容词后作状语。如：
He went to America to learn English．他去美国学英语了。
They sleep together to keep warm．他们在一起睡觉来取暖。
I'm sorry to hear that．听到这件事我非常难过。
I'm glad to see you again．再次见到你非常高兴。
活学巧练
1. It’s a custom______ hands with people in the office every morning．
A．to shake B．shakes C．shaked D．shaking
2. Waving one's hand is_____ “Goodbye”．
A．to say B．say C．said D．says
3. ---Your spoken English is much better
4. Although he was a child，he tried to find ways_______ people_______ life more．
A．to help，enjoy B．help，enjoy C．to help，enjoying D．help，enjoying
5. I hope____ a good job in a foreign company after I graduate_____ school.
A．to find，from B．finding，from C．to find，at D．finding，at
6. We think it a waste of time and money______ with the project．
A．going on B．goes on C．to go on D．to give up
7. She is a very nice girl______.
A．to work B．work with C．to work with D．work
8. I'm hungry．Get me something_______.
A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．for eating
9. My mother often asks me______ early．
A．get up B．got up C．getting up D．to get up
10. The old scientist encouraged everyone______ part in_____ the wild animals．
A．taking，to protect B．taking，protecting C．to take，to protect D．to take，protecting 11. The woman wants her daughter _____ English every morning.
A．read B．reads C．reading D．to read
12. Mum，I'm hungry．What about going to McDonald's ____fried chicken?
A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．and eat
13. I was sad_______.
A．to see her go away B．seeing her go away C．to see her to go away D．saw her go away
考点二动名词
1．动名词的构成
动名词由“动词原形+-ing"构成。
2．动名词的句法功能
注意：英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
活学巧练
1. ---Let's do something at the party. What about______ ? ---No, I'd like______．
A．to sing，to dance B．to sing，dancing C．singing，dancing D．singing，to dance
2. Thank you for______ grandpa when I was away．
A．looking after B．look over C．looking at D．look for
3. What about ______ to the town with us?
A．we go B．we going C．going D．to go
4. Please close the window______ the wind from______ the papers away.
A．to stop，blowing B．stopping，blowing C．to stop，to blow D．stopped，blow
5. Some boys of Class One enjoy ______ music．
A．listen to B．listens to C．listening to D．listened to
6. ---Did you have any problems in Paris? ---Yes, ______ Chinese food like rice, noodles and dumplings．A．find B．found C．finding D．to find
7. ---It’s too hot．Would you mind my _______ the door? --- _______. Please do it now．
A．to open，OK B．opening，Certainly not C．opening，Of course D．to open，Good idea
考点三分词
1．分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
2．分词的句法功能
活学巧练
1. Look！There is a boy_____ in the river．
A．swim
3. ---Tom, have you seen your brother? ---Oh, I saw him____ basketball on the playground on my way home. A．to play B．plays C．playing D．played
易混知识清单
知识归纳
易混点一使用动词不定式的主要句型及应注意的事项
1．不定式的否定式
(1)不定式的否定式为：not+不定式，经常和ask(tell) sb．to do sth．句型连用。如：
She asked me to drive her to the station．她让我开车送她到车站。
Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy．玛丽让我别把笔给吉米。
The teacher tells us never to read the book．老师告诉我们不要读那本书。
(2)比较不定式的否定式和否定句的区别
I didn't ask him to open the door．我没让他把门打开。(否定句)
I asked him not to open the door．我让他别把门打开。(不定式的否定式)
2．疑问词+不定式
不定式可以和疑问代词who，what，which及疑问副词when，how，where连用构成不定式短语，在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：
The question is when to start．问题是什么时候开始。
What to do is an important problem．该做什么是很重要的问题。
I can't decide who/whom to invite．我决定不了请谁。
注意：疑问词+不定式作宾语时，常与下列动词连用：know，show，teach，tell，find out，learn，forget等。如：
We don't know when to go．我们不知道什么时候去。
He doesn't know how to make a banana milk shake．他不知道怎样制作香蕉奶昔。
3．省略to的情况
(1)在Why not + do．…, had better(not)do．…, would rather do sth. , Could/
Would/Will you please (not to)…等句型或短语中，to要省略。如：
Why not go with us? 为什么不跟我们一起去呢?
