学术英语理工类平时分细则
序
号
比率细目内容备注
1 10% 考勤+平时表现学生考勤，课堂表现，作业情
况等教学过程中注重terminology 的学习，课本中的术语主要集中在每个text的“term and notes”部分和每个单元
enhance your academic language”部分中的“target words”,.术语的学习情况将在期末考试中体现。
2 15% 阶段考核摘要（abstract)写作，
文献综述（literature review )英
语写作Abstract:
1.200~250字；
2.基于前三单元其中任一篇TEXT；
3.按照教师讲授的标准格式；（Arial, 小四）
4.配予中文翻译；
5.打印上交批改并归档
6.抄袭舞弊不计成绩Literature Review:
1.400字左右；（课本上第四单元主题）
2.主题（参加说明.-主题1）
3.基于前四单元的学习内容
4.打印上交批改并归档
5.抄袭舞弊不计成绩
另：
1.期末考试将任选其中一种
2.期末Abstract的写作原文出自本教材中的19篇text 的其中一篇
3.期末Review的写作要求和内容和平时一样，但闭卷考试。
3 15% 演示科研成果Oral presentation 1.时间安排参照进度表
2.1～2人一组
3.基于本教材所授技能
4.主题（参见说明-主题1）
5.每位学生陈述时间至少3
分钟
6.不接受单纯读稿
7.每位学生单独得分
合计40%
说明：
1.主题：
1.1五大主题：cloud computing, climate change, genetically modified foods, nuclear radiation, nanotechnology .相关的subtopics
1.2 自选主题，但必须由课任老师审核通过
1.3 Review 的specific topic 尽早确定后，根据所学技能，进行相关信息搜索，整理成文。
2.期末考试完整题型后期会通知
3.期末考试已确定题型参加上表的“另”
4.Review的写作内容和oral presentation的内容可以保持连贯性
5.Oral presentation 要求每位学生陈述时间不少于3分钟，班级人少，时间充裕的班级，教师可视具体情况调整学生陈述时间长度。
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
新一代大学英语综合教程1 课后翻译 UNIT 1 2、Indeed, we might feel as if we are suddenly awash in friends. Yet right before our eyes, we're also changing the way we conduct relationships. Face-to-face chatting is giving way to texting and messaging; people even prefer these electronic exchanges to, for instance, simply talking on a phone.Smaller circles of friends are being partially eclipsed by Facebook acquaintances routinely numbered in the hundreds. Amid these smaller trends, growing research suggests we could be entering a period of crisis for the entire concept of friendship. Where is all this leading modern-day society? Perhaps to a dark place, one where electronic stimuli slowly replace the joys of human contact.确实如此，我们似乎感到突然之间好友数量井喷。不过，我们眼前也正在改变为人处世的方式。面对面的聊天正在被短信取代；相比打个电话，人们甚至更愿意使用这些电子交流方式。脸谱网上的熟人圈儿动辄数百人，相比之下，现实生活中规模较小的朋友圈则显得黯淡少光。在这些较细微的趋势中，越来越多的研究表明友谊的整个概念正在遭受危机，而我们也许正在一步步地迈向这个危机时代。所有这一切要把现代社会引向何方？也许现代社会就此陷入黑暗深渊，在这个深渊里，人与人之间交往的乐趣慢慢地被电子诱惑所取代。 8、No single person is at fault, of course. The pressures on friendship today are broad. They arise from the demands of work, say, or a general busyness that means we have less quality time for others. How many individuals would say that friendship is the most important thing in their lives, only to move thousands of miles across the continent to take up a better-paid job?当然，这并不是某个人的错。如今，交友压力来自方方面面。比如来自工作压力，或是整天瞎忙，无法和他人享有高质量的沟通时间。有人嘴上说友谊是生命中最重要的东西，却为了一份收入颇丰的工作远赴千里之外。这样的人还少吗？ 9、Of course, we learn how to make friends — or not — in our most formative years, as children. Recent studies on childhood, and how the contemporary life of the child affects friendships, are illuminating. Again, the general mood is one of concern, and a central conclusion often reached relates to a lack of what is called "unstructured time."当然，我们是在性格成型的最重要的孩提时期学会如何结交朋友或是如何断交。最近，关于儿童期和儿时生活对交友的影响的研究很有启发性。这些研究再一次关注了风气这个问题，其主要结论都与孩子缺少“计划外时间”有关。10、Structured time results from the way an average day is parceled up for our kids — time for school, time for homework, time for music practice, even time for play. Yet too often today, no period is left unstructured. After all, who these days lets his child just wander off down the street? But that is precisely the kind of fallow time so vital for deeper friendships. It's then that we simply "hang out," with no tasks, no
第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?
