20篇必背范文：
小作文4篇书信，3篇告示，3篇摘要。大作文1篇提纲，2篇情景，2篇图表，
5篇图画【1998,2001,2002,2003,2004】
小作文（一）2005-2009大纲样题：
Dear Sir or Madam,
As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) , I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.
Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2008.
I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
尊敬的先生或女士：
由于我计划参加全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试，充分考虑到贵书店的良好声誉和书籍的优良品质，我决定订购一些考研英语书籍。
首先，请给我关于这些书的书名、作者、出版社、价格的详细信息。其次，我也想知道付款方式和售后服务。第三，我想知道您是否方便把这些书通过特快邮政专递在2008年9月1日前送到北京新东方学校总部。
非常感谢您好心考虑我的请求。期待着尽快得到您的答复。
您真诚的，
李明
（二）2005：
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor for your magazine Design & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life.
However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my present job doesn't fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that may conform to my former preparation. Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may occur.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
尊敬的王先生：
十分感激您两个月之前聘用我为杂志《设计与时尚》的编辑。我非常珍惜这个和您以及其他同事共事的机会。这将是我一生中的难忘经历。
但是，对于一个喜欢计算机科学远多于时尚设计的年轻人来说，我认识到目前的工作并不符合我的教育背景与个人能力。因此，我决定辞职，找一份与我从前教育背景相关的工作。
我为离开可能造成的不便深表歉意。
您真诚的，
李明
（三）2006：
Dear Sir or Madam,
Moved by the noble cause of Project Hope and encouraged by what has been achieved so far, I would like to contribute my bit to the project by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area of your province.
I would be much grateful if you could help me seek out a girl who has just started schooling but whose family cannot afford her education. My plan is to pay for her tuition on an annual basis till she finishes her secondary education. I would like to remit my donation directly to a bank account opened by her family in her local area.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
尊敬的先生或女士：
希望工程这项高尚的事业感动了我，同时这项工程迄今所取得的成就也鼓舞了我。因此，我想通过给贵省偏远地区的一个孩子提供经济帮助，来为希望工程贡献我的微薄之力。
如果您能帮助我找到一个刚开始上学但家庭无法为其负担学费的小女孩，我将不胜感激。本人计划按年度支付她的学费直至她中学毕业。我希望把捐款直接汇给她的家人在当地开设的银行账户中。
您真诚的，
李明
（四）2007：
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am a student in this university who regularly come to the library to spend my spare time. Generally speaking, the services you offer here is quite good; however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.
To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having class, so they can‘t come to the library. Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be greatly honored.
I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
尊敬的先生/女士：
我是本校的一名学生，常来图书馆度过业余时间。总而言之，您这里提供的服务相当不错，但我有一些建议希望您采纳。如果您能好心考虑我的建议，我将非常感谢。
首先，是否可以请您延长阅读时间？在白天，大多数学生在上课，来不了图书馆。其次，书架上有些书已经过时了。如果您能好心提供一些例如最新杂志等的书籍，我们将非常感谢。
我确实希望拥有一个更加舒适的图书馆。再次感谢您的时间和关注。
您真诚的，
李明
（一）比赛通告：
Chinese-Speaking Contest
January 8, 2011
To improve students‘ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students‘ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (15 January) at the Students‘ Auditorium. Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week. Five professors will be invited to be judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.
The Students‘ Union
Department of Chinese Language and Literature
中文演讲比赛
2011年1月8日
为提高同学们中文演讲的能力并丰富课外活动，中文系学生会将于下周六（1月15日）在学生大礼堂组织全校中文演讲比赛。有兴趣参加的同学请于下周二之前在本班班长处报名。我们将邀请五位教授担任评委，并将给前六名获奖者者颁奖。欢迎大家积极参加。
中文系学生会
（二）征稿启事：
Contributions Wanted
January 8, 2011
To celebrate the 18th anniversary of the Beijing New Oriental Education and Technology Group, this journal has decided to publish a special issue on our great achievements in the teaching and research activities in the past 18 years. Articles, photos, memoirs and other writings related to this topic are invited. Faculty members and students are welcome to send in their contributions in whatever forms or styles to our office before the 30th instant. They may also send their writings and photos electronically to the following address: xdfyy@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0113136902.html,
The Editorial Office
New Oriental English Journal
征稿启事
2011年1月8日
为庆祝北京新东方教育科技集团成立18周年，本杂志决定出版专刊纪念过去18年来我们在教学和研究活动中取得的光辉业绩。欢迎与此相关的任何文章、照片、回忆录或其他文体。欢迎各位教师及同学在30日前把各种形式和风格的征稿寄给我们主编室。也可将稿件与照片网上寄给下述地址：xdfyy@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0113136902.html,
《新东方英语》杂志社总编室
（三）招聘启事：
Teachers Wanted
Beijing New Oriental School is looking for 10 teachers. Applicants should have a strong professional spirit and a good command of English.
Location: Beijing
Education: University graduate
Requirements: Candidate must have outstanding skills at English teaching and the ability to speak Chinese and English fluently. The candidates must have Chinese nationality and be aged under 35.
Those with relevant professional experience are preferred.
Contact: Candidates should send their resume, cover letter, record of formal schooling and a copy of their transcripts, along with two 2-inch photo to:
Beijing New Oriental School
B-5F Zhongguancun Finance Center, 6 Haidianzhong Street, Haidian District
Beijing 100080, China (Please mark: Application)
Email: bj-hr@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0113136902.html,
招聘教师
北京新东方学校现招聘10名教师。应聘者需有较强的职业精神和良好的英语水平。
工作地点：北京
教育背景：大学毕业
招聘条件：应聘者需具有卓越的英文教学水平以及流利的中英文演讲能力。应聘者必须具有中国国籍，年龄在35岁以下。
优先考虑具有相关职业经验的人选。
联系方式：应聘者请将个人简历、附件、正规教育证明及其复印件，以及两张2寸照片寄至：
北京新东方学校
地址：中国北京市海淀区海淀中街6号中关村金融中心B座5层
邮编：100080（请注明：应聘）
邮箱：bj-hr@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0113136902.html,
（一）金融类：
中文摘要金融危机又称金融风暴，是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的金融指标的急剧恶化。金融危机可以分为货币危机、债务危机、银行危机、次贷危机等类型。金融危机的特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期，整个区域内货币币值出现幅度较大的贬值。产生危机的背景非常复杂，主要有以下几方面促因。（1）美国的消费习惯。借钱消费是普遍的生活方式。（2）经济管理思想。新“自由主义”思潮受到追捧。（3）经济环境与具体政策工具。（194字）
Financial Crisis
Financial crisis, also known as financial tsunami, refers to the dramatic deterioration of the financial indicators of a certain country or several countries and regions in the world. It can be classified as currency crisis, debt crisis, banking crisis, sub-loan crisis, etc. The feature of the crisis is that people are pessimistic about the economic future because of monetary depreciation occurring throughout the region. The causes for the crisis are complicated with multiple reasons, mainly from three aspects, i.e., the U.S. consumption habits of borrowing, the idea of free economic management, and the economic environment and specific policy instruments. (99 words)
（二）人文类：
中文摘要