You had better take a bus．你最好乘公共汽车。
I would rather stay at home．我宁愿呆在家里。
(2)另外，还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：
The boss made them work the whole night．老板让他们工作了一整夜。
I often hear him sing．我经常听见他唱歌。
Mother made me do my homework the whole night．妈妈让我整晚做作业。
I was made to do my homework the whole night．我被让整晚做作业。
(3)help后面的不定式可带to，也可不带to。如：
I help my brother(to)study English
是不定式作宾语，后者是不定式作宾语补足语。如：
The children wanted to ask many questions．孩子们想问许多问题。
I want you all to think of a sentence with the word “repair”。
我想要你们所有人都想出一个带有单词“repair”的句子。
(2)hope只有hope to do sth．句型，而没有hope sb．to do sth．句型。如：
I hope to see you soon．(正)我希望不久会见到你。
I hope you to see me soon．(误)
5．too…t o…和enoug h to…
(1)句型：too+形容词(副词)+to do sth．意为“太……(以致)不能……”。如：
The student was too frightened to say a word．这个学生太害怕了，以致不能说一句话。
Never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。
I'm too tired to stay up longer．我太累了不能再熬夜了。
此句型还可以是：too…for sb．/sth. to do sth．。如：
The box is too heavy for me to carry．这个盒子对我来说太重了，搬不动。
此句型还可以转换为s o…t hat(can’t)句型。如：
He was too tired to move on．=He was so tired that he coul dn’t move on．他太累了，不能继续走了。
(2)句型：形容词(副词)+enough to do sth．意为“足以做……”。如：
He isn't strong enough to lift the box．他力气不够大，提不起这个箱子。
The girl is old enough to go to school. 这个女孩大到上学的年龄了。
此句型也可以转换为so…that(can)句型。如：
Tom runs fast enough to catch up with Li Lei．=Tom runs so fast that he can catch up with Li Lei．
汤姆跑得那么快，能赶上李雷。
6．It is(was)+形容词+of(for)sb+to do sth．
这一句型应特别注意of和for的使用情况。
(1)两者所使用的形容词不同。
①for sb. 句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。如：easy，difficult，hard，important，possible，interesting 等。可转化为To do sth. + be +形容词+ for sb.。如：It was hard for him to study English well. = To study English well was hard for him. 对他来说学好英语太难了。
②of sb. 句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如：good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right，wrong，careful等。可转化为sb. + be +形容词+ to do sth.。如：It’s foolish of you to say so. = You are foolish to say so.
你这么说真是太傻了。
（2）of sb. 句型还可以转换成不定式作状语的句子。如：
It’s very kind of you to help me. = You are very kind to help me.
7. 其他句式
（1）It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做……了。如：
It’s my turn to tell the story. 该我讲故事了。
(2)It takes sb some time to do sth．某人花……时间做某事。如：
It took me 3 hours to repair the TV．我用了三小时修理这台电视。
互动训练
2. There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and I've warned Jack____ here．
A．not to swim B．to not swim C．swim not to D．to swim not
3. Tell him_____ be late for school.
A．not to B．doesn't C．to not
4. ---Cindy, what kind of school clubs do you want to join? ---Sorry, I don't know______ to join．
A．when B．where C．what D．which
5. The question is___ the meeting．
A．when to begin B．what to begin C．when begins D．how begin
6. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better_______．
A．don't go now B．stay here when it rains C．not leave until it stops D．not to leave at once 7. ---I usually go there by train．---Why not____ by boat for a change?
