第23讲介词和数词
介词
【名题实战】
1．__C__ the exam，we'll say good-bye to our dear teachers，classmates as well as our beautiful school.(2014，安徽)
A．In B．For C．After D．Through
2．Welcome to our hotel！I hope you'll have a good time __B__ your stay here.(2012，安徽) A．after B．during C．with D．since
3．The man tried several times to start the car，and he succeeded __B__．(2012，安徽)
A．in the past B．in the end
C．at first D．at once
4．I hear our teacher will be back __B__ three week's time.(2011，安徽)
A．at B．in C．for D．after
5．—Look！There are so many people in the park.
—Nobody likes to stay at home __B__ Sunday morning.(2011，芜湖)
A．in B．on C．at D．to
6．—What time do you expect me back，Mum?
—Say，__C__ half an hour.(2010，安徽)
A．at B．before C．in D．for
7．I couldn't get through the door because there was a big box __D__．(2010，安徽)
A．by the way B．on the way
C．out of the way D．in the way
【考点梳理】
近五年来，安徽中考试题对介词考查的频率较高，主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。
学习重点应放在以下三点：
1．表时间，地点，方式等介词的用法；
2．介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用；
3．同义或近义介词辨析。
高频考向一表时间的介词
①at，in，on
表示时间点用at。如：at six o'clock，at noon，at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。如：in May，in winter，in the morning，
in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。如：on Monday，on July 1st，on Sunday morning等。
②since，after
由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段为过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。如：
They have lived here since 1978.自从1978年，他们就住在这儿。
After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。
③in，after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用How soon。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如：
He will be back in two months.他将在两个月后回来。
He returned after a month.他一个月后回来了。
④for，since
for可以指过去、现在或将来，着重说明“多久”，后面接时间段。since意为“自从……起”，多与完成时连用，后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作，since引导从句时，主句的动作是持续性的。如：
He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。
He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。
It's five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。
【例1】My friend，Susan，was born______September 12th，1999.(2014，孝感)
A．in B．at C．on D．for
解析：在具体的某一天应用介词on。
答案：__C__
【例2】—How long have you lived in the new flat?
—______ 2010.(2013，扬州)
A．In B．After C．Since D．Before
解析：表示“自从……起”应用介词since，后常接时间点或从句。
答案：__C__
【例3】______he exam，we'll say good-bye to our dear teachers，classmates as well as our
beautiful school.(2014，安徽)
A．In B．For C．After D．Through
解析：由后半句“我们将和亲爱的老师、同学以及漂亮的学校说再见”可推断应是考试后。
答案：__C__
【例4】Most of my classmates were born______June，1998.(2014，阜康)
A．in B．on C．at D．of
解析：月份前面应用介词in。
答案：__A__
高频考向二表示地点和位置的介词
①at，in，on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨天他到达的上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前，他们到达了一个小村子。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。
②over，above，on
over，on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。如：
There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
We flew above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。
They put some flowers on the teacher's desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。
③in，on，to
从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内，在……中”；on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，即“毗邻；接壤”；to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如：
Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲
东部(范围内)，中国东面(不接壤)，东临太平洋(接壤)。
④in front of，in the front of
in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of表示“在……
的前部”，在某个范围以内。如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。
⑤across，through
across表示从物体表面通过，与on有关。
through表示通过一个空间，与in有关。如：
The boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过了街。
They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。
⑥below，under
below “在……下”，不一定在正下方。
under “在……正下方”。如：
There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。
Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。
⑦between，among
between指两者之间。
among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如：
There is a map between the door and the window.门和窗户之间有一张地图。
He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。
【例5】It's reported that President Xi Jinping arrived ______ Moscow______March 22nd to pay a three-day visit to Russia.(2013，滨州)
A．at；on B．in；on C．at；in D．in；in
解析：句意：arrive at后接小地点，arrive in后接大地点；具体的某一天用介词on。
答案：__B__
【例6】Mr.Green's office is ______he 26th floor.You can take the lift there.(2014，重庆) A．at B．in C．on D．for
解析：“在几楼”应用介词on。
答案：__C__
【例7】—Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival (桃花节)?
—Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying ________hem.(2013，东营)
A．in B．among C．between D．through
解析：由语境可知句意为“是的，那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去”。
答案：__B__
高频考向三表示方式的介词by，with，in，on
by表示“以……方式、方法或手段”；with表示“用……工具”；in表示“用……方式、语言、语调或颜色”等；on则一般指用网络，电脑，电视，电话等。如：
He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。
How amazing！The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇！这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
Can you spell it in English？你会用英语把它拼出来吗？
【例8】______ all his pocket money，Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's
Day.(2014，衢州)
A．With B．For C．By D．In
解析：句意为“丹用他的所有零花钱在母亲节的时候给他的母亲买了一件礼物”，只有with可以表达“用……工具”。
答案：__A__
【例9】When I got into the room，Sue was talking ______he phone.
A．with B．on C．to D．in
解析：用电话在交谈，介词应用on。
答案：__B__
高频考向四介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
1．动词＋介词
arrive in/at到达
ask for请求
do well in在……方面做得好
give up放弃
prefer…to…宁愿选择……，更喜欢……
regard…as…把……看做……
thanks to幸亏，由于
think about考虑
laugh at嘲笑
learn from向……学习
leave for出发去某地
talk to与……谈话
go in for从事，致力于
hear about听说
look at (有意识地)看
speak to对……说
send for派人去叫，叫人去拿shout at大声叫喊，吼叫worry about为……担心think of考虑，关心
2．介词＋名词
in time 及时
on time 准时
in front of 在……前面
at home 在家
in English 用英语
at night 在晚上
with a smile 带着微笑without breakfast没吃早餐
at first 首先
at last 最后
on one's way to 在某人去……的路上
at once 立刻，马上
at the same time 同时
by hand 用手，手工，亲手
in trouble 处于困境
in fact 事实上
on duty 值日
out of work 失业
out of breath 上气不接下气
on the left/right 在左/右边
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
3．介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配be born in…出生于……
be good at…擅长……
be made of…由……制成
be angry with sb.跟某人生气
be angry at sth.为某事生气
be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意
be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意
be surprised at对……感到惊奇(诧异)
be used to…习惯于……
be tired of…讨厌……，厌倦……
be interested in对……感兴趣
be proud of…以……自豪(骄傲)
be full of…充满……
be filled with充满……
take (catch) hold of抓住
be sure of…确信……
take part in参加
break into(in) 闯入
take care of照顾，关心，保管
be busy with…忙于……
be strict with sb.对某人严格要求
catch up with跟上，赶上
have nothing to do with…与……无关
go to school去上学
keep out of不让进入
go to bed(sleep) 去睡觉
look forward to盼望，期待
say hello to向……问好
【例10】The teachers hope all of us can hand______our homework ______ime every day.(2013，黄石)
A．up；in B．out；on C．on；in D．in；on
解析：考查固定短语hand in意为“上交”；in time“及时”，on time“准时”。
答案：__D__
【例11】—What's your teacher like?
—She is always strict______us.(2013，广安)
A．in B．with C．to
解析：be strict with为固定搭配，意为“对……严格要求”。
答案：__B__
【例12】At last，he came up______a good idea to solve the problem.(2014，贺州)
A．in B．for C．with D．at
解析：come up with为固定搭配，意为“想出”。
答案：__C__
一、单项选择。
1．—How will you go there?
—__C__ foot.(2014，宁夏)
A．With B．By C．On D．In
2．Mother's Day is __A__ the second Sunday in May in the United States.(2014，长沙)
A．on B．in C．at D．of
3．—Excuse me，Mr.Li，where is the Fishing Island?
—Let me show you on the map.It's __A__ the east of China.(2014，北京)
A．in B．on C．to D．of
4．It's kind______you __A__ help me with my English.(2014，安顺)
A．of；to B．for；to C．of；for D．to；to
5．A conversation __C__ a wise person is worth ten years' study of books.(2014，河南)
A．for B．like C．with D．to
6．__D__ the development of economy，my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.(2014，毕节)
A．In B．On C．By D．With
7．We should remember to spend some time __D__ your loved ones，because they're not going to be around forever.(2014，黔南)
A．from B．with C．in D．on
8．Mom always tells me that nothing can be learned __D__ hard work.(2014，平凉)
A．with B．by C．for D．without
9．—When were you born?