这些年来，“要敢讲真话”，叫得很响。从实际情况看，辨别真话还是有标准的。目前，我看至少有两个。一个是心里怎么想，口头怎么说，就叫真话。一个是，说的符合实际，不夸大，不缩小，没有片面性，就叫讲真话。两种标准，实际上是从两种不同的意义上，或者说两种不同层次上来谈论“真话”的。但由此也便产生了倡言“讲真话”时的歧义。看来，我们不能只停留在提倡“口心一致”的“真话”上，还要进一步提倡实事求是的“真话”。当然，提倡追求真理的“真话”，并不否认讲心里话。同志之间，朋友之间，包括对待上下级，都应该敞开思想，有话就说，不必顾忌。但是写文章，做演说，搞创作，情况有所不同，都是用自己的话，去宣传人，影响社会，这就要顾及讲话的效果。（309字）
On Telling the Truth
In recent years, there is much talk about ―telling the truth‖, but criteria are quite different. There are at least two criteria to distinguish the truth. One is to speak out what one thinks arbitrarily, the other is to be realistic without any exaggeration and one-sided view. Different criteria may bring about various meanings when ―telling the truth‖. Accordingly, we should not only advocate the practice of saying what one thinks, but more importantly, the spirit of seeking truth from facts. The pursuit of truth does not contradict speaking out one‘s mind. We may talk freely with comrades and friends, while in writing or making speeches, we should be prudent, taking various realistic factors into consideration. (116 words)
（三）时事类：
中文摘要
奥巴马就海地发生强烈地震发表讲话
我想对海地人民表达最深的问候，美国人民将坚定地向海地提供援助。目前我们的救援活动主要集中于以下几个紧急的方面。首先，我们迅速查明了很多在海地生活工作的美国公民的情况。其次，我们调动了人力和物资，支持救援。第三，我们正采取措施，确保美国政府统一行动。最后，这次灾难提醒了我们共同拥有的人性。（144字）
President Obama's Remarks on the Earthquake in Haiti
I want to extend to the people of Haiti the deep condolences and unwavering support of the American people. I have directed my administration to respond with a swift, coordinated, and aggressive effort to save lives. Right now our efforts are focused on several urgent priorities. First, we‘re working quickly to account for many American citizens who live and work in Haiti. Second, we‘ve mobilized resources to help rescue efforts. Third, we are taking step s to ensure
that our government acts in a unified way. Finally, this is a time when we are reminded of the common humanity that we all share. (102 words)
大作文（六）1996
The desire for health is universal. With the quickening pace of urban life and ever-increasing pressure, people in growing numbers are suffering either physical or mental problems. It is generally believed that good health is the key to a happy life and a successful career.
There are numerous ways of keeping fit. First and foremost, it is most effective to do physical exercises. People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or riding as their regular exercises because exercises never fail to make us stronger and more energetic. Moreover, we should put great emphasis on forming good habits. A balanced diet and sufficient sleep are both indispensable to physical fitness. What‘s more, mental health should also be taken seriously. Especially in adversity, we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull throug h life‘s pain and sorrow, twists and turns.
As far as I am concerned, I have a peculiar interest in yoga exercise. An hour‘s exercise everyday usually makes me feel healthier and more vigorous. Besides, I never touch any cigarette or wine, neither do I stay up late. Instead, I keep balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o‘clock at night, because I believe burning the midnight oil is harmful to health. More importantly, an optimistic attitude toward life makes me confident and persistent. To sum up, all these practices guarantee a fit health and a happy life.
对于健康的渴望很普遍。随着都市生活节奏的加快和压力的不断增加，越来越多的人开始拥有生理或心理问题。普遍公认健康是生活幸福和事业成功的关键。
保持健康的方式有很多种。首先，进行体育锻炼最为有效。人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或汽车作为日常锻炼，这是因为这些运动总是使我们更强壮和精力充沛。此外，我们应该重视养成良好习惯。均衡饮食和足够睡眠对于生理健康都是不可或缺的。另外，心理健康也应被认真对待。尤其在逆境中，我们需要保持一种乐观的心态来经历人生的痛苦悲伤、迂回曲折。
就我而言，我对瑜伽有特殊的兴趣。每天一小时的锻炼经常使我感到更健康而且更有活力。此外，我从不吸烟喝酒，也不熬夜。相反，我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上11点之前上床睡觉，因为我相信熬夜对健康有害。更为重要的是，对生活乐观的态度使我充满自信而且坚持不懈。简而言之，所有这些锻炼保证了良好的健康和快乐的生活。
（一）2009年MBA真题：
In the new millennium, text message is set to become an essential feature of individuals‘ life. It comes no surprise that a vast majority of people are indulged in sending and receiving short message, considering the great pleasure and convenience it brings about. Still, there are some others viewing text message as a curse of modern life, for it cause extra waste and do harm to our health.
Text messaging, as a means of communication, shortens the distance between people, which, many believe, is one of its apparent advantages. By sending regards to them via short message, we can not only maintain contact with our friends and relatives, but share pleasure with them as well. Another benefit obtained from text message is the convenience for people to keep up with the latest information they need whatever they go and whatever they do. For instance, a large number of people have subscribed to various short-message services ranging from weather forecast to fashion news and enjoy them very much. Accordingly, with text message people‘s daily life will be greatly enriched.
Truly, apart from those benefits, text messaging might have its drawbacks. But it is my view that its negative impacts depend, to a large extent, on how it is used. As a consequence, if we
make proper use of it, short message will never do us more harm than good. (228 words)
在新的世纪，手机短信被视为个人生活中的一个重要特征。毫无疑问，考虑到它所带来的巨大快乐与方便，很多人沉迷于收发短信。然而，由于它能造成额外的浪费并损害我们的健康，有些人认为短信是现代生活的一个弊端。
手机短信作为一种沟通工具，缩短了人们之间的距离。很多人认为这是它的一个显著优点。通过短信问候亲友，我们不仅可以和他们保持联系，也可以与他们分享快乐。从短信中获得的另一个优点就是：无论人们去哪里或做什么，都能方便人们了解最新信息。例如，很多人订阅了从天气预报到时尚快讯的各种短信服务。因此，短信极大丰富了人们的日常生活。
除了这些优点，手机短信确实也有缺点。但在我看来，它的负面影响在很大程度上取决于人们如何使用。因此，如果我们适当使用，手机短信绝不会对我们弊大于利。
（二）2008年MBA真题
The past several years have witnessed the emergence of a widespread social phenomenon. That is, a growing number of people are in quest of college education for adult despite whatever degrees they have required before. It is reported that 390 university graduates, together with 15 candidates who have master‘s degrees have taken the National Adult College Entrance Examination in Shanghai this year. This issue, without the slightest question, has given rise to great concern in the public.
People‘s attitudes towards this phenomenon differ widely. Some find it quite understandable whenconsidering the fact that life-long education is an era of knowledge explosion. Rather, one has to recharge himself with updated information so as to keep up with the development of the society. And yet those who hold negative views regard it as a waste of time as well as educational resources.
Personally, I am in favor of the former opinion. Education is becoming a lifetime study, just as the old saying goes: live and learn. After all, there is no denying the fact that education is of benefit to both personal growth and economic prosperity. And this is also the exact reason why I have determined to do an MBA.