A．to try going B．trying to go C．to try and go D．try going
8. All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them_______.
A．laughed B．1augh C．1aughing D．to laugh
9. The young lady watched her daughter______ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon．
A．to play with B．playing with C．to play D．plays
10. Will you please_____ drop your shoes?
A．not to B．don't C．not D．to not
11. A bird was seen_____ into the classroom yesterday．
A．flew B．to fly C．fly D．was flying
12. Mrs. Lin has been in hospital for a week．All of us______ her to get well soon．
A．hope B．wish C．wanting D．wish for
13. I wanted him to clean the blackboard and the window．
A．to close to B．close C．closing D．closed
14. He walked_______ fast for us ______ catch up with．
A．so，that B．such，that C．enough，to D．too，to
15. The boy was too busy______ his father last term.
A．to hear from B．to write to C．hearing from D．write to
16. The sick woman is ______ weak _______ look after herself．
A．too，to B．so，that C．very，to D．so，to
17. The light in the room wasn’t _____ for me to read．
A．brightly enough B．enough brightly C．enough bright D．bright enough 18. It's important_____ the piano well．
A．of him to play B．for him to play C．of him playing D．for him playing 19. It's really nice______ you____ me to work it out．
A．of，help B．of，to help C．for，help D．for，to help
20. It's our turn_____ the classroom today．
A．cleaning B．when we clean C．that we clean D．to clean
2l. It took Li Ming an hour_______ his bike yesterday
易混点三有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。
1．remember doing sth．记得过去做过某事
remember to do sth．记着要去做某事
如：I remember seeing this film before．我记得以前看过这部电影。
I remember to see the film this evening．我记着今天晚上要去看电影。
注意：上句seeing是指“看过”，表示发生过的动作；而下句to see是未发生的动作，也就是将要发生的动作。2．forget doing sth．忘记曾做过某事
forget to do sth．忘记要去做某事
如：I forgot turning off the light when I left the room．我忘了当我离开房间时是不是把灯关掉了。
I forgot to turn off the lights when l left the loom．当我离开房间时，我忘记关灯了。
3．stop doing sth．停止正做的事情
stop to do sth．停止(正做的事情)去做另一件事
注意：stop to do sth．= stop doing sth．to do sth．如：
She stopped reading the story．她停止读那个故事了。
She stopped to read the story．她停下来去读故事。
She stopped doing her homework to watch TV．她停止做作业去看电视。
He should stop wearing that silly earring．他应该停止戴那个不好看的耳饰。
4．go on doing sth．继续做某事。
go on to do sth．继续去做另一件事
注意：go on doing sth．=go on with sth．但go on with sth．不能说go on with doing sth．，也就是说with后可接名词、代词，但不可接doing形式。如：
After resting, we will go on doing that．休息后，我们将继续做那件事。
After playing football，We will go on to play basketball．我们踢完足球后．将继续去打篮球。
5. try doing sth．尝试着做……
try to do sth．设法去做……，努力去做……
如：They will try doing it in a new way．他们将用一种新的办法试做此事。
We are trying to learn English well．我们正努力地去学好英语。
6. regret doing sth．对做过的事后悔
regret to do sth．对未做的事表示后悔
如：I regret telling you the bad news．我后悔把这个坏消息告诉了你。
I regret to say I’m not able t o help you finish it．我很抱歉我不能帮你做此事。
另外，注意以下两组固定搭配的形式：
a．prefer to do sth．rather than do sth．=prefer doing sth．to doing sth．喜欢做某事而不喜欢做另一件事。如：
I prefer to learn English rather than play the piano on Sundays．=I prefer learning English to playing the piano．
在周日我宁愿学习英语，也不愿去弹钢琴。
b．want doing sth．=want to be done=need doing sth.=need to be done需要做某事。如：
My watch needs repairing．=My watch needs to be repaired．=My watch wants repairing．
=My watch wants to be repaired．我的手表需要修理。
注意：有些动词后只接
例1. At last the child stopped______ and listened to the music．
A．to cry B．crying C．cry
[解析]根据题意应为停下正在做的事情，故选B。
[答案] B
例2. Don't forget______ the lights when you leave the classroom．
A．to turn off B．to turn on C．turning off
[解析]forget to do指“忘记要去傲某事”, forgot doing指“忘记做过某事”, 故选A。
[答案] A
互动训练
1. ---I remember______ you somewhere．---Yes．We met in Hangzhou last year．
A．to meet B．meeting C．me D．meets
2. I’m sorry I forget______ your English textbook．
A．to bring B．bringing C．to take D．taking
3. ---Let's have a rest, shall we? ---Not now, I don't want to stop the letter yet．