1.重点词汇及短语 first name名字；last name姓；nice美好的；meet 见面；sorry 对不起；again 再，又；spell 拼写；classmate同班同学；single 单身的；married 已婚的；female 女性；male 男性；Mr. 先生；Miss 小姐；Ms. 女士，小姐；Mrs. 夫人；great 极好的，棒的；not bad. 不错；excuse me 对不起，打扰一下. over there在那边 good morning/afternoon/evening 早上/下午/晚上好 See you later. / See you tomorrow. 明天见。/ 一会儿见。 Good night. 晚安；Thank you. / Thanks谢谢 Work phone工作电话；Home phone 家庭电话；Cell phone 手机； 2.重点句型 My name is … . / Our names are … . / Y our name is … . His name is … . / Her name is … . / Their names are … . I’m … . / He is … . / She is … . / We are … . / They are … . It’s nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 Nice to meet you, too. 也很高兴见到你。 What’s your last name again? 再问下你的姓是什么？ It’s Carson. 是Carson How do you spell your name? 你的名字怎么拼？ How are you? 你好吗？ I’m just fine / I’m ok. / Good. / Great. 我很好。/ Not bad. 不错。So-so. 一般。How about you? 你呢？ This is your book. 这是你的书 This is Jennifer. 这位是Jennifer。 Y ou are in my class, right? 你在我们班，对吗？ Are you Steven Carson? 你是Steven Carson吗？ See you later. 一会见。/ See you tomorrow. 明天见。 Good night. 晚安。 Have a nice day. 过得愉快。 Have a good evening. 有个美好的晚上。 3.语法点总结 1) 代词主格与be动词的搭配形容词性物主代词 缩写完整形式(后面须加名词使用) I’m I am my you’re you are your he’s he is his she’s she is her it’s it is its we’re we are our they’re they are their 2) 元音字母：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
Third Edition (第3版) interchange 剑桥国际英语教程 Jack C. Richards 词汇手册入门级 Unit 1 it’s nice to meet you afternoon n. 下午 again ad. 又，再 am (=’m) v. 是，在 and conj. 和，与 are (=’re) v. 是，在 book n. 书 (English / math) class n. （英语/ 数学）课 1 classmate n. 同班同学 country n. 国家；国土 evening n. 傍晚 famous a. 著名的 female n. 女子 first a. 第一的 first / last name 名字/ 姓 he pro. 他 her a. 她的 2 his a. 他的 I pron. 我 in (my class) prep. 在（我的班）里 is (=’s) v. 是，在 it pron. 它 last a. 最后的 male n. 男子 married a. 已婚的 3 math n. 数学 Miss n. (未婚)女士,小姐 morning n. 早晨 Mr. n. 先生 Mrs. n. 夫人，太太 Ms. n. 女士 my a. 我的 name n. 名字 nickname n. 绰号 4 night n. 夜晚 no ad. 不 oh int. 噢 our a. 我们的 phone n. 电话 phone number 电话号码 popular a. 受欢迎的 she pron. 她 single a. 单身的 5 teacher n. 教师 (over) there ad. （在）那里 too (=also) 也 yes 是 you 你，你们 your 你的，你们的 Unit2 What’s this? address 地址 address book 地址簿 bag 袋子，包 behind 在……后面 board 写字板 book bag 书包 box 盒子 7 briefcase 公文包 （English）book （英语）书 café咖啡厅，快餐店 camera 照相机 car 汽车 cassette player 磁带放音机 CD player CD机 8 cell phone （=cellphone）手机 chair 椅子 chopstick 筷子 clock 钟，时钟 desk 书桌 （English）dictionary （英文）词 典 DVD player DVD机 earring 耳环 9 encyclopedia 百科全书 eraser 橡皮 exercise 练习，训练 glasses 眼镜 gone 丢失的 great 好的，伟大的 10 I bet 我认为…… in front of 在……前面 interesting 有趣的 key 钥匙 location 地点，场所 notebook 笔记本 now 好了（用于停顿或引起别人 注意） 11 on 在……前面 open 打开 pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔
作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. [Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose wor ds that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。
Finding your true calling 找寻内心真实的呼唤 The very worst use of time in life is to stay for months or years at a job for which you are completely unsuited. However, a great number of people spend their whole lives doing something during the week so that they can somehow find some thing enjoyable to do on the weekend. 人们一生中利用时间最糟糕的莫过于经年累月地从事自己完全不合适的工作。可是，有相当多的人却一生都是如此度过的：工作日内做做事，周末找些乐子。 In every case, these are men and women with very little future before them.They look upon their jobs as a form of drudgery, a penance they have to pay in order to enjoy the rest of their lives. And because of this attitude, they will seldom advance or be promoted. They will stay pretty much at the same level, moving from job to job, and always wondering why other people seem to live the "good life" while they feel they are living lives of quiet desperation. 从各种情况看，这些人的前途黯淡。他们认为自己的工作是沉重的任务，是他们为了享受余生对自己的惩罚。正是由于这种态度，他们很少会有发展或得到提升。他们总是在原地踏步，工作换了一个又一个，