过去几年目睹了一个广泛社会现象的出现：那就是越来越多的人尽管之前已经获得学位，仍然报考成人高校。据报道，今年在上海报名全国成人高考的考生中，有390名本科毕业生和15名硕士生。这个问题无疑已经引起了公众的极大关注。
人们对这一现象的态度截然不同。有人考虑到在一个知识爆炸的时代，我们需要终身教育这一事实，认为这种现象合情合理。相反，为了跟上社会的发展，一个人必须利用最新信息自我充电。而那些持相反意见的人认为这是一种时间和教育资源的浪费。
个人而言，我支持前者的观点。教育正在变为终身学习。正如老话所说：活到老，学到老。毕竟，不可否认这一事实：教育对个人发展和经济繁荣均有益处。这也是为什么我决定攻读MBA的确切原因。（一）2001年大纲样题
The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.
Personally, I believe that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly, smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and so on. According to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related decreases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 14.364 billion pounds in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds the gain in the industry.
In conclusion, as the economic development aims at making our life better, we cannot sacrifice
our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.
大多数人认为吸烟已经导致了严重的问题。然而烟草公司声称他们通过给政府纳税和雇佣成百上千的工人，从而为世界经济做出了巨大的贡献。
个人而言，我认为烟草的生产和消费弊大于利。首先，吸烟是导致诸如心脏病、肺癌等很多致命疾病的原因。根据调查，烟民大约占世界人口20%，而在他们中间，每年有300万人死于与吸烟相关的疾病。世界烟草总产量从1994年的143.64亿磅下降到1995年的142亿磅的事实，也证明了人们已经逐渐意识到吸烟的负面影响。其次，烟草消费非常浪费金钱。如图所示，每年由于吸烟损失2000亿美元。显而易见，全球金钱总损失明显超过工业受益。
总而言之，由于经济发展旨在改进人民生活，我们不能为了短期经济利益牺牲健康。如果我们不得不花费越来越多的钱为那些受吸烟相关疾病所困扰的人群提供医疗服务的话，那么通过烟草生产来发展经济的观念就站不住脚了。我们早就该进行一场全面禁烟的战役了。
（二）1999年真题
Currently, there is a widespread concern regarding the previously neglected connection between growing human population and decreasing wild species. As the two graphs obviously portrayed, American population in 1980 was 250 times than that in 1800, a trend accompanied by the extinction of nearly 70 kinds of wildlife in the past 300 years. A clear correlation is suggested that mankind has exerted a tremendously negative influence on natural resources.
There are a great many causes responsible for the aforementioned tendency. To begin with, to satisfy the space demand for booming population, the only available solution for Americans is to take occupation of forests and grasslands that used to be the habitat of wild animals and plants. In addition, the process of industrialization and urbanization has generated severe pollution that essentially destroys environment and ecosystem.
In my point of view, the dearth of wild species today forecasts an unpromising future for humans tomorrow. In order to eliminate species extinction, relevant laws and regulations must be established and enforced to maintain a large portion of unspoiled areas. Drastic measures should also be applied to ensure that the impact of pollution be removed.
近年来人们开始普遍关注以前被忽略的人口增长和自然物种减少之间的关系。正如两幅图表显示，1980年的美国人口是1900年的250倍，同时在过去的300年间大约有70种野生生物在美国灭绝。这清楚表明人类给自然物种带来了巨大的负面影响。
以上趋势是由诸多原因造成的。首先为了满足迅速增长的人口对于空间的需求，对于美国人来说唯一有效的解决办法就是占据森林和草原，而这些地方曾是野生动植物的栖息地。此外，工业化和城市化的进程造成了严重的污染，在根本上摧毁了环境和生态系统。
我认为，今天野生动物种类的灭绝和数量的减少预示着将来人类并不明朗的前景。为了减少物种灭绝，我们应该制定并执行相关的法律法规来保留大部分的原始生态区。同时，我们也应该采取有效的措施来确保消除污染的影响。
（一）2004：
It is vividly depicted in the cartoon that a boy is running along the racetrack with painstaking efforts, sweat pouring down his face. After a long journey, he is making the final spurt toward the finishing line, with strong determination to become a champion. It seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory. However, straight ahead lies a sign which indicates a new ―starting point‖ and urges him to continue rushing to the next destination. Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress. Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another. Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world. As DengXiaoping, the great Chinese leader
said, ―Development is inarguable truth.‖ No matter how powerful a specific institu tion is, it will definitely seek new development in high speed. Generally speaking, neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant.
A case in point is the successful launching of “ShenzhouⅦSpacecraft”which sets China in a high position of aviation and space flight. Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the forthcoming future and need to do further research in space technology. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. If we pass this test and are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses. We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career. On the whole, these examples effectively clarify the saying that ―destination is another starting point.‖ (296 words)
如图生动所示，一个小男孩正在沿着跑道跑步。他付出艰苦的努力，汗水淌下脸庞。在长途跋涉之后，他正在向着终点进行最后冲刺，抱有成为冠军的坚定决心。看起来他可以休息一会，享受胜利的狂喜。然而，在正前方有标志显示一个新的“起点”，激励他继续朝着下一个目标前进。
毫无疑问，这幅漫画显示了如下含义：人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该不断努力，绝不停止进步。由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈，激励每个人追求一个又一个的目标。一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉，在这个竞争世界中生活下去。正如伟大的中国领导人邓小平所说：“发展才是硬道理”。无论一个具体的机构如何成功，它肯定需要高速寻求新的发展。总而言之，无论一个国家还是个人都不能停滞不前。
一个恰当的例子就是“神州七号宇宙飞船”的成功发射，这使中国处于航空航天的一个较高地位。尽管这对我们中国人意味着一个巨大的成就，但我们在不远的将来面临新的挑战，需要在空间技术领域进行深入研究。另一个例子与我们考生密切相关。如果我们通过了考试，就面临着征服艰巨研究生课程的挑战。我们仍须在我们未来的学业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。总之，这些例子清楚证明了这一说法：“终点又是新起点”。
（二）1998：
The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life. Regretfully, quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense, just as the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corners and have shells, egg whites and yolks.
Odd and funny as they sound, such false promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country. Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes; manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality; commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services. Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations, duties and jobs in these so called promises? I guess your answer will be negative. As a matter of fact, their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.
I dare say that our society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally. But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market economy system. They should remember the old saying, ―Honesty is the best policy‖. (219 words)
过去几年发生了一个现象：各行各业开始出现了各种各样的承诺。遗憾的是，相当多的承诺纯粹只是空话，正如漫画中的这只母鸡一样，承诺下蛋不见棱见角，并保证有蛋皮、蛋清、蛋黄。
尽管这些承诺听起来奇怪有趣，但在全国各地都可以看到听到这样的虚假承诺。管理部门保证不接受任何贿赂，公正有效地履行指责；生产厂家保证生产高质量产品；商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。在这些所谓的承诺中，除了他们的义务、责任和工作之外，你还能发现任何新的和实质性的东西吗？我想你的答案将是否定的。事实上，他们做这种承诺的目的只是披上华丽的外衣以便取悦并欺骗公众。
我认为这个社会正在受到腐败和欺骗的影响，这在物质和道德上都在对社会造成了伤害。但这只母鸡及其同类应该知道：在市场经济体系的激烈竞争中，没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。他们应该牢记这条谚语：“诚实为上策”。
（三）2001：
When we use th e word ―love‖, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. The picture below illustrates the real meaning of love, by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. As a matter of fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the most sublime of human emotions.