A．write B．to write C．writing D．and write
4. We have worked for three hours. Now let’s stop ____ a rest.
A．had B．have C．to have D．having
5. The headmaster stopped_____ to me because there was a call for him．
A．talking B．to talk C．saying D．to say
6. Go on______ the other exercise after you have finished this one．
A．to do B．doing C．with D．to be doing
7. Even on holidays, he preferred ______ to _______.
A．working，do nothing B．working，doing nothing
C．to work，do nothing D．to work，doing nothing
8. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer______ less for this one．
A．to paying B．to pay C．not to pay D．rather than pay 9. The room is so dirty that it_____ badly.
A．clean B．to clean C．being cleaned D．cleaning
10. My grandfather wants________ around the world because he enjoys________ new places．
A．travelling，seeing B．to travel，to see C．to travel，seeing D．travelling，to see 11. Oliver was so busy____ a novel that he______ to have dinner．
A．reading，forgets B．to read，forgets C．to read，forgot D．reading，forgot 12. ---Do you feel like____ or shall we go by bus? ---I prefer to walk．But we have _____ a taxi for time is short．A．walking，to take B．to walk，take C．walking，taken D．to walk，took 13. We stopped_____，but there was not any sound．
A．listening B．to listen to C．to listen D．to hear
易混点三现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别
我们常见的动词如
I heard him sing in the classroom．我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)
I saw him going up the stairs．我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)
I saw him go up the stairs．我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)
互动训练
1. When I was walking in the street, I saw a plane_____ over my head．
A．flies B．flying C．flew D．to fly
2. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air_______ against your face．
A．moved B．moving C．moves D．to move
易混点四现在分词与过去分词的区别
l．在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：
the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息
a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人
a moving film 一场感人的电影
the moved people 被感动的人们
2. 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：
the developing country 发展中国家
the developed country 发达国家
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
3. have sth. done意为“让某事被别人做”，即ask sb. else to do sth.，过去分词（done）所表示的动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。如：
The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。
互动训练
1. It's very_____ and_____ for us students to have sports after a whole day's study．
A．joy，relaxed B．joyful，relaxation C．joyful，relaxing D．joyful，relaxed 2. A policeman saw two thieves ____ a girls mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once．
A．to steal B．stealing C．stole D．stolen
3. He raised his voice so as to make himself ______．
A．hear B．hearing C．be heard D．heard
易混点五have sb. do sth. , have sb. doing sth. 和have sth. done的区别
1．have sb．do sth．意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father．士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
2．have sb．doing sth．意为“让某人/物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如：
The two men had their lights burning all night long．那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
互动训练
2. It's 9：00 again．It's time to have your temperature_______.
A．to take B．taking C．take D．taken
3. My hair is too long．I’ll_____ tomorrow.
A．cutting it B．have cut it C．have it cut D．had cut
方法技巧
方法一掌握非谓语动词的构成及其内涵和在句子中的不同语法功能
非谓语动词的系统性、综合性较强，用法灵活多变，要真正领悟它们的内涵，需要有句子结构方面的语法知识以及扎实的动词知识，从而判断所使用的动词是否为非谓语动词。
例She came ______ for her son．
A．look B．looks C．looked D．to look
[解析] 由原句已有谓语came可知，所缺成分为非谓语，而非谓语的形式只有三种：动名词，不定式，分词(现在分词和过去分词)，故排除B、C；本句中come to do sth.为不定式表目的，故选D。[答案] D
小试身手
1. My job_____ you Japanese.
A. teach
B. teaching
C. teaches
D. taught
2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped______.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