—I was born __C__ a cold winter morning in 1994.(2014，南充)
A．in B．at C．on D．of
10．Some workers in that factory have to work __A__ night.(2014，嘉兴)
A．at B．for C．with D．among
11．Uncle Tom lives______a farm __C__ the country.(2014，益阳)
A．in；at B．near；on C．on；in D．at；near
12．The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in __C__ the open window，making us feel in a good mood (心情)．(2014，哈尔滨)
A．on B．with C．through D．in
13．—How long have you stayed in this hotel?
—Not long，just __B__ this Monday.(2014，绵阳)
A．from B．since C．for D．on
14．I sometimes help my mum with the housework __C__ Saturdays.(2014，北京)
A．at B．in C．on D．to
15．—What would you like______your afternoon tea?
—Just a cup of coffee __C__ some sugar and milk.(2014，呼和浩特)
A．of；with B．of；without
C．for；with D．for；without
数词
【名题实战】
1．About______of the earth __B__ covered with water，but we have less and less available fresh water.(2014，泰州)
A．three-fourth；is B．three-fourths；is
C．three-fourth；are D．three-fourths；are
2．—We will have a __A__ holiday next month，let's have a trip to Mount Emei.
—That's great.(2014，遂宁)
A．three-day B．three-days
C．three-days' D．three days
3．—I hear your pen pal is visiting Wuhan again.Is it the __B__ time for him？(2014，孝感)
—Yes，and he will come for a third time next spring.
A．first B．second C．third D．fourth
4．The sinking accident in Korea happened______April 16，2014 and __C__ people lost their
lives.(2014，梅州)
A．in；hundreds B．on；many hundreds
C．on；hundreds of D．at；many hundreds of
【考点梳理】
近五年来，安徽中考的单项选择没有涉及对数词的考查，但数词是语法中的一个重点。考生还是很有必要掌握这一知识点的。特别要注意以下四点：
1．基数词和序数词的用法；
2．日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法；
3．分数的表达；
4．hundred，thousand，million，billion的用法。
高频考向一基数词
1．基数词的构成
①1～12独立成词。one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve.
②13～19的基数词以-teen结尾。要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼写。
③表示整“十”的基数词：20～90的基数词都以-ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，ninety的正确写法。
④21～99的写法是：十位数加个位数，中间用连字符号“-”连接。如：26 twenty-six；
57 fifty-seven
⑤101～999的构成是：百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如：123 one hundred and twenty-three
⑥hundred，thousand，million，billion等词在表示确定数目的时候，直接前面加基数词；表示不确定数目时，要在它们后面加s，其后还要加of。如：
three hundred students三百名学生
thousands of students成千上万的学生
2．基数词的用法
①表示数量的多少。
②表示年份。1988读作nineteen eighty-eight
③表示时刻。7：00读作seven o'clock
8：30读作half past eight/eight thirty
3：05读作five past three/three five
5：48读作twelve to six/five forty-eight
④表示顺序。单数名词＋基数词，名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如：
Class Two，Room 12，No.3 Middle School
注：“单数名词＋基数词”可转换成“the＋序数词＋单数名词”，此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如：Lesson Three＝the third lesson
⑤“数词＋单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如：a three-year-old girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语，后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。
⑥与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词＋单位名词＋形容词”，表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如：ten years old，3600 meters long
⑦“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如：
In his sixties，he rode a bike round the world.
The light was invented in the 1870s.
⑧与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加—定数量。如：
another three hours，two more cakes
【例1】—Excuse me，sir.Here's a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in?