As an illustration of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of the deadly earthquake in Sichuan Province. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens. Furthermore, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.
It is my view that the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. Only by doing so can we help to make the world a better place, for, as the picture shows, the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. (241 words)
当我们用到“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指对异性的吸引，这是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。下面的图画注解了爱的真正含义，它强调了爱心是情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，历史上处于不同文化中的人们都把爱当作人类最高尚的情感。
举一个例子证明爱心的力量，我们应该记得中国各族人民如何响应号召去支援四川地震中的受难者。尽管他们的收入按照国际标准衡量还是处于低水平，但是全国人民毫不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受难的同胞们。并且，他们这么做不考虑自己的得失。
我认为，表示爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因为，正如图画所描绘的，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。
（四）2002：
The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face. She wears ribbons, necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group. Undoubtedly, the costume has added oriental charm/glamour to her beautiful look/appearance/features.
What the picture conveys goes far beyond only/merely a new fashion trend. Instead, it carries cultural meanings/implications as well. The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally. In other words, a nation‘s unique/distinctive culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization become irresistible, the increasing cultural exchanges can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship.
It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished. Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures, controversial or even absurd at first sight, can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run. Nevertheless, when we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side. Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional, colorful and vigorous. (221 words)
这幅图画生动描述了一位可爱的美国小女孩身穿传统的中国服装，面带甜蜜的微笑。她戴着具有某个中国少数民族服饰特征的发带、项链和其他装饰品。毫无疑问，这套服装为她美丽的外表增添了东方的魅力。
这幅图画所表达的远远不只是一种新的时尚潮流。反之，它具有文化内涵。神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民这一事实，显示了在某种程度上，一种文化可以被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。换而言之，一个民族独特的文化可以通过全球性的经济和文化交流走向世界。由于全球化潮流不可阻挡，所以文化交流可以有效增进相互间的理解和友谊。
在我看来，我们应该保存和珍惜作为无价精神财富的民族文化。同时，我们很有必要推广世界文化，因为来自其他文化的观点，即使乍看起来相互矛盾或荒谬，但从长远看来，可以为我们观察这个世界提供一种不同的视角。然而，在我们面临不同文化时，应该充满理智地取其精华、去其糟粕。只有这样我们才能积极发展民族文化，并使我们的世界丰富多元、五颜六色、充满活力。
（五）2003：
The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse that shelters it from the threatening lightning and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals scattered on the ground.
To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously. The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents‘ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality. Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.
Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world. (271 words)
上述这组图生动描述了一朵鲜花在不同环境中的命运。如第一幅漫画所示，这朵鲜花被放在舒适的温室里，保护它免于可怕的闪电和风雨。拥有合适的温度、湿度和肥料，鲜花正在充分绽放。相反，当被搬出温室并暴露在风雨之下时，鲜花很快就凋谢枯萎了，花瓣散落一地。
首先，这些图画的目的是告诉我们温室花朵经不起风雨，然而我们应该认真对待它们所微妙传达的象征含义。这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来，具体而言，就是当代社会的独生子女。温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影，而风雨就是严峻的现实。一旦年轻人开始寻求独立并且接受来自现实世界的挑战，人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困难面前无法足够坚强。
总之，我们很有必要从这些发人深思的图画中得出积极的含义。一方面，我们可以经常利用它们来启发年轻人在生活中更加独立。另一方面，父母们应该充满理智给孩子们更多自由来处理困难和问题。只有经历更多的挑战和磨练，年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力，而且只有这样他们才能成为这个竞争世界中的强者。
加粗是考研重点词汇，要从课文句子中掌握其用法，不是很熟的最好查一下牛津或者其他词典；划线的重点要熟练应用的句子，尽量应用到作文中去。
对这36篇文章最好是听写、翻译、背诵一步步来。先把文章听写出来，然后翻译成中文，再把中文翻译成英文，最后背诵。背诵是一件很痛苦的事情，实在背不下来，可以给自己定一个量的要求：“50遍啊50遍！”甚至更强的“100遍啊100遍”读了50遍以上就算背不出来也很熟练了吧。
语言是背出来，模仿磁带的读音，大声跟读大声的背，将可以达到听说读写齐头并进。
新概念三Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawk wood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money as have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawk wood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawk wood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawk wood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawk wood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured painted which was dedicatedto the memory of'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'
曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取"保护"。如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店,让他破产.榨取"保护金"并不是一种现代的罪恶行径.早在14世纪,英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:"人们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手.
600年前,约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来,很快就出了名.意大利人叫他乔凡尼.阿库托.每次意大利各城邦之间发生战争,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。和平时期,当生意萧条时,霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦,纵火烧毁一两个农场,然后提出,如向他们缴纳保护金,他们便主动撤离。霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱.尽管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。他80岁那年死去时,佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位"骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生."
Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world 世界上最长的吊桥
Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbor in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by no meansconsidered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.
The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othman Amman, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. The platformsextend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'.
1524年，一位鲜为人知的意大利人维拉萨诺驾船驶进纽约港，并将该港名为安古拉姆。他对该港作了这样的描述：―地理位置十分适宜，位于两座小山的中间，一条大河从中间流过‖。虽然维拉萨诺绝对算不上一个伟大的探险家，但他的名字将流芳百世，因为1964年11月21日建成的一座世界上最长的吊桥是以他的名字命名。
维拉萨诺大桥由奥斯马.阿曼设计，连结着布鲁克林与斯塔顿岛，桥长4,260英尺。由于桥身太长，设计者不得不考虑了地表的形状。两座巨塔支撑着4根粗大的钢缆。塔身建在巨大的水下钢盘混凝土平台上。平台深入海底100英尺。仅这两座塔就花了16个月才建成。塔身高出水面将近700英尺。高塔支撑着钢缆，而钢缆又悬吊着大桥，4根钢缆中的每根由26，108股钢绳组成。据估计，若桥上摆满了汽车，也只不过是桥的总承载力的1/3。然而，这座桥重要特点不仅是它的规模与强度。尽管此桥很大，但它的结构简单，造型优美，实现了设计者企图创造一个―尽量用细线条勾画出一个庞然大物‖的梦想。Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔.门多萨
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prize-fighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prize-fighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colorful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prize-fighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prize-fighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing-match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as 100 pounds for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作―职业拳击手‖。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在他的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他崇拜备至。
门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑”
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret
which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. The terrible secret is called ?a skeleton in the cupboard‘. At some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard. The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house. George showed me to the guest-room which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about toleap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than ?a terrible secret‘; this was a real skeleton! But George was unsympathetic. ?Oh, that,‘ he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. ?That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time. ‘