3. ---The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
方法二了解中考命题规律
中考测试的内容涉及动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词的用法。所考查的主要内容包括：
1．不定式作主语的句型：It's+形容词+of／for sb．+ to do sth．。
2．不定式作宾补的肯/否定形式，如：ask sb．(not)to do sth．。
3．使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式，如：let sb. do sth.。
4．动名词作主语、介宾、动宾、宾补等。
5．现在分词和过去分词的功能，在句中充当的各种成分。
例The interesting story made us______．
A．laughing B．to laugh C．laugh D．laughs
[解析]本句空白部分在句中为非谓语动词，且本句谓语动词为make，故后面用省略to的不定式。
[答案] C
小试身手
1. It’s important_____ and helpful.
A. to be kind
B. to kind
C. be kind
D. kind
2. Internet bars shouldn’t let people under 18 in or let anybody____ bad things.
A．watch B．to watch C．watches
3. We often hear teenagers_____ pop songs instead of Peking Opera．
A．sing
小试身手
You had better get a doctor_____ your bad tooth．
A．pull out B．to pull out C．pulled out D．pulling out
方法四熟记一些习惯用法和重点题型
例---Bob speaks Chinese quite well．---Yes，so he does．He practices______ Chinese every day．A．speaking B．speak C．speaks D．spoke
[解析] practise doing sth．意思是“练习做某事”。
[答案] A
小试身手
1. I couldn't help_____ when the boy made faces to us．
A．1augh B．to laugh C．1aughing D．laughing at
2. It's time for Meimei and______ to work．
A．I going B．I to go C．me going D．me to go
3. It's better to teach a man fishing than_____ him fish．
A．to give B．giving C．to find D．finding
易错题型清单
错题透视
错因一不能正确划分句子功能，错误判断动词性质
例The boy_____ in the teacher's office was found______ yesterday．
A．standing，smoke B．standing，to smoke
C．stood，smoke D．stood，smoking
[分析]正确分析该句的句子结构是做对此题的关键。the boy是主语，was found是谓语，所以第一空应为现在分词作定语，故可排除C、D，而第二空为be found to do sth.结构，故排除A，选B。
[答案] B
[错因分析] 本题第一空为The boy的定语，而非本句的谓语动词。
成功体验
1. Mr. Li made a radio____ the news.
A．1isten to B．1istening to C．to listen to D．1isten
2. _______ to the enemy is to be cruel to the people．
A．Be kind B．To be kind C．Being kind D．Kind
3. She spends as much time as she can_______ English everyday．
A．read B．reading C．to read D．have read
错因二不能在具体语言环境中恰当运用非谓语动词
例On her way home Lucy saw a thief___ in a shop. She stopped ___ 110 at once.
A. steal，call
[答案] C
[错因分析] 由于不清楚see的用法，可能会误选A、B；由于不清楚stop to do sth.和stop doing sth.的区别，会误选D。
成功体验
1. When they went into the park, they saw someone_____ Chinese Kongfu．
A．plays B．played C．to play D．p1aying
2. He decided to put the_____ glass on top of the wall to stop the boys____ over it.
A．broken，climbing B．breaking，climbing C．broken，to climb D．breaking，to climb
专项练习
补全对话：根据对话内容，在每小题的空白处填入适当的话语，使时话意思完整。
Alice：Hi，David．
David：Hi，Alice．I know that you’ve just come back from your school trip．____________________________? Alice：It was fantastic, really fantastic．
David：__________________________________________?
Alice：No，I didn’t go to the zoo．I went to the aquarium．
David：___________________________________________?
Alice：No, there wer en’t any sharks, but there were some really clever seals．
David：Really? _____________________________________?
Alice：Well, I hung out with my friends and I took a lot of photos．
David：Could you please take your photos to school tomorrow?
Alice：____________________________________________.