—______．
A．308 Room B．Room 308
C．The Room 308 D．The 308 Room
解析：“几号房间”应用“Room＋房间号”表示。
答案：__B__
【例2】Linda's mother looks young，but actually she is in her ______．(2013，恩施)
A．sixties B．sixtieth
C．sixty years old D．sixty
解析：表示某人约几十岁的时候，应用基数词的复数形式。
答案：__A__
高频考向二序数词
1．序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词＋th”构成。如：six→sixth，seven→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字，先将y改为i，再加-eth。如：fifty→fiftieth，seventy→seventieth 等。
③21以上的非整十的数字，将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词，其他的位数仍用基数词。如：
twenty-one→twenty-first，thirty-two→thirty-second，two hundred and ninety-eight→two hundred and ninety-eighth等。
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况，而且这类词也常常是考点，大家要特别注意记忆。如：
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，twelve→twelfth
注：fourteenth(第十四)，fortieth(第四十)，ninth(第九)，nineteenth(第十九)，ninetieth(第九十)
2．序数词的用法
①表示顺序。序数词表顺序时，其前须用定冠词the，后接单数名词。
如：I'm the first one to arrive here.
注：如序数词前出现人称代词，则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时，则关系代词只能用that。
如：Today is my thirtieth birthday.
②用于最高级前。
如：John is the second tallest boy in our class.
③分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为1，分母用单数，分子大于1，分母用复数。
如：one fifth，three fifths
—些习惯用法：1/4也可表示为a quarter，3/4也可表示为three quarters，1/2也可表示为a half
④带分数的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如：
Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。
Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。
⑤表示数量上再增加“一”，用：a(an)＋序数词＋单数名词。如：She had a second child.
她有了第二个孩子。
【例3】Please turn to Page______and read the______story.(2014，兰州)
A．Ten；two B．Ten；second
C．Tenth；second D．Tenth；two
解析：Page＋基数词，表示第几页，且基数词首字母要大写；the＋序数词＋story，表示第几个故事。
答案：__B__
【例4】It is the boy's______birthday today.He is five years old now.(2013，成都)
A．fifteen B．fifth C．the fifth
解析：表达某人的第几个生日应用序数词，且前面不能用定冠词。
答案：__B__
高频考向三数词中的难点
①hundred，thousand，million，billion的运用。在构成具体的数字时，用单数形式。如：two hundred students，表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如：thousands of students(成千上万的学生)。
②与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如：another three hours 或three more hours。
③“一两天”可表达为：a day or two或one or two days
有关“半”的表达：three years and a half或three and a half years三年半；half an hour 半小时；one hour and a half/one and a half hours一个半小时。
【例5】______ fans would like to go to Brazil to watch the World Cup.(2014，龙东)
A．Million of B．Millions of
C．Millions
解析：millions of为固定搭配，意为“数百万的”。
答案：__B__
一、单项选择。
1．On June 2nd this year，__A__ people celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival near the Songhua River.To our joy，there was little rubbish left.(2014，哈尔滨)
A．thousands of B．thousand
C．two thousands D．thousands
2．—Which month of the year do you like?
—July，the __B__ month，because summer vacation begins in this month.(2014，成都)
A．second B．seventh C．ninth
3．—Which is the biggest number of the four?
—__B__．(2014，黔西南)
A．One third B．Two thirds
C．A half D．A quarter
4．—We have sixty students in our class.__B__ of them are boys.How many girls are there，do you know?
—There are twenty girls.(2014，襄阳)
A．One third B．Two thirds
C．One quarter D．A half
5．About __B__ of the students like keeping diaries in English in our class.(2014，安顺)
A．two fifth B．two fifths
C．second five D．two five
6．—How long is the bridge?
—It's __C__．(2013，兰州)
A．300-meter-long B．300-meters long
C．300 meters long D．300-meters-long
7．Today is the boy's __C__ birthday.He is 12 years old.(2014，南充)
A．twelve B．twelveth
C．twelfth D．the twelfth
8．David Beckham has______children.Brooklyn Beckham is his __C__ son.(2014，宜宾)
A．third；first B．three；one
C．three；first D．third；one
二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
9．December is the __twelfth__ (十二) month of a year.(2013，日照)
10．October is the __tenth__ month in a year.(2013，淄博)
11．There are __thirty__ days in April as well as in June and in September.(2013，杭州) 12．Jim's parents will celebrate their __forty__ (四十) years of marriage this Sundays.(2013，扬州)
13．It's said the game Angry Birds has been downloaded __millions__ (百万) of times.(2013，连云港)