在小说中，我们经常读到一个表面上受人尊重的人物或家族，却有着某种多年不为人所知的骇人听闻的秘密。英语中有一个生动的说法来形容这种情况。惊人的秘密被称作―柜中骷髅‖。在小说的某个戏剧性时刻，可怕的秘密泄漏出来，接着便是某人的声誉扫地。当读者读到小说最后几页了解到书中女主人公，那位一向待大家很好的可爱的老妇人年轻时一连毒死了她的5个丈夫时，不禁会毛骨悚然。
这种事发生在小说中是无可非议的。尽管我们人人都有各种大小秘密，连最亲密的朋友都不愿让他们知道，但我们当中极少有人有柜中骷髅。我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷髅的人便是乔治·卡尔顿，他甚至引以为自豪。乔治年轻时学过医，然而，他后来没当上医生，却成了一位成功的侦探小说作家。有一次，我在他家里度周末，过得很不愉快。这事我永远不会忘记。乔治把我领进客房，说这间房间很少使用。他让我打开行装后下楼吃饭。我将衬衫、内衣放进两个空抽屉里，然后我想把随身带来的两套西服中的一套挂到大衣柜里去。我打开柜门，站在柜门前一下子惊呆了。一具骷髅悬挂在眼前，由于柜门突然打开，它也随之轻微摇晃起来，让我觉得它好像马上要跳出柜门朝我扑过来似的。我扔下西服冲下楼去告诉乔治。这是比―骇人听闻的秘密‖更加惊人的东西，这是一具真正的骷髅啊！但乔治却无动于衷。―噢，是它呀！他笑着说道，俨然在谈论一位老朋友。―那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了我以前是学医的了。‖Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy没有东西可卖也没有东西可买
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from
the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。
在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西，在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？
Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at preciselythe same moment. It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain ofreactions. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series ofcatastrophes. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the table-cloth off the table, smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process. You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue. The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her brake hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry–driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden.The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. This led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again.In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. It was just one of those days! 我们大家都有过事事不顺心的日子。一天开始时，可能还不错，但突然间似乎一切都失去了控制。情况经常是这样的，许许多多的事情都偏偏赶在同一时刻出问题，好像是一件无关紧要的小事引起了一连串的连锁反应。假设你在做饭，同时又在照看孩子。这时电话铃响了，它预示着一连串意想不到的灾难的来临。就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯了下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具半数摔碎，同时也弄伤了他自己。你急急忙忙挂上电话，赶去照看孩子和餐具。这时，饭又烧糊了。好像这一切还不足以使你急得掉泪，你的丈夫接着回来了，事先没打招呼就带来3个客人吃饭。
就像许多人最近在悉尼郊区帕拉马塔所发现的那样，有时乱子会闹得很大。一天傍晚交通最拥挤时，一辆汽车撞上前面一辆汽车，两个司机争吵起来。紧跟其后的一辆车上的司机碰巧是个初学者，她一惊之下突然把车停了下来。她这一停使得跟在后头的司机也来了个急刹车。司机的妻子正坐在他身边，手里托着块大蛋糕。她往前一冲，蛋糕从挡风玻璃飞了出去掉在马路上。此时，一辆卡车正好从后边开到那辆汽车边上，司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降，紧急刹车。卡车上装着空啤酒瓶，成百只瓶子顺势从卡车后面滑出车外落在马路上。这又引起了一场唇枪舌剑的争吵。与此同时，后面的车辆排成了长龙，警察花了将近一个小时才使车辆又开起来。在这段时间里，卡车司机不得不清扫那几百只破瓶子。只有两只野狗从这一片混乱中得到了好处，它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。这就是事事不顺心的那么一天！Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place. But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop. There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors.
No one discovers a rarity by chance. A truly dedicatedbargain hunter must have patience, and above all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it. To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer. Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.
My old friend, Frank Holliday, is just such a person. He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere￡50. One Saturday morning, Frank visited an antique shop in my neighborhood. As he had never been there before, he found a great deal to interest him. The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing-case lying on the floor. The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it. Frank begged him to do so and the dealer reluctantly prised it open. The contents were disappointing. Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much ofit broken. Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box and suddenly noticed a miniature painting at the bottom of the packing-case. As its Composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it. Glancing at it briefly, the dealer told him that it was worth￡50. Frank could hardly conceal his excitement, for he knew that he had made a real discovery. The tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio and was worth hundreds of thousands of pounds.
古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。高档一点的古玩店为了防尘，把文物漂亮地陈列在玻璃柜子里，那里往往令人望而却步。而对不太装腔作势的古玩店，无论是谁都不用壮着胆子才敢往里进。人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。
无论是谁都不会一下子就发现一件珍品。一个到处找便宜货买的人必须具有耐心，而且最重要的是看到珍品时要有鉴别珍品的能力。要做到这一点，他至少要像古董商一样在行。他必须像一个专心致志进行探索的科学家那样抱有这样的希望，即终有一天，他的努力会取得丰硕的成果。
我的老朋友弗兰克·哈利戴正是这样一个人。他多次向我详细讲他如何只花50英镑便买到一位名家的杰作。一个星期六的上午，弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古玩店。由于他从未去过那儿，结果他发现了许多有趣的东西。上午很快过去了，弗兰克正准备离去，突然看见地板上放着一只体积很大的货箱。古董商告诉他那只货箱刚到不久，但他嫌麻烦不想把它打开。经弗兰克恳求，古董商才勉强把货箱撬开了。箱内东西令人失望。除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外，货箱内装满了陶器，而且大部分都已破碎。弗兰克轻轻地把陶器拿出箱子，突然发现在箱底有一幅微型画，画面构图与线条使他想起了一幅他所熟悉的意大利画，于是他决定将画买下来。古董商漫不经心看了一眼那幅画，告诉弗兰克那画值50英镑。弗兰克几乎无法掩饰自己兴奋的心情，因为他明白自己发现了一件珍品。那幅不大的画原来是柯勒乔的一幅未被发现的杰作，价值几十万英镑。
Lesson 38 The first calendar最早的日历
Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own
times. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, videos, CDs and CD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting toreconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into beingwith the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect. Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。
历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。
长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。
Lesson 40 Who's who 真假难辨
It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. Inviting the fire-brigade to put out a non-existent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not
to take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed outironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.
谁也弄不清为什么大学生好像比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧——戏弄人。请消防队来扑灭一场根本没有的大火是一种低级骗局，有自尊心的大学生决不会去做。大学生们常常做的是制造一种可笑的局面，除了受害者大家都觉得非常滑稽。
最近有个学生看见两个工人在大学校门外用风钻干活，马上打电话报告警察，说有两个学生装扮成工人，正在用风钻破坏路面。挂上电话后，他又马上来到工人那儿，告诉他们若有个警察来让他们走开，不要把他当回事；还对工人说，有个学生常装扮成警察无聊地同别人开玩笑。警察与工人都对那个学生事先通报情况表示感谢。
那学生躲在附近一拱形门廊里，在那儿可以看见、听到现场发生的一切。果然，警察来了，有礼貌地请工人离开此地；但其中一个工人粗鲁地回了几句。于是警察威胁要强行使他们离开。工人说，悉听尊便。警察去打电话叫人。一会儿工夫，又来了4个警察，规劝工人离开。由于工人拒绝停下手中的活，警察想夺风钻。两个工人奋力抗争，其中一个发了火，威胁说要去叫警察。警察听后讥讽地说，这大可不必，因为他俩已被逮捕了。其中一个工人装模作样地问道，在被带往警察局之前，是否可以打一个电话。警察同意了，陪他来到一个投币电话前。当他看到那个工人真的是给警察挂电话，才恍然大悟，原来他们都成了一场骗局的受害者。
Lesson 41 Illusions of Pastoral Peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City born and city bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the weekend. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into rapturesat the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. This idyllicpastoral scene is only part of the picture. My friend fails tomention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV ---- virtually the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work. Why people are prepared totolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. They could be saved so much misery and
expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. You never have to travel miles to see your friends. They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat. For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning. As the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home. The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country. It has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.
宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我。我生在城市，长在城市，总认为乡村是透过火车车窗看到的那个样子，或偶尔周末去游玩一下的景象。我的许多朋友都住在城市，但他们只要一提起乡村，马上就会变得欣喜若狂。尽管他们都交口称赞宁静的乡村生活的种种优点，但其中只有一人真去农村住过，而且不足6个月就回来了。即使他也仍存有幻觉，好像乡村生活就是比城市生活优越。他滔滔不绝地大谈友好的农民，洁净的空气，贴近大自然的环境和悠闲的生活节奏。他坚持认为，凌晨雄鸡第一声啼叫，黎明时分小鸟吱喳欢叫，冉冉升起的朝阳染红树木、牧场，此番美景无与伦比。但这种田园诗般的乡村风光仅仅是一个侧面。我的朋友没有提到在电视机前度过的漫长寂寞的冬夜——电视是唯一的娱乐形式。他也不说商店货物品种单调，以及那些每天不得不从乡下赶到城里工作的不幸的人们。人们为什么情愿每天在路上奔波4个小时去换取值得怀疑的乡间的优点，我是无法理解的。要是他们愿意住在本来属于他们的城市，则可以让他们省去诸多不便与节约大量开支。
如果你愿舍弃乡下生活那一点点乐趣的话，那么你会发现城市可以为你提供生活中最美好的东西。你去看朋友根本不用跋涉好几英里，因为他们都住在附近，你随时可以同他们聊天或在晚上一起娱乐。我在乡村有一些熟人，他们每年进城来看一回或几回戏，并把此看作一种特殊的享受。看戏在他们是件大事，需要精心计划。当戏快演完时，他们又为是否能赶上末班火车回家而犯愁。这种焦虑，城里人是从未体验过的。坐公共汽车几站路，就可看到最新的展览、电影、戏剧。买东西也是一种乐趣。物品品种繁多，从来不必用二等品来凑合。乡里人进城采购欣喜若狂，每次回家时都买足了外来商品，直到拿不动方才罢休，连走路都摇摇晃晃的。城市也并非没有良辰美景。寒冷潮湿的冬夜里，广告灯箱发出的暖光，会给人某种安慰。周末，当成千上万进城上班的人回到了他们的乡间寓所之后，空旷的街市笼罩着一种宁静的气氛，没有什么能比此时的宁静更令人难忘了。城里人对这一切心里很明白，却偏要执拗地装出他们喜欢住在乡村的样子，这对我来说一直是个谜。
Lesson 42 Modern cavemen 现代洞穴人
Cave exploration, or pot-holing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport. Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth. It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer's motives. For him, caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains
have for the climber. They arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood.
Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler. Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer. The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. It extends to a depth of 3,723 feet. This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunneled a course through a flaw in the rocks. The entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps. As it is only six feet across, it is barely noticeable. The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. Since its discovery, it has become a sort of pot-holers' Everest(珠峰). Though a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored.
A team of pot-holers recently went down the Gouffre Berger. After entering the narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed down the steep sides of the cave until they came to narrow corridor. They had to edge their way along this, sometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools. Suddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave. They plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side. To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits. At the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water. In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small water-spout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave. Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the pot-holers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall. After switching on powerful arc lights, they saw great stalagmites -- some of them over forty feet high -- rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactitessuspended from the roof. Round about, piles of limestone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow. In the eerie（可怕的）silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.
洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一项比较新的体育活动。寻求独处的愿望或寻求意外发现的机会的欲望吸引人们来到地下深处。要想对洞穴探险者的动机作出满意的解释是不可能的。对洞穴探险者来说，洞穴有一种特殊的魅力，就像高山对登山者有特殊魅力一样。为什么洞空能引发人的那种探险本能，人们对此只能有一种模模糊糊的理解。
探测非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能胜任的。这种活动需要有军事行动般的周密布署和预见能力。有时需要花费整整8天时间来搭起绳梯，建立供应基地，然后才能到一个很深的洞穴里。作出这样的准备是必要的，因为无法预见到洞穴探险者究竟会遇到什么性质的困难。世界上最深的洞穴是格里诺布尔附近的高弗.伯杰洞，深达3,723英尺。这个深邃的洞穴是由一条地下暗泉冲刷岩石中的缝隙并使之慢慢变大而形成的。此洞的洞口在丹芬阿尔卑斯山的高原上，仅6英尺宽，很难被发现。若不是法国著名洞穴探险家伯杰由于偶然的机会发现了这个洞口的话，这个洞也许不会为人所知。自从被发现以后，这个洞成了洞穴探险者的珠穆朗玛峰，人们多次进入洞内探险，但至今尚有不少东西有待勘探。
最近，一队洞穴探险者下到了高弗.伯杰洞里。他们从高原上的窄缝进去，顺着笔直陡峭的洞壁往下爬。来到一条狭窄的走廊上。他们不得不侧着身子往前走，有时过浅溪，有时游过深潭。突然，他们来到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔泻而下，注入洞底一处地下湖里。他们跳入湖中，把各种器具装上一只充气的橡皮艇，听任水流将他们带往对岸。湖水冰冷刺骨，他们必须穿上一种特制的橡皮服以保护自己。在湖的尽头，他们见到一大堆一
大堆由湖水冲刷上岸的碎石。在这儿，他们可以听见一种连续不断的轰鸣声。后来他们发现这是由山洞顶部的一个小孔里喷出的水柱跌落到水潭中发出的声音。洞穴探险者从岩石缝里挤身过去，来到一个巨大的洞里，其大小相当于一个音乐厅。他们打开强力弧光灯，看见一株株巨大的石笋，有的高达40英尺，像树干似地向上长着，与洞顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。周围是一堆堆石灰石，像彩虹一样闪闪发光。洞里有一种可怕的寂静，唯一的可以听见的声响是高高的圆顶上不间断地滴水的嘀嗒声。
Lesson 43 Fully insured 全保险
Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. Insuring public or private property is a standardpractice in most countries in the world. If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather. Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay. It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique.
Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide. It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair. The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip. Shortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate. At the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own. Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.
The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish. Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish. They had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem. The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it. Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation. The dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank. For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariouslyon the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water. The men were now obliged to try once more. This time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains. The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal. The winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck. Several minutes later, the dish was successfully hauled above the surface of the water. Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal. There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again. By working at tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned.