David：See you then．
Alice：See you tomorrow．
书面表达
假如你叫李华，5月11日母亲节那天，你为母亲做了很多有意义的事情。请你根据表格中所给信息，用英语写一篇日记。
注意：1．词数80-100。
2．日记的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
3．日记须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐句翻译，可适当加入细节和适当发挥，使其通顺、连贯。
参考词汇：pocket money零花钱vase n．花瓶overwork v．过度劳累be moved to tears感动得流泪
11th May Sunday
________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Today is a special day，warm and meaningful．
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019）英语 专题09 非谓语动词 (2010﹒福建﹒T25)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 【答案】A 表示伴随。从“were working” 可以判断是进行时态, 排除C。 (2010﹒福建﹒T34)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 【答案】B remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时, 后面接过去分词作表语。 (2010﹒上海﹒T33)Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 【答案】A keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意, sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系, 故选A. (2010﹒上海﹒T35) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 【答案】A 考察现在分词作状语, 表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语, 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。 (2010﹒上海﹒T40)Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students’ bat hrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 【答案】B 此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do…,we can imagine 做定语, 前面省略了that. (2010﹒安徽﹒T30)He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 【答案】D 主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系, 故用traveling作原因状语。(2010﹒湖南﹒T21)Listen! Do you hear someone for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 【答案】A
第五章非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
高考非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The woman, when _______ how her husband was injured, began to cry. A．asked B．to ask C．asking D．ask 【答案】A 【解析】 2．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A．winning B．to win C．having won D．being won 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查不定式作定语。句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故B项正确。 3．I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 4．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 5．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked
高考英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1． ______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A．Working out B．Worked out C．To work out D．Work out 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：为了解出那道数学难题，我已经向Russell 教授 咨询过好几次了。非谓语动词中只有不定式可作目的状语，题干中缺少目的状语，故选C。 【知识拓展】不定式在句子中可作什么状语？ 1) 目的状语。To?only to 仅( 仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) 如此??a以s 便to ??() 如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的， 要放在句子后面。如：What have I said to make you angry ？我说什么让您生气了？He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如：I'm sorry to hear your father is ill 听说你父亲病了很难过。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。 【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2014 年四川卷第7 题相似—Good idea.To find more about it, visit this website. 这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词是高考的重要考点。一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词 不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，能够分辨出具体试题中的关系就可 以轻松解题。 2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _____ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishing C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth 是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong 在这个句子中， deal with 的宾语是trouble ，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble 这个词的定语从句。 考点：固定用法考查点评：对于固定用法，平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。 3．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _______ from the library
高考英语一轮复习语法部分第10讲非谓语 动词精品学案牛津译林版 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和 语态的变化。所以，要正确使用非谓语形式，一定要充分理解不 同形式所表现的意义，要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动(或状态)”，所表示的动作是“过去”、“现 在”还是“将来”，以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还 是有先后之分。 形式对比项目动词不定式(to do)动名词(doing)现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)意义相当于名词、形容词、副词，往往有将来意味相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作相当于形容词、 副词，往往有现在意味相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动、完 成意义充当句子成分主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主 语、宾语、表语、定语表语、宾补、定语、状语表语、宾补、定语、状语形式主动一般式 to do doingdoingdone被动式 to be done being donebeing done无主动完成式 to have done having donehaving done无被动完成式to have been done having been
donehaving been done无否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not 一、不定式和动名词作主语 1、动名词作主语常用以下句型：It is＋no use/good＋doing sth、而不定式作主语常用it作形式主语。It was no use sending him to a hospital、Its very hard to learn an art、 2、当动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格，不可以用人称代词主格和宾格，也不可以用名词的普通格。His coming here will be a great help、 (不可用He 和Him)Jacks suddenly disappearing made them worried、 (不可用Jack) 3、for/of sb、 to do sth、中for或of无意义。如果介词后的名词或代词与其前面的形容词存在逻辑上的主系表关系，则该介词用of，反之，则须用for。在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel，selfish, wicked, wrong等后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。I found it impossible for him to do the job alone、 It was wise of him to do that、 二、不定式和动名词作宾语
非谓语动词 1.（2011新课标卷27）The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 【答案】B 【解析】rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择进行式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。句意：接下来我们看到的是从屋子后面冒 出来的烟雾。 2.（2011大纲卷15）The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 【答案】B 【解析】解析：join… to…表示“把……连接起来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which is joined…。句意：因为那个岛屿与大陆有座桥连接，所以很容易 到达。 3.（2011大纲卷18）Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say D. saying 【答案】D 【解析】A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语的，而句中所需要的是伴随状态，故选D。句意：Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。 4.（2011北京卷25）It’s important for the figures _________ regularly. A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 【答案】A 【解析】B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故 选A。句意：经常更新这些数值很重要。 5.（2011北京卷33）33. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet. A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 【答案】B