基础综合英语课文翻译 导语：《基础综合英语》综合听说读写四个方面。每单元前半 部分涉及听说技能，而后半部分突出读写技能。这四种技能都围绕同一主题展开，相互补充，协同提高。下面是由的关于基础综合英语课文第一单元部分课文的翻译。欢迎阅读！ 对F的赞美 今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义 的文凭。这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。 最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我 教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学历毕业证书。他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。 在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。在每学期 开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！我希望有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，即使我阅读不好，也不会写作。很多诸如此类的抱怨。
我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前，我将孩子们 的学力能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其它妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。 我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的 注意。我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关，直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。他坐在 后排和他的朋友说话。她告诉我。你为什么不把他换到前排来？我恳求道，我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。史蒂夫特夫人从眼镜上方冷冷地看着我。我不会换高年级学生的座位。她说，我会给他们不及格的成绩。我大感紧张。我们儿子的学习生涯在我的眼前闪现。之前，没有老师以此威胁过他。我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。到家时，我对此感觉良好。目前这是一种激进的做法，但是，嗯，为什么不这么做呢？她要给你不及格。我告诉我的儿我没有再多说什么。突然英语就在他的生活中成了头等大事。他期末得了一个A。 我知道一个例子不能说明问题，但我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上。这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的 He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？ Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building. 保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。 53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？ It's property intensive.这是财产密集型 54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？ A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。 55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries? 奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？ Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。 56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World? 其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？ A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods. 自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。 Where one stage of child development has been left out, 57. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children（）所有治疗儿童发育困难的原则(重述以前的经历) offers recapture of earlier experiences 58. The child in the nursery（）托儿所里的孩子 doesn’t initially sleep and wake at regular intervals.最初没有定期睡眠和唤醒 59. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills（）鼓励孩子学习新技能should be balanced between two extremes应该在两个极端之间取得平衡 60. Jigsaw puzzles are（）拼图游戏是 suitable exercises for parent-child co operation亲子合作的适当练习 61. Parental controls and discipline（）家长控制和纪律 serve a dual purpose服务于双重目的 62. According to the passage, why is learning together a fruitful source of relationship? 根据这段话，为什么一起学习是一个富有成果的关系来源 Because children and their parents share learning.因为孩子和他们的父母共享学习。 Artist Sam Easterson's“Animal, vegetable" video project offers a bizarre 63. Easterson's cameras on animals will keep on working（）伊斯特森的动物摄影机将继续工作 as long as they are still in their positions只要他们仍然在自己的位置上 64. Easterson has presented the world seen by animals and plants mainly to（）Easterson向人们展示了动植物所看到的世界(鼓励人们保护动植物) encourage people to protect animals and plants