保险公司一般说来愿意承保一切东西。承办公共财产或私人财产保险是世界上大部分国家的正常业务。如果你要举办一次露天游园会或盛宴，为避免碰上不好的天气而遭受损失也同样可以保险。不用说，保险公司承担风险越大，你付的保险费也就越高。航运公司为打捞沉船而提出索赔，这是常有的事，但某地当局为打捞一只焙制馅饼的盘子提出索赔，倒是件新鲜事儿。
这个馅饼盘子确实少见，有18英尺长，6英尺宽。某地方当局买下它用来焙制一个巨大的馅饼为一年一度交易会助兴。馅饼委员会确认运输这只盘子的最佳方案是通过运河水运。于是，他们对这只盘子的运输安全投了保。盘子下水后不久，馅饼委员会成员们来到当地一家小酒店庆贺。就在这个时候，许多十几岁的孩子爬上盘子举行他们自己的集
2016考研英语：真题经典长难句必背(一) 一篇考研阅读理解文章中一般会出现3-5句长难句，而且还至少有一道针对长难句理解 的考题，因此很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。 1、主从复合句 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. [参考译文] 当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为， 无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常 的东西。 [结构分析] 本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引导一个时间状语从句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一个并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句，表示让步。在主干it is advisable to find out... 中，it是形式主语，后面的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。 2、并列句 While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. [参考译文] 与你谈话时，可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历 是否在雇佣你以后会给他带来好处。你的"资历"和能力必须有条不紊、合理连贯地展示出来。 [结构分析] 这也是一个并列句，包含两个分句。第一个分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether...，其中whether引导一个宾语从句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二个分句的主干是your "wares" and abilities must be displayed...。注意：pay sb. to do sth.此处的意思是"做…对…有利";"wares"的本义是"商品、货物"，但在本文中，作者认为找工作就是推销自己，所以结合本文的背景，
2018考研英语作文模板必背20篇：大作文(3) As is shown in the picture, on arriving at the finishing line of a race on the playground, the lovely young man has to continue his new journey in no time instead of stopping to take a rest. He has successfully settled the puzzle of “stopping or going on” which might have confused many others. With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decade more dramatically than that of people's view on their own life. It is generally agreed upon that people have to adjust themselves to this new change. On the one hand, no doubt, people will gain a lot by setting new goals in their daily life. Take the famous scientist Thomas Edison for example. He had done very well in his early life, but continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. On the other hand, if one is obsessed with the success he has achieved, he would lose the chance to pursue new success. What is more, he may become the slave of his success. There are many cases showing that people lose their courage to better themselves after becoming successful. To sum up, one's view on his success determines his future. In my opinion, it is necessary to carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing people who have a burning desire for more and ever greater achievement when they are already well-known. So that people in the society will develop a forward-looking attitude and make their life worth living and the world more beautiful as well. 以上是中公考研为大家准备整理的2018考研英语作文模板必背20篇：大作文(3)的内容。中公考研提醒大家2018考研招生简章、2018考研招生目录、2018考研参考书目以及2018考研大纲已陆续公布，中公考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。另外，为了帮助考生更 好地复习，中公考研为广大学子推出2018考研VIP1对1、秋季集训营、保研课程系列备考专题，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析，还会根据每年的考研大纲进行针对性的分析哦~欢迎各位考生了解咨询。同时，中公考研一直为大家推出考研直播课堂，足不出户就可以边听课边学习，为大家的考研梦想助力!
必背范文四感谢信 模板一 Dear ________(对象), I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for________________________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in________________________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been________________________________(没有对方帮助会产生的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who ________________________________(给出细节). Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks. Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 模板二 Dear ______, to express my thanks for your _____(感谢的原因). If it had not How about your life/ study/ work? I’m writing been your assistance in _____(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been_____ (没有对方帮助时的后果). During the ______, you gave me generous help and continuous guidance by _____. First, you _____.What’s more, you ______. There is still one thing that I can’t forget. That is _______. (原因) Thanks a lot for your kindness again. (再次致谢) Give my best regards to ______. (祝愿) Yours sincerely _______ 感谢信是用于致谢他人的馈赠、款待、帮助、以及对慰问信和祝贺信的回复。信件不适宜过长，只需 写明感谢他人的理由，信文要感情真挚，措辞得体。 感谢信一般分为三个部分： 第一段：表达感谢之情并说明原因； 第二段：细述并赞赏对方给与的帮助； 第三段：再次阐述谢意并表达回报愿望。
书信类一 (一) 2005-2009大纲样题： Dear Sir or Madam, As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) , I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books. Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2008. I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely,
2019全国8套高考英语作文真题及范文指导 1.全国Ⅰ卷 【题目要求】 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1．写信目的：2．个人优势：3．能做的事情。 注意： 1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．结束语已为你写好。 【参考范文】 Dear Sir/Madam, I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China during this summer vacation. I’m delighted to learn that volunteer students are wanted for a Chinese painting exhibition to be held in the local art gallery. Now I’m writing to apply for the position. The reasons for my application are as follows. First of all, having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate freely with others in English. What’s more, years of being monitor makes me a brilliant organizer, which will help a lot to keep the exhibition in order. The most important factor is that my related knowledge will undoubtedly help the audience learn more about the unique Chinese art form. All in all, my sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer. I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Yours, 1
一、图画作文 1.写作攻略 图画作文是较难的题型之一，近几年考研英语写作试题均为图画题型，因此考生应该特别认真地对待。这类题一般要求考生仔细看图，根据题目要求写成自己的作文。实际上，图画作文也可以当作三段式的提纲作文来写。第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句话来概括就可以)，第二段分析原因，最后一段发表评论或提出建议，其中第二、三段应该是写作的重点。面对此类题型，考生应首先确定主题，然后再动笔。具体写作要点： (1) 仔细研究作文指令，弄清楚作文的要求，是否有标题？是否有提纲？然后从题目中找出中心词，分析修饰词，准确地抓住题目的中心思想。 (2)认真解读图画，因为图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究，尤其要注意图画中人或物(人与物)的体貌表情特征和背景，确定人物之间，人物与背景之间的主要关系，以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。 (3)如果图画以系列形式(既两幅以上)出现，考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外，还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所理解，在整体上把握图画所传达的信息。 (4)面对图画作文，考生应该展开合理而丰富的联想，用生动恰当的言辞抒发自己对图画的所思、所想、所感。 (5)注意图画作文中的文字说明。文字说明非常重要，通常十分清楚地提供一些写作要点，考生在看说明时要看清主、谓、宾，正确理解说明的意义。 (6)草拟提纲，合理组织材料。根据图画内容的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。如图画式作文写作多要求进行描写图画。对于漫画式写作，漫画描写本身并不重要，但文章的寓意却要力求准确，不要拖泥带水。 (7)系统且突出地展开段落。展开段落要根据画面内容进行，最好能围绕每一段的主题句进行。 (8)检查与修改。考生应重点检查图画内容是否准确地被表达出来，题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在与画面不相符的内容，或未能完全涵盖题目所给提示，考生应对文章做出相应修订。 2.必背模版句型 As is described in the picture... 这幅图描述了…… The purpose of the picture is to show us that... 这幅图的目的是为了给我们展示…… We can deduce form this picture that... 从这幅图中我们可以推断…… The picture indicates / conveys the meaning that 这幅图指出/传达…… More and more people have come to realize... 越来越多的人已经意识到…… Now it is commonly held that... but I doubt whether... 现在大家都普遍认为……，但我怀疑…… As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between... and ... 从图中我们可以清楚的看到……和……的关系。 No wonder most see the problem of... as that of ... rather than that of... 难怪大多数人把……看成……的问题，而不是……的问题。
研究生学位英语必背模版 一、学位英语必背句型 1.as is known /as it is known to all …众所周知 2.with the pace of modern life increasing….随着现代生活步伐的加快 3.with the development of modern society…随着现代社会的 4.personally I’m in favor of the former/latter view…我个人偏向于前/后一种观点 5. there is no doubt that…勿容质疑 6.however everything has two sides…任何事物都具有两方面 7.as a Chinese saying goes…正如中国的一句谚语所说 8.the same is the case with sth…也不例外 9.in the appraisal of …在。。。的评价中 11. according to …there are at least three good reasons…firstly secondly…thirdly….列举的用法 12. In my opinion, in the appraisal of …it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them。 我认为，在对….的评价中，完全的肯定任何事情和否认任何事情都是片面的。我们在欣赏到他们做出的巨大的贡献的同时也要更加注意他们带来的问题。 二、学位英语作文速成模板 1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1.有一些人认为…… 2.另一些人认为…… 3.我的看法……