非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog
内容 基本要求 非谓语动词 1. 动词不定式 2. 动名词 新概念二 第十六课 真实条件句 非谓语动词 在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词，非谓语动词有三种形式，包括不定式，分词及动名词。 非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有： （1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 （2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 （3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 （4）谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词用法： （一）动词不定式：（to ）+do ，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1. 不定式的形式： 否定式：not + (to) do （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后， 如：I'm glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。 如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 如：I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. 第二讲 非谓语动词（一） 本讲内容 语法考点
2. 不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： 如：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： 如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. （2）作表语： 如：Her job is to clean the hall. （3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。 如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。 如：I have no choice but to stay here. （4）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系。 如：I have a meeting to attend. （5）作状语： 如：He worked day and night to get the money. （6）不带to的不定式的用法 ①某些使役动词如：let, make, have, help等。 如：Let me destroy this paper. He won’t have us criticize his work. ②用于感知动词之后 不带to的不定式可以放在感知动词see, look at, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, smell之后。 如：I’d like to go and hear John Denver sing. I felt something touch my foot. ③ would better后用不带to的动词不定式。 如：You’d better stay at home. You’d better not do it again. ④用于疑问副词why引导的省略句中。 如：Why talk so much about it? Why not try again? ⑤两个并列不定式的第二个不定式的to通常省略。 由连词and, but, or连接的两个或两个以上并列不定式时，第一个不定式常用完整形式，但其后的不定式中的to通常省去。 如：I’d like to lie down and go to sleep. He could not choose but love her. 热身练习 单项选择。
【关键字】考试 非谓语动词十年高考语法填空篇 2016年非谓语动词的考查 1.（北京卷）_________(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 2.（北京卷）__________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 3.（北京卷）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _________(turn) the old town into a dreamland. 4.（天津卷）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, __________(make) air conditioning unnecessary. 5. （浙江卷）To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ____________(conduct) in Australia in 2012. 6.（浙江卷）I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _________(work)with students. 7. （江苏卷）In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _________(hide) within the work. A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 8.（四川）For 25days,she never left her baby, not even to find something _______ (eat)! 9. （四川）At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and __________(move). 10. (上海)________(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. 11. (全国卷3) People probably cooked their food in large pots, ______ (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. 12. (全国卷3) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _______ (create)special designs. 13. (全国卷1) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter_________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 14. (全国卷1) My ambassadorial duties will include _________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 1. To make 2. Ordered 3. turning 4. making 5. conducted 6. working 7. hidden 8. to eat 9. moved 10. Wondering 11. using 12. to create 13. permitted 14. introducing 2015年非谓语动词的考查 1.（2015·湖南）When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. 2. （2015·北京）__ ___(order) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 3.(2015·北京)The park was full of people,_ ___(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 4.(2015·北京) If __ _( accept ) for the job, you’ll be informed soon. 5.(2015·重) ___ _(raise )in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 6.(2015·重庆) Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way__ __(use) the sun and the stars. 7.(2015·浙江) Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform) is another thing. 8.(2015·天津) ______ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 9.(2015·天津)____ __ (absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. 10.(2015·陕西)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
最新非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．224. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back. A．being mopped B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：那个谋杀犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。with的宾语his hands与动词tie构成被动的关系，故使用过去分词。故选D。 2．Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _____. A．hurt B．spoiled C．damaged D．harmed 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词辨析：句意：过分受父母保护的孩子可能会被惯坏。spoil作为动词有“宠坏，溺爱”的意思，这里用动词的过去分词作形容词。hurt指对身体或感情上的伤害；damaged指被毁坏或破坏（好像多指物）；harmed指被损害，被伤害，被危害。选B。 考点：考查动词辨析 3．When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____. A．to repair bicycles B．bicycles to be repaired C．bicycles being repaired D．repairing bicycles 【答案】C 【解析】 4．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a tr y? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 5．______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A．To absorb B．To be absorbed C．Absorbed D．Absorbing 【答案】C
非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus. 句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains. 句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. II.作宾语