对于参加2017高考的同学来说，现在开始复习和背诵英语作文完全来得及，小简老师推荐你高考英语写作优秀范文全集，满满都是套路，掌握后还怕得不了满分吗？ 1.感谢信 假设你是李华，梁教授去年六月推荐你去悉尼大学深造，现在你已经被悉尼大学化学学院录取，请写封信向梁教授表示感谢。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Professor Liang, I am writing to extend my gratitude to you because with your help I am now a student of Chemistry Department of Sydney University. Last June, when I applied to become a graduate student of Sydney University, you really gave me a lot of valuable help. You not only wrote a recommendation（推荐）for me to Professor Wells who works in the Sydney University but also gave me careful and patient instructions on how to fill the application forms and write the application letters. It is your unreserved(无保留的）help that enables me to obtain this splendid（极好的）opportunity of further education. For the following two years I will study hard to reciprocate（回报）your sincere help and expectations with excellent grades. Yours truly, Zhang Ying 2. 道歉信 假设你是李华，因弟弟生病住院，你不能参加你好友下星期四晚的生日晚会，请写一封道歉信解释原因，并祝福他生日快乐。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Sarah, I am terribly sorry to tell you that I am unable to attend your birthday party next Thursday evening. That is owing to（因为）the fact that （同位语从句）my younger brother suddenly fell ill and was taken to a hospital this morning. I have to go there immediately and take care of him. As told by the doctor in charge, it will take around five days for him to recover and I have asked my boss for a leave. I really regret that I cannot go to celebrate your birthday personally and would miss the perfect chance of enjoying myself with all our old friends. I have chosen a small gift for you and will send it to you tomorrow to show my best wishes. Besides, please give my regards to our friends when you meet them at the party. Cordially, （sincerely） Li Hua 3. 申请信 假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣，要写一封求职信，包括下列要点：1．年龄：18． 2. 学习情况：班级前5，英语口语好 3．兴趣和特长：打字快，喜欢阅读，听音乐4．性格特点：积极向上 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行为连贯； 3．开头语和结束语己为你写好。【优秀满分范文】Dear Sir/ Madam, I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary. I’m really interested in this position so I am writing to apply for it. I’m18 years old and will graduate from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July. I’m an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students. I’m good at English, especially spoken English. I often use the computer and I type very fast. In my spare time, I read a lot. Poems are my favorite. I enjoy music very much too. Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities. Besides, I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends. I hope I may be granted（授予）an interview, when I can explain my qualifications（资格，条件）more fully. I am looking forward to your reply. Sincerely/Yours, LiHua 4. 通知 假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将
6级作文模板 1）先背3个句子 1 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life.(讲重要性) 2 The popularity of digital …will have great influence on our work, study and everyday life. On the one hand …, But on the other hand.（讲影响） 3To conclude,…..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.（结尾段） Ps:灵活运用第1句和第2句，根据不同模板自由组合。 2）模板（2个模板） 1 开头段：先讲重要性，然后转讲不好的地方。 中间段：措施 结尾段：先来个小转折再进入总结 开头段Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life. However, what worries most of us is that…… 中间段 Firstly….Secondly…https://www.doczj.com/doc/0113136902.html,stly but in no means least…… 结尾段 To conclude,…..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them. 2 开头段：先讲重要性，然后转讲争论 中间段：转折(即列出两种不同人的观点) 结尾段：直接进入总结（即你的观点） 开头段：It is accepted that …. Plays a significant part for both …, and what’s more , a lot of attention is being drawn to the change of….. However, whether … deserves such an attention , people’s ideas vary. 中间段：On the one hand, some people hold the view that ….. On the other hand, a great many people insist that…. 结尾段：From my perspective, however…. (你的观点) . Therefore, it’s time that (措施之类的) 6级作文万能句子 （补充在”…..”里面的万能句子，自己琢磨每个句子放在哪里比较适合）
2019年高考英语作文20篇经典范文 (1) 假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需要书面预约，请按下列的要求写一封信：1.本人简介 2.求助内容 3.约定时间 4.你的联系方式(Email: lihua@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0113136902.html, ; Phone:12345678) 范文： Dear Sir , I’m LiHua , a Chinese student taking summer course in your university . I’m writing to ask for help . I came here last month and found my courses interesting .But I have some difficulty with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library . I was told the learning center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you. I have no class on Tuesdays mornings and Friday afternoons . Please let me know which day is ok with you. You may email or phone me . Here are my email address and phone number :lihua@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0113136902.html, ; 1234567. Look forward to your reply . Yours , Li Hua (2) 假设你正在参加全省中学生演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻开孩子的日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。内容包括：1.认为同学们不必为此烦恼 2.希望能够体谅父母的苦衷 3.建议与父母进行交流沟通 范文： Good morning , ladies and gentlemen , Some of us are having problems with our parents , as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries . I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it , but there’s no need to feel too sad. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure we are not getting into any trouble . They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same . Or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing it all wrong . My suggestion is : Tell them we want them to trust us as much as we’d like to trust them .If you don’t think you can talk to them , write them a letter and leave it lying around ---they are bound to read it . Thank you! (3) 假定你是李华，在一位名叫TigerMom的学生家长的博客上，你看到以下内容。请你根据博客内容，写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。
20篇必背范文： 小作文4篇书信，3篇告示，3篇摘要。大作文1篇提纲，2篇情景，2篇图表， 5篇图画【1998,2001,2002,2003,2004】 小作文（一）2005-2009大纲样题： Dear Sir or Madam, As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) , I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books. Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2008. I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 尊敬的先生或女士： 由于我计划参加全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试，充分考虑到贵书店的良好声誉和书籍的优良品质，我决定订购一些考研英语书籍。 首先，请给我关于这些书的书名、作者、出版社、价格的详细信息。其次，我也想知道付款方式和售后服务。第三，我想知道您是否方便把这些书通过特快邮政专递在2008年9月1日前送到北京新东方学校总部。 非常感谢您好心考虑我的请求。期待着尽快得到您的答复。 您真诚的， 李明 （二）2005： Dear Mr. Wang, I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor for your magazine Design & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life. However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my present job doesn't fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that may conform to my former preparation. Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may occur. Yours truly, Li Ming 尊敬的王先生： 十分感激您两个月之前聘用我为杂志《设计与时尚》的编辑。我非常珍惜这个和您以及其他同事共事的机会。这将是我一生中的难忘经历。 但是，对于一个喜欢计算机科学远多于时尚设计的年轻人来说，我认识到目前的工作并不符合我的教育背景与个人能力。因此，我决定辞职，找一份与我从前教育背景相关的工作。 我为离开可能造成的不便深表歉意。 您真诚的， 李明 （三）2006：
1996 Text3 In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrializa tion. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ me eting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the l ives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.